Designation: E 10-08 ‘Standard Test Method for ne Tateoaraion Chet Strerd "RRGHTO Ne TOs Brinell Hardiness of Metallic Materials’ TW stants oer ihe fed design 10: he ambi owing ideo fist yr of rg lotion case of revision, the ea of sev, A urbe in paeateses nll he Yar fst approval A supe. ‘ptosis an eda lage soe the Tas eis 4 reapyora, This standard has bea appeared for use by ageaies ofthe Depanest of Dfere 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Brinell hardness of metallic materials by the Brinell indentation hardness principle, This standard provides the requirements for a Brinell testing machine and the procedures for performing Brinel! hardness test. 1.2 This standard includes additional requirements in four Vein of Gia Hornose Tasting Machines Ament ‘ina Hardnse Sandaraing Matinee ‘rien #2 ‘Stassardzaton of nal Hardness aerire anes 23 ‘Stearn a Bene Hardness Te AS omer Aa 1.3 This standard includes nonmandatory information in an appenéit which relates to the Brinell hardness test ppane 9 ene lanes of Procedures for Deering Dina Hasees Uncesiy 1.4 At the time the Brinell hardiness test was developed, the force levels were specitied in units of kilograus-force (kgt). Although this standard specifies the unit of force in the International System of Units (SI) as the Newion (N), because ff the historical precedent and eontinued common usage of ket units, force values in kgf units are provided for information and ‘much of the discussion in this standard refers to forces in ket nits 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2 ASTM Stanatarie:? E20 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to "This tt meted 6 undo t fvticton of ASTM Commies 628 ot Mestaial Testing and the dice espasblly of Subcom: KREG ot Ted Hares Testing (Curent edition approved Dec. 1, 2008, Publi Januacy 200, Crignly “ove in 1924, La prevogs eon appre in 2007 we 10 Oe "Foreland ASTI standands,vnt the ASTM webs, worn ng oe uct ASTM Customer Service a svc rece. For Ana Book of ASTM Stucardvlume ntertin, refer othe sana Docent Si page on {he ASTM web, Determine Conformance with Specifications E74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Insiru- rients for Verifying, the Forea Indication of Testing Ma- E 140 Harness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship ‘Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, and Scleroscope Hardess E384 Test Method for Mieroindentation Hardness of Ma- terfals 2.2 American Bearings Manufacturer Association Stan- dark: ‘ABMA 10-1989 Metal Balls? 23. 180 Standards: ISO/IEC 1701 Conformity Assessment—General Require- ments for Accreditation Bodies Accrediting Conformity Assessment Bodies* ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Calibration and Testing* 3. Terminology and Equations 3 Definitions 3.1.1 calibration—dereemination of the valves of the sig- nificant parameters by comparison with values indicated by reference instrument or by a set of reference standards. 3.1.2 verification—checking of testing to assure eonform- ance with the specification, 3.1.3 standardization—t0 bring in conformance with = known standard through veriieaticn or calibration. 3.1.4 Brinell hardness test—an indentation hardaess test using a verified machine to force an indenter (tungsten carbide ball with diameter D), under specified conditions, into the surface of tha paterial under test. The diametce oF the resulting indentation 1 is measured afler removal of the force 3.1.5. Brinel! hardness number—a nomiber, which is propor- tional to the quotient obtained by dividing the fest forse by the curved surface area of the indentation which is assumed! to be spherical and of the diameter of the ball, ® rahe Yan Ameren Being Maas ASinia (ALMA), 205. 1M Sowet.NW, Site 800, Wakinata. DE 2018, "Arable rt Astin Natio Sa note (ANSY), 28 W 48a Se 4 Moos New York, NY 10036, pen mansiorg ioe ASTM ata to Rr oP, PO Rg, Wel nara, A HR Ud Bes,afity = 10-08 3.1.6 Brinell hardness seale—a designation that identifies the specific combination of ball diameter and applied force twsed fo perform the Brinell hardness test, BLT Brinell haniness testing machine—a Brinell bandness machine used for general testing purposes. 