HISTOLOGY

PRACTICALS 2
midterms 2nd sem
11 April 2015 (Saturday)
Dra Ayochok: Dr. Cinio
Large Intestine
Female Reproductive System Appendix
Ovary (Refer to Reviewer for 1st Rectum
pracs )
Recto-anal Junction
Fallopian Tube
Uterus Associated Organs with the
Cervix Uteri Digestive System
Placenta Liver
Vagina Male Reproductive System
Testis
Epididymis
Spermatic Cord
Seminal Vescicle
Prostate Gland
Penis
A.K.A. Oviduct/uterine tube

MUCOSA
Lining epithelium
Lamina Propria
MUCOSAL FOLDS: Largest and most numerous in the ampulla,
infundibulum
LINING Epithelium: Simple columnar with 2 cell types
1. Ciliated columnar cells
Fxn: Most of cells that beat towards the uterus, thus aiding in egg transport
2. Peg cells: Shorter, mucus-secreting
Fxn: Secretions helps transport the ovum and hinders bacterial access to
peritoneal cavity

MUSCULARIS: ICOL smooth muscle layers; contractions move the ovum

toward the uterus

SEROSA: Outer covering of visceral peritoneum

 Lamina Propria

Inner Circular Muscles

Outer Longitudinal Muscles

Peg Cells
 Pear-shaped muscular organ in pelvic cavity
Site of embryonic implantation and development

Wall: 3 layers
Endometrium innermost layer
Myometrium thickest layer
Serosa or Adventitia outermost layer
 shedding of stratum functionale
 COMPACT Endometrial
Stroma
Glands lengthen and
remain straight
(thickening of the
endometrium, glands
are straight)
 EDEMATOUS endometrial stroma
Glands: highly coiled, saw-tooth appearance
 Menstrual Proliferative (Follicular) Secretory (Luteal)

Day 1 to Day 3-5 Days 4 to 6 - day 14 Days 15 to 28 of cycle

Ischemia, degeneration, Under influence of Progesterone: causes
shedding of stratum estrogen: endometrium
functionale regenerates from basale
Fragments of functionale Functionale thickens,
tissue along with blood glands lengthen and
and uterine fluid are remain straight
discharged through (thickening of the
vagina as menstrual fluid endometrium, glands
are straight)
Endometrial stroma:
described as compact
*Follicular -> refers to
ovary
*Proliferative -> refers to
endometrium
Edema of lamina Propria
and endometrial
thickening
Endometrial stroma:
described as edematous
Glands: highly coiled,
saw-tooth appearance
Day 20: prepared to
receive implanting
embryo
Without implantation:
cycle begins
 Inferior part of uterus
External surface bulges into vaginal canal
Wall:
Mainly dense connective tissue
Small amount of smooth muscle
Near the Endocervix/Uterus
Epithelium: tall columnar
Branched cervical glands:
Mucous-secreting
penetrate lamina propia
Transitional Zone between Endocervix and External Outer Surface:
Most common site of cancer origin in the cervix
Junction between the endocervix and ectocervix:
area where Paps smear is done
Epithelium shifts from simple columnar to non-keratinized
stratified squamous
External Outer Surface/ Ectocervix:
Switch to epithelial type: from tall columnar to stratified
squamous epithelium
Does NOT shed during menstruation
 Cervical Glands
(Branched Tubular)
 Has embryonic (corpus frondosum) and extraembryonic (decidua
basalis) components
Steps in placental development (placentation)
Syncytiotroph: surrounds small islands of endometrium that
contain blood vessels
Enzymes lyse maternal tissue, leaving lacunae and rupturing blood
vessels
Blood vessels fill syncytiotroph-lined lacunae
Chorionic villi grow into these lacunae
 Epithelium of the
amnion

CT

Chorion Frondosum

Maternal Blood
Vessels
Syncytiotrophoblast

Cytotrophoblast
 Extends from the cervix to the external genitalia
Walls: NO glands
Adventitia- dense CT rich in elastic fibers; extensive nerve plexus (nerve fiber
bundles, cluster of neurons)
3 layers: Mucosa, Muscularis, Adventitia
Clue cells: indicative of bacterial vaginosis
Glycogen is stained within cytoplasm, if without, indicative of malignancy or
dysplasia

MUCOSA
Epithelium: Stratified squamous (nonkeratinized), rich in glycogen, elastic
fiber-rich
Lamina Propria
Low pH: lactic acid accumulation due to bacterial metabolism of
glycogen
Extensive capillary plexus in lamina Propria: fluid into lumen during
sexual arousal.
MUSCULARIS
Mainly longitudinal smooth muscle, some circular fibers near mucosa
ADVENTITIA
Dense connective tissue rich in elastic fibers
Extensive venous plexus, nerve fiber bundles, clusters of neurons
 Non-keratinized
Stratified Squamous
Epithelium

Mucosa

Muscularis

Adventitia
Higher magnification of the MUCOSA.

