BLOCK DIAGRAM REPRESNTATION

Blocks in Cascade form

Where G=C/E (here) is a gain/ transfer function of system components

Blocks in Parallel (Forward) form

Blocks in Canonical (feedback) form

H=1, the system is called unity feedback system, in which primary feedback b is identically
equal to controlled output c.
To prove:

C=GE =G(R B) =G(R HC)

C=GR GHC
CGHC=GR
C(1GH)=GR
C/R=G/(1GH)

E=R B =R CH
E =R GEH
EGEH=R
E(1GH)=R
E/R=1/(1GH)

B=HC =HGE =GH(R B)

B=GHR GHB
BGHB=GHR
B(1GH)=GHR
B/R=GH/(1GH)
Example: Determine for the system shown in Block diagram
1) Open loop transfer function
2) Control ratio
3) Error ratio
4) Primary Feedback ratio
5) Characteristic equation
BLOCK DIAGRAM TRANSFORMATIONS
Example: Reduce the Block diagram to its canonical form

Solution:

Step1: cascade form

Step2: Parallel form

Step3: Canonical form

Step4:

i.e. Required Canonical form

Example 2: determine closed loop Transfer Function Y(s)/R(s)

Step 1: Moving Takeoff point beyond the Block (G4)

Step 2: Use cascade & canonical transformations

Step3: Use cascade & canonical transformations

Simplify & find transfer function

1)

Solution:

2)

Solution
3)

Solution:
4)

Solution:

i.e. Unity feedback

5)
Solution:

Example: Transfer function of DC Motor

a) Field current control DC motor

Armature controlled DC motor:
 Home Assignment 2

1) Reduce to open loop form

2) Reduce to Canonical form

3) Determine C/R

4)
For the armature controlled DC motor, use the following parameter values:
R = armature resistance = 1
L = armature inductance = 0.5 H
Km = motor-torque constant = 10 N-m/A
Kb = back emf constant = 0.1 V-s/rad
J = moment of inertia of the motor = 2 kg-m2
b = viscous-friction coefficient of the motor = 0.5 N-m-s/rad

Determine the transfer function (s)/aV(s). By making the use of poles & zeroes
check its stability.
 Second order system response
Consider the 2nd order Mechanical (rotational) system shown in figure

The transfer function is

Step response of 2nd order System
Since: