LTE System Principle 20110525 A 1.0

2010-09 Security Level: Internal Use
LTE system principle
www.huawei.com
Copyright @ 2010 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to
Know the backgrounds of evolution
Know system architecture of LTE
Know key features of LTE
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
HuaweiTechnologies Co.,Ltd.
Technologies Co., All
Ltd.rights reserved
All rights reserved. Page 2
References
3GPP TS 36.401
3GPP TS 36.101
3GPP TS 36.211
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Contents
1. Overview
2. LTE system architecture
3. LTE key features
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Contents
1. Overview
3. LTE key features
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Mobile communications standards landscape
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
All rights reserved.
3GPP Releases
3GPP is working on two approaches for 3G evolution: the LTE and the
HSPA Evolution
HSPA Evolution is aimed to be backward compatible while LTE do not need
to be backward compatible with WCDMA and HSPA
By the end of 2007, 3GPP R8 is released as the first specs of LTE

Phase 2+
Release 99 Release 6 Release 8
(Release 97)
GPRS UMTS HSUPA LTE
171.2kbit/s 2Mbit/s 5.76Mbit/s +300Mbit/s
Release 9/10
LTE
Advanced
HSPA+
GSM EDGE HSDPA
28.8Mbit/s
9.6kbit/s 473.6kbit/s 14.4Mbit/s
42Mbit/s
Phase 1 Release 99 Release 5 Release 7/8
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
LTE will be the Single Global Standard
>1.2Gbps
GSM /80MHz
700M Spectral Efficiency

New
800M
Key
850M
UMTS Title Tech. FDD LTE
300Mbps
900M /20MHz
150Mbps
1500M /20MHz Relay
1700M 84Mbps
CDMA /10MHz
1800M 4x4
4x4
1900M MIMO
42Mbps MIMO
2x2
/5MHz DC
2100M MIMO
2300M TD-SCDMA 28Mbps

/5MHz 2x2 2x2 OFDM
2600M 21Mbps OFDM TDD LTE
MIMO MIM OFD
/5MHz O M
2x2
WiMAX 64QAM MIMO 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM
64QAM
LTE will be the natural migration choice for mobile operators.
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Page 8
SDR Facilitating Smooth Evolution
Spectrum for LTE Smooth Transition to LTE
LTE GSM+UMTS
2600MHz
SDR SDR
UMTS LTE
2100MHz
LTE
GSM
GSM
1800MHz LTE mRRU MRFU
GSM
900MHz UMTS LTE
LTE SDR
800MHz SDR
2010 2011 2012
GSM+LTE
Technology 800M 900M 1800M 2100M 2.6G Spectrum refarming starts from
900M/1800M, which can be utilized for
GSM LTE deployment.
UMTS SDR technology supports flexible and
smooth transition from 2G/3G to LTE.
LTE
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
LTE requirements and targets
Reduced delays, in terms of both connection establishment (less then 100ms)
and transmission latency (less then 10ms)
Increased user data rates: (Peak data-rate requirements are 100 Mbit/s and
50 Mbit/s for downlink and uplink respectively, when operating in 20MHz
spectrum allocation)
Improved spectral efficiency
Seamless mobility, including between different radio-access technologies
Supporting flexible spectrum allocation (1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz) to

meet the complicated spectrum situation requirement
Simplified network architecture
Reasonable power consumption for the mobile terminal.
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
LTE technical features
The LTE downlink transmission scheme is based on downlink OFDMA
and uplink SC-FDMA
LTE adopts shared-channel transmission, in which the time-frequency
resource is dynamically shared between users. This is similar to the
approach taken in HSDPA
Fast hybrid ARQ with soft combining is used in LTE
MIMO is supported by LTE, basically this is Spatial multiplexing which
can increase data rate prominently
LTE supports flexible spectrum allocation in terms of duplex
arrangement which support both FDD and TDD and bandwidth
allocations which ranges 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz
Support SON
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
LTE frequency bands
LTE is designed to operate in these frequency bands

