BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND SANITARY ENGINEERING

CE 418:
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

EVALUATION OF THE UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTION IN PRES. JOSE P. LAUREL

HIGHWAY NATIONAL HIGHWAY ROAD STO.TOMAS INTERSECTION

BY:

AGUILA, NEIL L.
BAUTISTA, JENIKA MARE G.
CABUNGCAL, JOHN LESTER B.
CALIBARA, LIEZEL C.
FAULAN, PATRICK NEIL L.
MENDOZA, JANA KRIZIA C.
MEDRANO, JOHN NICHOLE L.

CE - 4203

ENGR. MARCELO R. TEOSO JR.

INSTRUCTOR

MAY 15, 2017

Introduction:

In traffic engineering, traffic volume studies are very important. They are conducted to
determine the number, movements, and classifications, of roadway vehicles at a given location.
These factors are essential to determine critical flow periods, influence of large vehicles or
pedestrians on vehicular traffic flow, and document traffic volume trends. Depending on the type
of count and the usage of data to be obtained pre determines the length of sampling period to be
performed.

There are two methods available for conducting traffic volume counts: the manual
method and the automatic method of counting. Manual method is usually conducted to determine
vehicle classification, turning movements, direction of travel, pedestrian movements, or vehicle
occupancy. On the other hand, Automatic method of counting is used typically to gather data for
the determination of vehicle hourly patterns, daily or seasonal variations, and growth trends or
annual traffic estimates.

In this study, the group performed a 12 hour manual count in an unsignalized

intersection, Pres. Jose P. Laurel Highway Brgy. Inosluban Intersection, Lipa City (from 6AM
6PM). This is done to cover most of the daytime traffic in the said intersection. Tallying / use
of tally sheets were the method used to record all the data throughout the whole activity. By
tallying, a tick mark is recorded on a pre prepared field form and a watch / timer was used to
measure the desired count interval.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the traffic flow condition of the intersection and
assess if the vehicles passing through experiences delays or conflicts brought about by merging
traffic. This study will also help in providing proper solutions and recommendations for these
problems and further development of the intersection.

Procedure:

1 Prepare
a Communicate with other staff/ departments
b Review historical data trends
c Review Citizen input
d Request traffic control
2 Select Location
a Select proper location
b Plan the data collection preparations
c Complete the pre-study documentation
3 Complete Study
a Collect the data
b Evaluate the data
c Calculate the traffic volume trends
4 Document
a Finalize the report
b File the report
c Communicate the results
Key Steps to a Manual Count Study

1 Perform necessary office preparations

2 Select proper location
3 Label data sheets and record observations.
Location Map:
 Pres. Jose P. Laurel Hwy - Brgy. Inosluban
Intersection, Lipa City, Batangas

Pres. Jose P. Laurel Hwy - Brgy. Inosluban Intersection, Lipa City, Batangas via Google Maps
(2D)

Pres. Jose P. Laurel Hwy - Brgy.

Inosluban Intersection, Lipa City,
Batangas

Pres. Jose P. Laurel Hwy - Brgy. Inosluban Intersection, Lipa City, Batangas via Google Maps
(3D)
 Street view of the intersection
Google Street View

The intersection of the President Jose P. Laurel Highway National Road and the road
entering Brgy. Inosluban, Lipa City, Batangas is classified as Three Leg intersection, also known
as the Y-intersection. It is an unsignalized type of intersection.

Tanauan City to Lipa City Tanauan to Sto. Tomas

Lipa City to Tanauan City Sto. Tomas to Lipa City
Lipa City to Sto. Tomas Sto. Tomas to Tanauan

Three Leg (Y intersection)

Presentation and Analysis of Data:

Twelve (12) hour manual traffic count in Pres. Jose P. Laurel Highway National Highway Road
Sto. Tomas Intersection

Table 1: Flow from Lipa City going to Tanauan City

TIME Tricycl Motorcyc Passeng Passeng Good Rigid Trucks Bu Total

 e le er Cars er s 2- 3- 4- s
Utility Utilit axl axl axl
y e e e

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 51 182 210 167 45 36 12 5 29 737