3.1.8 Brinell hardness standuntizing machine—a Brinell hhardness machine used for the standardization of Brinell hhardness test blocks. The standardizing machine differs from a regular Brinell hardness testing machine by having tighter tolerances on eertain parameters 3.1.9 forcerliameter ratio—a number calculated asthe ratio of the test force in ket to the square of the indenter ball diameter in mm (see Table 1). 3.2 Equations 3.2.1 The Avinell hardness number is caleutated as: in = Do- Vena ow where: Fjeg = test force in kgf, 2 = diameter of the indenter ball in mm, and d= measured mean diameter of the indentation in mm Gee Table 1), 3.2.2 The repeatability R in the performance of a Brinell ardness machine at each hardness level, under the particular verification conditions, is estimated by the range of diameter ‘measurements of indentations made on « standardized test block as part of a performance verification, defined as: > date © Syma Damir of heal em Feat ore Fo hore te acceaton ds ogi se 9.685 nt 4 aan ameter ett, om gota te ere odo aoe messes ersten tdaatrs need mao rua of ameter apt afte sein, en D-VO-d = Caner BF ‘aio Haw met ssrnaes Test eco + Ser a SRG 2h 300 VITA where: dog = mean diameter of the Ingest measured indentation, and dim = mean diameter of the smallest measured indenta- tion, 3.2.3 The average H of a set of n Brinell hardness measure- snot valor Hy By Hy I ele as aes Pa alt Mat 32.4 The error Ein the performace ofa Brinell hanes Inachine at each hardwss lve is daterned a B= Hats 3 4 where: F (Eq 3) = average of m hardness tests M.A fon a standardized wst block a8 parl of 3 performance verification, and entfied average hardness value of the stan dardized test block 3.25 The mean diameter of an indentation dis calculated bat +4, 4 % Where aid measured indentation diameters in mm the number of diameter measurements. 3.2.6 The average mean diameter d of a set of indentations is caleulated as: reer) ears where: dl, d2,... dN = mean indentation diameters in ewm, and N = umber of indentations ¢soe Annex AS). 4. Significance and Use 4.1 The Brinell hardness testis an indentation hardness test that can provide useful information about metallic material ‘This information may correlate to tensile strength, wear resis- tance, ductility, or other physical characteristics of meisifc ‘materials, and may be useful in quality control and selection of materiale 4.2 Brinell hudness tests are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, and have been used extensively in industry for this purpose. 423 Brinell hardness testing al a specific Location on a part ‘may not represent the physical characteristies oF the whole part or end produc, 5. Principles of Test and Apparatus 3.1. Brinell Hardness Test Principle—The general principle ‘of the Brinell indentation hardness test consists of two steps (see Fig. 0, 3.1.1 Step /—The indenter is brought into contact with the lest specimen in a diroction perpendicular to the surface, and the test force F is applied. The test force is held fora specified dwell time and thea removed,FIG. 1 Principte of fest S.1.2 Step 2—The diameter of the indentation is measured in at least two directions perpendicular t0 each ether. The Brinell hardness value is derived from the mean of the diameter ‘measurements. 3.2 Brinell Testing Machine—Equipment for Brinel! hard. ress testing usually consists of a testing machine, which supports the test specimen and applies an indenting farce to a ballin contact with the specimen, and a system for measuring the mean diameter of the indentation in accordance with the Brinell hardness test principle, The design of the testing machine shall be such that no rocking or lateral grovement af the indenter or specimen occurs while the force is being applied, The design of the testing machine shall ensure that the force 10 the indenter is applied smoothly and without impact Fotces. Precautions shall be taken to prevent a momentary high test force cxused by the inertia of the system, hydraulic systema overshoot, ete 5.2.1 See the Equipment Manufacturer's Instruction Manual for a description of the machine's characteristics, limitations, and respective operating procedures. 