2.1GHz, 1.9GHz, 1.7GHz, 2.6GHz, 900 MHz, 800 MHz, 450 MHz, etc ,
refer to 36.101 for details.
Transmission bandwidth could be:
Channel bandwidth BWChannel [MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20
Transmission bandwidth configuration NRB 6 15 25 50 75 100

Channel Bandwidth [MHz]
Transmission Bandwidth Configuration [RB]
Transmission
Bandwidth [RB]
Channel edge
Channel edge
Resource block
Active Resource Blocks DC carrier (downlink only)
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
LTE Release 8 Bands
Band Duplex FDL_low FDL_high NOffs-DL NDL FUL_low FUL_high NOffs-UL NUL
(MHz) (MHz) (MHz) (MHz)
1 FDD 2110 2170 0 0-599 1920 1980 18000 18000-18599
2 FDD 1930 1990 600 600-1199 1850 1910 18600 18600-19199
3 FDD 1805 1880 1200 1200-1949 1710 1785 19200 19200-19949
4 FDD 2110 2155 1950 1950-2399 1710 1755 19950 19950-20399
5 FDD 869 894 2400 2400-2649 824 849 20400 20400-20649
6 FDD 875 885 2650 2650-2749 830 840 20650 20650-20749
7 FDD 2620 2690 2750 2750-3449 2500 2570 20750 20750-21449
8 FDD 925 960 3450 3450-3799 880 915 21450 21450-21799
9 FDD 1844.9 1879.9 3800 3800-4149 1749.9 1784.9 21800 21800-22149
10 FDD 2110 2170 4150 4150-4749 1710 1770 22150 22150-22749
11 FDD 1475.9 1500.9 4750 4750-4999 1427.9 1452.9 22750 22750-22999
12 FDD 728 746 5000 5000-5179 698 716 23000 23000-23179
13 FDD 746 756 5180 5180-5279 777 787 23180 23180-23279
14 FDD 758 768 5280 5280-5379 788 798 23280 23280-23379
17 FDD 734 746 5730 5730-5849 704 716 23730 23730-23849
33 TDD 1900 1920 26000 36000-36199 1900 1920 36000 36000-36199

34 TDD 2010 2025 26200 36200-36349 2010 2025 36200 36200-36349
35 TDD 1850 1910 26350 36350-36949 1850 1910 36350 36350-36949
36 TDD 1930 1990 26950 36950-37549 1930 1990 36950 36950-37549
37 TDD 1910 1930 27550 37550-37749 1910 1930 37550 37550-37749
38 TDD 2570 2620 27750 37750-38249 2570 2620 37750 37750-38249
39 TDD 1880 1920 28250 38250-38649 1880 1920 38250 38250-38649
40 TDD 2300 2400 28650 38650-39649 2300 2400 38650 38650-39649
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Carrier Frequency EARFCN Calculation
FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL - NOffs-DL)
eNB
FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL - NOffs-UL)

UE
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Example
100kHz Raster
Uplink Downlink
Frequency
1937.4MHz 2127.4MHz
FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL - NOffs-DL)
(FDL - FDL_low)
NDL = + NOffs-DL
0.1
(2127.4 - 2110)
NDL = + 0 = 174
0.1
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
LTE standardization and specifications
Huawei mirror site for 3GPP specifications.

http://szxmir01-in.huawei.com/www.3gpp.org/www.3gpp.org
The specification document for LTE is 36 series, inherits the structure

of UTRAN 25 series:
36.1xx series is about the physical layer general aspect
36.2xx series is about radio interface physical layer
36.3xx series is about the radio interface layer 2 and 3
36.4xx series is about the terrestrial interfaces (S1, X2 )
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Contents
1. Overview
3. LTE key features
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
LTE System architecture
UMTS LTE
MME / S-GW MME / S-GW
S1
S1
S1
S1
X2 E-UTRAN
eNB eNB
X2
X2
eNB
LTE: simplified IP flat architecture

