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CKE/PT/Chapter5/004.

0908

Guidelines for Schematic Design

1.0 Labeling of Distribution Board

CKE adopted the following labeling scheme:

DB E 2 A LR

Red Phase (For single phase DB only)

Lighting (L) / Socket (S) /Power (P) / Mechanical (M)

Location (Zone / Wing)

Level (2 for second floor)

Essential (for Essential supply)

Example:

A) DB Essential (Power)

1 Single phase DB at level 1 zone A yellow phase - DB E1AP Y

2 Three phase DB at level 2 - DB E2P

B) DB Normal, without Essential supply (Lighting)

1 Single phase DB at level 1 - DB 1L R

2 Three phase DB at level 2 zone B - DB 2BL

2.0 Information Required to be Included in Schematic Drawing

A) Total Connected Load (TCL).

1 Total Connected Load is the sum of all the designed electrical loads in
particular installations. (Please refer to appendix 1)

2 To be written in the schematic drawing as TCL Watts (Amps). e.g. 4,434W


(21.74A).

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B) Diversity Factor (DF).

1 Diversity Factor (DF) is a factor between Maximum Demand and Total


Connected Load.

2 Normally, DF is just a factor which is obtained from experience and past


project information. It is also the possibility of how certain equipments to be
used in the installations.

3 It differs according to function and the usage of the equipment in the system.
(Refer to Appendix 2).

4 As a norm, DF for lamps is 0.8 and for socket outlets is 0.4. (Depend on the
usage of the building)

C) Maximun Demand (MD).

1 Not all electrical appliances in an installation been used at the same time.
Therefore, Maximum Demand (MD) is the total load used at that particular
instant of time.

2 MD and DF must be estimated so as not to be overdesign or underdesign.

3 It may be less or equal to TCL.

4 To be written in the schematic drawing as MD Watts (Amps). e.g. 4,000W


(19.6 A).

5 The formula to calculate the MD is :

MD = TCL x DF

D) Protective Current Device / Incoming Switch Gears

1 Refer below to determine the size:

a. For DB, it is based on TCL.

b. For SSB and MSB there are two options depending on the
technicality and economic as:

i. Based on MD + 30% (future)


ii. Based on TCL.

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3.0 Practical Example.

Design and Drawing of Distribution Board For Lightings and Fans .

Please refer to Schematic Drawing 1;

1 The load requirement for every circuit of lighting and fan must be less than
1000 watts or not more than 10 points.

2 Every lighting and fan circuit uses 6A rated MCB.

For light fitting with higher wattage, DE should size the MCB based on
calculated wattage.

3 To determine the DB ways.

Add another 20% to the required ways designed, i.e.


(R) = 8 + 20% (1.2) = 9.2 ways
(Y) = 8 + 20% (1.2) = 9.2 ways
(B) = 8 + 20% (1.2) = 9.2 ways

Therefore the number of ways required is (3 phase, 10 way DB). Normally


the selection will be an even number.

4 To determine the MCCB rating/ Switch gear size.

From schematic drawing 1, it shows :

Total TCL = 15.49kW (25.35A)

Therefore the MCCB rating based on TCL will be 40A TPN 10kA.

DF = 0.8

MD = TCL x DF
= 15.49kW x 0.8
= 12.39kW (20.28A)

This MD will be used to size the SSB later.

5 The RCCB has been standardized as 63A with 100mA sensitivity for
lighting and fan DB.

6 To determine the cable size from MCB to final circuit.

For lighting and fan, the final circuit size will be 1.5mm2 PVC cable. (Up to
80m radius)

For lamp with higher wattage, DE should calculate the lamp wattage and
thus the required cable size.

7 Name the DB according to the location of the DB.

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Schematic Drawing 1

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4.0 Design and Drawing of Distribution Board for Switch Socket Outlet (S/S/O).

Refer to Schematic Drawing 2;

1 Every radial circuit must not exceed 1500 watts with a maximum of 6
numbers of 13A outlets. As a norm, each room is equipped with at lea st 2
numbers of s/s/o for general usage and if there are computer, additional 2
socket outlet will be allocated for each computer.

2 Sizing of MCB

Normally the MCB used are 20A or 32A.


It will be depending on the type of circuit used:
Ring circuit 32A (not more than 10 numbers of S/S/O).
Radial circuit 20A (not more than 2 numbers of S/S/O).
Radial circuit 32A (not more than 6 numbers of S/S/O).

3 To determine the number of ways in a DB.

Add 20% to the circuit used i.e.


(R) = 5 + 20% (1) = 6 ways
(Y) = 5 + 20% (1) = 6 ways
(B) = 5 + 20% (1) = 6 ways

Therefore the number of ways used will be 6 ways 3 phase. The number of
ways is normally an even number.

4 To determine the MCCB rating/ Suis Gear.

From schematic drawing 2, it shows that:

Total TCL = 19.5kW (31.9A)

Therefore based on TCL, the MCB selected will be rated at 40A TPN 10
kA.

DF = 0.5

MD = TCL x DF
= 19.5kW x 0.5
= 9.75kW (16.0A)

This MD will be used to size the SSB later.

5 To determine the RCCB sensitivity

Required to have 2 different DB for S/S/O.

a) DB used for portable equipment

DB used for portable equipment, the RCCB sensitivity used will be


30mA in accordance with Electricity Regulation 1994 Reg. 36 (3).

b) DB used for computer.