5.2.2 Anvils—An anvil, or specimen support, should be used that is suitable forthe specimen to be tested. The seating and supporting surfaces of all unvils should be clean and free ff Foreign material. Typically, anvils need only be replaced if they fall t0 support the test surface perpendicular 10 the indenter, or they are deemed unsafe, 5.2.3 Indenters—Indenters for the Brinell hardness test shall be tungsten carbide balls of four allowed diameters (1, 5, $ and 10 mm). Indenters shall meot the requirements ‘defined in Annex A3, 5.2.4 Oil, din, oF other foreign materials shall not be lowed 19 accumulate’ on the indenter, as this will affect the test results, 5.25 Measuremens Device—The measurement device used for the measurement of the diameter of Brinell indentations ‘may be an integral part of the hardness machine or a separate stand-alone instrument. The allowable measurement devices are classified into two types. The Type A device includes microscopes having movable measuring lines with some type of indicator or computerized measuring system, or an image analysis system. The Type B device is « hand-held microscope (usually 20X or 40%) with fixed measuring Tine 525.1 Type Device —The acce; for a Type A device shall be as given in Table 525.2 Type B Device—The acceptable maximum spacing between the graduated Tines of Type B devices shall be as given (fly € 10-08 TABLE 2 Resolution and Graduation Spacing of indentation ‘Measuring Devioes "ype a ee Mi esos Dut Diwmter esa tien Gnenon Spang 7 ‘0100 808 Y ‘uso on &s D0 = Sone in Table 2. Type B devices shall not be used for measuring, indentations made with 2.5 mm and 1 1mm ball indenters. 3.3 Verjication—Brinell testing machines and indentation measwrement devices shall be verified periodically in accor ddagce with Annex Al. 54 Test Blocks—Test blocks meeting the requirements of Annex Ad shall be used to verily the testing machine in accordance with Annex AL 5.5 Brinell Hardness Scales—The combinastens of indent- fers and test forces define the Brinell hardness scales. The standard Brinell hardness scales and test forces are given in ‘Tuble 3, corresponding (o force-diameter ratios (see Table 1) of 1, 1.25, 25, 5, 10 and 30. Brinell hardness vulues should be determined and reporied in accordance with one of these standard scales. Other scales using nomstandard test forces, may be used by special agreement. Examples of other scales snd the corresponding force-diameter ratio (in parentheses) are HBW 10/750 (7.5), HBW 10/2000 (20), HBW 10/2500 (2: HBW 5/187.5 (7.5), and HBW 5/500 (20). 5.6 Calculation of the Brinel Hardness Number—The Brinell hardness number shall be eslculated from the mean ‘TABLE 3 Tost Conditlons and Recommended H. ess Range inet Farce acorns Harrase OST Dlr _ TFs crue Range ee a hoe co Ten ease 1900 a em ev ioiss ots Mento taco art wer How toro Bie Seon tooo Stazte Howtos 3am S00 team He iee 32s Bassa Taetosas Fowtves 30 ts tas a5 Sebo ara Hew iin Tomy tar sate rowers =) e785 Besos Hewson = $e deo St8 wate tewsies = 58 tame as nowt Hewsees 525 Gig Gas Tab inate rowssies «$a Ses Sigs Stowzre fovses 8” ae") Sieaie Howeviers 25 so Te59 1675 Sess ow aawes 35 Go aizo es Sawai Hew S5sr2s 25S Sos hay ise 08 Now zens 28 ay a2 iss Tootose Wowesneies 28 ta toot foes Smosrs fowastes 230 | giap "aus Siem ew vso + tee) tastes ow 0 1% Shir) Swe ate How Ws 1S fog See te sos Hewes 1 BSP 2 Tostses aw ines 1B eae tap Stare row vt TP seo "Sr 2's “G00 TeAy = 10-08 diameter d of the indentation using Eq | ar from the values siven in Appendix X1. 5.6.1 Brinell hardness values shall not be designated by a ‘number alone because itis necessary to indicate which indenter land Which force has been employed in making the test (see Table 3). Brinell hardness numbers shall be Followed by the ‘symbol HBW, and be supplemented by an index indicating the test conditions in the following order: 56.1.1 Diameter of the ball, mam, 56.1.2 Avaluc representing the test fore, kef, (see Table 3) and, 5.6.1.3 The applied force dwell time, s, if other than 10s to Iss. 5.62 The only exception to the above requiroment is for tte HBW 10/3000 scale when a 10's to 15 s dwell time is wsed, Only in the case of this one Brinell hardness seale may te Xex'gnation be vepreted simply as HW. 5.6.3. Examples 220 HBV = uel has of 290 determine wth a blo 19 ren ameter and wih st foes of 28.42 HN (S000 al mld for 10810 158 350 HOW 81750» Bont madness of 950 deterines wh abl of 5 Gamers wh ates force of 7.935 W780 ha) ep ad for TOs fo 188 {600 HBW 3020 = Bal Parcs ot 80 deters Ww bt of 1 mi ‘Senor and th