Improving Power Factor

:
 2

: Active power

Single phase 220 50 110

ZR
ZR=110 + J0
Or

Z = 110
I=E/Z
00 Z

I= 220 V /110 =2A

2 :

P =I2R =440 Watt

Active power ) .... (
) .( KVA
 4

( Active and reactive power : )

......

( )
) ( factor
P=I*V*cos

: ) ( Reactive power

) (
) ( No-Load
) ( / .

0 90 ) ( reactive power
)
( ) ( Q ) ( Volt-Amps-reactive ) ( VAr
Q=V*I*SIN
 5

( true power )

) ( P ) ( Watt

(: Apparent power )

) ( S ) :( VA

SVA=VV*IA

(: ) Power triangle

S Q

P I

]S [VA] =P2[W]+Q2[VAr
P ) ( S

) Power factor ( cos

cosine

]COS = P/S [W]/[VA

 6

) ( nameplate meters
1

Figure1

)(Power factor correction

) ( POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
) ( Apparent power
) ( COS .

COS=1 reactive current
active current .

reactive current

.

100kw
)Power factor ( cos=0.7
400V
P=I*V*cos
I=100000/400*0.7 =357.14A
cos=1
I=100000/400*1=250A

) (
.
 7

Active and reactive power in the power distribution system: without compensation

Active and reactive power in the power distribution system: with correction

]<^<xvj<l^j]<e<<

( ) -1
-2
-3
 8

-1

* no load reactive power
*
*

reactive power

 9

-2

automatic reactive power control relays

reactive power
.

automatic reactive power control relays cos
.

.

Figure2
) (12 cos
.
 10

3 ) (:

< <l^j]<<h^u<

<<
.

kvar

.3

Figure3

.
 11

< <lv<l^j]<<h^u

!.

)(German Electricity Association (VDEW

Approximate capacitor ratings for individual power factor correction of transformers

)(German Electricity Association (VDEW

short-circuit

 12

<<

< <l]^<l^j]<<h^u
<

%90 ) ( apparent power

) ( VDEW

1500 :

1000 %5

750 %15
 13

over current
.

) ( over load:

Ith =
IN =
=COS 1
=COS 2
 14

power factor COS 1
COS 2

COS = 0.7 Desired COS = 0.98 1000 kw

0.82*1000=820 kVAr
 15

<i^]~j]<^]<e<gu<l^j]<e<

: star delta

:


.
 16

) ( Controller
.
 17

Figure4

Figure5