Statistics Formula 2=V ( X )= x 2 f ( x ) 2

n1 n2 n1 n2 nk1 nk 27. x
1. 2.
n
Pr =P ( n ,r ) =Pr =n ! / ( nr ) ! E [ h ( X ) ]= h ( x ) f ( x )
3. n 28. x

4.

n
r ()
C r=C ( n ,r )= n =C nr =n !/ [ r ! ( nr ) ! ] 29.
f ( x i )=1 /n

30. =E ( X )=( b+ a ) /2
n!
5. ( n
=
)
n1 , n2 , ,n r n1 ! n2 ! n r ! 6.
31. 2= [ ( ba+1 )21 ] /12

( n1 ) ! f ( x )= n p x ( 1 p ) , x=0, 1, , n
=
P 32. ()
x
n x

P ( A )=h /n 33. =E ( X )=np

7.
P ( A )=P ( A 1 ) + P ( A 2 ) ++ P ( A n ) 34. 2=V ( X )=np ( 1 p )
8.

9. P ( A B )=P ( A ) + P ( B )P ( A B ) 35. f ( x )=[ eT ( T )x ] / x ! , x=0, 1,2,

10. P ( A B )=P ( A ) + P ( B ) 36. =E ( X )=T

11. 2=V ( X )=T
37.
P ( A B C )=P ( A ) + P ( B ) + P ( C )P ( A B )P ( A C ) P ( B C ) + P ( A BC )
x

P ( A )+ P ( A ' )=1 38. F ( x )=P ( X x )= f ( u ) du

12.

13. P ( AB )=P ( A )

39. =E ( X )= xf ( x ) dx
14. P ( BA )=P ( B )

15. P ( A B ) =P ( A ) P ( B A )
=V ( X )= ( x )2 f ( x ) dx
2
40.
16. P ( A B ) =P ( A ) P ( B )

17.
=V ( X )= x 2 f ( x ) dx 2
2
P ( A 1 A 2 A3 A k )=P ( A 1 ) P ( A 2 A1 ) P ( A 3 A1 A41.
2 ) P ( A k A 1 A
2 A k1 )

18.

P ( A 1 A 2 A3 A k )=P ( A 1 ) P ( A 2 ) P ( A3 ) P ( Ak ) 42. E [ h ( X ) ]= h ( x ) f ( x ) dx

19.
P ( B ) =P ( B E1 ) + P ( B E2 ) ++ P ( B Ek ) f ( x )=1/ ( ba ) , a x b
43.
20.
2=V ( X )=( ba )2 /12
P ( B ) =P ( BE1 ) P ( E 1) + P ( BE2 ) P ( E 2) + + P ( BEk ) P44.
( Ek )
45. f XY ( x , y )=P ( X=x , Y = y )
21.
P ( BE1 ) P ( E1 ) f X ( x ) = f XY ( x , y )
P ( E1B )= 46. P E
P ( BE1 ) P ( E1 ) + P ( BE2 ) P ( E2 ) ++ P ( BE k) ( k)
y

n f Y ( y )= f XY ( x , y )
47.
22. R ( t ) = R k ( t ) 23.
x

k=1
f X ( x ) = f XY ( x , y ) dy
n 48.
R ( t ) =1 [ 1Rk ( t ) ] y

k=1
f Y ( y )= f XY ( x , y ) dx
F ( x )=P ( X x )= f ( x i ) 49. x
24. x i x
b

=E ( X )= xf ( x ) 50. P ( a< X <b )= f X ( x ) dx

25. x a

b
2=V ( X )=E [ ( X )2 ]= ( x )2 f ( x )
26. x 51. P ( a< X <b )= f XY ( x , y ) dy dx
a
 f Y x ( y )=f XY ( x , y ) / f X ( x ) , f X ( x ) >0 X =
52. 81.

53. f X y ( x ) =f XY ( x , y ) /f Y ( y ) , f Y ( y ) >0
82. 2X = 2 /n

54. f XY ( x , y )=f X ( x ) f Y ( y )
X
83. Z=
/n
55. E [ h ( X ,Y ) ] = h ( x , y ) f XY ( x , y ) , X, Y

discrete
( X 1 X 2) ( 1 2 )
Z=
84.
56. E [ h ( X ,Y ) ] = h ( x , y ) f XY ( x , y ) dx dy , X, Y ( /n )+( /n )
2
1 1
2
2 2

continuous 85. : x z /2 / n
57.
2
cov ( X ,Y )= XY =E [ ( X x )( Y y ) ] = ( x x ) ( y y ) f XYn=
86.
( x , [ y( z) / 2 ) / E ]
x y

58. 87. u= x + z / n

cov ( X ,Y )= XY =E [ ( X x )( Y y ) ] = ( x x ) ( y 88. z / n=l
y ) f XY ( x , y ) dx dy

89. : x z /2 s / n
59. XY =cov ( X ,Y ) / V ( X ) V (Y )= XY / ( X Y )
90. : x t /2 ,n 1 s / n

60. R=H L 61. x = x /n v =n1

91.
n

( x n wn ) 92. [ ( n1 ) s2 ] / 2 /2 , n1 2 [ ( n1 ) s2 ] / 21 /2 , n1
= x /N x w = i=1 n
62. 63. 93. [ ( n1 ) s2 ] / 2 , n1 2
wn
i=1
94. 2 [ ( n1 ) s 2 ] / 21 ,n1
64.
MAD= |x ix|/n
95. ^p= X /n
2 2
65. s = ( x ix ) / ( n1 ) p: ^p z /2 [ ^p ( 1 ^p ) ] /n
96.
s =[ n x i ( x i ) ] / [ n ( n1 ) ] 67.
2 2 2
66. s= s2 n=[ z 2 /2 p (1 p ) ] / E2
97.
2 2
68. = ( X i ) / N n=[ z 2 /2 ( 0.25 ) ] / E2
98.