ale feo 294.2 N (80K) apo Wo 20 8 6, Test Piece 6.1 There is no standard shape or size for 4 Brinell test specimen, ‘The test piece on which the indentation is made should conform to the followin, 6.1.1 Thickness—The thickness ofthe specimen tested shall be such that no bulge or uther marking showing the effect of the test force appears om the side of the piece opposite the indentation. The thickness of the material uncer test should be at least ten times the depth of the indentation (See Table 4). ‘Table 4 can also be used as a guideline for the minimum depth of a layer of a material such asa coating, Nove 1—Brinetl hares testing ean we high test force. Under eran conditions of testing a eatvey thn ate oF coating oo a basal with high hardness, thace i'w Potent for the test mal 10 Teak or shater under ioe esl i eousperoal injury o damage tw equipment, Users are stony eutoned to exerlse eure cate when tewing a matral that eld pote a ner lon. Dba a oncom of dou, do atest ma. 6.12 Widih—The minimum width shall conform to the requirements for indentation spacing 6.13 Finish—When necessary, the surface on which the indentation isto be made should be filed, ground, machined oF polished lat with abrasive material so that the edge of the indentation can be eleary dened to permit the measurement of the diameter tothe specified accuracy. Preparation shall be cried out in such a way that any alteradon of the surface hhardaess oF the ws surface (for example, due to overheating or cold-working) is minimized. 7. “Test Procedure 7.1 The diameter of the indentation shall be between 24 and 60% of the Dall diameler. Approximate Drinell hardeess ‘numbers are given in'Table 3 for the above range of indentation inmeters, ‘noTEeainar acy pamma mecatenan as 9S ‘TABLE 4 Minimum Specimen Thickness Based on Ten-Times the Indentation Depth Minium Speen Tasknoss Diameter ot Indortsion, —ipmm Sm RS 3 e 02 a 03 02 oa ba O01 os 07 O02 86 a4 com 10 0099 o7 8s on 08 or oo on 83 oosa to ta oan uh 13 030 12 97 ocea 18 ome ta 4o 00s9 21 Oa 1 43 ase v 13 0080 42 one 19 bore 26 0x00 15 00% 31 or 17 Obs 38 O18 20 00% 43° O18 23 oo 50 O19” 82 25 O14 aa So one 38 34 one fo 42 O64 42 48 one S44 oar 48 G1 024 8273. ue 84 7a ore Se 38 oa Se 33 oa [Nor 2—A lower Timit i inaentation diameters necessary because of| the risk in damaging the ball snd the diffieuly in msawring the indentation, The upper lint is necestary because of a reduction I seastvity a the diameter ofthe indentation approaches the ball damsteg ‘The thickness and spacing requirements may determine the masimnun penissible diameter of indentation for a specific txt. ‘Nore 3-1 is not mandatory tht Binal tests conform othe harness slet of Table 3, I should be realized that diferent Brnell hardness umibers may be obtained fra given material by wsng diferent forces on te stne sizeof bal. For tho porpose of obtaiing a ceatnuovs seal of values, it may be desirable wo use a single Force Io cover te complete range of harshest fora given chss of materials 7.2 The Brinell hardness test is not recommended for ‘materials above 650 HBW 10/3000. 7.3 Direct comparisons of Brinetl harduess numbers for tests using different scales can be made only if the force diameter ratio is maintained (See Table 3), Brinell hardness tests made on the same test material, but using different Force= diameter ratios, will produce differem Brinell hardness num- bers, 7.3.1 Example—An HBW 10/500 test will usually approxi- ‘mate an HBW 5/125 test since the force-diameter rato is 5 for both scales, However, # value of 160 HBW 10/500 will beAlly = 10-08 approximately equal 1o 180 HBW 10/3000 on the same test material because of different force-diameter ratios (5 and 30, respectively) 7A Daily Verification—A daily verification of the testing ‘machine shall be performed in accordance with Annex AU prior to making hardness tests, Hardness measurements shall be ‘made only on the calibrated surface of the test block. Its also ‘recommended that the operation of the machine be checked ia accordance with the daily verification method specified in ‘Aluex AL after each change of the test force, anvil or the indenter. 