Less equipment node and easier deployment
Less transmission delay and easier O&M
S1 and X2 interfaces are based on a full IP transport stack
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
LTE-SAE System architecture
An evolved core network, the Evolved Packet Core is at the same time developed,
which generally is called System Architecture Evolution.
The philosophy of the SAE is to focus on the packet-switched domain, and

migrate away from the circuit-switched domain
HSS PCRF Control plane

eNodeB User plane
MME
S1-MME
S6a
Rx
LTE Gxc
X2 S1-U Gx
-Uu S11
S1-MME S5 SGi Operator's

IP Service
eNodeB S1-U S-GW P-GW
UE LTE SAE
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
E-UTRAN functions
Transfer of user data Inter-cell interference coordination
Radio channel ciphering and Connection setup and release

deciphering Load Balancing
Integrity protection Distribution function for NAS
Header compression messages
Mobility control functions NAS node selection function
Handover Synchronization
Paging Radio access network sharing

Positioning MBMS function
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Contents
1. Overview
2. TE system architecture
3. LTE key features
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Basic principles of OFDM
Transmission by means of OFDM can be seen as a kind of multi-carrier
transmission.
Due to the fact that two modulated OFDM subcarriers are mutually
orthogonal, multiple signals could be transmitted in parallel over the same
radio link, the overall data rate can be increased up to M times.
Guard Band Subcarrier
Frequency Frequency
Channel Channel
Bandwidth Bandwidth
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Why use OFDM?
Efficient use of radio spectrum includes placing modulated carriers as close as
possible without causing Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI)
In order to transmit high data rates, short symbol periods must be used, In a multi-
path environment, a shorter symbol period leads to a greater chance for Inter-
Symbol Interference (ISI).
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) addresses both of these

problems:
OFDM provides a technique allowing the bandwidths of modulated carriers to

overlap without interference (no ICI).
It also provides a high date rate with a long symbol duration, thus helping to
eliminate ISI.
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
OFDM implementation by IFFT/FFT
OFDM modulation implementation in LTE
Normally ,assume LTE sub carrier frequency f =1/Tu=15khz, and IFFT bin
size N=2048, the sampling rate is fs =1/Ts =N f=30720000Hz
Subcarrier
Modulation Inverse Fast
Fourier
Transform
Serial
Coded
to IFFT RF
Bits
Parallel
Complex
Waveform
Subcarrier
Demodulation
Fast Fourier
Transform
Parallel
Coded
Receiver FFT to
Bits
Serial
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
LTE Channel and FFT Sizes
Channel FFT Size Subcarrier Sampling Rate
Bandwidth Bandwidth
1.4MHz 128 1.92MHz
3MHz 256 3.84MHz
5MHz 512 7.68MHz

15kHz
10MHz 1024 15.36MHz
15MHz 1536 23.04MHz
20MHz 2048 30.72MHz
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Cyclic-prefix insertion
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Cyclic-prefix insertion
Time dispersion on the radio channel may cause ISI
To deal with this problem, cyclic-prefix insertion is typically used in case

of OFDM transmission
The last NCP samples of the IFFT output block of length N is copied and
inserted at the beginning of the block, increasing the block length from
N to N +NCP. At the receiver side, the corresponding samples are
discarded before OFDM demodulation
Subcarrier orthogonality will then be preserved also in case of a time-

dispersive channel, as long as the span of the time dispersion is shorter
than the cyclic-prefix length.
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Downlink CP Parameters
Configuration CP Length (Ts) Time Delay

Spread
Normal Cyclic f = 15kHz 160 for slot 0 ~ 5.208s ~ 1.562km
Prefix
144 for slot 1, 2, 6 ~ 4.688s ~ 1.406km
Extended Cyclic f = 15kHz 512 for slot 0, 1, 5 ~16.67s ~ 5km
Prefix
f = 7.5kHz 1024 for 0, 1, 2 ~ 33.33 s ~ 10km
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Advantage of OFDM
High spectrum efficiency - the bandwidth of each subcarrier would be

adjacent to its neighbors, so there would be no wasted spectrum
With multiple subcarriers transmitting in parallel, long symbol duration is

used, thus OFDMA is more tolerant to multi-path environment and better
entitled to eliminate ISI (inter symbol interference)
Especially with a cyclic prefix, inter-symbol interference could be minimized
OFDM is flexible in allocating power and rate optimally among narrowband