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DB for computer load, the RCCB sensitivity chosen will be based


on the number of computer used. As a rule of thumb, the leakage
current for a computer (monitor+CPU+printer) is estimated to be
1.5mA to 3mA. In a worst case scenario, 30mA RCCB can only
cater 10 numbers of computer before it trips. Therefore DE is
suppose to calculate the quantity of computer used and select the
RCCB for that particular DB. Normally the next size used will be
100mA sensitivity instead of 30mA. This selection is in acordance
to Electricity Regulation 1994 Reg. 36 (4).

Maximum rated current for the RCCB will be 63A.

6 DB for computer load is required to use SPD Class II type B. Refer to


Chapter 17 SPD information.

7 To determine the cable size for S/S/O circuit.

For radial circuit (20A MCB), 2.5 mm PVC cable is used.


For radial circuit (32A MCB), 4 mm PVC cable is used.
For ring circuit, 2.5 mm PVC cable is used.

8 Name the DB according to the location of the DB.

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Schematic Drawing 2

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5.0 Design and Drawing of Distribution Board for other loads.

Please refer to Schematic Drawing 3;

1 Separate DB will be design for mechanical loads e.g. Air-cond, pumps etc.

2 To determine the MCB rating.

For air-cond (window or split unit) with compressor more than 2 h.p. the
MCB rating used will be 32A.

Water heater also uses the same MCB rating with RCBO.

For other load the size is based on the actual load.

3 Usually we use DF = 1 for mechanical load but DE is requested to know


the operation of this mechanical load before applying the DF.

4 To determine the number of ways for the DB is the same as determining


DB way for lighting and S/S/O.

5 To determine the MCCB rating / Switch Gear.

From schematic drawing 3, we find that:

Total TCL = 40.33kW (66.0A)

Therefore based on TCL MCCB rating will be 100A TPN

DF =1

MD = TCL x DF
= 40.33kW x 1
= 40.33kW (66.0A)

This MD will be used to size the SSB later.

6 To determine the RCCB sensitivity

For circuit which have mechanical load eq. Compressor, motor etc. the
RCCB sensitivity will be 100mA for 1 phase and Earth Leakage Relay
(ELR) for 3 phase.

For water heater the RCCB sensitivity is 10mA.

7 To size the cable used from MCB to the final circuit.

It is required to calculate in the requirement submitted by Mechanical


Engineering Branch.

For Aircond (window or split unit) with compressor not more than 2 h.p,
cable used will be 4 mm PVC and equipment used more than 3 h.p, cable

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used will be 6 mm (depending on the volt drop, motor type and distance
etc).

Please refer to IEE 16th. Edition Table 9D1.

8 Name the DB according to the location of the DB.

Schematic Drawing 3

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Appendix 1: TCL Guide

Updated: 15.5.2006

NO DESCRIPTION ESTIMATED LOAD

1 18W Fluorescent 24W


2 36W Fluorescent 42W
3 60W Tungsten 60W
4 100W Tungsten 100W
5 1 8W (F) EL 10W
6 2 8W (F) LAMPU K SIGN 20W
7 9W PLC 15W
8 11W PLC 17W
9 13W PLC 19W
10 18W PLC 24W
11 9W PLCE 10W
12 11W PLCE 12W
13 13W PLCE 14W
14 18W PLCE 20W
15 50W Halogen Bulb 50W
16 70W Metal Halide/SON 80W
17 150W Metal Halide/SON 170W
18 250W Metal Halide/SON 280W
19 400W Metal Halide/SON 440W
20 Obstruction Light 100W
21 Electric Bell Ignore
22 2 8W (F) Insect Killer 20W
23 1500mm Ceiling Fan 80W
24 1200mm Ceiling Fan 60W
25 400mm Wall Fan 60W
26 500mm Wall Fan 80W
27 400mm Automatic Fan 80W
28 200mm Exhaust Fan 15W
29 250mm Exhaust Fan 25W
30 300mm Exhaust Fan 40W
31 13A 3P Switched Socket Outlet 250W
32 15A Switched Socket Outlet 500W
33 15A SPN Isolator Motor H.P. rating
34 20A SPN Isolator Motor H.P. rating
35 30A SPN Isolator Motor H.P. rating

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Appendix 1: TCL Guide (continuation)

BIL BUTIRAN ANGGARAN BEBAN

33 15A SPN Isolator Motor H.P. rating


34 20A SPN Isolator Motor H.P. rating
35 30A SPN Isolator Motor H.P. rating
36 15A TPN Isolator Motor H.P. rating
37 20A TPN Isolator Motor H.P. rating
38 30A TPN Isolator Motor H.P. rating
39 45A TPN Isolator Motor H.P. rating
40 60A TPN Isolator Motor H.P. rating
41 1 HP Air-Cond 746W
42 1.5 HP Air-Cond 1119W
43 2 HP Air-Cond 1492W
44 2.5 HP Air-Cond 1865W
45 3 HP Air-Cond 2238W
46 Water Heater 3Kw
47 Cooker 7.5Kw
48 Booster Pump Motor H.P. rating
49 Fire Fighting Pump Motor H.P. rating
50 Fire Fighting Panel 250W
51 CO2 Point 500W
52 SATS System 500W
53 HI KLEEN System Motor H.P. rating

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Appendix 2: Diversity Factor (DF)

Updated: 21st March 2008

Health Hostel Dining Lab


Building School Mosque Hall Hall/ Office Quarters
Non- Canteen
Essential School Executive Computer Science
Essential

Lamp/ Fan 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

13A S/S/O 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5

15A S/S/O 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

AC Motor Pump 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 1

Outdoor Lighting 1 1 1 1 - - - - 1 1 1 1

Water Heater - - - - - - 1 1 - - - 1

Cooker Unit 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - -

Isolator 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - -

Note: * DF may be relook based on the day and night profile usage.

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