75 Indentation Procedure—The Brine! Irrdness test shall be canied out as follows: 75.1. Bring the indenter into contact with the test surface in a direetion perpendicular to the surface without shock, vibra- tion or overshoot, The angle between the indenter force-ine snd the surfave of the specimen should be perpendicular, 7.52. Apply the test force F within 1 to 8 », Faster force application times are permiited if it is demonstrated that test results are not affected, 7.5.3 Maintain the fully applied west force for 10 to 15 s, With the following exception, 78.21 In the eave of materials exhibiting excessive plastic flow atter application of the test force, special considerations may be necessary since the indenter will continue to penetrate into the material. Testing of these materials may require the ase ft a longer applied force dell time tham stated sfoove, which should be specified in the product specification, When an extended applied force dwell time is used, the dwvell time shall be recorded and reported with the test resus (See 5.6.1). 7.54 At the end of the dvvell time, immediately remove the test force without shoek or vibration. 7.6 Measurement of Indentation: 7.6.1! Measure the diameter of each indentation in two directions, perpendicular (90°) to eazh other. Additional mes- surements of the indentation diameter may also be made. The arithmetic mean of the measurements shall be used for the calculation of the Brive! hardness number. 7.62 For routine testing, the diameter of the in shal! be measured 1 the fesolution of the measuring device ‘when using a Type A:teviee, or one-half the graduation spacing, ‘when using a Type Betevice. 7.63 For tests on Mat surfaces, the difference between the Targest and smallest measured diameters for the same indenta- tion shall not exceed 0.1 mm unless it is specified in the ‘product specification, such as for an anisotropic grain structure where the difference can be 0.2 mm, 7.64 When indentations are made en a curved surface, the ‘minimum radius of curvature ofthe surface shall be two and a. half times the diameter of the ball. Indemations made on ccurved surfaces may he slightly cllptical rather thax efrcular in shape. The measurements of the indentation shal! be taken as the mean ef the major and minor axes 1.7 Indentation Spacing—The distance between the centers ‘of two adjacent indentations shall be at Teast three times the diameter of the mean indentation, 7.7.1. "The distance from the center of amy indentation to an ‘edge of the test piece shall be atleast two and a hail times the diameter of the mean indentation, 78 Brinell hardness tests should be carried out at an ambient temperature within the limits of 10 to 35°C (50 to 95°F). Users of the Brinell test are cautioned that the tempers ture of the lest material and the temperature of the hardness tester may affect the test results. Consequently, users should censure that the test temperature does not adversely affect the Inardness measurement. 8. Conversioa to Other Hardness Seales or Tensile Strength Values 8.1 ‘There is no general method of accurately converting the Brinell hardness members on one scale 10 Brinell hardness ‘numbers on anotier scale, or 10 other «pes of hardness ‘numbers, orto tensile strength values. Such conversions ire, at best, approximations and, therefore should be avoided except for special eases where a reliable basis for the approximate conversion his been obtained by comparison ests [Nore 4 The Standurd Hardness Conversion Tables for Mea, E140, ive approximate conversion values for specitic maerals uch a sel, fustenitic stainless stl, nickel and high-ickol alloys, eareidge bas, feo alloys, and alloyed white easton. 9. Report 9.1 Ata minimum, the test report shall inchade the following, informatio 91.1 ‘The Brinell hardness value Hof the test results rounded to three significant digits Iu aecordance with Practice 29, for example, 125 HBW or 99.2 HBW. 9.1.2 The test conditions, wher other than a 3000 kt (29.42 KN) applied force, 2 10 mm ball diameter, and a 10 s 10 15 8 application of test force are used (see 5.6.1), 9.1.3 Astatement that the indentation measuring device was. Type A, when such a device is used. When a Type B Indentation measuring device is used, no statemext is required. 