sub-carriers (scheduling)
Frequency diversity could be enabled due to the wide spectrum
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Peak to Average Power Ratio
PAPR (Peak to
Average Power Ratio)
Issue
Peak
OFDM
Amplitude Symbol Averag
e
Time
The drawback of OFDM is the high peak-to-average ratio of the

transmitted signal, which greatly decrease the efficiency of the linear
amplifiers
This is especially critical for the uplink, due to the high importance of
low mobile-terminal power consumption and cost.
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
SC-FDMA in uplink
SC-FDMA, which has much in common with OFDMA, such as multi-carrier
technology and guard interval protected symbol, but much higher power
amplifier efficiency (lower PAPR) is adopt in uplink.
SC-FDMA is just the DFT-S-OFDM, which can be seen as an OFDM system
with a DFT pre-coding. The localized RB distribution makes each user occupy
consecutive part of the whole bandwidth, which looks like a single carrier.
Time Domain Frequency Domain Time Domain
0
0
0
Subcarrier 0 CP
DFT
Symbols Mapping Insertion
IDFT
0
0
0
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
OFDM used in LTE
Radio
Channel
TDD
eNB
FDD Radio
Channel
UE
UE
OFDM
(OFDMA)
eNB
OFDM
UE (SC-FDMA)
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
OFDMA
Time
Power Each user allocated a
different resource
which can vary in time
and frequency.
Frequency
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
OFDMA used in LTE.
DL: OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)
Anti multi-path interference

Anti frequency selective fading
Higher spectrum efficiency
Easy to cooperate with MIMO for higher
throughput
Flexible multi-users scheduling
UL: SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA)
Save terminals cost & power consumption

Lower PAPR modulation technology: DFT-S-OFDM,
which is similar to OFDM
Higher spectral efficiency compare with traditional
single carrier technology.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 34

Downlink PRB Parameters
Configuration NSCRB NSymbDL
Normal Cyclic Prefix f = 15kHz 7
12
Extended Cyclic f = 15kHz 6
Prefix
f = 7.5kHz 24 3
Normal CP Configuration
Larger first CP when

Normal CP is configured
DL
Nsymb OFDM Symbols (= 7 for Normal CP)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
14 14 14 14 14 14
160 2048 2048 2048 2048 2048 2048 2048
4 4 4 4 4 4
E.g. NCP = 144,

TCP= 144 x Ts = 4.6875s
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
OFDM Symbol Mapping
OFDMA
Each user allocated a
Time different resource
Modulated which can vary in time
and frequency.
OFDM
Symbol
Amplitude
Cyclic
Prefix
Frequency
OFDM
Symbol
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Channel-dependent scheduling
Basically LTE uses shared-channel transmission, similar to HSDPA, the
time-frequency resource is dynamically shared between users
LTE can take channel variations into account not only in the time domain,
as HSPA, but also in the frequency domain
For LTE, scheduling decisions can be taken as often as once every 1 ms

and the granularity in the frequency domain is 180 kHz
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Multi-Antenna Technique MIMO
Receive diversity: Transmit diversity: Multi-antenna reception
SIMO MISO and transmission: MIMO
Fundamentals of MIMO:
The data to be sent will be divided into multiple concurrent data streams.
The data streams are simultaneously transmitted from multiple antennas

through the spatial dimensions, through different radio channels, and
received by multiple antennas.
And then can be restored to the original data according to the spatial
signature of each data stream.
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
MIMO Modes
Transmission Transmission scheme Reference
Mode
Mode 1 single-antenna port (port 0) It is compatible with single-antenna transmission
Mode 2 transmit diversity It weakens the interference caused by channel fading and is
applicable within low SINR environment
Mode 3 open-loop space division It increases the peak rate and is applicable within high rate and
multiplexing SINR environment
Mode 4 Closed-loop spatial It is weighted according to the channel characteristics, increases

multiplexing the peak rate, and is applicable within low rate but high SINR
environment
Mode 5 Multi-user MIMO It improves cell throughput
Mode 6 Closed-loop precoding with It increases cell coverage

