lf you need any climbing " like a helmet or

Grarx'rvrar ropes, that shop over there is the place to 9o'

I r. .'- : ii::, i:;
The amount of ............'....'...'....... the average family eats in
Britain seems to go uP every Year'
1 ComPlete each gaP with a, the or -' onto the
lf you take a large number of """ "' .........

Working in films plane, you have to PaY extra'

You don't need to be (1) "........"'3""""""" famous actor

to get 5 Jack sends long emails but they contain little
.. about what he's doing'
(2) . . .. part on (3) . " '" film set but you need to
bottom For example 6 We climbed to the top of the tower where the
be willing to start at (4) .......""""" "" ' .. were sPectacular'
you could spend hours standing in (5) rain by
7 Here are a few.."...'..'... on how to get a job in the
...
() . . .'. gate in (7) . ' '" field stopping music industrY.
(8). PeoPle from coming in'
..

vou t vou a traditionar

rn (e) Britain and most other countries, l::: ::-:}ffiJ}i J:5:
should look for (10) . . ..."" job as (11) '' ' " 9 You can walk to the hostel from the statlon unless
you
'runner'. Runners fetch things and help generally' This is have a great deal of '..""""""""""""" '
(12).. .. . ..... most junior job and even if you want to be 10 You might not get the job because you have little
(13) . . . camera operator, it's (14)""""""""""" good
.... .. in advertislng'

place to start. You could do (15) " ' """ training course
but (1) best qualification is (17) " " ""'
VoeabrlarY
experience.

t & For each sentence, choose a word from the box'

Then circle job or work n each sentence'

weekend outdoor Paid skilled

full-time temPorarY

1 I have a..'............".....'.."""""""""iob / work- I work eight

hours a daY, five daYs a week'
2 I can'lafford to live on what I earn - I need to find a

well-................ iob / work'

3 l'm looking for...'..........' iob / work- I don't
'

mind what it is but l'm only free on Saturdays and

Complete each sentence with a word from the box' Sundays.
You don't need to use all the words but you will need l'm oniy working here for six weeks because this is
a
4
to make some of them Plural' ...........-.--- iob / work'

5 You need qualifications and training to be a mechanic -

advice dish equipment experience food
it's...................... .. . .. . .iob / work'
information knowledge luggage
........................................... job / workcan
be very demanding
scenery suggestion suitcase tool view in the winter but I prefer it to working in an office'

1 There are few of two courses which can

......'..lTr.qals....'..'.'

be prepared in less than 20 minutes'

 lriirr lri * ..3.i.-.".
lrJr'**ir - -,,*i. ..-.,,. *.t
Dear Jay, Thank you for your letter. I have a job in a
2 :@,:' Five of the sentences below contain an
incorrect word. Correct them and put a tick (/) next shop near where I live. I work every Saturday
to the sentences which are correct. (1) ...................b!if............
. .. in the holidays I work full-time.
1 I saw a really funny programme on TV last night. (2) .................. I enjoy the contact with people,
....,....,..:{. it's a shoe shop and I'm not really interested in what
2 l'm not working tomorrow I'm sellingl IVIost people don't want to work in the
so l'll take the pessibility to
play tennis. .....appqfl.Crnj.ry.....
evening (3) ............. .... it's not too difflcult
to get an evening or weekend job in a supermarket
3 Thirty years ago, people didn't have so many occasions
to travel. Some even stay open aU night! (4)
students often work in restaurants and cafs because
4 My father's written a novel and there,s an opportunity
that's usuaily evening and weekend work too so you
it might be published.
could look for a job as a waiter. (5)
5 The course will be funny as the other students are
the weekends are probably when you want to spend
friendly.
time with your friends. (6) ...........................................you
l'll lend you my necklace as it's a special occasion.
mght get free food and that will save you money! I
hope that's helpful. (7) .................... the jobs I
7 ls there a possibility that you could work on Saturday suggest are hard work. However, i think working in a
instead of Friday?
restaurant is more interesting. (g)............... ..
I l've been offered a wonderful occasion to play at a I can send you details of some websites you could
music festival. look at which advertise summer jobs. I look forward to
seeing you in the summer. Best wishes, Ben

Writing iP*riAi***r
1 Read the exam question be1ow. Then complete each Answer these questions.
gap in the reply with a linking word. or phrase from
the box.
1 Which jobs does Ben write about?
2 What explanation does he give for suggesting these
jobs?
You have received a letter from an American 3 Which job does he suggest is best? What reasons does
student called Jay. Read this part of the letter and he give?
then write your letter to Jay.
The Ietter doesn't have any paragraphs. Mark where
When I finish school, I,m going to spend the summer
they should go.
in your country and I'd like to get a job. Can you tell
me what kinds of jobs are availabf e for students and
which you think is best to apply for?
Thanks,
Jay

Write your letter in 140-i.90 words in an

appropriate style.
',,rrr,.:11:i:::i:i:r:itllii3:arr:r,t:i:at:::ia,-rilr::111a:1 .:::u:t:1.:r:,:.:i::..:.:r:r.:.:,.::..iiat,.trr:.r:iitit.:t:.i:..

although both for the same reason, bf

it you like,
so as a result
the disadvantage is that on the other hand,
 Wrtr:g r l..::,.].',- ,.:. r...r-r...]:,..:,-.r:-::'-.] .:
,,.-,:- :.i'.:rr.,.r...']r...r,.,.,::r 7 Look at the job advertisement. Write a
letter of application and ask for further
information about the job. Use the notes
Remember to leave some time at the
end of the Writinq paper to to help you.
check your work for mistakes with capital
f ,nJ f r""i,rl,,.".
"r,"., Ryont Cof ond
4 Read the first part of a student's retter Restouront
of apprication berow. Add
the capital letters she forgot to use.

dear sirlmadam,
i am writing to apply in response to your advertisement
for a
tour guide in the bosham daily news last
thursday.
i am a Z'-year-ord history student at arunder
university, where, We are currenfly expanding
since march, i have been vice_president
of the Canute Iocal
history society. as a result, i have a good knowledge our temporary team of waiters
of bosham.s for the summer months.
history and am able to speak confidntly Hct,lns ,.'. -
on the events and
Iegends which make the town such an You should:
aitraction, especiaily for . have some experience
spanish tourists.
. enjoy dealing with people
o be willing to work Houriti .
5 Now rook some
at the second harf of the student's letter.
Add anv) full weekends. pnrt
of
stops or commas the student forgot. Write, explaining why you
would be suitable for the job,
Although I have never given tours before I
am used to aearing to:
with the public Last summer I worked in a Dnus c=:.
stationery shop Mrs Anna Richardson
where I had to serve customers and handle tfu v'tt::
money and the Manager.
year before I worked at my local swimming
pool as a fifeguara
obviously both of these experiences wourd
herp me enoousry
if I were successful with this application
Being a student I am available to work throughout E Look at the words below and underline
August including weekends I would also July and
be able to attend an the letters that represent the sound
interview any weekday morning this month /au/
1 SO 5 below
I look forward to hearing from you 2 home 6 sho u lders
3 coa potatoes
Yours faithfully I
7
4 although
Luca Puerto

6 Add any missing apostrophes to the sentences Notice that the sound /au/ can be
berow.
represented by the single letter o and
1 I had a month's experience at a burger bar in my by
2 lts an opportunity to get some work experience. hometown. the two-letter and four-letter combinations
oa, oe, out ow and ough. lt can also be
3 My uncle has a restaurant, where I work most summers. represented by the combination o +
4 I spent months looking for work as a waiter, but r courdnt consonant(s) + e, e.g. home.
find anything.
5 I use my sisters boyfriends scooter to get to the restaurant. Complete the words with the correct
I will work over the summer in my dads caf. spelling of the sound /au/.
7 I am familiar with the citys history and a, its famous 1
I The restaurant has its own head waiter, whos there torandmarks. t....p
2 v.....t.....
5 t....

everything goes well.

make sure 6 ft.....
3 1.....n.....1y 7 b.....th
4 s.....1 8 th.....
IW
Listening I Par"r 1 Reading and Use of English Fmr 7

