Thermal Systems Design Lab

DATE:
NRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada. Approved by AICTE-New Delhi)
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
THERMAL SYSTEMS DESIGN LAB

COURSE FILE
NAME ________________________________________________
CLASS ________________________________________________
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ROLL NO. _________________________________________________
SYLLABUS
Using software packages such as T K Solver, ANSYS, CATIA, PRO-E, HYPER MESH,
NASTRAN, CFX, STARCD, MATLAB, FLUENT, GAMBIT etc., should design, model,
analyze and optimize
a) Various mechanical components of Steam, Nuclear, gas turbine and Solar power plants.
b) Heat Exchangers.
c) Cryogenic systems
d) Propulsion systems
e) Refrigeration & Air conditioning systems.
f) Internal Combustion Engine systems
g) Internal flows & External flows over stream lined bodies.
h) Nano-fluid characteristics.
i) Bio-fuel characteristics.
j) Wind Energy systems.
THERMAL SYSTEMS DESIGN LAB RULES

1. All computer facilities are only to be used for college work. Students are not to be in a computer
room without a teachers permission.
2. Enter the room quietly. Lab users must sign in and sign out of the lab.
3. Do not eat or drink in the computer room. Do not chew gum.
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4. You are responsible for the computer you are using, so please check equipment at start of lesson
and notify teacher if necessary. Do not unplug or change equipment. No vandalizing computers in
anyway: this includes keyboard, mice, computer, and computer
5. Treat the equipment carefully and respectfully. You do not have permission to take apart any
equipment. Keep your hands OFF of other peoples computers.
6. Cooperate when using the printers. Try not to waste printing paper. Show on screen the teacher
your work for approval before printing it out.
7. Raise your hand when you need help. Dont wait till you lose your work (save often to the folder
provided on the network) or the computer shuts down on you before you alert someone of a
problem. Be patient and think about your problem or questions while waiting. Do not move or
adjust equipment without permission.
8. The internet is used for college-related work ONLY. When using the internet your usage is
monitored. Anyone accessing undesirable sites will have internet privileges removed and will be
formally disciplined. Surfing through web sites that are ethically wrong, and sending e-mails that
are ethically wrong, is strictly prohibited.
9. Clean up the area around your computer, and keep all surfaces neat and clean at all times. Throw
away any trash in the bin provided in the room.
10. No disks/CDs are to be brought in or taken out of the room without teachers permission. You
may not insert a disk in the computer until it has first been scanned for viruses.
11. Software may be installed by Computer Labs staff only. Do not install any software on your own.
Do not modify any software or files.
12. Watching films and listening to music are not allowed.
13. Participating in the behavior or activities that disturb others users or disrupt the operations of the
lab is not permitted. TURN OFF the computer while you are leaving the lab.
14. Any failure to fallow these lab rules may result in the loss of your lab privileges.
THERMAL SYSTEMS DESIGN LAB

INDEX
S.NO DATE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT REMARKS SIGN
2-D thermal analysis on a rectangular

1
plate
3
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Thermal analysis on a furnace wall

2
consists of two layers
Thermal analysis on a mild steel tank

3
which contain water
Thermal analysis on a wall which
4
contains brick, foam and wood
5 Laminar pipe flow
6 Turbulent pipe flow
Fluid flow and heat transfer in a

7
mixing Elbow.
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
Study of Conduction and Convective
Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Plate
1 with a Circular Hole under Steady
State Conditions
Transient Thermal Analysis of a

Cylindrical Vessel with Inner Hot
Surface and subjected to Convective
2
Boundary Condition(Application of
Axi-Symmetric Boundary Condition)
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1. 2-DIMENSIONAL THERMAL ANALYSIS ON RECTANGULAR

PLATE
Aim: To plot the Temp Distribution in the given 2-Dimensional Rectangular Plate of Thermal
Conductivity 40 w/m k. the dimensions of the plate are 100 mm wide and 200 mm deep. The temperature
is acting at top surface of the rectangular plate is 200 0 c and remaining three sides are 1000 c.
Analysis by using Ansys software is done by the following procedure:
Open Ansys software and follow below instructions.
1. Select the required analysis to be performed