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 78 247 295 36 38 23 8 6 43 774
8:00 AM 9:00 AM 63 200 250 192 37 29 9 5 34 819
9:00 AM 10:00
43 152 238 185 41 25 7 7 7 705
AM
10:00 AM 11:00
60 118 223 158 33 24 9 4 4 633
AM
11:00 AM 12:00
62 112 215 150 30 27 10 4 4 614
PM
12:00 PM 1:00
51 125 220 139 38 29 12 9 4 627
PM
1:00 PM 2:00 PM 58 116 238 127 26 26 11 11 8 621
2:00 PM 3:00 PM 52 133 260 143 15 29 18 5 5 660
3:00 PM 4:00 PM 55 95 269 177 28 26 9 5 16 680
4:00 PM 5:00 PM 80 175 272 188 26 20 5 9 23 798
5:00 PM 6:00 PM 85 202 295 193 21 19 3 5 29 852
378.0 313 113 75. 206 8520.0
TOTAL 738.00 1857.00 2985.00 1855.00
0 .00 .00 00 .00 0
26. 9.4 6.2 17.
Average 61.50 154.75 248.75 154.58 31.50 710.00
08 2 5 17

Table 2: Flow from Tanauan City going to Lipa City

Tricycl Motorcyc Passeng Passeng Good Rigid Trucks Bus

e le er Cars er s
Utility Utilit 2- 3- 4-
TIME Total
y axl axl axl
e e e

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 81 184 243 217 29 22 7 5 38 826

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 92 243 297 282 21 18 3 2 49 1007
8:00 AM 9:00 AM 83 210 272 250 29 25 6 6 43 924
9:00 AM 10:00
55 108 283 194 34 22 21 3 8 728
AM
10:00 AM 11:00
42 123 242 175 32 25 22 10 6 677
AM
11:00 AM 12:00
45 132 228 167 45 29 25 8 4 683
PM
12:00 PM 1:00
49 115 231 160 54 38 28 9 5 689
PM
1:00 PM 2:00 PM 54 112 238 161 65 36 26 4 6 702
2:00 PM 3:00 PM 54 152 257 127 60 31 19 6 8 714
3:00 PM 4:00 PM 60 161 223 156 39 25 13 12 12 701
4:00 PM 5:00 PM 72 225 259 164 25 14 16 2 27 804
5:00 PM 6:00 PM 78 251 285 179 18 10 12 1 31 865
451.0 295 198 68. 237 9320.0
TOTAL 765.00 2016.00 3058.00 2232.00
0 .00 .00 00 .00 0
24. 16. 5.6 19.
Average 63.75 168.00 254.83 186.00 37.58 776.67
58 50 7 75

Table 3: Flow from Lipa City going to Sto.Tomas

TIME Tricycl Motorcyc Passeng Passeng Good Rigid Trucks Bus Total
 e le er Cars er s 2- 3- 4-
Utility Utilit axl axl axl
y e e e

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 87 25 62 7 12 3 1 0 0 197

7:00 AM 8:00 AM 117 36 81 9 4 1 0 0 0 248
8:00 AM 9:00 AM 100 32 78 5 7 3 0 0 0 225
9:00 AM 10:00
52 28 72 2 10 5 3 1 0 173
AM
10:00 AM 11:00
33 6 54 0 4 7 1 0 0 105
AM
11:00 AM 12:00
28 5 51 3 5 2 2 0 0 96
PM
12:00 PM 1:00
35 20 18 1 5 8 5 0 0 92
PM
1:00 PM 2:00 PM 47 22 20 2 8 2 1 1 0 103
2:00 PM 3:00 PM 35 19 46 1 3 10 1 0 0 115
3:00 PM 4:00 PM 37 30 55 4 21 6 3 0 0 156
4:00 PM 5:00 PM 38 29 58 8 19 0 0 0 0 152
5:00 PM 6:00 PM 55 36 60 12 15 0 0 0 0 178
113.0 47. 17. 2.0 1840.0
TOTAL 664.00 288.00 655.00 54.00 0
0 00 00 0 0
3.9 1.4 0.1
Average 55.33 24.00 54.58 4.50 9.42 0 153.33
2 2 7