You will hear people talking in eight different You are going to read an article about being a newsp
DO,
situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer reporter. For questions 1-10, choose from the people
(A, B or C). (A-D). The people may be chosen more than once.
1 You overhear two people talking at the end of the day. Which person says
Where are they?
A in a shop they had a particular advantage when
B in an office applying for one job?
C at home
time for research is often limited?
2 You hear a man talking on the phone about a job he
their present job is good training for their
has been offered. How does he feel?
A confused future career? t::n
B upset
C disappointed they find it difficult when they are not
permitted to finish something? r--l
3 You hear a woman talking on the radio about her job.
She says it's
A tiring.
it is important to take advantage of subject
areas you know a lot about?
rr-l
B interesting.
C exciting. a wide range of general knowledge is
important? rtl_-l
4 You hear a woman talking to a group of students. What
is she doing?
A asking for information
it is important not to make mistakes? ffj-l
B giving advice they have not advanced steadily in their
C explaining a decision career?
r,-_l
5 You hear two people talking about their office' What
do they agree about? it is important for them to build links with
the community? 1.,r--l
A They need more places for storage.
B There are too manY PeoPle in it'
that journalists should not let their own
C There's too much noise.
point of view influence what they write? f3:i--l
You hear a teenager talking to his boss. What excuse
does he give for being late?
A He didn't have anY transPort.
B He wasn't glven information he needed.
C He had to help someone.
7 You hear a message on a telephone answering service.
The speaker wants to
A offer thanks
B make a suggestion
C change a plan
8 You hear a girl talking to a friend. What job does she
prefer?
A waitress
B kitchen assistant
C recePtionist

- W

b
 Write stories far

*l
I

*l
:l As a reporter, you really have to be ready for anything. A My first job was with a regional paper. I think the editor was

story could come up on a subject you know nothing about impressed by the fact that I come from the area and know

and you may have just half an hour to read a report or past about local issues, I now work from home on a freelance
I

stories before you interview someone. I spend most of my basis, writing features for the Sunday newspapers. You

-t !
time in the office, unfortunately. My advice for potential have to be very self-motivated and able to generate ideas

journalists is that you need to be able to speak to anyone in for new stories allthe time. ln a good week l'll selltwo or
i
all walks of life. A story could come up where the subject is three features to magazines. Some weeks l'll sell nothing.

close to your heart but you have to be unbiased and open to Journalism isn't a profession where you progress upwards
I

other people's opinions, even if you do not agree with them. from one position to the next. l've made several moves
Every subject is useful - you need to know a little bit about already but it's not clear whether they were upwards,
I
everything. downwards or sideways! You need to be prepared to

@
I would say about 60% of my time is spent inside the office.
work hard to get work experience, get a qualification and
demonstrate your commitment. lf you're a specialist in
anything (sport, music, computer games), write about it.

It is always better to visit someone in their house as it

makes for a much better story, but due to time constraints
unfortunately this is not always possible. The experience l'm I had no career plan at all when I graduated - lfound wuk
gaining at a local newspaper will set me up for a job on a with a very small family-owned paper where I found mysetf

bigger newspaper. Local newspapers are a great source of doing all sorts of jobs, While there I decided to train as a

news for national newspapers, The general agreement at journalist. I must be the only person in the universe to 'fa[

my newspaper is that the story can be passed on as long as into' journalism! A crucial part of my job is buitding

it has appeared in our paper 0r 0n our website first. To be locally. I attend a lot of council meetings to try to find mt
a journalist you must be outgoing and professional, and you what is going on with the 15,000 employees and attend
also have to ensure accuracy in all stories, You will often numerous other meetings. Why do ldorit? lt's certainly

find yourself in a situation where you have to generate a not for the money, which is very poor. I really enjoy seeirg

conversation with a complete stranger who may not want to my words change things. The frustratrons,include leaving

speak to youl a story l'm enjoying working on because,the editor wanb

something else.
 Grammar Complete the sentences with a verb from the box
both fits grammatically and makes sense. There are
r:{{r:{tivm ;.r:d vq*n&: * *i3ff two verbs which you don't need to use.

admitted allowed avoided deidd',r,

expet,,1,1,,f ile.d :l'r, r plOmid, l,
suceeedd
thought warned

My parents weren't h"ppy about it but they............

me to go paragliding when I was 14.
My father on|y............................. to learn how to snowboard
when he was 50 and now he's better than me!
Everyone .. Daniel to win the race so they
were surprised when he lost.
The ski instructor .. taking us on the higher
slopes because it was our first lesson.
The guide was really embarrassed when he
not knowing the way home.
Unfortunately we ............... to reach the top of the
mountain because of the bad weather.
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Nobody had............................. about bringing a map in case
verb in brackets (the infinitive or -ing form). fn some we got lost.
of the sentences, both are correct. The team were so huppy when they............................. in
1 I began .. (go) snowboarding when I went winning the silver cup.
to stay with my uncle in the mountains.
There was no point .. (try) to windsurf
yesterday because there wasn't enough wind. Vocabulary
We contin ued ....................... ...... (trai n) fo r the race eve n
ffhrasa v#rhs mne* *xpr*s*ns w;th fxke
though the weather was terrible.
I stopped .. (rest) after running for five 1 @ Complete the sentences using the correct form of
kilometres. one of the expressions.
Remember ..(not go) to college tomorrow
as it's closed.
I started .. (do) rock climbing when I was a
university student.
7 Don't forget .. (bring) plenty of water on the 1 Everybody is welcome to ............................. the race.
climbing trip. 2 Jack was injured so Andy .. on the team and
8 lt wasn't worth ............ (continue) up the mountain played in the final instead.
because we couldn't see anything through the mist. A professional tennis match can ............................. five hours
9 My family stopped .. (visit) Scotland every to complete.
summer when my grandparents moved. lf you don't .. when you're young, your
10 I prefer .. (sail) on the sea to on a lake. health may suffer when you're older.
1'l I was offered a place in the regional swimming team We decided to............................. and go sailing even
but it meant ..(travel) to competitions every though the wind was quite strong.
weekend. There weren't enough tennis rackets for everyone so
we had to ............................. playing.
when I saw him but I forgot.

E
 =

t
2 @ Look at the phrasal verbs and their definitions' Writing
f"r, .o*plete the sentences with the correct verb' 1 Find ten spelling mistakes in this report'
take sthg uP to start a new hobbY or activitY
RePort on college triP to
to be good at, or enjoY something new Brookwood Adventure Centre

Introduction
The aim ofthis report is to evaluate the recent college
take off trip to BrookwoodAdventure Centre and to make
recomendations about future college visits to this centre'
take sthg on
College trip, t9-23 lwrre
(trr o
Brookwood is conviniently situated from the coilege
1 I take . my father' He was scared of heights hours by bus) near Bluewater Lake' zo students from
e
too. college spent five days there and took part in a sailing
2 l've been asked to take ...""" """ """""' the role of grouP
course.
leader on the next climbing expedition'
3 Her career as an underwater photographer has really The facilities
taken.........'... . Her photos are always in dlfferent The acommodation was very confortable and spacious'
magazines.
I think he should take .....'..""""""""""' a
new challenge' The food was excelent, although some students said
4
Somethrng like cross-country running would be
good' there wasn't enough choice. There are also cheap
5 The injured rugby player was taken """"""""""""""' by restaurants a short bycycle ride away'
ambulance.
I didn't think l'd enjoy it much but I really took The courses
.. snowboarding' lt wasn't as difflcult
as l'd
The actities were well organised and safe standads
expected. were high. Students said they enjoyed the course despite
the bad wether. Some students thought there weren't
'.:,, .i:,;.; i i * ;r'i. a i'', :lr, !t l. l'i :, ti |
I :' 1, I l"l'li
enough oportunities to practise sailing but they r'r'ere
l-. i