Preferences Thermal Ok
2. Select the system of units
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Main menu Preprocessor Material Props Material library Select Units Select SI
(MKS) Ok
3. Select the suitable element for meshing
Preprocessor Element type Add/Edit/Delete Add Solid Quad 4node 55
Ok Close
4. Define the material behavior and its properties
Material properties Material models Thermal Conductivity Isotropic 40
Ok
5. Prepare the geometric model or physical model
First define the area
Modeling Create Areas Rectangle By dimension (X1,Y1)=(0,0)
(X2,Y2)=(10,20) Ok
6. Perform meshing operation to define elements and nodes
Meshing Mesh tool Areas Set Select the diagram Ok Element edge
length 1m Ok Mesh tool Mesh Select diagram Ok
7. Apply the loads
Solution Define loads Apply Thermal Temperature On lines Select L1, L2,
L3 Ok Enter temperature value=100c Ok On lines Select L4 Ok
Temperature value=200c Ok
8. Solve the problem
Main menu Solution Solve Current LS Ok Close
SOLUTION IS DONE
9. For seeing the temperature distribution

General post processor Plot results Contour plot Nodal solution DOF
Solution Nodal temperature Ok
10. Output displayed
For Animation click on plot controls animate deformed results Ok
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The figure shows the temperature distribution of the rectangular plate
2. THERMAL ANALYSIS ON A FURNACE WALL CONSISTS OF

TWO LAYERS
Consider the lengths, temperature, thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer co-efficient
of two layers.
Length of the 1st Layer L1=9 Inches Length of the 2nd Layer L2=5 Inches
Thermal Conductivity of the 1st Layer K1=0.8 Thermal Conductivity of the 2nd Layer K2=0.1
Ambient tempereture Ta = 800 C Tempereture of the fluid TF = 30000C
Tempereture at inside of the furnace Hi = 12 Tempereture at outside of the furnace Ho = 0.2
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Software used: Ansys14.5
PROCEDURE

Preferences Thermal-ok
(MKS) Ok
PRE PROCESSER: element type-add/edit/delete-add-link-3D conduction33-apply-
convection34-ok-close
4. Define the real constants
Real constant-add/edit/delete-add-ok-enter area value (1)-ok

Material prop-material model-material model num1-convection value (12)-ok
Again click on material-select new model num2-ok-thermal-conductivity-isotropic-give

conductivity value 0.8-ok

conductivity value 0.1-ok
Again click on material-select new model num4-ok-convection-give convection value (2)-ok

First define the nodes
Modeling-create-nodes-in active cs-give node values (-1,0)-apply-(0,0)-apply-(9,0)-apply-
(14,0)-apply-(15,0)- ok
Join the above defined nodes with elements

Elements-attributes-element type-link34-material num1-ok-autonumbered-select 1st and 2nd
nodes-ok
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Replace above by link33-materail num2-ok-autonumbered-select 2nd and 3rd nodes-ok
Replace above by link33-material num3-ok-autonumbered-select 3rd and 4th nodes-ok
Replace above by link34-material num4-ok-autonumbered-select 4th and 5th nodes-ok
7. Apply the loads on the beam

Solution-define loads-apply-thermal-temp-on nodes-select node num1-ok-give temp
value (3000)-ok
Again click on nodes-select node num5-ok-give temp value (80)-ok

9. For seeing the distribution
GENERAL POST PROCESSER-plot results-contour plot-nodal solution-DOF solution-

nodal temp-ok
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3. THERMAL ANALYSIS ON A MILD STEEL TANK WHICH

CONTAIN WATER
A Water tank of thickness 12 mm consisting of a water, at a temperature of 95 0c and temperature
of surrounding air 15 0c .the thermal conductivity of mild steel tank is 50 w/m 0c. The convective
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heat transfer co-efficient of hot fluid 2850 w/m2 0c and the convective heat transfer co-efficient
of cold fluid 10 w/m2 0c. Determine the rate of heat loss per m 2 of the tank surface area and the
temperature of the outside surface of the tank.
Software used: Ansys14.5
PROCEDURE