69. = 2 ^pz [ ^p ( 1 ^p ) ] /n p
99.
70. k = (quart/4)*(n-1)+1
71. Output = a[k]+(f*(a[k+1]-a[k])) 100. p ^p + z [ ^p ( 1 ^p ) ] /n
72.
c v = /
z2 /2

2
p^ ( 1 ^p ) z /2
c^ v =s / x ^p + z/ 2 + 2
73. 101. 2n n 4n
p:
Sk 1=( x ^x ) /s 1+ z 2 / 2 /n
74.
S k 2=3 ( x ~
x ) /s X 0
X 0
75. 102. Z0= 103. T0=
/ n S / n
n 3
x i x
76. Sk =
n

( n1 ) ( n2 ) i=1 s ( ) 104. 20= [ ( n1 ) S 2 ] / 20

77. 105. Z 0 =( X n p 0 ) / n p 0 ( 1 p 0 )
n 4 2
n ( n+1 ) x i x 3 ( n1 )
K=
( n1 )( n2 ) ( n3 ) i=1 s
( )
( n2 ) ( n3 )
( x )
2 Critical values of z
2 1 2

78. f ( x )=N ( , )= e 2
,< x < Type of

2
Test
0.10 0.05 0.02 0.01
5
79. ( z )=P ( Z z ) One- 1.2 1.6 1.9 2.3
tailed 8 45 6 3
80. Z =( X ) /
Two- 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.5
 2
tailed 45 6 3 75 r c
( Oij E ij )
=
2
128. 0
E ij
i=1 j=1
( X 1 X 2 ) 0
Z0=
106. v =( r1 ) ( c1 )
( /n )+( /n )
2
1 1
2
2 2 129.

130. ^y = ^ 0 + ^ 1 x
107. : x x z ( /n ) + ( /n )
1 2 1 2 /2
2
1 1
2
2 2
n n n

108. n=[ ( z / 2 ) / E ] ( +
2 2
1
2
2 )
^ 1=
n x i y i
i =1
( )( ) xi yi
i=1 i=1
131. n n 2

109. 12 x 1 x 2 + z ( 21 /n1 ) + ( 22 /n2 ) n x i 2

i=1
( ) i=1
xi

110. x 1 x 2z ( /n ) +( /n )
2
1 1
2
2 2 1 2 n

( xi x )( yi y )
( X 1 X 2 ) 0 ^ 1= i=1
111.
T0= 132. n
S p ( 1/n1 ) + ( 1 /n 2 )
( x i x )2
i=1

112.
v =n1 +n22
^ 1= S xy
S =[ ( n11 ) S + ( n 21 ) S ] / [ n1 +n22 ]
2 2 2
133. S xx
113. p 1 2

n n
12 : x1 x2 t /2 ,n +n 2 S p ( 1/n1 ) + ( 1/n2 )
114. 1 2
y i ^ 1 x i
134. ^ 0= i=1 i=1

( X 1 X 2 ) 0 n
T 0 =
115.
( S 21 /n1 )+( S22 /n 2) 135.
^ 0= y ^ 1 x
2
( s21 /n1 + s22 / n2 ) n
S xx = ( x ix )
2
v=
116. 136.
[ ( s21 /n1 )2 /( n11 ) ]+[ ( s22 /n 2)2 / ( n21 ) ] i=1

117. 12 : x1 x2 t /2 , v ( s /n )+( s /n ) 2
1 1
2
2 2 137. S yy = ( y i y )2
i=1

118.
f 1 , u ,v =1 /f , v, u n

138. S xy = ( x ix ) ( y i y )
119. F0 =s 21 /s 22 i=1

120. S xy
r=
( s21 / s22 ) f 1 / 2, n 1,n 1 21 / 22 ( s 21 /s 22 ) f /2 , n 1, n 1 139. S xx S yy
2 1 2 1

Z0=
^ 1 P
P ^2
r=
dxdy
140. ( sdx )( sdy )( n1 )
121.
^
P ( 1 ^
P)
1 1
+
n1 n2 ( ) 141. dx=x x

122.
^p1=X 1 /n 1 dy= y y
142.
^p2=X 2 /n 2 143. sdx =sample standard deviation of x
123.
sdy =sample standard deviation of y

^p1 ( 1 ^p1 ) ^p 2 ( 1 ^p 2) 144.

124. p1 p2 : ^p 1 ^p 2 z / 2 +
n1 n2 One-Way ANOVA
145.
X +X a n a n 2
y
^
P= 1 2 S S T = ( y ij y ) = y ij
2 2
125. n1 +n2 N
i=1 j =1 i=1 j=1

2
k
( OiE i ) 146.
=
2
a a 2 2
126. 0
Ei y i y
i=1 S S Treatments=n ( y i y )2=
i=1 i=1 n N
127. v =k p1
147.
 a n 152.
S S E = ( y ij y i ) 2 b
y 2 j y 2
i=1 j=1 S S B =
j=1 an abn
148.
S S T =S STreatments + S S E
153.
149. a b 2
y ij y
2

S STreatments / ( a1 ) M STreatments S S AB= S S A S S B

F0 = = i=1 j=1 n abn
S S E / [ a ( n1 ) ] M SE

154.
S S E =S S T S S AB S S AS S B
Two-Way ANOVA
150.
155.
F0 =M S A / M S E
a b n 2
2 y
S S T = y ijk F0 =M S B / M S E
i=1 j =1 k=1 abn 156.

151. 157.
F0 =M S AB / M S E
a
y 2i y 2
S S A=
i=1 bn abn