3 @ Circle the correct word. impressed with the instructors, who were ali extremell-
watching / looking experienced. Each student was given a lot of
personal
1 I didn't realise so many people were
me when my windsurf crashed into a boat' attention wich helped them to develop their confidence'
2 People who enjoy playing / dongjudo must be so fit'
3 What kind of sports do you enjoy playing / dotng? Conclusion
4 The crowd was cheering so loudly I couldn't listen / I belive this course was beneficial for all the participants.
hear a word the referee was saYing'
recorded It was also good value for money' For these reasons I
5 Shall we watch /see the football match you
would suggest organising the same trip next year'
this evening?
Alisha hm b""n doing / going climbing every weeker
for the last three months' \
 Read a report and an email about an adventure ro: | ;""-
holiday *iitt..t by a student' Write R (report)
or E
From: f M-
(email) next to each statement'
factual' v@ l Attachment
1 lt's informative and -
Just got back from that adventure holiday
with college -
3 lt begins with a personal opinion' \ and what a disaster! lt was terrible!
4 lt doesn't use contractions' I For a start, each morning, before we could
do anything'
5 lts purpose is stated clearlY' - (1) we had to trekfor aes from where we were staying'
lt's narrative and more descriptive' - over this huge hill to the river, carrying all our
stuff'
7 lt makes future recommendations based It was (2) really exhaustng' (3) Practically everyone
on facts which are presented first l complained to the teachers about it, but they
couldn't
8 lt's semi-formal and businesslike i- do anything.
(4) We also missed half a day's raftng because we
had

Our college triP to Sonderborg
Introduction
The aim of this report is to highlight problems
that
in
occurred on the college's recent adventure holiday
Sonderborg, and to make suggestions as to how these
could be avoided in future' To prepare this report
all
students on the trip were interviewed'
Organisation
Although our booking was for z5 students and three
people'
teachers, the dormitories were all for four
with
This required one student to be selected to share
the teaching staff each night, which was not ideal'
The accommodation hadbeen double-booked
for
our last night. This resulted in an afternoon's
rafting
being cancelled so that tents could be put up before
dark.
Location
Most students on the trip complained that the
many activities
4o-minute walk to the river, where
to spend it puttlng up tents to sleep in! (5) fhe centre
another
had mixed up the date we were leavinS, and
group turned up, so we had to move out' Still' at least
with the
the tents meant nobody had to share a room
teachers that nisht ... Actually, that was the thing
that
were 25
really annoyed us all more than anything' There
to pick
of us, but the rooms were for four, so (6) we had
someone to sleep in the teacher's room each
night'
(7) You can imaine how unpoputar that wast'
good to have a go al
Anyway, (8) we allthought (9) it was
allthedifferentactivities,especiallytheabseiling'but
(10) next time, I hope we can o somewhere that's run
properlY and in a better Place'
Notice that reports are more impersonal than
informal
emails and use less dramatic, more formal language'
Use formal expressions to state the purpose
of your
report, e.g. The aim of this report is to "',' and to
'
give your recommendations, e'g' I would recommend
that ...
.

took place, was too long and demanding'

Look at the phrase s n italics (1-10) in the email
Recommendations in Exercise 2. Match them with the more formal
Most of those interviewed said that they had phrases in the report.
enjoyed the opportunity to try a range of adventure 1 The O-nrinerte l',all- lrias too fr'
sports. However, in light of the diffrculties, I would
recommend that, for next year, a better managed'
and better situated centre is found'

ffi
 Listening Fxrt ?
out the word. in lists 1-6 that does not contain DOt You wiII hear part of a radio interview with Barry
fu:/ sound. Then underline the letters that Helmutt, a cave-diving expert' For questions 1-10,
the sound. complete the sentences with a word or short phrase'
Dool t$gh throughout
brush truth lose
ilew beetroot customer
canoe build juice
nurse blue soup
c.te sun issue

CAVE DIVING

Barry says it is the incredible beauty and

(1) .. ... . ... ........... of the caves that attracts

him to diving.

Barry compares himself to an (2)

Other divers say the danger is a (3)

Barry says the most frightenlng thing about cave diving is

the complete (4) ....'......'....

Because it's not possible to get to the surface easily,

having good (5) skills is essentialfor
survival.

Most accidents involve people who take

() ... ..... .. when diving'

a belt for these trousers. They're a blt l.99.se (7) Not having enough is a potentially
got a job interview next week, so need to buy I a
dangerous problem.
s.......1.
always in trouble at school for breaking the ' """""""""""' to do
You need to have proper (8)....'... ...

some g1........ to stick the t....'.'. bits of paper cave diving.

A good cave diver should never (9)

these sh........s with my first salary.
hren I was 14, I gr........really quickly and had to buy when facing a serious Problem.
clothes
Barry thinks being a good diver increases your
at the /u/ words in Exercises 4 and 5' Which do
(10).. ..... .... in normal life'
trink is the most unusual spelting of the sound?
W
Reading and Use of
English rxrt

' finished to make sure the words you

r have written make sense
,

.)

For questions 1-8, read the text below

and think of the word which best
fits each gap. Use onIY one word in
each gap. There is an examPle at the Reading and Use of Englh F*rt ]
beginning (0). For questions 1-8, read the text
below and decide which answer
What is ski touring? (A, B. C or D) best fits each gaP. Some questions test words which
There is an example at the are part of fixed expressions.
Ski touring is exactly that - touring
beginning (0).
on skis. lt combines
(0) .. .. fh
best bits of skiing
.... Example:
and mountaineering and Provides 0@make B do C ensure D have
the perfect way to exPlore the
mountains in winter. The advantages Planning an adventure triP
(1) .... .......... ski touring are that you (0) all aspects of your
Researching your destination properly will
can really escape the crowds, enjoY
adventure trip easier, as well as helping you to (1). .... .... .... the most out of
the solitude of the mountains and (2)
the experience. Research will help you pick the best places to 9o but you'll
rewarded with breathtaking
also learn what you need to pack, and also what cultural (and sometimes
views and exhilarating descents.
political) issues you should be (2)..........."......... of.
Ski touring Involves both going uP Climate and seasonal pricing are important (3) ...................... in your decision

and down the mountain, so even about when to go. For adventure travel, bad weather or weather you're
for experienced skiers new skills not (4) for can ruin the trip' While you can't predict what the (5)
(3) ........... .. ... to be acquired. (4) weather will be, find out as much as you can about the climate in
is much to learn about advance.
'sklnning up' (getting uP the While some research is absolutely () . ....
don't plan every moment
...... ,

mountain) that improves efficiency of your trip in advance. Over-planning tends to make people less (7)
and saves energy. SimilarlY, You to take part in the surprising and spontaneous (8) """"""""""" that
want to be (5) to enjoY are part of any sort of adventure travel. lt's really important to keep a big
going down, which means learning reserve of excitement and energy ready for the unpredictable'
to cope with the varietY of snow 1 Atake Cfind
Bget Dset
conditions you will encounter off- 2Aaware Cinformed
Bfamiliar Dknowledgeable
piste. () all ski touring is 3 Apoints Cfactors
Breasons Ddetalls
4Aanticipated Cexpected
Bprepared Dplanned
very demanding, you must be (7)
5 Aaccurate Ctrue
Bcorrect Dexact
good physical condition. Aneeded Cideal
Bessential Duseful
The fitter you are, the (8) 7 Acurious Cattracted
Binterested Dwilling
fun you will have. 8 Acircumstances Bperformances Cevents Dchances
E

 '=G.-q

mar ep*rtir:x vsrks

orted sp**cr said (A-G) with a reporting

ita asked her friends what they thought about a

ision programme and wrote down what they
her. Write the words each person actually said.

For my English homework,

I want to write about a
television programme called
Ufe swap. What do you think
about it?

Lucy told me she would definitely watch the whole

series.

Jessica said her whole family had watched it the day

before and they had all liked it.
3 Harry said he had never seen it and he didn't want to.
1 Grace said she was going to watch it the following
week.
Frm
k<
Daniel told me he couldn't wait for the next episode
because he was really enjoying it.
G f Y., ,h"rld *",.h the new James Aona tl* f
Charlie said he had only seen one episode and it had
been a bit boring but he might watch it again.