Non-keratinized
Stratified Squamous
Epithelium
 Consist of
two testes suspended in the scrotum
System of intratesticular and extratesticular genital ducts
Associated glands
Male copulatory organ
Penis

Testes are responsible for the formation of male gametes known

as spermatozoa as well as for the synthesis, storage and release
of the male sex hormone, testosterone
 Glands associated with male reproductive system
Paired seminal vesicles
Single Prostate Gland
Singe Bulbourethral glands of Cowper

These glands form the non-cellular portion of semen (spermatozoa

suspended in the secretions of the accessory glands), which not only
nourishes the spermatozoa but also provides a fluid vehicle for their
delivery into the female reproductive tract

The penis has a dual function:

Deliver semen to female reproductive tract during copulation
Serves as the conduit for urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body
 from retroperitoneal region (abdominal wall is
mentioned because of
Hormone production (Testosterone)
Spermatozoa

Structures seen:
Tunica Albuginea
Tunica Vasculosa
Seminiferous Tubules
Spermatogonia
Spermatocytes
Spermatids
Interstitial Cells of Leydig
From lecture:
SPERMATOGENESIS
primitive germ cell: spermatogonia(um)
Give rise to:
1. Stem Cell
2. Type A spermatogonia (more pale-staining, ovoid nuclei)
form type B spermatogonia (more spherical pale nuclei, has 46 chromosome,
enters Meiosis I Prophase)
1o Spermatocytes: Spherical cells with euchromatic nuclei, characterized
by the presence of partially condensed chromosomes in various stages of
synapsis and recombination
2o spermatocytes: 23 chromosomes, each still consists of two chromatids.
(Rare in testis sections. Mehehehe :3)

SPERMIOGENESIS
final stage in sperm production
process by which spermatids transform into spermatozoa
No cell division
Spermatids: haploid nuclei with highly condensed chromatin, position
near the lumen of the seminiferous tubules
 Tunica Albuginea

Tunica vasculosa

Interstitial cells
of Leydig

Seminiferous Tubules
Higher magnification
 Myoid Cells

Spermatocyte

Spermatid

Sertoli Cell
Support, protection, nutrition

Interstitial Cells of
Leydig
Produces TESTOSTERONE

Sabi ni Junquiera..
Myoid Cells FLATTENED CELLS immediately
surrounding each tubule
Sertoli Cells columnar, oval nuclei at merong
distinct nucleoli
1o Spermatocytes diploid and ALWAYS located
near the basement membrane, undergoing meiosis
 Ductus Epididymis (Epididymis): Excretory Genital Duct
Ductuli Efferents (Efferent Ductules): Intratesticular Ducts
** EpE|EfI (EPididymis = Excretory; EFferent = Intratesticular)

The following can be seen in the specimen (sabi ng manual):

Ductus Epididymis
Ductuli efferentes - connect the rete testis to the head of
epididymis
Rete Testis
 Rete testis
Simple cuboidal epithelium

- labyrinth of
epithelium lined
channels
embedded in
mediastinum testis
Basta pag mej matatangkad yung cells at makapal ung epithelium at
madaming sterocilia Ductus Epididymis na yun.
 Cross section of
ductus epididymis

Longitudinal
section of ductus
epididymis
Ductus efferentes

Ductus Epididymis
 Identify (sabi sa manual)
Ductus deferens
- longest part of excurrent duct system
Cremaster muscles
Branches of testicular artery and artery of the vas deferens
Plexus spermaticus nerves
Ductus deferens
Testicular Artery
Testicular Vein
Pampiniform Plexus

Di ko sure huhu sorry :(

 anterior and superior sides of bladder
Excretory Genital Duct
transports sperm from the epididymis
during ejaculation
contained within the spermatic cord
Vas deferens in cross-
section shows
that it consists of
Mucosa
thick muscularis with
inner and outer layers
of longitudinal smooth
muscle
intervening layer of
circular smooth
muscle
external adventitia
Muscularis: specialized
for powerful
peristaltic movement
of sperm at
ejaculation
 highly tortuous tubes about 15 cm in length
mucosa displays a great number of thin, complex folds that fill most
of the lumen
simple or PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR epithelial cells rich in
secretory granules
EXOCRINE GLAND, make up about 70% of the ejaculate which provide
nutrient energy sources for the sperm, coagulate semen after
ejaculation, and affect activity of the female reproductive tract
Glandular
Epithelium

Crypts in the
mucosa

Lamina Propria
 Identify (sabi sa manual)
Fibromuscular stroma
Tubulo-alveolar acini and their epithelium
Corpora amylacea

THREE ZONES: t5c25p70

transition zone - occupies about 5% of the prostate volume, surrounds the prostatic urethra,
and contains the mucosal glands emptying directly into the urethra
central zone - occupies 25% of the gland's volume and contains the submucosal glands with
longer ducts
peripheral zone - occupies about 70% of the prostate and contains the main glands with still
longer ducts; most common location of both inflammation and cancer.

