Grammar 14 Modal Verbs: Past (page 98)

2) 1- It wasnt necessary for me to go out after all. HAVE

after all.

2- There was a plan for Jack to become manager, but he left. WAS

manager, but
he left.

3- It was a mistake for you to buy that dog. BOUGHT

that dog.

4- Im sure that Sally didnt enjoy her holiday. ENJOYED

her holiday.

5- Its possible that Bill saw me. MAY

me.

6- Im sure that Karen was a beautiful baby. BEEN

a beautiful
baby.

7- Perhaps Alan didnt mean what he said. MEANT

what he said.

8- Its possible that I left my wallet at home. COULD

my wallet at
home.

9- I think you were wrong to sell your bike. SHOULDNT

bike.

10- The only thing I could do was run away! HAD

run away!

3) Underline the most suitable phrase in each sentence.

1- We should have turned left. Weve missed the turning / We followed the instructions.
2- We didnt have to wear uniform at school. But I never did/ Thats why I liked it.
3- The guard must have unlocked the window. He was ordered to/ Theres no other explanation.
4- You could have phoned from the station. Im sure you did/ Why didnt you?
5- You neednt have bought any dog food. There isnt any/ There is plenty.
6- Ann might not have understood the message. I suppose its possible/ She wasnt supposed to.
7- You cant have spent all the money already! You werent able to/ Im sure you havent.
8- I shouldnt have used this kind of paint. Its the right kind/ Its the wrong kind.

4)Rewrite using cant, might, must, should or neednt.

1-Im sure that David took your books by mistake.

2-It was a mistake to park outside the police station.



3-It was unnecessary for you to clean the floor.

4-Im sure that Liz hasnt met Harry before.

5-Heather possible hasnt left yet.

6-Im sure they havent eaten all food. Its not possible!

7-Jack is supposed to have arrived half an hour ago.

8-Perhaps Pam and Tim decided not to come.

9-I think it was the cat that took the fish from the table!

10-It was a waste of time worrying, after all!

6)Choose the best answer. (page 101)

Zoo escape shocks residents
Residents in the Blackwood area complained last night that they (1).. warned about the escape
of a dangerous snake. The snake, a python, is three metres long and can kill pets. I heard about
it on the radio, said Mrs Agnes Bird.
I (2).. lock my dog in the kitchen this morning, because I thought the snake (3) attacked it.
Now I am not sure what I (4) do. The snake, called Lulu, disappeared from Blackwood Zoo
some time on Thursday. It (5).. slipped out of its cage while the door was open, said zoo
director Basil Hart. There is no other way it (6) got out. It (7) been scared by a sudden
loud noise, or perhaps it just felt like a change. Mr Hart said that people (8) been alarmed.
There (9) been some misunderstanding, I suppose, when we spoke to the local radio station
about this, he went on. In fact, we found Lulu not long after we noticed she was missing. We
(10).. to look far. She was asleep under a bush. So you see, you should never believe
everything you hear on the radio.

1 A must have been B should have been C had to be D neednt have been
2 A must have B should C ought to D had to
3 A could have B should have C must have D had to
4 A had to B should have C ought to D didnt need to
5 A had to B should have C neednt have D must have
6 A must have B might have C had to D could have
7 A should have B might have C neednt have D shouldnt have
8 A neednt have B should have C might have D didnt have to
9 A should have B had to C may have D ought to have
10 A had B didnt need C could have D should have

Grammar 23 Verbs followed by ing or infinitive (page 164)

1) Complete each sentence with a suitable form of the verb in brackets.
1- I really miss (play) . tennis like I used to.
2- Im sorry. I meant (write) to you, but Ive been busy.
3- Martin failed (pay) the rent on time yet again.
4- Its not worth (buy) a return ticket.
5- Have you ever considered (work) . as a teacher?
6- I promise I wont forget (feed) the cat.
7- Weve arranged (meet) . Outside the school at 4.30.
8- If youve got a headache, try (take) an aspirin.

2) Complete each sentence with a suitable for of the verb in brackets.