9.1.4 The ambient temperature of the test, if outside the Timits of 10 to 35°C (50 (0 95°F), unless it has been shown (0 not affect the maeasurement result 10, Precision and Bias 10.1 The precision of this test method is based on am interlaboratory study of Test Method E 10 conducted in 2006. ‘This replaces a previous st-dy which used steel ball indenters Each of eight laboratories tested the Brinell hardness of ‘metallic materials. Three analyses were performed on a total of seven different materials of vazying levels of hardness. Three replicates of each analysis were performed. The results from, this study are filed in an ASTM Research Report. 10.2 Repearability—Two test resulty obtained within one Jaboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the ris the interval value for that materia: ris the interval representing the critical difference between two test results for Supporting dia have bent ASTI nterationl Henna ay bole by vequing, Resch Report RRS E023,ly & 10-08 the same material, oblained by the same operaior using the same equipment on the same day in the same laboratory. 10.3 Reproducibility —Two test results should be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the R value for that ‘material; R is the interval representing the difference between two test results for the same material, obtained by different operators using different equipment in different laboratories. 10.4 Any judgment in accordance with statements 10.2 or 10.3 would have an approximate 95 % probability of being comest. 105 Rests from the interlaboratory study are summarized in Tables 57, TABLE 5 Summary of Statistical Information (500 kg Test Force) aa ——O«SSOWSCSOSR ww TOOHEW Test Buck W0L7) 251 as] 2a 286 678 Seton ore om ment fm TABLE 6 Summary of Statistical Information (500 kg Tost Fores) "eat tater ane ens av ISIS LT THOWGW TextBlock 754 200089 2a aaa _t8 225 HOW Test Block 22169 400 220 400 Gt6 | Y228 500 HBW Test Block 26465 648264 SA 7.001648 TABLE 7 Summary of Statistical Information (500 kg Test Fores) Vial OR S«SR SSA tow ‘Rw BOOHOW Test ack Soe W78 Are Yaad 1920 3471 SOOHBW est atock 30t25 e72 208 ‘age ‘ses tour 200 HOW Test ack 19771 Sioa Sa? 6721281 _1ha0 10.6 Bias—A¢ the time of the study, there was no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for this (est ‘method, therefore no statement on bias can be made. 11, Keywords 11.1 Brinell; hardness: mechanical test; metalsAlly & 10-08 ANNEXES Mandatory Information) AL. VERIFICATION OF BRINELL HARDNESS TESTING MACHINES, ALL Scope Al.Jel Annex Al specifies three types of procedures for verifying Brinell hardness testing machines: direet verification, indirect veritication, and daily verification. AL.1.2 Direct verification is a process for verifying that critical components of the hardness testing machine are within allowable tolerances by directly measuring the test forces, dentation measuring system, and inating cycle ‘A1.L3 Indirect verification is a process for periodically verifying the performance of the testing machine by means of standardized test blocks and indenters. AI.L4 The daily veriticaton isa process for monitoring the performance of the testing machine between indirect verifica- ions by means of standardized test blocks, 1.2 General Requirements A121 The testing machine shall be verified at specitic instances and at periodic intervals as speciied in Tale Al.1, and when circumstances occur that may afet the performance of the testing michine, ‘A122 The iemperature at the verification site shall be reasured with an instrument having an accuracy of at least 1£2,0°C of =3.6*F, It is recommended that the temperature be ‘monitored throughout the verification period, and significant temperature variations be recorded and reported. The tempera- ture a the verification site does not need to be measured for a daly verification TABLE A1.1 Verification Schedule for a Brnell Testing Mach soeaule Vea esta marine shew, or when aduamans, Imodicajons o ropa ae mace al cold ect Pe epaon of he tet oes of a meaaooeg ys ‘ibentnsng natin fal an nes volcan, eet serteton ‘Recomended evry 12 monte, ormere test eoses ‘Shall be no tnger han ever £8 orth, ‘ioe le machina aos (lth procedure ot ‘ines txt machin a moved, ony the procedve or ‘ving Si found eoraon te requles, (00 814). “Ts Soe lappy to aches tate Seid 0 be moved or at move rr fo aah Tet han has 29 Prewocay cerenstated hal sich a nave wit ot tect Se hordnes rau Fotoving a aoa vrioaton Diy Feuited each dy iba! harness teas ce me vercaion Recommended wherever naan oft