rank of 1
Mode 7 Beamforming, single- It weakens interference and increases cell coverage

antenna port (port 5)
Mode 8 Dual-antenna port: Dual- It increases cell throughput

stream BF
8 MIMO modes specified in 3GPP LTE standard
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Advantages of MIMO
Array gain: It increases the transmit power and can be used for beamforming.
Diversity gain: It weakens the interference caused by channel fading.
Spatial multiplexing gain: It doubles the rate within the same bandwidth after
spatial orthogonal channels are constructed.
Data MIMO
Streaming Channel
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
UL Virtual MIMO
Benefits Features
Improve the overall uplink cell throughput. The uplink channels of paired users
Increase the UL spectrum efficiency. must be with good orthogonality to
each other to prevent interference.
Multi-users use the same time-
frequency resource.
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
MIMO--the Key to Improve Cell Throughput
1x2 SIMO xx.xx%: Gain SIMO
MIMO
eNodeB UE 1 Macr 18.15%
Throughput (Mbps)
16.4 28.34% 15.12%
LLL
13.88
T TT 12.09 14.23
EEE
9.42 12.36
2x2 MIMO ISD:500m ISD:500m ISD:1732m

Speed:3km/h Speed:30km/h Speed:30km/h
eNodeB UE 1
xx.xx%: Gain SIMO
MIMO
46.94% 46.40%
35.18
34.15
56.68%
Throughput (Mbps)
26.87
Micro 24.03
In typical urban area:

23.24
17.15
15%~28% gain over SIMO @ Macro
~50% gain over SIMO @ Micro

Outdoor-to-Indoor Outdoor-to-Outdoor Outdoor-to-Outdoor
Speed: 3km/h Speed: 3km/h Speed: 30km/h
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
More Gains through Higher-order MIMO
DL 44 MIMO UL 24 MU-MIMO
eNodeB UE 1
eNodeB
UE 1
UE 2
4x4 MIMO v.s. 2x2 MIMO: 2x4 MU-MIMO v.s. 1x2 SIMO:
~ 50% gain in average cell throughput 23%~90% increasing
~50% gain in edge
in average celluser
throughput
23%~90% increasing in edge user throughput
throughput
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
AMC & 64QAM
AMC, Adaptive Modulation and Coding
Radio-link data rate is controlled by adjusting the modulation scheme and/or the
channel coding rate
Modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
Turbo code
Features
Provide higher-data-rate services
Significantly improve the system

throughput
Improve users experience
High-order modulation scheme used

within excellent channel condition
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page44

OFDM Signal Generation
Antenna
Codewords Layers Ports
Resource OFDM
Modulation
Scrambling Mapper Element Signal
Mapper Generation
Layer
Precoding
Mapper
Resource OFDM
Modulation
Scrambling Mapper Element Signal
Mapper Generation
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Inter-cell interference coordination
By restricting the transmission power of parts of the spectrum in one cell,
the interference seen in the neighbouring cells in this part of the spectrum
will be reduced, This part of the spectrum can then be used to provide
higher data rates for users in the neighbouring cell
4 Cell 1,4,7 Power
2
2
Frequency
76 3
3
Power
1 Cell 2,5,8
1
6 4 Frequency
5 8
5
9 Power
Cell 3,6,9
7 Frequency
Different subband allocated for different cell edge users among cells
Reducing the DL inter-cell interference among neighbor cells
30~50% throughput increased for cell edge users (<50% load)
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
LTE Key Technologies SON
Deployment Stage
Network Planning & Installation & Network Performance

Design Initial Tuning Improvement
Self-Planning Self-Config. Self-optimiz.
Operation & Maintenance Stage
Network Operation & Network Upgrade and

Maintenance evolution
Self-Optiz. & Maintenance
Self-Organising Network (SON) eNB 1

SON effectively reduces human intervention in deployment
and operation stage. Thus, SON saves both CAPEX & OPEX.
SON with ICIC : SON helps inter-cell interference coordination
to improve cell edge throughput and user experience
eNB 2 eNB 3
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Page 47
SON Improving Operation Efficiency
Planning Deployment Optimization Maintenance