(MKS) Ok


conductivity 50-ok
Again click on material-select new model num4-ok-convection-give convection value (10)-

ok

Modeling-create-nodes-in active cs-give node values (-0.005,0)-apply-(0,0)-apply-(0.012,0)-
apply-(0.015,0)- ok
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nodes-ok

Solution-define loads-apply-thermal-temp-on nodes-select node num1-ok-give temp value
(95)-ok
Again click on nodes-select node num4-ok-give temp value (15)-ok


nodal temp-ok
4. THERMAL ANALYIS ON A WALL WHICH CONTAINS

BRICK,FOAM AND WOOD
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A wall which is insulated by three materials brick, form and wood of thickness
0.22 m,0.09m and 0.016 m respectively. the thermal conductivity of the three
materials are 0.99 w/m k,0.022 w/mk and 0.034 w/mk. The thermal convection
values at the inside and outside of the wall are 11 w/m2k and 30 w/m2k. the inner
side temperature of the wall are -3 0 C and outside temperature of the wall is 25 0 C.
find the temperature distribution in the wall.

(MKS) Ok


conductivity 0.99-ok


Again click on material-select new model num4-ok-convection-give convection value (30)-

ok
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Modeling-create-nodes-in active cs-give node values (-0.5,0)-apply-(0,0)-apply-(0.22,0)-
apply-(0.31,0) -(0.326,0)-apply -(0.5,0) - ok

nodes-ok
Replace above by link34-material num4-ok-autonumbered-select 4th and 5th nodes-ok

Solution-define loads-apply-thermal-temp-on nodes-select node num1-ok-give temp value
(25)-ok
Again click on nodes-select node num4-ok-give temp value (-3)-ok


nodal temp-ok
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5. LAMINAR PIPE FLOW
Consider fluid flowing through a circular pipe of constant radius as shown above
The pipe diameter D = 0.2 m and
Length L=8 meters.
The inlet velocity Uz = 1m/sec
Consider the velocity to be constant over the inlet cross section
The fluid exhausts in to the ambient atmosphere
This is at a pressure of 1 atm
p= 1 kg/m3
=2x10-3 kg/m-3
Re=100
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PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
We expect the viscous boundary layer to grow along the pipe starting at the inlet.
It will eventually grow to fill the pipe completely.
When this happens, the flow becomes fully developed and there is no variation of the
velocity profile in the axial direction.
One can obtain a closed form solution to the governing equation in the fully developed
region.
Steps to solve the problem
Start 2D version of the fluent.

Read the grid file laminar flow.msh from the specified folder location.
Check the grid.
Scale the grid.
Display the grid for verifying the mesh file.
The axis symmetry nature of geometry must be specified.
Define models-solver-in space select Axi-symmetric
The viscous model parameters will be specified.
In order to open the viscous model ,click on
Define-models-viscous-laminar
The properties of the fluid that is being modeled will be specified
Define-materials-change the values by given values and
Click change/create their close panel
Define boundary conditions
Set surface-body to fluid (air).

Set center line to axis.
When the dialog box appears click yes to change the boundary type.
Set inlet velocity inlet.
Click on set, open velocity inlet panel.
Select velocity specification methods to components and set the axial velocity (m/s) to 1
m/s.
Select the boundary conditions menu-set to prerinse out let
No further champs are needed for the outlet boundary condition
Select pipe-wall in the boundary condition ( b/c ) menu
Set to wall.
Save the file case.
A second order discretization scheme will be used to appropriate the solution.
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In order to implement the second order scheme click on solution methods then click on
momentum and select second order upwind.
The flow field will be initialized to the value at the inlet. In order to carry out the
initialization click on solution initialization then click on compute from and select the
inlet and then click on initialize button.
In order to specify the residual criterial.
Solve-monitors-residuals-plot
Solve-iterate-set no. of iterations.
After solution converges go to post processing
Results
Velocity vectors:
Display vectors
Displays half portion of the pipe.
Display-views
- Mirror planes.
- Axis.
- Apply.
Model graph:
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6. TURBULENT PIPE FLOW
Problem specification
Consider fluid flowing through a circular pipe of constant radius as illustrated above.
The pipe diameter D=0.2m and length L= 8m.
The inlet velocity Uz = 1m/s
=2x10-3 kg/m-3
Re=10,000
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Preliminary analysis
At the Reynoldss number Re = 10,000 the flow is usually completely turbulent.