1 Lu cy: ..lll.defnile,ly.talalch.fhe.whpJp.se.::ies.... 3 Now report what the people in Exercise 2 said.

2 Jessica: 1 The bus driver informed us that

..........................fhe.husJpf,.4tJ8t0.hr$y..........................
2 Filip complained that

3 Beatriz promised that

4 Grace:
4 Paul announced that

5 Daniel:
5 Karima recommended that

Charlie: Roberto warned that

7 Tereza admitted that

q
ffi
Vocabulary

I & Read the clues and complete the crossword'

Across
1 The was first performed in this theatre in
1934.
2 This entrance is for actors only whereas the other
entrance ls for the general
3 l'm a TV............... so I have to make all the practical
arrangements for a Programme.
4 The first............... on last night's quiz show won
f10,000.
5 My favourite actor was only in the first...""""" ' of
.i,/* r* ** *t*!i I| : !Y !'all s r, * i;{} j e*#*i
;; i',

the play unfortunately. {3}i{i*i'i*src :** i*l:

7 A law was passed to give famous people greater 2 @ Choose the correct word, A-D, for each gap'
from the Press.
10 The two singers sang together on ............... for the 'l Anna had a real talent for dance and eventually
first time in 20 years. .......fu1fi.1.1ed........ her ambition to dance at the Lincoln
12 The started clapping as soon as the band Center in New York.
were announced. A fulfilled B concluded C succeeded D convinced
13 The film was made on in Hawaii.
14 The was excellent, despite none of the 2 lf you experience, you'll never get
..

actors being professional. anywhere as a designer.

15 The second episode in the new about A miss B abandon C lack D denY
musicians was much better than the first.
Down 3 Gerry was determined to .. a career with

1 At the beginning of the show, the ............"' told animals and eventually he succeeded in setting up his
everyone what the Prizes were. own practlce as a vet.
2 The main actor's wasn't as good as usual A launch B pursue C realise D perform
tonight.
This magazine always has an article about the life 4 lf you want to experience of working ..

of a famous with children, you could do some babysitting for your

8 Most Bollywood films are made in fi1m............"' in cousins.
Mumbai. A get B achieve C earn D make
9 There were more than usual at the football
match. 5 I turned .. a job in Thailand and l've
11 A............... is a newspaper which has short reports regretted it ever since.
and a lot of photos. A up B out C back D down
E

M
t

t
 nrng r*ru
..q

i Reading and Use of English P*xrt

@
4 I'

You will hear five short extracts in which people
talking about a film they have seen. For questions
choose from the list (A-H) what each person
about the film. Use the letters only once. There
three extra letters which you do not need to use.
For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so it
has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given. Do not change the word given. You must
use between two and five words, including the word
given. Here is an example (0).

Example:
0 The train driver said, 'The train will be 30 minutes late.'
DELAY
The train driver announced that there
..............wgujd.h.e.4.df.Jay.............. of 30 m in utes.

I had an invitation from Miranda to join her ice skating

tomorrow.
GO
Miranda invited ... ice skating
with her and her friends the next day.

Lee told us he was sorry that he hadn't come to our

party.
FOR
A lt was boring. Lee apologised ................. to our party.
B lt was too brief.
Alice told Tom she thought he had scratched the car.
C lt was set in the wrong location. OF
Alice accused ...................... ........ the car.
D The action scenes were unconvincing.
E The plot was too complicated. ln the end I got my sister to agree that I could borrow
her dress.
F lt was too serious. LEND
G One of the actors let the others down. I finally persuaded ..... her dress.

H The acting was poor. I told the hotel receptionist that my room was too
small.
r
--"**i-;l ABOUT
peaker'l i ill
I complained .... too small to the
i'-'-'--i--;--l hotel receptionist.
Speaker 2 :tt]

peaker 3
r------I--;
l:<t r We were warned by the policeman about the traffic
L L"I jam ahead.
r----'-r-"-.-l THERE
Speaker 4 I lttt
L___,L_-i I
The policeman warned ............................... a

T -^-1-;--t
traffic jam ahead.
Speaker 5 | :)l

w
fi!|tf...f."""8ffi
Reading and Use of English i ;':r ":
Youaregoingtoreadanarticleaboutawomanwhoworkswithcelebritiesasa
from the article' choose from the
fashion stylist. six sentences have been removed
gap (1-6). There is one extra sentence which
sentences A-G the one which fits each
you do not need to use.
'l often sPend the daY shoPPin$'
Rachet Fanconi is a fashion
stylrst who has worked with many
stars. She was interviewed bY
Alex McRae
Fashion styling is basicallY
about making PeoPle look
nice. I work on editorial Photo
shoots, stYling models for
fashion sPreads in magazines
and newsPapers, and I also
stvle celebrities for big awards
ceremonies : i 'There's
actuallY a strong commercial
element to stYling.
A typical day usually starts with me packing up and
the
returning clothes worn at an awards ceremony
for
night before, then heading out to find new things
go public
my next assinment. Some stylists lhrough
relations agencies to find clothes' l-7-l---l ns a
so
stylist, your contacts are extremely important'
clothes for
I'm very protective of mine' lf I'm finding
their
someone new, I'll call the person first to discuss
likesanddislikes,whichhelpsmetoputtogethera
proflle. Then I'll spend the day shopping and bring
from'
back lots of different outfits for them to choose
The best thing about my job is sl'ropping' I hope
that doesn't sound too shallow t 3T-l I work
with a big list of people - models, make-up artists'
photographers - on various different assignments'
seen
and it's lovely checking in with them if I haven't
themforafewmonths.You'recollaboratingtogether
to make something look gorgeous, and when things
come together, it's hugely satisfying'
It's easy, however, to get caught up in the
glamour
of the job. I feel that with any demanding career' it's
important to have a balance' fZ]- ' My husband
W
and I are both stylists and we try to avoid this'
We're
great football fans - we go to lots of games and try to
k""p on" part of our lives separate from our
jobs'
There are a range of skills you need to be a
top
eye'
fashion stylist. lt's not enough to have an artistic
For example, if you go to gigs' exhibitions
t=-l-*-l
and;laG, it will inform your work' During a fashion
shoot, you have to be hawk-eyed, ready to swoop
on any uneven hemlines. lt is important to be
really
print
thorough and careful. I take digital photos and
out suggestions of shoe, bag and outfit combinations'
to make sure everything goes together'
lf you want
So the reality is that it's a lot of hard work'
to be a fashion stylist, get a qualification under
your
but
belt - not necessarily a degree in fashion styling'
maybe in desin. [el-lThen do work experience
with a stylist in the most stressful environment
possible - probably fashion shoots for a nevrspaper
to a deadline'
- so you learn to work under pressure
you admire' be as
Try to learn your craft from a stylist
professional as you can, and be prepared to do a lot
of work for free'
your life
A Otherwise, you could let styling take over
I and become a caricature 'fashion' person'
in a
,, bubble'
,: B You should try to find inspiration in unexpected
places.
Clworkdifferentlyinthatlprefertodealwithpeople
directly, and I try to support London designers'
D More important is planning and organisation'
E Their clothes are usually loaned, because when
an
it's
outfit appears in a magazine or on a celebrity'
advertising.
F That will give you a useful range of skills'
job
G Apart from that, it's the social aspect of the
which is imPortant to me'
 -=

I=
=
=

----*-.---t' il
Writing You see this advertisement in a magazine.
1:i'ri'::I::..rr rl
Could you live without TV for a week? We want to know
what you think. How much TV do you usually watch
: B.ead the exam task and the two introductions (A
each week? What are the good things and bad things
and B) below. Which introduction makes strong
about watching TV? Which activities would you do if you
atements and uses more informal language?
turned off the TV? Write us an article answering these
questions. The best article will win a f,50 book token.
Y,-r Se this advertisement in a magazine
Write your article in L40-190 words.
We want to know what you think about TV talent
contests. Why are TV talent shows enioyable to watch? 1 For millions, it's the best invention of the last century,
fr-b,v do they help contestants pursue a career in
2 One day l'm lying on the sofa with 57 channels and a
eniertainment? Would you ever take part in a talent mountain of DVDs to choose from,
sfnw? Write us an article answering these questions.
Tire writer of the best article wins tickets to a concert of a the next, I can read a library book.
?, eir choice. b for others, it's responsible for everything that's wrong
with the modern world.
't-Cte your article in 140-190 words.
Match the complete sentences from Exercise 3 with
the sentences below to create introductions for each
D L*, thzn or hale {hzn, -rV Aa/ett arz inuzdi/y
shows paragraph for your article.
@ ["';and gtr/s,1v laetn si"ws
t l_] fhey say that too much TV is bad for you, but no TV
ffi erl;;,
""r,ncea."-- is far, far worse!