te Banas patie teow 1.2.3 All instruments used to make measurements 12 quired by this Annex shall be ealibrated traveable to national standards when a sysien of traceability exists, except as noted otherwise 1.24 Indirect verification of the testing machine shall be performed at the location where i will be used, A125 Direct verification of newly manufactured or rebuilt testing machines may be performed at the plave of rmanufac- ture, rebuild, repair or the location of use, Nom A.1—Itis recommended thatthe calibration agency that is used to conduct the seiiestons of Brinell hardness tating. machines be scereditod to te requirements of ISO 1702S (or an equivalent) by 2a scerediing body recognized bythe Inlarational Laboratory Accretion (Cooperation JLAC) as operating ws the requirements of ISOMEC 170, AL3 Direct Verification AL3.1 A direct verification of the testi performed at specific i ‘The test forces, indentation measuring system: and testing eyele shall be verified as fullows, chine shall be Now: AL.2—Diret verification i a wseful wo! for determining the soazces of esr in Briel hardens eating machin. Its recommended that texiog machines undergo dict vrfeation periodically 1 make crt tht error it ne eounpooest of 1 ive not being et by ‘ror in another component, 13.2 Verification of the Test Forees—For each Brinell scale that will be used, the corresponding test foree shall be measured. The test forces shall be measured by means of Closs A elastic force measuring instrument having an accuracy ‘of at least 0.25 %, as described in Practice E 74. AL3.2.1 Make three measurements of each force, The forces shall be measured as they are applied during testing; however, longer dwell times are allowed when necessary (0 ‘enable the measuring device to obtain accurate measurements. ‘AL.3.2.2 Each test force F shall be aceurate to within 21 % of the nominal test force as defined in Table 3. 1.3.3 Verification of the Indextation Measuring System— ‘The measuring device used to determine the diameter of the xlentation ehall be verified at five intervals over the working, range by comparison with an accurate scale such a8 a sage micrometer. The accuracy ef the stage micrometer used to verify both Type A and Type B deviees shall be at least 0.005, mim for $ mm and 19 twa ball tests and at Teast 0,001 mn for 2.5 mm and 1 mm ball tests. ‘1.3311 For Type A devices, the error between the stage micrometer and the measuring device over each inierval shall i exceed the Type A minimum indicator resolution shown in Table 2 for the size of ball 10 be used.{fly & 10-08 AL33.2 For Type B devices, itis wot possible to determine ‘a quantitative error value. Position the measuring device such that the fies of the measuring device line-up with she lines of, the stage micrometer as elosaly as possible. If uny lines of the ‘measuring device do not, at least partially, overlap the eorre- sponding lines of the stage micrometer, then the measuring, device shall be adjusted. AL.3A Verification of the Testing Cycle—The testing ma- chine shall be verified to be capable of meeting the testing cycle tolerances specified in 7.5. Direct vertication of the testing cyele isto be verified by the testing machine manufac- turer a the time of manufacture, or when the testing machine is retaned to the manufacturer for repair, or when a problem ‘with the testing cycle is suspected. Verification af the testing eycle is recommended but not required as part of she direct verificaton at other times. ALS Direct Vorifcarion Faiture—M any of the direct ‘tjcations fail the specified requirements, the testing ma- chine shal not be used until itis adjusted or repaired. Ifthe test forces, indentation measuring system or testing cycle may have bbeen alfected by an adjustment or repair, the affected compo- nents shall be verilied again by a direct verification, ALA Indirect Verification AL4.1 An indirect verification of the testing machine shall be performed i accordance with the schedule given in Table ALI Indirect verifications may be required more frequeully than stateé in Table AI and should be based on the usage of the testing mmehine, ALA.2 ‘The testing machine shall be vetified for each test force und for each ball diameter that will be used prior to the next indirect verification, Hardness tests made using Brinell