A turbulent flow exhibits small scale fluctuations in time.
It is usually not possible to resolve these functions in CFD calculations.
So the flow variables such as velocity, pressure etc. are time averaged.
No turbulence model is currently available that is valid for all types of flows and so it is
necessary to choose and fine-tone a model for particular classes of flows.
In the exercise, you will be turned loose on variants of the K-E model.
The K-E models consist of two differentials two equations have to be solved along with
the time averaged continuity, momentum and energy equations.
This is an exercise to what your appetite for turbulent flow calculations.
Steps to solve problem
Start the 2 D version of the fluent

Read the grid file Turbulent.msh from specified folder location
Check the grid
Scale the grid
Display grid for verifying the mesh file
The axi symmetric nature of the geometry must be specified.
Under Define-models-solver in space, select axi symmetric.
The various model parameters will be specified
Model options define-models-viscous.
Select k-epsilon ( 2 equations).
Click on ok
Define materials .
Change/create then close panel
Define operating conditions
Define boundary conditions.
In order to save your work
Click on file-case.
In order to specify the residual criteria click on
Solve-monitors-residuals- select plot.
After solution converges go to post processing
Results ( Post processing)
Velocity vectors
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Display vectors.
Display-viewsunder Mirror plans.
Select axis and click apply.
Center line velocity
Click plots-xy plot.set up

Solution xy plot
X axis and x is set to 1 and y to 0
Centerline under surface
Click on plot
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7. FLUID FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN A MIXING ELBOW
Steps to solve problem
Start the 3 D version of the FLUENT.

Read grid file elbow.msh from specified folder location.
Check the grid.
Scale the grid.
Be sure to click the scale button only once.
Click the change length units button to let inches as the working unit for length.
Conform that the domain extents are as shown in previous panel.
Display grid for verifying the mesh file.
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Keep the default values for solver

Under Define models-solver
Define models-viscous
Select k-epsilon (2 equations)
Click ok
Enable the energy equation
Under Define models-energy
Define-materials-change the values by given values and click on
Density to 1000, Cp=4216, K=0.672, Viscosity to 8e-4.
Define operating conditions
Default value at 1 atm (101,325 pa)
Boundary conditions
Set fluid to fluid (water)

Set inlet to velocity-inlet 5
Velocity method to component
Click thermal tab, set temperature 293.15 k
Click ok set velocity.
Set inlet to velocity in let 6.
Change the velocity specification method to component
Click thermal tap, set temperature 313.15k.
Click ok set velocity.
In order save your work (click) file-case.
Click on solve monitors-residuals-select plot.
Solve-iterative.
Result (post processing)
Velocity vectors
Select display-vectors.
Select symmetry-click on display.
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ADDITIONAL
EXPERIMENTS
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1. STUDY OF CONDUCTION AND CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN A

RECTANGULAR PLATE WITH A CIRCULAR HOLE UNDER STEADY
STATE CONDITIONS
Aim: To study temperature distribution and heat flux distribution in a plate subjected to thermal
loading (Considering conduction and convection effects)
A rectangular plate of size 1 x 0.5 m2 and 15 mm thick with a central circular hole of 0.2 m
diameter is considered in the analysis. The hole in the plate is heated to a temperature of 500 0C.
The heat is lost to the surroundings in the form of conduction through the plate and by
convection from the plate to the surroundings.
Here because of the symmetry in the geometry as well as in the loading, only quarter part of the
plate can also be considered for the analysis, by applying the symmetric boundary conditions.
Material properties: Here the variation of thermal conductivity with temperature is considered
in this analysis. The values of material properties are defined as follows:
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Temperature (0C)
0 100 200 300 400
Thermal Conductivity(W/m-k) 55.4 51.9 48.5 45 41.5
Specific heat = 465 J/kg-k
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Density = 7833 Kg/m3