/ ]a/e/ shows
2 i I Love it or hate it, TV is such an essential part of life
@rrl that the idea of a week without it is terrifying.
b) qpeL

yp^ ng i;i"hs Jst i t z :Z-,

i7 i'og rel..
5 Look at the words below and underline the letters that
represent the sound /:/.
1 report 5 before 9 taught
2 our walk 10 board
Notice that when writing an article, you can attract 3 all 7 poor 11 law
tlre reader's interest from the beginning by including 4 bought 8 exhausting 12 war
strong statements and contrasts about the topic.
Notice also that personal and informal language will
make your introduction more aPPealing to the reader.
Notice that the sound /:l/ can be rePresented by the
single letter a and by the two-, three- and four-letter
I Look at the underlined words and phrases from combinations al, ar, au, aw, or, oar, oor, ore, our, augh
introduction B (1-5). Write words and phrases from and'ough.r,,
irroduction A that have a similar meaning.
Complete the words with the correct spelling of the
1 : . ihem cr hafe thern sound brl.
2 5 t.....k 9 br....f
1 c.....se
3 2 f.... d.....mitory 10 d.....r
4 3 b.....d 7 sc.... 11 s.....ce
5 4 t.....11 8 r..... 12 c],.....
i Bead the exam task. Then match the beginning of Look at lhe brl words in Exercises 5 and 6. Which do
each sentence with its ending to make contrasting you think is the most unusual spelling of the sound?
sntences.
 Read the paragraph about risk-taking. Circle the
Grammar correct modal verbs,
MoCal verbs to *Npress c*rtajrrty *nd
p*ssi:ility sychologists believe that taking risks has always
1 Rewrite the sentences in italics using a modal verb: been part of human nature. For early humans,
might, may, could, must or can't. risk-taking (t) must I can't have been part of
1 Ryan is behaving very strangely. l'm sure he's in love. everyday life. Psychologists think that early human
He ...........................................mus1.b.e-............... in love.
risk-takers (Z) may I can'f have been more likely to
Deborah is looking a bit tired. Perhaps she's working explore new places, possibly finding a new source of
too hard. water or food. Such individuals (3) can't I might also
She ....................
have risked doing things differently, such as using

He never goes on holiday. I don't suppose he earns a new kind of weapon or animal trap. These acts
much. (4) must I mustn't have given the risk-taker a great
He ................... sense of achievement, but (5) can't I could also have
profoundly benefited his or her group by improving
She is studying full-time and she has a job in a
restaurant. I imagine that's very hard. their lives in some way.
That

That man's quite young. He's definitely not Claire's

grandfather. Writing I Fart 2 An articie
That ...............
You see this advertisement in your college magazine.
He's just bought a new car and a yacht. He obviously
so/d his business for a lot of money.
H e.................... ItUho has inspired you,lllost? ,, , ,' , ,

Andy and Sarah aren't speaking to each other. I don't

I friend?, A family membem om0ne famous?
be/ieve they've had another argument. Tell us why you admire them and describe the influence
They............... another argument. this person has had on you.
The best article will appear in next term's magazine.
8 You seem very familiar. Perhaps we've met before.
We Write your article in 140-L90 words.

She says she doesn't like children. l'm sure she dtdn't
have a huppy childhood hersell. 1 Read the following introductory paragraphs.
She...........,..... a happy childhood. 1 Which title do you think has the most impact?
2 Which paragraph is about the right length?
10 I don't know why she didn't tell me she'd left her job. 3 Underline all the adjectiveswhich describe personality
/t's possb/e she thought I would be angry. and feelings.
She ................. 4 Which paragraph repeats the same vocabulary and
structures too often?

&


A ,,,..'. i :.-:;,..::
eliving example
t'ty favourite aunt has had a very big influence on me. She
is my father's oldest sister and I spent a lot of time with her
when I was growng up. She didn't have any children of her
own so she treated all her nephews and nieces as if they
were her own children she was quite old-fashioned in many
ways and could be quite critcal if she didn't approve of
our behaviour or our clothes. But at the same time she was
always ready to listen to us and discuss our feelings without
getting shocked or angry.
B
My favourite cousin
My family have all influenced me in different ways.
My parents taught me to be responsible and to
work hard. My grandmother taught me how to
cook. But the person who has had the biggest
impact on me is my cousin Robert because he
taught me how to have fun and how to enloy life.
Read the rest of My favourite cousin.
1 Find more adjectives that describe personality and
feelings.
2 Replace the word very with a word from the box to
add variety and interest. Can you use the modifying
adverbs in the box in allthe examples?
extremely particularly really quite
Robert was (l) verg confident whereas I used to
be (2) verq shy and always stressed. But Robert
taught me that being stressed doesn't help solve
problems. Robert never got upset when things went
x/rong and I decided I wanted to be like him. so
I stopped worrying so much and soon I began to
enloy life more.
A cousin who is a few years older can have a (71veru
big influence. In my case Robert had a bigger
influence than my older brother because that
relationship was always (41 verA competitive and my
brother never wanted to spend time with me.
Now Robert and I have (51 vera different iobs and
interests but I will always be () verg grateful to him
for showing me that it's easy to have fun and enjoy
Iife.
rt:,1
aRt1'{}*l *i:* VI;titV
.J
3 Read the exam task and a student's introduction to
the article below. What do you think the student's
childhood memory is?
You see this advertisement in your college magazine.
Childhood memories
Think of a memorable event from your childhood. Write
an article telling us about it.
ln your article tell us: what happened, how you felt and
why you'll never forget it.
The best afticle will appear in next term's college
magazine.
Write your article in 1-40-190 words.
A wish that came true
Can you remember wanting something so badly
that it hurt? As a child, I was quite shy and nervous.
I didn't usually show my feelings. However, that
changed when I got to know a neighbour's pet dog.
I desperately wanted a dog of my very own. I spent
a whole year pestering my parents to let me have a
puppy. They told me it was out of the question and
explained why it wasn't practical or possible. They
suggested I bought myself a goldfish.
Read the introduction again. Answer the questions.
1 How does the writer attract the reader's attention?
2 Find adjectives that describe personality and feelings,
3 Find synonyms for these words and phrases:
a was painful
b desired very much
c asking continually / nagged
d was impossible
Remember to use a variety of language like adjectives
and adverbs to make your writing more interesting
for readers. Don't forget to use synonyms instead of
: repeating the same words. ln an article, you can also
involve the reader by asking questions or using direct
speech.
Read the rest of the student's article on page 46 and
circle the most interesting synonyms (L-9).
w
 It was a Saturday and, more importantly, it was my Vocabulary
ninth birthday. I woke up (1) very / really early and .^ ^i . .-. i .*... * - -. - --, -{
(2) fantasised / thoughf about the presents I would *-- *. ,lil*:;r".! 4i {tJ l}i}:
I
:;}{*i. {];*Lss- *l'1{
get. Maybe some new clothes from Mum and Dad, l;xv*; x*y*i*, t"*if-i',;;rf ..,'i, j lj.iy*r*
or a watch from Grandma. I (3) hurried / went to
wash and dress and then I sat down for breakfast. X. Circle the correct verb.
Everyone behaved as though it was a normal 1 Did you stay / spend at the party till the end?
day. Could they possibly have forgotten it was my 2 Reading is the best way to spend / pass the time when
birthday? I thought I was going to cry. you are travelling.
(4) Then, / Suddenly, there was a knock at the door. 3 I used to spend / pass all my holidays at my
grandparents' house.
My father went out and came back with a (5) huge
/ big box in his arms which contained - yes, you've 4 Studies have shown that teenagers spend / pass more
guessed it - the (6) nicest / most beautiful puppy I time playing computer games than watching TV.
had ever seen. It's hard to describe my feelings. 5 Some people prefer staying / spending at home to
going out.
I laughed and cried, and of course I hugged and
kissed that sweet little (7) animal / creature. A lot of time has spent / passed since we saw each
Amazingly, he seemed to like itl other.

Years latec when Beano had become an integralpar. 2 Which verbs in the table collocate with the nouns in
of our family, I asked my parents what made them the box? Put the nouns in the correct column. Some
(8) change their minds / reconsider. My mum laughed. can go in more than one column.
"You just wouldn't (9) give up / stop," she said. "I've
progress fun patience confusion trouble
never seen a child who wanted something so much.
a shock peace an effort damage an impact on
So in the end, we decided to make your wish come
true. Thankfully, we've never regretted it!" changes offence a mistake unhappiness

6 Look at the article again and underline a1l the

adverbs of manner. Then find examples of direct
speech. How does this involve the reader?

