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TESTCODE02120010
FORM TP 2010172 Signature
MAY/JUNE 2010

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL


ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
UNIT1

Paper 01
90 minutes
( )6 MAY 2010

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.


1. This test consists of 45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them.

2. In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet.

3. Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item you
are about to answer and decide which choice is best.

4. On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having
the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below.

Sample Item

The interaction of plants and animals with components


such as air and water describes
Sample Answer
(A) a biome
(B) a biosphere ^
(C) an ecosystem
(D) an ecological niche

The best answer to this item is "an ecosystem", so you should shade answer space (C).

5. If you want to change your answer, erase it completely before you fill in your new choice.
6. When you are told to begin, turn the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. If you
cannot answer an item, go on to the next one. You can come back to that item later. Your score
will be the total number of correct answers.

7. The use of silent electronic calculators is allowed.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright 2009 Caribbean Examinations Council.


All rights reserved.
-2-
The life existing in all of Earth's water, land ItemS refers to the pyramid of energy
and atmosphere is known as shown below.

(A) biome Ill


(B) biosphere
(C) community II
(D) population
I

Which of the following is NOT a limiting The organisms found at Level II can BEST
factor in the process of photosynthesis? be described as

(A) Oxygen (A) herbivores


(B) Water (B) omnivores
(C) Carbon dioxide (C) secondary consumers
(D) Available minerals (D) secondary producers

Which bacteria is responsible for the Egrets feeding on the parasites found on the
following conversion in the nitrogen cycle? backs of large animals such as cows
represent a symbiotic relationship called
Ammonium in soil > Nitrates in soil
(A) commensalism
(A) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (B) competition
(B) Denitrifying bacteria (C) mutualism
(C) Nitrifying bacteria (D) parasitism
(D) Rhizobium bacteria

Competition is important in an ecosystem


Which of the following flow charts BEST because it
illustrates the normal flow of energy within
an ecosystem? (A) decreases population size
(B) provides food in the ecosystem
(A) Primary producer primary (C) maintains the lowest carrying
consumer> secondary consumer capacity of the ecosystem
(B) Radiant energy > primary (D) promotes natural selection of the
producer primary consumer fittest individuals in the population
(C) Radiant energy - primary
consumer-* secondary consumer
(D) Radiant energy > herbivore >
omnivore

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE


02120010/CAPE2010
-3-
Items 8-9 refer to the population growth curve below.
A

Population
sze

Time

8. Which of the following CORRECTLY represents the growth phases in the graph?

PQ QR RS

(A) Exponential growth phase Lag phase Stationary phase


(B) Lag phase Stationary phase Exponential growth phase
(C) Stationary phase Exponential growth phase Lag phase
(D) Lag phase Exponential growth phase Stationary phase

The shape of the graph at ST indicates that there is

(A) an abundance of food


(B) an outbreak of diseases
(C) an increase in competition
(D) a limited amount of space

10. Which of the following combinations BEST 11. Decaying plant materials are converted to
describe a natural ecosystem? carbon dioxide by

I. It creates fertile soil. (A) aerobic respiration


II. It requires continual maintenance (B) anaerobic respiration
by humans. (C) carbonisation
III. It provides wildlife habitat. (D) photosynthesis
IV It consumes energy derived from
fossil fuels.

(A) I and II only


(B) I and III only
(C) II and IV only
(D) I, III and IV only
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12. An adaptation CANNOT be described as Items 14-15 refer to the graph below which
shows a typical growth curve for a population
(A) colouration that allows an organism of bacteria in a nutrient medium.
to hide from predators 9-,
(B) an organism mimicking a poisonous
or dangerous species 8-
m
(C) an organism's ability to fly to a O

warmer climate during winter wa


<D
(D) an organism that has been 'a
_o
genetically modified to increase its O
- 5-
chances of survival "C
O
-4-J
A
*T

I
Item 13 refers to the graph below, which 'o
shows how an ecosystem changes over time. u 2-

I !'
0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Time (days)

14. The MAXIMUM number ofbacterial colonies


at the end of the period when conditions are
ideal is

(A) 5.5
(B) 7.0
Time (months) (C) 7.5
(D) 8.0
13. The carrying capacity of the ecosystem is
LIKELY to occur when the population size
is 15. The growth rate over the first four days is

(A) 100 7_
(B) 250 (A)
4
(C) 330
(D) 400 1_
(B)
7
8_
(C) 4~

(D)
-5-
16. The LOWEST total fertility rates are 19. Which factor is MOST likely to influence
associated with populations where women population dynamics?
have
(A) Age
(A) no access to birth control (B) Culture
(B) some education and economic (C) Education
control (D) Religion
(C) no education and economic
control
(D) the most access to birth control 20. The diagram below represents a human
population.

17. The 'total fertility rate' refers to the Births (B) TOTAL Deaths CD)
Immigration (I) POPULATION Emigration CE)
(A) average number of children that
would be born to a woman over
her lifetime The equation which represents an unchanged
(B) number of children a couple must population over a period of time is
bear to replace themselves
(C) number of live births per one (A)
thousand people in the population (B) B+E=D+I
(D) number of children that a woman (C) B=D+E+I
will bear in one year. (D)

Item 18 refers to the graph below. 21. The TOTAL annual production of goods and
services within an economy is referred to as
the

(A) annual productivity index


(B) per capita product
(C) gross national product
(D) gross production index

22. The BEST meaning of "per capita fresh water


consumption" is the average amount of fresh
water consumed by
1750 1850 1950 2050 2150
Year (A) the population
18. From the human population growth curve, the (B) the population annually
area marked X represents (C) each member of the population
(D) each member of the population
(A) growth in a less developed region annually
(B) growth in a more developed region
(C) the world total
(D) a constant population growth
-6-

23. If the annual growth rate of Country X is 2%, Item 25 refers to the diagram below.
then the doubling time, in years, for Country
Xis
Water extraction
(A) 35 years
(B) 70 years
(C) 105 years
(D) 140 years

Item 24 refers to the graph below which Aquifer


shows the change in total fertility rate as the
percentage of educated women in a population
increases.