1- Pauline couldnt manage (eat) all the ice cream.
2- Ive decided (not sell) my bike after all.
3- A witness reported (see) ... Terry at the scene of the crime.
4- William pretended (not notice) . The No Parking sign.
5- I suppose I tend (buy) more books than I used to.
6- Sometimes I regret (move) to this part of the country.
7- Did you notice anyone (wait) outside when you left?
8- Mark expects (finish) .. work round about 6.00.
9- One of the boys admitted (start) the fire.
10- We really cant go on (waste) so much money like this.

3) Complete each sentence with a suitable for of the verb in brackets.

1- Mary was so angry that she .. to see the manager. DEMAND-HOPE-RISK-
STOP
2- The weather is so awful that I dont going out this evening. FANCY-
LIKE-TRY-WANT
3- The children could hardly to leave their pets behind. BEAR-
FORGET-REGRET-SEEM
4- John to let his children go to the concert. AFFORD-AVOID-REFUSE-
STOP
5- If I give you the information, I losing my job! EXPECT-MEAN-
PREPARE-RISK
6- What do you to be doing in ten years time? BEGIN-EXPECT-
REMEMBER-SUGGEST
7- Do you to tell the police about the missing money? ADMIT-
CONFESS-DENY-INTEND
4) 1- Jack said that he hadnt cheated in the exam. CHEATING

I . in
the exam.

2- It was difficult for me not to laugh at Wendys letter. HELP

I . at
Wendys letter.

3- Im sorry but you have not been appointed to the post. REGRET

I you have not been appointed to the

post.

4- I needed a drink of water and so I stopped running. TO

I stopped running water.

5- I think it would be a good idea to take the train. TAKING

I . the
train.
 6- Dont forget the lights when you leave. OFF

Dont forget when you leave.

7- I think Derek has forgotten the meeting. APPEARS

Derek the
meeting.

8- My neighbor said he would call the police! THREATENED

My neighbor .. the police.

Grammar 25 Inversion and question tags (page 179)

1) Underline.
1- Lets go to London next weekend, shall we/ wont we?
2- You shouldnt have told me, did you/ should you?
3- Jim hasnt been waiting long, was he/ has he?
4- You wont tell anyone about this, do you/ will you?
5- Youre not doing what I told you, do you/ are you?
6- Answer the phone for me, will you/ do you?
7- George cant have noticed, can he/ has he?
8- Youve got to leave now, dont you/ havent you?
9- Pam and Tim got married last year, didnt they/ havent day?
10- I dont think Johns very friendly, does he/ is he?

2) Rewrite each sentence so that it begins with the word or words in italics.
1- The best time to buy a house is now.

2-The bus came round the corner.

3- The price of petrol went up.

4- The Perthenon stands on the top of the Acropolis.

5- The wheels of the engine went round and round.

6- Winston Churchill lived in this house.

7- The flag went down.


.

8- The best part of the story comes now.

9- The protesters came along the road.

10- The first day of the rest of your life is today.

3) Add suitable question tags. (Do not use positive tags for positive statements.)
1- Dont leave anything behind, .?
2- David is bringing some wine, .?
3- Youll be home before midnight, .?
4- Harry was working in Bristol then, .?
5- Nobody knows who invented the wheel, .?
6- You dont need me any more, .?
7- The ticket to London doesnt cost a lot, .?
8- Lets invite the Smiths from next door, .?
9- You arent too busy to talk, .?
10- Jean owns a restaurant, .?

1 A are you B is it C do you D isnt it

2 A No sooner B After C Not only D As soon as
3 A that B but C and D than
4 A Not only B Seldom C Not once D Only then
5 A than B but C so D and
6 A cant I B wont I C will I D can I
7 A It goes B Goes it C Goes there D There goes
8 A isnt it B havent you C didnt you D dont you
9 A do we B dont it C shall we D arent we
10 A dont you B isnt it C cant you D wont you
11 A on comes B comes on C it comes on D comes it on
12 A does it B should it C shouldnt it D wont it
13 A isnt it B dont you C cant you D cant it
14 A Not only B Only then C Never D Under no
circumstances
15 A isnt it B are you C dont you D arent you