Now write your article about a happy childhood

memory.

B Look at the words below and underline the letters that r

3 Match the two parts of the sentences.
represent the sound /:/. 1 During the exam the students tried to carry out ...
1 advertisement 3 worldwide 5 earth 2 Thei marriage was successful because they devoted ...

2 girls 4 turning journey 3 Ella finally achieved ...

4 Scientists have been carrying out ...
5 Some scientists devote ...
lt can take a long time to achieve ...
A new research on what makes people huppy.
B her ambition to become a doctor.
Complete the words with the correct spelling of the C their teacher's instructions perfectly.
sound /::/. D their lives to finding a cure for diseases.
1 dess.,...t 4 w.....m 7 s....Jboard E a lot of time to each other.
2 sk....t 5 w.....k 8 .....n F success in your career.
3 hamb.....ger obs.....ve
1 2 3
1O Look atthe /tl
words in Exercises 8 and 9. Which is
the least common spelling of the sound? 4 5 6

ffi
 i

Jectlv*s ecr1tui'1 ()*rcfiilTy

I ,

@ mut.t the adjectives with the definitions.

1 creative A Someone who wants to get a good
job and make a lot of money.
2 sociable B Someone who is imaginative and has
lots of ideas.
3 adventurous C Someone who is friendly and likes
meeting new peoPle.
4 shy D Someone who worries a lot and gets
stressed easily.
5 ambitious E Someone who finds it difficult to
meet new people.
nervous F Someone who enjoys risky and
challenging experiences.

Now choose one adjective from above to describe the

people in each photograPh.

Listening xrt S
DrO You an interview with Professor
will hear
Jackson, a psychologist, talking about the science of
happiness. For questions l-7, choose the best ansv/er
(A. B or C).
1 Professor Jackson thinks surveys on happiness ffi 3,i:ili:r:rl:if ::!l
.i:rraa::taa.:t:.i:t:::i:
A are less accurate than economic studies.
B will be used to measure the success of governments.
C will become less usefu,l in the future. What does Professor Jackson say about the effect of
relationships on happiness?
2 What does Professor Jackson suggest about diet?
A lt is given more attention by happy people. A Having strong friendships may improve health.
B People feel happier if they have a good diet' B People with a lot of friends seem to be the happiest-
C lt has less effect on life expectancy than happiness. C Close friends are more important for happiness than
family.
3 What seems to be the relationship between standard
What do recent studies say about happiness at work?
of living and happiness?
A People are happier now than in the past' A People need to feel useful.
B People in rich countries are getting happier. B People need to enjoy their work.
C People need to achieve a basic income to be happy. C People need to have goals.
Professor Jackson says the easiest way to increase
4 People who buy material goods to make them happy
happiness is to
are
A usually dissatisfied wlth their purchases'
A smile more often.
B confusing happiness with pleasure. B stop comparing yourself to others.
C only huppy for a short time. C do something kind every day.
==tIE;TFFFffi
^Iri}rgr..':Ul&J.{l
Reading and Use of English )*rt
For questions 1-8, read the text below. Use the word
given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form
a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an
example at the beginning (0).
Personality types
It's often said that no two people are
exactly (0) .......a1iKe......., but according
to one (1) .... ... ........ theory, we all
share one of 1 distinct personality
types, which are formed bY several
(2) .................. .. of personality traits.
(3)... ......... ... can be made between
personality and left- or right-
handedness. Most people are born
with a (4)..... ............ for one hand, and
all of us are born with a personality
type. Experts say that we (5)
develop our personality type through
the course of our lives in ().. ......' ..... .
to our (7).. .... .. ..... and experiences
- school or work, for examPle.
However, it should be emPhasised
that personality type doesn't explain
everything about us and that the
(8) ................ ... of people with the same
personality type can differ hugely.
Reading and Use of English P*rt f
Read the whole text when you have finished to make
sure the words you have written make sense.
For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the
word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in
each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0)'
LIKE
PSYCHOLOGY The happiest day of the Year
COMBINE
COMPARE
PREFER
TYPICAL
RESPOND
SURROUND
A British psychologist says he can prove that the last
Friday in June is the happiest day of the year.
Cliff Arnall, a University of Cardiff psychologist
BEHAVE specialising (O) .... in......... seasonal disorders, (1) " "'""' ' "'-
created a formula for finding happiness. The research
looks (2) everything from increased outdoor
activity and rising energy levels, to picnics and beach
trips with families.
Mr Arnall's happiness formula depends (3)
... """ '
six factors: outdoor activity, nature, social interaction,
positive memories of childhood summers, temperature,
and holidays and anticipation of time off.
At the end of June, the days are at their longest
(4) ... .................. means there are more hours of sunshine
to enjoy. lt's (5) people tend to have lots of
gatherings with friends and family,' Mr Arnall said'
'Happiness is associated with many things in life and can
() .......... ... .. triggered by a variety of events. Whether
it's a sunny day (7) a childhood memry that
triggers a feeling of happiness, I think this formula proves
that the path to finding happiness is very (8) ...... .'.......
simpler than peoPle imagine.'
 r r&rffi3&r
@ Are as and like used correctly in these
sentences? Correct any mistakes and put a tick (/)
Jomplete these sentences with can, cauld or the next to the sentences which are correct.
:orrect form of able to. In three of the sentences,
.:-Lere are two possible answers so write both.
1 As you know, this school has been here for more than

' i.ir,il.:..r,.I:.::i::;,.... to give you a iift but l'm rrot sure yet.
'1
00 years. .............{'..............

2 ............................. (not) swim till last year. Until then I was

2 |bought Jack the same CD as you.
jr' - ervcus aoout going . a boat. 3 Tommy lool<s as his grandfaiher did at the same age.
iir
r:l I ............................ see Sarah in the distance. She'll be here
.i:i soon. As far as I remembel I cion't think it was possible to fly
t
made the main course for dinner but l've been
1"",e direct to Mexico 20 years ago.
raLking on the phone so i ............................. (not) make the I really admire Jason as an actor, but I don't really get
1s Cessert yet.
on wirh him.
$i When I was 14, I ............................. run from my home to the
:chool ,'r {our min-tes. A loganberry is a bit like a raspberry but bigger

7 Yoar hands are as cold iike ice.

!r.l!,:1i .,'\.;,,::'',)
8 We didn't talk about the important things as where we
fi!'. ' "a;;1.:.
would live.
9 The beginning of this film was exactly the same as the
one we saw last week.
10 l'm working in ltaly at the moment like a tour guide

w t#u#M{*8ut &

(you)speak Chinese by the end of the Circ1e the correct word in italics.
course next month? 1 Bythe time we arrived I gpched I got the coast we'd
| ........................, go to last Saiurday's match in the end been walking for four hours.
because my {riend had a spare ticket.
My brother .. (usually) {ix the computer 2 Did you arrrve i reach I getin Brazil today?
when it goes wrong.
3 When you arrrve I reach I getto the restaurant, will you
order me a salad?

rFt The temperafure arnved / reached / got almost 40

degrees yesterday.
:!
When Pablo arrtved / reached / gotatthe hostel, the
door was locked and he couldn't get in.