Total
fertility
rate
25. The diagram above illustrates the process
of

(A) desalination
(B) salt water intrusion
0 20 40 60 80 100 (C) salt water extrusion
Educated women (D) fresh "water intrusion
in population (%)

2 6. Urbanisation occurs because people move

24. The change in fertility rate is NOT likely to I. in order to access electricity and
be attributed to piped water
II. in order to access better educational
(A) educated women marrying when they opportunities
are older III. to find more available agricultural
(B) educated women having their first land
child when they are older IV. due to increased mechanisation in
(C) education increasing a woman's agriculture
independence
(D) education resulting in increased (A) I and II only
access to contraceptives (B) I and III only
(C) I, II and III only
(D) I, II and IV only
-7-

27. Which of the following factors will LEAST likely


affect the population growth rate of a country?

(A) Culture
(B) Migration
(C) Family planning programmes
(D) Social and economic status of women

Item 28 refers to the histogram below which


shows age structure expressed as percentage
of population for Country Z.

Male U Females

10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
Percentage of Population

28. Approximately what percentage of the


population in Country Z is UNDER age 15?

(A) 12
(B) 16
(C) 24
(D) 30
Items 29 - 30 refer to the graph below which shows the projected population
total up to 2100.

-H Developing countries

1950 2000 2050 2100


Time (years)

29. In 2025, the population in developing countries 30. The world's total population, in billions, for
is projected to surpass that of the developed the year 2000 was
countries by a factor of APPROXIMATELY
(A) 1.6
(A) 1.8 (B) 5.0
(B) 3.6 (Q 6.6
(C) 6.4 (D) 8.2
(D) 8.0

31. An example of a non-renewable natural 33. An Environmental Impact Assessment would


resource is NOT consider a description of

(A) fishery resource (A) all international environment


(B) forestry resource agreements
(C) natural gas (B) measures to reduce negative impact
(D) solar energy (C) the proposed proj ect
(D) the proj ect area of influence
3 2. An example of consumptive use of forest is

(A) agroforestry
(B) bioprospecting
(C) ecotourism
(D) logging
-9-

34. Which of the following BEST describes the 37. Which of the following is a traditional
change in water quality due to contamination indigenous agricultural practice?
or pollution so that it is unsuitable for other
desirable services? (A) Contour farming
(B) Crop rotation
(A) Degeneration (C) Multiple cropping
(B) Degradation (D) Slash and bum
(C) Withdrawal
(D) Regeneration
38. Which of the following BEST defines the
term 'bioprospecting'?
35. Which of the following is NOT an example
of a designated conservation area? I. The collection of small quantities of
plant species for medicinal
(A) Lake purposes
(B) National park II. The collection of quantities of plant
(C) Nature reserve and animal species for economic
(D) Rivers purposes
III. The collection of small quantities of
plant and animal species for
36. Generally, the BEST long term method of genetic research
preventing extinction is by
(A) I only
(A) breeding endangered species in (B) I and III only
captivity (C) II and III only
(B) protecting the habitats of endangered (D) I, II, III
species
(C) providing food to endangered species
in the wild
(D) removing predators from areas that
contain endangered species

Item 39 refers to the table below which shows a management function for each of four categories of
protected areas.

Category of Protected Management Function


Area
I Strict nature reserve Managed only for science
II National park Managed for ecosystem
protection and recreation
III Managed resource Managed mainly for conservation
protected area through management intervention
IV Natural monument Managed mainly for conservation
of specific natural features
39. The category of protected area that is INCORRECTLY matched to the given management function is

(A) I
(B) II
(C) III
(D) IV
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40. Which of the following is NOT an 41. Measures used in the conservation of natural
environmental impact of mining for gold in resources include
the interior of Guyana?
I. sustainable yield management
(A) Airpollution II. use of appropriate technology
(B) Enrichment of waterways III. reduction and minimization of wastes
(C) Ground water contamination IV. physical conversion of vegetation and
(D) Soil erosion land

(A) I and III only


(B) II and IV only
(C) III and IV only
(D) I, II and III only

42. Introducing exotic species into the ecosystem


of a country may result in

I. displacement of native species


II. death of native species
III. no change in the diversity of species

(A) I only
(B) III only
(Q I and II only
(D) I, II and III
- 11-
Items 43 - 45 refer to the graph below which shows the production of marine fish in a Caribbean
country over the period 1950 to 2000.

10000

9000
8000
u
o
o
13

c
'i
S

1000

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010


Year
43. The MOST significant change in fish 44. The first decline in fish production was
production occurred over the period observed over the period

(A) 1950-1960 (A) 1960-1970


(B) 1970-1980 (B) 1960-1980
(Q 1980-1990 (C) 1964-1970
(D) 1990-2000 (D) 1964-1976

45. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

(A) The annual marine fish production for the


period 1950 to 2000 was at its maximum in
1964.
(B) The annual marine fish production in 1990 was
50% of the maximum production.
(C) In 2000, the annual marine fish production
was 500 tonnes below the annual production
in 1950.
(D) For the period 1980 to 2000, the marine fish
production declined at an average rate of
200 tonnes annually.

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

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