4) Asking for advice

You dont happen to know how this music system works, (1)?
(2) had I bought it (3) I regretted spending so much money! I havent even
got the instruction booklet, only the box. (4) did I completely fail to understand the
instructions, (5) then I accidentally threw the booklet away. Now Ill never
understand it, (6) , I said to myself. (7) my money, I thought, but then I
remembered you. Youve done an electronics course, (8) ? Lets look at it together,
(9) , and try to understand it. You press this button first, (10) ? Then (11)
this little red light, and then nothing happens when you try to put in a CD. The
screen here should light up, (12) ? You can work out how to use it, (13) ?
Dont do that! It says here on the box: (14) should an unqualified person remove
this panel. Well you are unqualified, (15) ? What do you mean, do it yourself!
5) Rewrite (no matter how many words it has)
1- Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind.

Not only
.

2- I had no sooner gone to bed than someone rang my doorbell.

No sooner
.

3- I have seldom stayed in a worse hotel.

Seldom
.

4- I have never heard such nonsense!

Never
.

5- I realized only then that I had lost my keys.

Only then
.
6- The economic situation has rarely been worse.

Rarely
.

7- The manager not once offered us an apology.

Not
once
.

8- You should not send money to us by post under any circumstances.

Under no
circumstances
.

9- I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on stage.

Only after seeing

Hamlet
.

10- The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent.

Little

GRAMMAR 26 LINKING WORDS AND TEXT ORGANIZERS (page 184)

1) 1- Many people feel nervous about flying, and worry about the possibility of an accident.
Furthermore/ However, according to statistics, flying is actually safer than walking down
 the street.
2- Our local supermarket no longer opens every day, as/on account of very few people
live in our village.
3- There are a number of objections to the planned motorway. As well as this/ First of all,
the new road will destroy valuable farming land. In contrast/ In addition to this, it will
bring thousands of vehicles and tourists. As a result/For example, our peaceful way of life
will be destroyed forever.
4- We conducted a survey of accommodation in the town, and came up with some
interesting results. The hotels we saw were rather expensive, and
consequently/moreover the actual facilities on offer were not always impressive. Besides
this/In contrast, there were many guest houses, offering just bed and breakfast, which
were not only good value but also had much better rooms than the hotels did. Finally/
Personally, I would recommend The Oaks, a particularly impressive guest house in Long
Harbour Road.
5- Owing to/Since the increased demand for parking spaces, the company has decided to
enlarge the car park. Consequently/Nevertheless the exit road on the west side of the car
park will be closed from Monday to allow building work to begin.

2) 1- conclusion, I would like to thank you all for your help.

2- , its too late to finish the work today, well come back tomorrow.
3- The flight was delayed a result of the high winds.
4- This radio is expensive, but the other hand it has very good reception.
5- First all, I would like to welcome you to our annual dinner.
6- John is a hard worker. As as this, he is completely reliable.
7- Science has not entirely changed the way we think. instance, we still
speak of the sunrise although we know it is the Earth that is moving.
8- Although this building project seems attractive, in my it would be a mistake to
spend so money on it.

3) Owning a car
Owning a car has several advantages. (1) you can go wherever you want, whenever
you want. You dont have to depend on public transport and (2) you feel more
independent. (3)... you are able to give lifts to friends, or carry heavy loads of
shopping. (4)., there can be problems, especially if you live in a city. Running a car
can be expensive, and you have to spend money on items (5) petrol, servicing the
car, and repairs. You might also have problems with parking, as everywhere is becoming
more and more crowded with cars. (6), most people feel that the advantages of
owning a car outweigh the disadvantages. (7) most young people of my age start
driving as soon as they can. (8).., I think that cars nowadays have become essential,
but I also feel that they cause a lot of problems, (9) they are noisy and dirty. (10)
, the large numbers of cars on the road means that most towns and cities are
organized for the convenience of cars, and the needs of pedestrians are ignored.