We spent ages talking about what to do but we

couldn't arrive / reach /get a decision.
Eirtffi$wtrW
ffhrasal verb Re
hcr:r:ixp words' You
3@ Read the text below' circle the correct
which took place in a sports
r

@ neaa a conversation gap'

shop
op ana choose one word" from the box for each artic
someofthewordsneedtobeplural'!vrvt4v--o--fLIFE'SLESSONsnnOrew'25 frts e
you
bargain brand catalogue ry competrtor
counter guarantee refund sale stock

round
Manager: So, Emma, l'm going to show you E
before You start work here' at
Emma: l'm looking forward to working in a sports
shoP.
Manager: Good. As you know we're part
of At
(1)..'....'..eha.|n....,.'....Therearenearly200ofour t
one of the
stores across the country and we're l rF
biggest. We do have some (2) " " ' " " '
in the town though so we have to watch our
prices' Everyone comes in looking {or a
(3) . .. .. """"' and they won't come into my first
When I moved out of my parents' home
back here they find something cheaper
if
I never looked at
elsewhere' And of course we have a
big flat, I got into big trouble with money'
we reduce was paid
(4) . . .. . " """"' twice a year when my bank statements. I knew my salary
everything' That's a very busy time'
(t) backlfflevery month but ljust took
Emma: Do You keeP everYthing in (5) I sometimes
(2) away/ out however much I needed'
or do customers sometimes have to order who didn't
things?
/
even gave money (g) n awayfo friends
() ' "' ' ' ' ' have enouh. The stupid thing was
that I worked in
Manager: We keep most of the main
here but we also have a (7) " " '' ' """"' that the foreignexchange department of a large bank
so I

people can look through while they're in the had one

On spent all day checking which currencies
shop or they can order from our website'
(4) on / up andwhich had come (5) down /
out' Bul I
here b1the:till we keep
in" tal .......,..-...'...'.....".. Of course
L,, oismall items that custo'mqrs:ofte p-ick never bothered to look at my own account'
u p whib. tr'evl wa i!.i io y1.e-, p!!I,, I soon ran (6) down / outof money
and I started to
.S,, &&i u; aaa :s&&ri!e that I had to
1,,. :
build (7) on / up a large debt' I realised
some things'
cut (8) back / off and go (9) out / without
Now I sit down
Eventually I paid (10) out / off my debt'
every month and add (11) up / up to
how much I've
money I have'
spent and compare it with how much
 ding and Use of English '.1s,
are going to read an article about the psychology of
ing. Six sentences have been removed from the
. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which
each gap (1-6). There is one extra sentence which
do not need to use.
a shop is a science, as we found out
we dd some research
of retail therapy is supposed to be good for you. You
round the shops at leisure, try on items which catch
eye, make those purchases yo've been meaning to
for ages. But who's really making the choices? You're
inly picking up the bill, but the shops could be having a
say than you think.
all know how supermarkets use the smell of baking
the store to draw shoppers in and how soothing
can make you stay longer while faster tunes are
igned to keep you on the moue. l-T----l Im Denison,
is a retail psychologist, confirmed this increase and he
me in on some of the secrets of the retail sector.
shops are clearly far more sophisticated than you might
i,.l.:]-**l ln fact this can start before you even get
far, with warm air over the doorway to encourage you
Of course, ihat wouldn't work in hot countries. They have
ir own version with air conditioning at the entrance.
are still a favourite - travel agents sometimes release
coconut odour to get you in the holiday mood. ltems placed
eye level are supposed to sell better, and the end-of-aisle
displays are best for Oersuading people to buy food they
hadn't intended to. 1, ,,,,,,,,1 lYou're then more likely to stop
and buy something. Colours are also used successfully.
where the art is really catching on is in the way it
rentiates between women and men. A woman entering
a shop might well find party clothes, with lots of frills and
special materials, at the front. 'The key to effective retailing
fur women,' explains Tlm, 'is to make the buying of clothes
an engaging experience.'mll--l They will be grouped
not by what they are but their style - classic or casual, for
instance.
tu
When men go shopping it's a different ball game. They want
to buy a pair ofjeans because their old ones have worn out.
ln fact, they probably want to get exactly the same jeans.
*l
fI So menswear shops are laid out with everything
in its place and men can buy what they want and go. 'We all
know that men hate shopping,' says Tim, 'so what we have to
do is make it as simple and spartan as we can.'
But just as the shops are becoming more sophisticated, so
are the shoppers. lf you're looking for a flat to buy or rent and
you notice the smell of freshly brewed coffee, you're likely
to get suspicious because this is an old trick to convince
people it's a nice place to live. So while the mind games
are targeting our subconscious, they tend to work well.
rcl| We don't mind spending our hard-earned cash,
but we want to feel we're making the choices, not them.
A Such items are placed near each other so they can be
visualised together, as an outfit.
B These kinds of techniques have been around for a while,
but there's evidence that their use is growing.
When those decisions are made for us, it can stop us from
buying anything at all.
You spend longer turning corners with awkward trolleys, so
they catch your eye.
These shoppers don't want to be faced with ideas and
suggestions.
F But if they become too obvious, we're likely to resist, and
things can backfire for shop-owners.
G The minute you walk through their front doors, most of
your senses are attacked.
Listening I Part 1 Reading and Use of English I Part 3
will hear people tatking in eight different For questions 1-8, read the text below. Use the word
Dfl You
given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form
situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer
word that fits in the gap in the same line' There is
(A. B or C).
example at the beginning (0).
1 You hear a woman talking to her son' Why is she talking
to him? Designer labels
A to refuse permission
B to make a suggestion The biggest and most (0) "pr:sftfhte" PRoFlr
C to give a warning
companies have large advertising budgets
2 You overhear a teenager talking to a shop assistant' which they use to make their name familiar'
What does he want to do? When we are looking for new trainers,
A get a refund
clothes or household goods and we have
B try something on
C exchange something a(1)......................betweentwodifferent CHOOSE
products - one with a label we have
3 You overhear two people talking. The woman dislikes
heard of and one which by contrast is
A having to work allweekend.
B working in the stock room. (2) ....... ..... ...... to us - we often decide on KNOW
C people not being Polite. the product whose name we recognise'
It makes us think that we are buYing
4 You hear the following on the radio. What does the
man do? something of (3).................'.... quality which we REASON

A advertise a Product can trust. However, if we looked carefully

B give some advice at them, we might find the number of
C announce a decision (4)........ ........... between the products
two SIMILAR

5 You hear two people talking about their holiday plans' quite (5) . We often willingly SURPRISE

What do theY agree about? pay extra for the name of the designer or
A how much cash to take gaining ACTUAL
company without () ..'...'.....'.....'
B where to exchange their moneY
C how to carrY their moneY very much in quality or style. lf we are
(7)...................., we should therefore not SENSE
You overhear a woman talking to a friend' The woman
be persuaded that something is better
thinks the shoP assistant was
A wellinformed. because of the label on it. But advertising
B helpful. is very (8) ................... and, however hard EFFECT

C efficient. we try, it is always going to influence our

7 You hear a teenager talking to his friend about decisions.
buying clothes online. What does he think is the main
advantage?
A You can get a good Price.
B You can avoid going to the shoPs'
C You have a wide choice of stYles'

I You hear a message on an answerphone' How does the

speaker feel?
A symPathetic
B determined
C optimistic
 =
t::'rr'::::t;rx#A

Read a review of a guide book written by a student. Does Notice that an effective way to plan your
he
:ecommend the book to others? Why? / Why not? writing is to brainstorm in a mind map all
the ideas you can think of about the topic.
The ci.tyscape Guide to-prague, Then, select the best ideas and organise
the capitar of the czech Republic,
is aimed atadult and young adult tourists and is organised them in a logical order (chronologically,
ito three main sections: a brief history the city gri"d", and a presenting different sides of an argument,
directory with practical tips. etc.). You should then decide on specific
language to use, appropriate to the
The city guide, as you would expect, is the largest section. writing task, e.g. linking words and
Frrst, it deals with hotels according to price and location. phrases, grammar structures, vocabulary
The next part is devoted to sightseeing and includes all the relevant to the topic.
main monuments such as the cathedral, the museums, the
castle and the famous astronomical clock. This is followed
bv recommendations of where to eat, drink and find
3 Read the exam task. Before you start
writing, draw a mind map with your ideas
entertainment, including night clubs, concert halls and
eatres, with plenty of detailed maps.
You see this announcement on an
The directory gives information about how to get to prague
and, English-language website for students.
once there, how to get around the city, with prctical fa such
-i tourist offices, opening times, prices and ven Reviews wanted!
some words
and phrases in Czech. We are looking for reviews of towns and
The book is small and light and it is easy to follow. The maps cities. ls your city a good place for students
are helpful and all the information is clearly presented. I from other countries to visit on holiday?
would
recommend it to adurt sitors. My only criticism is that there is Write a review of your city, saying: why it,s a
no information about enjoying prague if you are accompanied good place to spend a holiday, what sights
br children. there are to see and what things there are
students for to do there.
Write your review in j.40-j.90 words
t Complete the student's mind map with the ideas he rater used
in his review. which ideas in the mind map did he decide not to
include in the review?
4 Look at the words below and underline
the letters that represent the sound /ea/.
1 scared 3 their 5 everywhere
2 hairdresser 4 bear Mary

kneralnfo / Opinion
Notice that the sound /eal,,can'be , ..

