1. What
famous
scientist
is
considered
the
father
of
modern
evolutionary
theory,
and
on
what
islands
did
he
come
up
with
his
ideas?
a. Darwin-
Galapagos
2. What
are
the
preserved
remains
of
ancient
animals,
and
how
do
they
help
lend
evidence
for
evolution?
a. Fossils-
show
structures
in
ancient
organisms
(ancestors)
3. What
is
natural
variation?
How
does
it
affect
evolution?
a. Differences
between
individuals-
can
lead
to
new
adaptations
4. What
is
an
adaptation?
How
are
they
perfected?
a. Any
physical
trait
that
helps
an
organism
survive,
perfected
through
natural
selection
5. How
is
the
process
of
survival
of
the
fittest
related
to
a
populations
environment?
a. As
the
habitat
changes,
only
the
organisms
that
can
survive
the
change
will
pass
their
genes
to
the
next
generation.
Over
time,
only
the
best
genes
remain
6. What
is
a
vestigial
structure?
Give
an
example.
a. A
structure
no
longer
used;
legs
on
a
skink
or
human
appendix
for
example
7. Give
an
example
of
a
homologous
structure
and
tell
how
it
shows
relatedness.
a. Bats
bones
are
similar
to
the
bones
of
the
human
hand
because
they
are
both
mammals.
8. Explain
how
natural
selection
could
have
produced
the
modern
giraffe
from
short-necked
ancestors.
a. Mutation
leads
to
individuals
with
longer
necks
leads
to
better
adapted
to
reach
their
food
leads
to
better
survival
leads
to
more
offspring
leads
to
only
long
necked
giraffes
remaining.
9. Do
you
think
protecting
an
endangered
species
is
upsetting
the
process
of
natural
selection?
Explain.
a. Opinion-
support
with
evidence
from
the
unit.
10. What
is
speciation?
a. Formation
of
new
species
from
a
common
ancestor
through
divergent
evolution
11. What
do
genetics
have
to
do
with
evolution
and
natural
selection?
a. Genes
code
for
adaptations
and
can
be
passed
on
to
the
next
generation
12. Why
might
it
be
bad
for
a
species
if
they
had
very
little
natural
variation
in
their
population?
a. If
a
major
habitat
change
occurred,
they
would
most
likely
go
extinct
if
all
are
the
same
and
none
can
survive
the
change.
13. The
larger
and
more
colorful
a
peacocks
tail
is,
the
more
likely
he
is
to
be
seen
and
eaten
by
predators.
How
do
you
think
this
tail
might
still
benefit
him?
a. Lady
peacocks
are
attracted
to
the
tail
and
will
mate
with
the
bird.
14. In
a
population
of
lizards,
the
smallest
and
largest
lizards
are
more
easily
preyed
upon
than
middle-sized
lizards.
What
will
most
likely
happen
in
future
generations
of
this
lizard?
a. Only
medium
lizards
will
remain
15. What
is
radioactive
dating
and
how
does
it
work?
a. Using
radioactive
isotopes
to
get
an
exact
age
of
a
fossil
16. What
is
a
half-life?
a. The
amount
of
time
it
takes
for
half
of
an
isotope
to
decay
17. What
is
relative
dating
and
how
does
it
work?
a. Estimating
the
age
of
a
fossil
compared
to
the
fossils
around
it.
Ex-
deeper
in
the
ground
=
older
18. Can
you
think
of
an
instance
where
two
different
species
would
have
to
evolve
together?
a. Predator
and
prey
19. What
is
macroevolution?
Why
is
it
the
most
controversial
part
of
evolution?
a. Large
changes
in
evolution
created
by
the
accumulation
of
smaller
changes.
Difficult
to
understand
because
the
resulting
species
are
so
incredibly
different,
i.e.
reptiles
to
birds.
20. The
half-life
of
carbon-14
is
5730
years.
What
is
the
age
of
a
fossil
containing
(25%)
the
amount
of
carbon-14?
a. 11,460
years
(b/c
two
half-lives
have
gone
by.)
21. What
is
taxonomy?
a. Study
of
classification
22. In
the
name
Rhizopus
nigricans,
Rhizopus
is
the
GENUS
and
nigricans
is
the
SPECIES_.
23. Give
the
classification
groups
in
order
starting
with
kingdom
and
working
your
way
down
to
species.
a. Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
24. What
are
the
five
kingdoms?
a. Plantae,
Animalia,
Fungi,
Monera,
Protista
25. What
does
a
phylogenetic
tree
show?
a. Relatedness
26. What
does
a
cladogram
show?
a. Shared
Characteristics
27. Draw
an
example
of
a
cladogram
here,
including
at
least
three
species
of
your
own
choosing.
a.
Fish
-------------------Turtles----------
--------
Humans
animals-------land
dwellers---------warmblooded
28. Name
two
kingdoms
that
include
ONLY
heterotrophs.
a. Fungi
and
Animalia
29. Why
do
biologists
use
Latin
when
naming
species?
a. Dead
language,
so
it
never
changes
30. Why
and
how
do
scientists
classify?
a. Anatomical,
behavioral,
and
genetic
similarities
31. What
characteristic
differentiates
the
Kingdom
Plantae
from
the
Kingdom
Fungi?
a. Plants
are
autotrophs,
fungi
are
heterotrophs
32. Which
kingdom
is
considered
a
junk
drawer
kingdom,
because
the
organisms
in
this
kingdom
dont
quite
fit
anywhere
else?
a. protista
33. Most
protists
are
multicellular/single
celled?
(Circle
one)
34. Most
fungi
are
photosynthetic/carnivorous/herbivorous/decomposers.
(Circle
One)
35. What
two
characteristics
are
shared
by
all
members
of
the
plant
kingdom?
a. Multicellular
and
autotrophic
36. What
two
characteristics
do
all
members
of
the
animal
kingdom
have
in
common?
a. Multicellular
and
heterotrophic