Table 4: Flow from Sto. Tomas going to Lipa City

Tricycl Motorcyc Passeng Passeng Good Rigid Trucks Bus

e le er Cars er s 2- 3- 4-
TIME Utility Utilit axl axl axl Total
y e e e

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 34 12 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 51
7:00 AM 8:00 AM 37 15 20 5 1 0 0 0 0 78
8:00 AM 9:00 AM 35 31 61 3 13 2 0 0 0 145
9:00 AM 10:00
20 5 8 0 3 1 0 0 0 37
AM
10:00 AM 11:00
11 4 6 0 1 1 0 0 0 23
AM
11:00 AM 12:00
8 5 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 19
PM
12:00 PM 1:00
10 10 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 24
PM
1:00 PM 2:00 PM 11 10 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 25
2:00 PM 3:00 PM 7 5 3 0 3 1 0 0 0 19
3:00 PM 4:00 PM 11 7 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 24
4:00 PM 5:00 PM 7 5 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 18
5:00 PM 6:00 PM 6 5 10 0 3 1 0 0 0 25
9.0
TOTAL 197.00 114.00 130.00 9.00 29.00 0 0 0 488.00
0
Average 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
16.42 9.50 10.83 0.75 2.42 5 0 0 0 40.67
 Table 5: Flow from Tanauan City going to Sto. Tomas

Tricycl Motorcycl Passeng Passeng Good Rigid Trucks Bus

e e er Cars er s 2- 3- 4-
TIME Utility Utilit axl axl axl Total
y e e e

6:00 AM 7:00 AM 24 15 10 0 4 1 0 0 0 54
7:00 AM 8:00 AM 28 19 11 0 2 3 0 0 0 63
8:00 AM 9:00 AM 7 2 7 0 1 0 0 0 0 17
9:00 AM 10:00
26 5 7 0 2 0 0 0 0 40
AM
10:00 AM 11:00
16 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 23
AM
11:00 AM 12:00
10 9 8 0 3 0 0 0 0 30
PM
12:00 PM 1:00
18 4 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 29
PM
1:00 PM 2:00 PM 19 7 6 0 2 0 0 0 0 34
2:00 PM 3:00 PM 21 3 9 1 2 0 0 0 0 36
3:00 PM 4:00 PM 6 10 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 19
4:00 PM 5:00 PM 1 3 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 7
5:00 PM 6:00 PM 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
4.0
TOTAL 180.00 82.00 75.00 1.00 18.00 0 0 0 360.00
0
0.3
Average 15.00 6.83 6.25 0.08 1.50 0 0 0 30.00
3

Table 6: Flow from Sto.Tomas going to Tanauan City

Tricycl Motorcyc Passeng Passeng Good Rigid Trucks Bus

e le er Cars er s
TIME Utility Utilit 2- 3- 4- Total
y axl axl axl
e e e
6:00 AM 7:00 AM 40 8 5 2 1 0 0 0 0 56
7:00 AM 8:00 AM 40 20 8 1 3 0 0 0 0 72
8:00 AM 9:00 AM 38 11 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 55
9:00 AM 10:00
36 38 57 2 8 1 0 0 0 142
AM
10:00 AM 11:00
36 16 54 1 8 0 0 0 0 115
AM
11:00 AM 12:00
30 8 36 4 2 0 0 0 0 80
PM
12:00 PM 1:00
30 21 41 1 3 1 0 0 0 97
PM
1:00 PM 2:00 PM 40 40 98 4 4 1 0 0 0 187
2:00 PM 3:00 PM 43 26 56 2 2 8 0 0 0 137
3:00 PM 4:00 PM 37 30 65 2 10 8 2 0 0 154
4:00 PM 5:00 PM 24 31 63 2 24 4 0 0 0 148
5:00 PM 6:00 PM 20 25 63 1 5 2 0 0 0 116
TOTAL 414.00 274.00 551.00 22.00 71.00 25. 2.0 0 0 1359.0
 0 0 0
2.0 0.1
Average 34.50 22.83 45.92 1.83 5.92 0 0 113.25
8 7

Number of vehicles versus time graph:

900 819 798 852

737 774 705
800 633 614 627 621 660 680
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
Number of Vehices 0

Time

300
248
250 225
197
200 173 178
156 152
150 105 103 115
96 92
100
50
Number of Vehices
0

Time

Figure 1: From Lipa City going to Tanauan City

Figure 2: From Tanauan City going to Lipa City

 1200 1007
1000 924 865
826 804
800 728 677 683 689 702 714 701
600
400
200
Number of Vehicles
0

Time

Figure 3: From Lipa City going to Sto. Tomas

160 145
140
120
100 78
80
60 51
37
40 23 19 24 25 19 24 18 25
Number of Vehicles 20
0

Time

Figure 4: From Sto. Tomas going to Lipa City

70 63
60 54
50 40
40 34 36
30 29
30 23
17 19
20
7 8
Number of Vehicles 10
0

Time

Figure 5: From Tanauan City going to Sto. Tomas

 200 187
180 154
160 142 137 148
140 115 116
120 97
100 72 80
80 56 55
60
40
Number of Vehicles 20
0