Theory about the element:
Here the problem to be solved is modeled as two dimensional,
by defining the thickness as a real constant. Hence, Plane 55 is
the suitable element for the present analysis. It is 4-node, 2-D
quadrilateral element and possesses one degree of freedom
(Temperature) at each node (one at the each of the corners of
the quadrilateral).
This element is suitable for solving 2-D plane problems
(both steady and transient analysis), 3-D problems of finite
thickness and for the linear elastic loading conditions. It has two
behaviors 4-node quadrilateral (used for meshing regular
geometry) and 3-node triangle (used for meshing irregular
geometry).
Procedure:
Preferences Thermal
(MKS) Ok
Main menu Preprocessor Material Props Temperature Units Specify temperature
Units CELSIUS Ok
Main menu Preprocessor Element type Add/Edit/Delete Add Thermal Mass
Solid Quad 4 node 55 - Ok Options Element behavior Plane thickness Ok -
Close.
Main menu Preprocessor Real constants Add/Edit/Del Add Select PLANE55
Ok Enter the value for thickness 0.015 Ok.
Main menu Preprocessor Material Props Material models Thermal Conductivity
Isotropic One window will be displayed Click on the ADD TEMPERATURE (5
times It will add 5 columns T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) Enter the values given in the
following table:
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T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Temperature (0C)
0 100 200 300 400
Thermal
55.4 51.9 48.5 45 41.5
Conductivity(W/m-k)
Ok Density Enter the value of Density 7833 Ok - Specific heat Enter the value
of specific heat 465 Ok Close.
First mode the rectangle following this procedure
Main menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Areas Rectangle By two corners
Enter the coordinates for x, y - (0, 0) - Enter the value for the width of the plate 1.0
Enter the value for the height of the plate 0.5 Ok.
Now create a circular plane at the centre of the rectangular plane
Preprocessor Modeling Create Areas Circle solid circle enter the location for
the centre of the circle (x 0.5, y 0.25) Enter the radius of the circle 0.1 Ok.
Now create a circular hole in the rectangle
Preprocessor Modeling Operate Booleans Subtract - Areas Pick the base area
(Rectangle)- Ok Apply Enter the area number 2 (for circle) Ok..
Initially set the element attributes like material properties and element type for all the
areas and then define the no. of divisions in to which each line should be divided. Then
perform meshing, resulting in nodes and elements.
Main menu Preprocessor Meshing Mesh tool Element attributes Set Ok Size
controls Lines - Set Pick horizontal lines in rectangle Enter the no. of element
divisions 20 Apply - Pick vertical lines in rectangle Enter the no. of element
divisions 20 Ok Mesh Areas Triangle shape Free mesh - Mesh Pick the area
(rectangle) Close Refine at Lines Refine Pick the circle Ok Select the level
of refinement 3 Ok Close.
8. Define Analysis Type
Main menu - Solution - Analysis Type - New Analysis Steady state Ok
9. Define the loads
Main menu Solution Define loads Apply Thermal Temperature On Lines
Pick the circle - Ok Pick the Degrees of freedom to be constrained Temperature
Enter the value 500 Ok .
Now apply the convective boundary condition
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Main menu Solution Define loads Apply Thermal Convection On Lines Pick
the two vertical lines Ok Enter the value of film coefficient (Heat transfer coefficient
W/m2-k) 40 Enter the value of Bulk temperature 40 Ok .
the two horizontal lines Ok Enter the value of film coefficient (Heat transfer
coefficient W/m2-k) 10 Enter the value of Bulk temperature 40 Ok
FOR VIEWING THE RESULTS
11. For converting in to 3-D proceed with the following procedure
Utility menu Plot Controls Style Size and edge options Display of element ON
Ok.
Utility menu Plot Replot.
12. For seeing the deflection curve (Uy) and various stresses
Main menu General post proc Plot results Contour plot Nodal solution Dof
Solution Temperature Ok.
Main menu General post proc Plot results Contour plot Thermal gradient X-
component of thermal gradient Ok
Main menu General post proc Plot results Contour plot Thermal gradient Y-
Main menu General post proc Plot results Contour plot Thermal flux X-
Main menu General post proc Plot results Contour plot Thermal flux Y-
13. To visualize the animation