scales that have not been verified within the schedule given in Table A1.1 do not meet this standard. AL4.3 Standardized test blocks used for the indirect veri- fication shall meet the requirements of Annex Ad. Hardness measurements shall be made only on the calibrated surface of the test block. Nove 41.3 is econgnlzed that appropriate stunned test blocks se not avaiable fr all geomet shapes, materials. or hardness ges, A144 As-found Condrion—Wt is recommended that the aas-found condition of the esting machine be assessed as par of sap ingvect verllication: This is important for documenting the historical performance of the machine, This procedure should ‘be conducted by the verification agency prior to any cleaning, maintenance, adjustments, or repairs. ‘AL.4.4.1 When the as-found condition of the testing m chine i assessed, the assessment shall be mace using the user's indenter ball that is normally used with the testiag machine. Al.4.4.2 One or more standardized test blocks in the range of normal testing should be tested for each Brinell scale that will undergo indirect verification ‘Al.4.4.3 On each standardized test block, make a least wor Brine hardness tests disteibuted uniformly over the test sorface. Determine the repeatability R and the error £ (Eq 2 ‘and By 4) in the performance of the testing machine for each standardized test block that is measured, or ae wm ary AL444 The repeatability R and the error E should be “within the tolerances of Table Al.2. Ifthe ealculated values of the repeatability R or the error & fall outside the specified tolerances, this is an indication that the hardness tests made since the last indirect verification may be suspect. ALAS Cleaning and Maintenance—Perform cleaning and routine maintenance of the testing machine (when required) in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and instruc- tions, AIAG Indirect Verification Provedure—The indirect veri- ‘eation procedure is designed to verify that for all of the Brinell hardness scales 10 be used, each test force is being avcurately applied, each indenter-ball size is correct, and the measuring device is calibrated! correctly for the racge of indentation sizes that these scales produce, This is accom- plished by making Brinell hardness tests on test blocks hat hhave been calforated for appropriate Brinell hardness scales that employ each, of the eorresponding test forees and indenter ball sizes. AL4.6.1 ‘The calibrated values and Brinell hardness scales Gf the test blocks shall be chosen such Unt the following criteria are met: (2) Por each test force that will be used, at least one block shall be tested, (2) For each indenter-bal size that will be used. a Jeast two blocks slall be tested, one from a low hardness Jeval and one from ahigh hardness level. As best as practical, choose the Jow and high hardness levels from the range of commercially available test blocks, In cases where more than one of the Brinell hardness scales to be verified employs the same ball size, then the Brinell scale using the highest test force shall be verified ow a low hardness level block to produce the largest indentation size, and the Brinell scale using the lowest test force shall be verified on a high hardness level block to produce the smallest indentation size, The two extremes of indentation size will verify the capability of the measuring device. The blacks need not be from scales of the same force/diameter ratio. (3) Bact st block's calibrated Brinell seale is one of the scales 19 be verlied. (4) In cases where a Brinell seale should be verified using a low level and high level test block, but test blocks ae commercially available for only one fdness level, perforin the inditect verification using the one hlock, and directly verity, the measuring device according to Al.3, (5) In eases where no test blocks are commercially avail- ible for a specific Brinell scale that requires verification, direcily verify the force level employed by the scale according 1 AL.32 and the measuring device uccording t0 Al Example 1—A testing machine is to be veri HBW 10/3000 and HBW $1750 scales. At g minimum, two TABLE ALLZ Repeatability and Error of the Testing Machine Telernce 563 Wana Pomisabia Maxiwon Periscbie ‘Hardon peasy, roe fod sect tsoa E28) sal He = 195 a 3 125-< HOW = 225, 2s 2 Hoy » 336 - 3