Time

Figure 6: From Sto. Tomas going to Tanauan

Intercsection Diagram:

Intersection flow summary (12 hr. traffic count at Pres. Jose P. Laurel Highway National
Highway Road Sto. Tomas Intersection)

Computations:
Right turn into major road

i. Mh= 0.5M1 + M2 = 0.5(153.33) + 710 = 786.665 veh/hr

ii. tg = 4 sec (table 5.4)
iii. Mno= 850 pcu/ hr (fig. 5.8) Max. Mn= 850 pcu/hr
iv. Existing Mn = 0.5(22.83) + 1(45.92 + 1.83) +1.5(5.012) + 2(2.08 + 0.17) + 1.1(34.5)
= 110.495pcu/hr
v. Reserve capacity = 850 110.495 = 739.505pcu/hr
vi. Evaluation: free flow, no traffic delay
Level of Service: A (table 5.6)
Left turn off the major road

i. Mh= M1 + M2 = (153.33) + 710 = 863.33 veh/hr

ii. tg = 6 sec (table 5.4)
iii. Mno= 350 pcu/ hr (fig. 5.8) Max. Mn= 350 pcu/hr
iv. Existing Mn = 1.1(15) + 0.5(6.83) + 1(6.25 + 0.08) + 1.5(1.5) + 2(0.33)
= 29.155 pcu/hr
v. Reserve capacity = 350 29.155 = 320.845pcu/hr
vi. Evaluation: stable flow, very short traffic delay
Level of Service: B (table 5.6)
[existing (Mn/ Max. Mn) x 100% = (33/350) x 100% = 9%; p-value = 0.93 from figure 5.9]

Left turn into major road

i. Mh= 0.5M1 + M2 + M4 + M5 = 0.5(153.33) + 710 + 30 + 776.67 = 1593.335 veh/hr

ii. tg = 10 sec (table 5.4)
iii. Mno= 20 pcu/ hr (fig. 5.8) Max. Mn= .93(20) = 18.6 pcu/hr
iv. Existing Mn = 1.1(16.42) + 0.5(9.5) + 1(10.83 + 0.75) + 1.5(2.42) + 2(0.75)
= 39.522pcu/hr
v. Reserve capacity = 19 39.522 = -20.522pcu/hr
vi. Evaluation: forced flow, congestion
Level of Service: F (table 5.6)

Summary:

Traffic volume studies are very important. They are conducted to determine the number,
movements, and classifications, of roadway vehicles at a given location. These factors are
essential to determine critical flow periods, influence of large vehicles or pedestrians on
vehicular traffic flow, and document traffic volume trends.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the traffic flow condition of the intersection and
assess if the vehicles passing through experiences delays or conflicts brought about by merging
traffic.

The left turn off major road is stable flow and very short traffic delay. There are no
problems with the other minor flows. The left turn traffic into major road experiences a forced
flow and congestion.

To improve pedestrian safety at uncontrolled intersection, the intersection must have

advanced yield lines for the visibility of crossing pedestrians, must have high visibility crosswalk
markings and must have curb extensions to shorten crossing distance and better usage of the road
facility.
Conclusion:

After conducting a traffic count and evaluating the volume of the vehicles passing the
intersection, it is concluded by the researchers that the unsignalized intersection is unnecessary to
put a traffic signal.

The left turn off major road is stable flow and very short traffic delay. There are no
problems with the other minor flows.

The left turn traffic into major road experiences a forced flow and congestion since the
angle of intersection is too small compared to others.

The researchers also concluded that the total vehicles passed the said location are 21887
vehicles. They also concluded that the peak hours or the hours that the volume is too high are
around 7:00am - 8:00am, 8:00am 9:00am, 4:00pm 5:00pm and 5:00pm 6:00pm.

Recommendation:

The use of manual method or tallying in this traffic study is a disadvantage to the
accuracy of the data needed. For high traffic volume, it is recommended to use more accurate
and efficient method including manual counters, automatic counters and video cameras. Also, the
traffic observer must have knowledge on types and movements of vehicles, design of the road
and the traffic control.

All data gathered in this study must present in ways that should be simple and easily
understood by readers.

To improve pedestrian safety at uncontrolled intersection, the intersection must have

advanced yield lines for the visibility of crossing pedestrians, must have high visibility crosswalk
markings and must have curb extensions to shorten crossing distance and better usage of the road
facility.