Phase Phase Phase Phase
Automatic Network Planning Automatic PCI/TA Optimization

Automatic Config. Planning Automatic Neighbor Relation
Automatic Parameter Planning Inter-RAT ANR,MRO, System Load
Balance, RACH Optimization
Inventory Management
Self- configuration (Plug & Play) Sleeping Cell detection
Auto Software Management Antenna Fault Detection
Cell/interface/sub. trace
SON makes LTE network more efficient and solves new challenges when network architecture changes
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Typical SON Features at Initial Stage
ANR: Automatic Neighbor Self-Config.: Quick Deployment
Relation S/W
File Server
Config
Config
Config
EMS + DHCP
Config
New S/W
eNodeB
Save cost & Improve exactness Plug & Play Installation

Avoid first HO failure due to missing neighbor
Shorten deployment duration
relation
MLB: Mobility Load Balancing MRO: Mobility Robust

Optimization
Cell A CellBB
Cell Cell C
Value
unnecessary HO Rate
Cell A Cell B Cell C HO successful rate
Optimizing cell reselection and handover

parameters More reliable
Reduce call drop rate, handover failure rate, Improve network KPI by HO optimization
Reduce unnecessary redirection
Copyright
Copyright@2010
2010Huawei
Ltd.rights reserved
Thank you
www.huawei.com

LTE System Principle 20110525 A 1.0

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

LTE System Principle 20110525 A 1.0

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

2010-09 Security Level: Internal Use

LTE system principle

Copyright @ 2010 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to

Know the backgrounds of evolution

Know system architecture of LTE

Know key features of LTE

2. LTE system architecture

3. LTE key features

2. LTE system architecture

3. LTE key features

By the end of 2007, 3GPP R8 is released as the first specs of LTE

700M Spectral Efficiency

2300M TD-SCDMA 28Mbps

LTE will be the natural migration choice for mobile operators.

Improved spectral efficiency

Seamless mobility, including between different radio-access technologies

Supporting flexible spectrum allocation (1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz) to

Simplified network architecture

Reasonable power consumption for the mobile terminal.

LTE is designed to operate in these frequency bands

Transmission bandwidth configuration NRB 6 15 25 50 75 100

Transmission Bandwidth Configuration [RB]

Active Resource Blocks DC carrier (downlink only)

17 FDD 734 746 5730 5730-5849 704 716 23730 23730-23849

33 TDD 1900 1920 26000 36000-36199 1900 1920 36000 36000-36199

FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL - NOffs-DL)

FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL - NOffs-UL)

FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL - NOffs-DL)

Huawei mirror site for 3GPP specifications.

The specification document for LTE is 36 series, inherits the structure

36.2xx series is about radio interface physical layer

36.3xx series is about the radio interface layer 2 and 3

36.4xx series is about the terrestrial interfaces (S1, X2 )

2. LTE system architecture

3. LTE key features

MME / S-GW MME / S-GW

LTE: simplified IP flat architecture

Less transmission delay and easier O&M

S1 and X2 interfaces are based on a full IP transport stack

The philosophy of the SAE is to focus on the packet-switched domain, and

HSS PCRF Control plane

S1-MME S5 SGi Operator's

Transfer of user data Inter-cell interference coordination

Radio channel ciphering and Connection setup and release

Mobility control functions NAS node selection function

Paging Radio access network sharing

3. LTE key features

Guard Band Subcarrier

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) addresses both of these

OFDM provides a technique allowing the bandwidths of modulated carriers to

1.4MHz 128 1.92MHz

3MHz 256 3.84MHz

5MHz 512 7.68MHz

15MHz 1536 23.04MHz

20MHz 2048 30.72MHz

Time dispersion on the radio channel may cause ISI

To deal with this problem, cyclic-prefix insertion is typically used in case

Subcarrier orthogonality will then be preserved also in case of a time-

Configuration CP Length (Ts) Time Delay

High spectrum efficiency - the bandwidth of each subcarrier would be

With multiple subcarriers transmitting in parallel, long symbol duration is

Especially with a cyclic prefix, inter-symbol interference could be minimized