Utility menu Plot controls Animate deformed results pick the results required -
Ok.
14. To save the Images of results
First plot the required results as mentioned in Step-12. Then go to
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Utility menu Plot controls write meta file Invert white/black Enter the location to
save the image Ok.
15. Result: Steady state thermal analysis is performed on a rectangular plate with a circular
hole and it has been found that
Maximum heat flux in X-direction
Maximum heat flux in Y-direction
Maximum temperature gradient in X-direction
Maximum temperature gradient in Y-direction
Lowest temperature in the plate is observed at __________________location and its
value is found to be _____________
Display of element
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Dof Solution-Nodal Temperature
Thermal gradient X-component of thermal gradient
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Thermal gradient Y-component of thermal gradient
Thermal flux X-component of thermal gradient
Thermal flux Y-component of thermal gradient
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2. TRANSIENT THERMAL ANALYSIS OF A CYLINDRICAL VESSEL WITH

INNER HOT SURFACE AND SUBJECTED TO CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY
CONDITION
(APPLICATION OF AXI-SYMMETRIC BOUDNARY CODNITION)
Aim: To study temperature distribution and heat flux distribution in a pipe with internal hot
surface subjected to convective boundary conditions, under time varying conditions
A metallic jar of 50 mm thick and length 1000 mm, having inner diameter of 250 mm is
subjected to high temperature of 7500C at its inner surface. The inner diameter at the top surface
is 200 mm. The base of the cylinder is insulated to avoid the heating of the support and it is
permitted to lose the heat to surroundings from the circumference and from the top surface.
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The heat is lost to the surroundings in the form of conduction through the thickness of the
cylinder and by convection from the cylinder circumference to the surroundings.
Here because of the symmetry in the geometry as well as in the loading, axisymmetric boundary
condition is applied. Radial section of the cylindrical jar is given in the above figure.
Material properties: Here the variation of thermal conductivity with temperature is considered
in this analysis. The values of material properties are defined as follows:
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Temperature (0C)
0 100 200 300 400
Thermal Conductivity(W/m-k) 55.4 51.9 48.5 45 41.5
Specific heat = 465 J/kg-k, Density = 7833 Kg/m3

Theory about the element:
Here the problem to be solved is modeled as two dimensional,
by defining the thickness as a real constant. Hence, Plane 55 is
the suitable element for the present analysis. It is 4-node, 2-D
quadrilateral element and possesses one degree of freedom
(Temperature) at each node (one at the each of the corners of
the quadrilateral).
This element is suitable for solving 2-D plane problems
(both steady and transient analysis), 3-D problems of finite
thickness and for the linear elastic loading conditions. It has two
behaviors 4-node quadrilateral (used for meshing regular
geometry) and 3-node triangle (used for meshing irregular
geometry).
Procedure:
Preferences Thermal
(MKS) Ok
Main menu Preprocessor Material Props Temperature Units Specify temperature
Units CELSIUS Ok
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Main menu Preprocessor Element type Add/Edit/Delete Add Thermal Mass