Tubuloalveolar glands of the prostate

simple or pseudostratified columnar epithelium
produce prostatic fluid

CORPORA AMYLACEA (or Prostatic Concentrations)

Small spherical concretions, 0.22 mm in diameter and often calcified, are frequently
observed in the lumens of the prostatic glands
contain primarily deposited glycoproteins and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs),
particularly keratan sulfate
Fibromuscular
stroma

Glandular Acini
 main components: Skin
Bucks fascia
three cylindrical masses of
erectile tissue Superficial and deep dorsal
veins
Two of these cylinders Dorsal Arteries and nerves
corpora cavernosaare placed Tunica Albuginea
dorsally.
Corpora cavernosa and
corpus spongiosumis ventral and cavernous spaces
surrounds the urethra
Corpus spongiosum and
Penile urethra urethra
surrounded by skin Periurethral glands of Littre
Most of the penile urethra is lined
with pseudostratified columnar
epithelium
Corpora Cavernosa and Cavernous Spaces

corpora cavernosa - covered by a

resistant layer of dense connective
tissue, the tunica albuginea
corpora cavernosa and the corpus
spongiosum are both composed of
erectile tissue
contains a large number of venous
cavernous spaces lined with
endothelial cells and separated by
trabeculae of connective tissue
fibers and smooth muscle
cells
Tunica Albuginea

Corpus Spongiosum

Urethra
Higher Magnification.
 Pointed Structure:
Small mucus-secreting urethra
glands (glands of Littre) are
found along the length
of the penile urethra
 Peg Cells
Secretions helps transport the ovum and hinders
bacterial access to peritoneal cavity
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Specimen
Lining Epithelium of the
Structure
Function of the Pointed
Identify Pointed Structure
 A. Developing Glands
B. Endometrium
C. Myometrium
C
B
A
Identify:
 What specific phase in the
does the specimen undergo?
Appearance of the
Endometrial Stroma is
described as _______
What causes the edema of
lamina Propria and
endometrial thickening?

Progesterone
Edematous
Secretory
 Identify pointed area (YELLOW ARROW)
Lining Epithelium?
Identify Pointed Area (RED ARROW)
Lining Epithelium?

Ectocervix Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Endocervix - Simple Columnar Epithelium
 A. Endocervix; B. Ectocervix
Site of origin of most cervical carcinomas.
terms?
pathological
important in
Why is this site
B.
A.
Identify:
 Resident Macrophage Cells in
the specimen are called?
Fetal part of placenta is
called ______

Chorion frondosum
Hofbauer Cells
 Identify the
specimen
Seminiferous Tubules

Identify Pointed
Structure
Spermatid

Spermatid
Seminiferous Tubules
 Identify pointed structure of
the ORANGE ARROW
Structure pointed by the
ORANGE ARROW is also
known as
Function of the pointed
structure of the ORANGE
ARROW
Function of the pointed
structure of the RED ARROW

Secretion of Testosteron
the developing spermatogenic cells
Support, protection, nutrition of
Sustentacular/Nurse Cells
Sertoli Cells
 Identify A
Identify B
A What do you call the
labyrinth of epithelium
lined channels embedded in
mediastinum testis

Rete Testis
Epididymis
Efferent Ductules
 Ductus Deferens
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Type of Epithelium
Identify the Specimen
 Identify Pointed Structure
A secretory product of the
specimen which leaks into
the blood in the glandular
disruption caused by
prostate cancer

Prostatespesific Antigen (PSA)

Fibromuscular Stroma
 Identify Pointed Structure
Main component of the
Pointed Structure
Glands of this area are the
Identify
most common location of
both inflammation and
cancer

Peripheral Zone
Gylcosaminoglycans (GSGs) Keratan Sulfate
Corpora Amylacea
Good things dont come to those who wait; they come to those who work on meaningful goals.

END

Good luck and God Bless!
References: Lecture Notes, Di Fiore, Junquiera, Google Images, OT (Batch 2014 & 2016)
A thousand apologies sa mga MALI and typo errors.

Elinor Christy G. Baggao