1 A first of all B as a result C personally D besides this

2 A however B personally C since D as a result
3 A in contrast B in my view C besides this D however
4 A on the other hand B to sum up C thus D for example
5 A as B such as C owing to D then
6 A finally B secondly C however D as
7 A for B next C as well as this D consequently
8 A for example B personally C nevertheless D however
9 A for example B however C thus D since
10 A as a result B moreover C personally D for example

GRAMMAR 27 PRONOUNS (page 188)

1) Complete the sentence with a pronoun ending one, -where, -thing.
1- Do you know in this class? Have you got any friends here?
 2- Martin went, a detective followed him.
3- There is to worry about. Youll be fine in a day or two.
4- Im sure there is a caf near here. There always used to be.
5- has taken my maths book!
6- When Robbie Williams came onto the stage, started screaming.
7- According to you, I do is wrong! Its not fair!
8- knew what had happened to Chris. He vanished without a trace.
9- Ill be late to the sports practice. is wrong with my scooter.
2) 1- The person who stole the painting must have been tall.

Whoever

.

2- I dont mind what you do, but dont tell Jane I was here.

Whatever

.

3- What on earth is the time?

Whatever

.

4- Id like to know why you told me a lie.

Why ever

.

5- Every time I go on holiday, the weather gets worse.

Whenever

.

6- Tell me where you have been!

Wherever

.

7- How on earth did you know I was going to be here?

However

.

8- I wont believe you, no matter what you say.

Whatever

.
3) 1- The local cinema has a good film on at the moment.
There

. at the moment.

2- I cant drink coffee so late at night.

 Its

. so late at night.

3- Dont worry if you cant answer all the questions.

It doesnt

all the questions.

4- The fridge is empty.

There

.fridge.

5- This journey has been tiring.

It

.journey.

6- The station is far away.

It

.station.

7- Let have a break now.

Its

for a break now.

8- I enjoyed seeing you.

It

.you.

4) 1- Was it enjoyable at the beach, Joe?

Did
you
.

2- We really need a new fridge.

What

.

3- Theres a lot of fog today.

Its

.

4- People who believe in ghosts are a bit crazy!

Anyone

.

5- Just call me any time you need me

Whenever

.

6- I was very interested in what we talked about.

It was interesting

.

7- John is hurt.
John has

.

8- Why did you do that?

Whatever

.

5) 1- I like this painting but I dont think much of those REST-OTHER-ONES-

BESIDES
2- What would like to do this morning? SOMEONE-ONE-YOURSELF-YOU
3- Did you enjoy ? AT THE PARTY-THE PARTY-YOURSELF THE PARTY-WITH
YOURSELF AT THE PARTY
4- nothing much to do I this town. THERES-ITS NOT-THERES NOT-ITS
5- you do, dont tell Harry that weve lost his camera. ANYTHING-WHAT-
WHATEVER-ITS BETTER
6- One has to like ones own relatives, ? DOESNT ONE-ISNT IT-DONT YOU-
ISNT ONE
7- didnt you tell me that you felt too ill to work? WHOEVER-WHATEVER-
HOWEVER-WHY EVER
8- Then George punched the police officer the face! AT-ON-TO-IN
9- Harry shook my hand and said, Pleasedyou. TO MEET-TO INTRODUCE-TO
SHAKE- TO ACQUAINT
10- Please inviteyou like to the reception. ONE-ANYONE-ONES-ALL

6) Rewrite between 2 and 5 words.

1- John patted my back. GAVE

John .. the
back.

2- Dont hold a rabbits ears and pick it up. BY

Dont
..the ears.

3- Ill never be able to look at Tanyas face again. IN

Ill never be able to look

..again.

4- Sue grabbed the thiefs arm. BY

Sue
..arm.

5- Helen took the babys hand. BY

Helen
..hand.

6- The bee stung my arm. ME

The bee
..arm.
7- Somebody gave me a black eye. PUNCHED

Somebody
..eye.

8- Jane patted the dogs head. ON

Jane
..head.

9- Its my arm! Im hit! said Billy the Kid. WOUNDED

Im ..,
said Billy the Kid.

10- I felt someone pat my shoulder. ME

I felt someone
..shoulder
.