Solid Quad 4 node 55 - Ok Options Element behavior Axisymmetric Ok -
Close.
Main menu Preprocessor Material Props Material models Thermal Conductivity
Isotropic One window will be displayed Click on the ADD TEMPERATURE (5
times It will add 5 columns T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) Enter the values given in the
following table:
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7
Temperature (0C)
0 100 200 300 400 600 800
Thermal
55.4 51.9 48.5 45 41.5 34.7 31.2
Conductivity(W/m-k)
Ok Density Enter the value of Density 7833 Ok - Specific heat Enter the value
of specific heat 465 Ok Close.
First mode the rectangle following this procedure
Main menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Areas Rectangle By two corners
Enter the coordinates for x, y - (0, 0) - Enter the value for the width of the plate 0.3
Enter the value for the height of the plate 0.05 Apply - Enter the coordinates for x, y -
(0.25, 0.05) - Enter the value for the width of the plate 0.05 Enter the value for the
height of the plate 0.9 Apply - Enter the coordinates for x, y - (0.1, 0.95) - Enter the
value for the width of the plate 0.2 Enter the value for the height of the plate 0.05
Ok
Now create a circular hole in the rectangle
Preprocessor Modeling Operate Booleans Add - Areas Pick all the areas Ok
Initially set the element attributes like material properties and element type for all the
areas and then define the no. of divisions in to which each line should be divided. Then
perform meshing, resulting in nodes and elements.
Main menu Preprocessor Meshing Mesh tool Element attributes Set Ok Size
controls Lines - Set Pick all Enter the no. of element divisions 40 Ok Mesh
Areas Triangle shape Free mesh - Mesh Pick the area (rectangle) Close
7. Define Analysis Type
Main menu - Solution - Analysis Type - New Analysis Transient Ok Full - Ok
8. Define the loads
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ANSYS main menu Solution Analysis type - Solution controls Window will be
opened
(i) Basic Analysis options Large displacement static Enter the time at the end of
laodstep 12000 Automatic time stepping OFF Pick the time increment
Enter the time step size 50 All solution items Pick the frequency of results
Write every substep
(ii) Transient Stepped loading
(iii) Solution options Frequency of results Write every substep - Ok
Main menu Solution Define loads Apply Thermal Temperature On Lines
Pick the 3 inner edges of the rectangle - Ok Pick the Degrees of freedom to be
constrained Temperature Enter the value 750 Ok .
Now apply the convective boundary condition
the right extreme vertical lines Ok Enter the value of film coefficient (Heat transfer
coefficient W/m2-k) 50 Enter the value of Bulk temperature 27 Ok .
the top most horizontal line and connecting left most vertical line Ok Enter the value
of film coefficient (Heat transfer coefficient W/m2-k) 30 Enter the value of Bulk
temperature 27 Ok
the bottom most horizontal line (For insulation boundary condition, h = 0) Ok Enter
the value of film coefficient (Heat transfer coefficient W/m 2-k) 0 Enter the value of
Bulk temperature 27 Ok
FOR VIEWING THE RESULTS
10. Time History post processor For time dependent results
Variation of temperature with time (to find the time at which steady state is reached)
Main Menu Time History post proc Click on (+) symbol on the top of the window
(Add the variables)- Nodal Solution - Dof Solution Temp - Ok Pick a node on the
right vertical line (for radial temperature distribution) Ok Click on List data (3 rd
button beside + in the window) Window will display the variation of Temperature
with the Time
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In the 'Time History Variables' window click the 'Plot' button, 2 buttons to the left of
'Add'.
Select Utility Menu Plot Controls - Style - Graphs - Modify Axis
Enter X-Label Time (Seconds) Enter Y-Label Temperature (Degrees) Thickness of
the Axes Single X-axis scale Linear Y-axis scale Linear Ok
Utility Menu - Plot Replot
Plot Controls Write meta file Invert white/black Specify the location - Save
Repeat this step and plot the graphs presenting the variation of temperature,
temperature gradient and thermal flux with time.
11. For converting in to 3-D proceed with the following procedure
Utility menu Plot Controls Style Symmetry expansion 2 D axisymmetric Select
the required expansion amount Ok.
Utility menu Plot Replot
12. To visualize the animation
Utility menu Plot controls Animate deformed results pick the results required -
Ok.
13. To plot the variations
General post processor Plot results Contour plot Nodal solution DoF solution
Nodal Temperature Ok
General post processor Plot results Contour plot Thermal gradient Y-component
Ok
General post processor Plot results Contour plot Thermal gradient X-component
Ok
General post processor Plot results Contour plot Thermal flux Y-component Ok
General post processor Plot results Contour plot Thermal flux X-component Ok
General post processor Plot results Vector plot Predefined Flux and gradient -
Thermal flux Ok
14. To save the Images of results

First plot the required results as mentioned in Step-13. Then go to
Utility menu Plot controls write meta file Invert white/black Enter the location to
save the image Ok.
36
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15. Result: Transient thermal analysis is performed on a cylindrical vessel and the variation
of temperature, heat flux and thermal gradients with time are plotted.
Steady state temperature is found at ________________Seconds.
Nodal Temperature
37
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Thermal gradient X-component
38
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Thermal gradient Y-component
Thermal flux X-component
39
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Thermal flux Y-component
40

Thermal Systems Design Lab

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Thermal Systems Design Lab

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NRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ISO 9001:2008 Certified

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

THERMAL SYSTEMS DESIGN LAB

ROLL NO. _________________________________________________

analyze and optimize

THERMAL SYSTEMS DESIGN LAB RULES

THERMAL SYSTEMS DESIGN LAB

2-D thermal analysis on a rectangular

Thermal analysis on a furnace wall

Thermal analysis on a mild steel tank

5 Laminar pipe flow

6 Turbulent pipe flow

Fluid flow and heat transfer in a

Transient Thermal Analysis of a

1. 2-DIMENSIONAL THERMAL ANALYSIS ON RECTANGULAR

Analysis by using Ansys software is done by the following procedure:

Open Ansys software and follow below instructions.

1. Select the required analysis to be performed

9. For seeing the temperature distribution

The figure shows the temperature distribution of the rectangular plate

2. THERMAL ANALYSIS ON A FURNACE WALL CONSISTS OF

Software used: Ansys14.5

1. Select the required analysis to be performed

4. Define the real constants

Real constant-add/edit/delete-add-ok-enter area value (1)-ok

5. Define the material behavior and its properties

Again click on material-select new model num2-ok-thermal-conductivity-isotropic-give

Again click on material-select new model num3-ok-thermal-conductivity-isotropic-give

Again click on material-select new model num4-ok-convection-give convection value (2)-ok

6. Prepare the geometric model or physical model

Join the above defined nodes with elements

Replace above by link33-materail num2-ok-autonumbered-select 2nd and 3rd nodes-ok

Replace above by link33-material num3-ok-autonumbered-select 3rd and 4th nodes-ok

Replace above by link34-material num4-ok-autonumbered-select 4th and 5th nodes-ok

7. Apply the loads on the beam

Again click on nodes-select node num5-ok-give temp value (80)-ok

8. Solve the problem

GENERAL POST PROCESSER-plot results-contour plot-nodal solution-DOF solution-

3. THERMAL ANALYSIS ON A MILD STEEL TANK WHICH

Software used: Ansys14.5

1. Select the required analysis to be performed

4. Define the real constants

Real constant-add/edit/delete-add-ok-enter area value (1)-ok

5. Define the material behavior and its properties

Again click on material-select new model num2-ok-thermal-conductivity-isotropic-give

Again click on material-select new model num4-ok-convection-give convection value (10)-

6. Prepare the geometric model or physical model

Join the above defined nodes with elements

Elements-attributes-element type-link34-material num1-ok-autonumbered-select 1st and 2nd

Replace above by link33-materail num2-ok-autonumbered-select 2nd and 3rd nodes-ok

Replace above by link34-material num4-ok-autonumbered-select 3rd and 4th nodes-ok

7. Apply the loads on the beam

Again click on nodes-select node num4-ok-give temp value (15)-ok

8. Solve the problem

GENERAL POST PROCESSER-plot results-contour plot-nodal solution-DOF solution-

4. THERMAL ANALYIS ON A WALL WHICH CONTAINS

1. Select the required analysis to be performed

4. Define the real constants

Real constant-add/edit/delete-add-ok-enter area value (85)-ok

5. Define the material behavior and its properties

Again click on material-select new model num2-ok-thermal-conductivity-isotropic-give

Again click on material-select new model num2-ok-thermal-conductivity-isotropic-give