. :apilal of Czech ' good size represented by the single letter a and by
<e,publc ' easy t o (9) ... .... ... the,thee-,letter, combinations re. aii; eai
-:nreemain (1) .... . recommended,buL
. eir and ere.
. a'med af (2) ............... nolif you arewilh
(10). .......... 5 Complete the words with the correct
spelling of the sound /ea/.
Direclory 'l c........fu1 4 1h........ 7 f........
.lransporl - gellhere
how Lo and Aef (6) 2 ........port 5 ch........ 8 wh........
. info about e.g.tourisL (Z)
...............
,opennq (g) ..............., prices 3 squ........ w.-..-...
. climale . languaae . useful websiNes
Look at the /ee/ words in Exercises 4
and 5. Which do you think is the easiest
spelling of the sound to remember?
 Match the two halves of the sentences'
Grammar 1 The doctor, whose name I can't remember, "'
K*{*tiw* prs"}*t}}xs ;xr:d rsmt!v* ei*usmx 2 The doctor recommends that I eat less meat, "'
3 The treatment l've been having "'
1 a Complete the sentences rvith the correct relative 4 I don't know where ...
pronoun from the box. 5 People who are over the age of 50 "'
Supplements of vitamin C, which may help to fight
which who whose where infection, ...

1 There are a lot of after-school sports activities at my

A doesn't seem to be working very well'
school but the people .........ry'h9"""""' most need exercise
B need to have a check-up every year'
don't go.
C I caught this cold.
2 Schools .. provide relaxation classes for
D gave me some good advice.
students get better exam results'
E should be taken during winter.
3 At my school there are lots of children
F which lwillfind verY difficult.
parents belong to the local sports club'
4 The diet..........'....'.........'... children had 30 or 40 years ago
1
was much healthier.
4
The government...'......'..............'... job it is to promote
healthy eating is not doing enough to encourage
pur"ni, to change their shopping and cooking habits' Vocabulary
It's the unhealthy options on our school menu
.. are alwaYs the cheaPest' \&l*rd c:rm*ti*t
Childhood obesity " is now a huge problem
in Europe may have a significant impact on life 1 @ What are the noun forms of these adjectives?
expectancY. oossibilitv
possible
8 There aren't many sports activities available for boys satisfied
aren't interested in football. willing
The biggest problem " many schools have
helpful
l, prer"ting pupils from bringing unhealthy snacks
aware
into school.
patient
10 Having a p1ace..............'.............' children can do sports
able
outside school is also really important'
experienced
b Add commas to the sentences containing non- convenient
defining relative clauses. accurate
secure
c Which relative pronouns can be replaced by that?
certain
huppy
d Which relative pronouns can be omitted? honest

Now write the negative of the adjective forms in the

correct column. One word has two negative forms'
 M
n9 Explain whq this
cii.r;'; iir"iLrment isap roblem
' Gtve an exmple - - I

Read part of the first draft of a student's I

I

answer to this essay and the teacher's There is a Iot of edence to show that children's I
I
I
comments.
diets are unhealthier today than in the past. (1),' ,
I
,
Today chfdren's diets are unhealthier than in I
In your English class, you have been taiking the past because they eat too many unhealthy
about people's eating habits now and in the snacks. (21- - -
past. Now, your English teacher has asked
In the past children didn't buy so many snacks : Explain whti
you to write an essay.
not
Children's diets are also unhealthier because ,

Write an essay using all the notes and give

reasons for your point of view.
they eat too much fast food (I aa-ai;i - - -'
Iot of mothers don't have time ficr cooking (S).
Children's diets are unhealthier today than in 'r
so they buy supermarket meals to put in the
the past.
microwave instead. In the past people didn't
t'.
have microwaves.
t.
Notes
Write about: On the other hand, children's diets have
Explain whu
l unhealthy snacks improved a lot in the last 50 years. (G)- - -
- not
2 cooking habits There is a lot of information for parents -..
3............... (your own idea) about the kinds of food they should sive their .,
_ S{t{r:q 17) Ctvldren are also taught about the
\-
t
' importance of a good diet in school. .l
:l
I
:l
I
Give an example In what waq?

Now match the sentences/clauses from the student's second draft (A-H) to the correct part
(1-7) of the essay. There is one extra sentence which does not match.
A Most tins and packets that we buy today, for example, have labels on them saying exactly
what they contain.
B which is bad for their health because this type of ficod isn't fresh and contains too much
sugar, fat and salt.
C This means children don't eat as much healthy food as they should and so many of them
are overweight.
D For example, children see these snacks advertised on television.
E Although manY children in some countries still suffer from malnutrition, inricher countries
most parents can afford to buy meat and fresh fruit for their children, which was not possible
for a lot of families in the past.
F A good exampfe of this is the fact that in many parts of the world childhood obesity has
increased dramatically recently.
G because they have full-time jobs
H because they didn't have as much money as children today.
1 2 3
4 5 6
7
Structuring an essay Read the exam task below. Brainstorm
your ideas in a mind map.
3 Read a student's essay on the topic of young people's health.
Complete the essay with the phrases (a-g). In your English class, you have been
talking about modern lifestyles and
(1).....d.... young people's health is the subject of fierce debate health. Noq your English teacher has
between health care professionals, parents and young people asked you to write an essay.
themselves.(2) ............,..youngsters today are not as healthy as Spending too much time on computers is
those of 60 years ago, while the other strongly denies it. bad for your health.
(3)............... our grandpatents may have been healthier than we
Notes
are. First of all, they spent more time playing outside, rather than Write about:
watching television, or playing computer games. What is more, l" how much time you spend on your
the average diet then contained much Iess sa1t, sugar and fat than computer
flow. 2 why this might be unhealthy
(4) ............... young people are less healthy nowadays. (S) ............... , 3 ............... (your own idea)
risins Iife expectancy, wfuch, it is daimed, must be a
consequence of healthier living. It is also often pointed out that 6 Now plan and write your essay. Use the
participation in sport, indicated by factors such as membership of phrases and essay in Exercise 3 and the
sports clubs, is fugher than ever. ideas inyour mind map to help you.
(6)............... , young people in the past probably got more exercise
qtery day, and certainly ate less junk. (7) ...............healthcare
professionals are right to be concemed.
7 Look at the words below and underline
the letters that represent the sound /al.
a Although both sides have a good case 1 price 4 high
b There are several reasons suggested as to why 2 lind 5 try
c Others disagree that 3 science buy
d The issue of
e Therefore, on balance, I believe that
f They mention, for instance, Notice that the sou,nd /al can be i
g One side claims that represented by the single letters i and y and ;
by the two- and three-leer combinations -
4 Match the phrases (a-g) from Exercise 3 with the functions (1-4) ie, uy and h. lt ca also be represented by !
below. the combination i + consonant(s) + e, e.g. ,i
I 'r:r- ri - ";
bite.
1 introducing the topic .....d.....
2 presenting opinions
Complete the words with the correct
3 giving examples
spelling of the sound /arl.
4 stating your conclusion
'l ch.....ld 6 cr.....m.....
2 r....s..... 7 f|.....t
3 r.... 8 kn....L....
Notice that you can structure an essay clearly and logically by using 4 fr.....tening 9 cl.....mb
specific language in each paragraph. Use a varies of phrases such 5 ps.....chologist
as rst of all, one side claims, what is more, therefore.
9 Look atthe lail words in Exercises 7 and
8. Which is the least common spelling of
the sound?
 I

and Use of English { Fxrt 3

questions 1-8, read the text beIow. Use the words given in capitals at the end of some
e lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at
beginning (0).

Taking care of nurses

s a nurse's (0) to care for her patients and help them
...r.ps.p.Ensihil[y... RESPONSIBLE
from their illness. This doesn't just mean giving patients
ne. Part of the (1).. . . .. .........may involve giving them advice TREAT
improving their diet and exercise routines so they can increase STRONG
ir (2)............... and avoid becoming ill again. But who looks after FIT
well-being and (3) ............................. of nurses?

Ie trying to satisfy the demands of a busy schedule, some nurses

it difficult to take the time to take care of themselves. This is
ially true of young, (4). .. .. ............... nurses. EXPERIENCE

ause nurses have a very (5) .. ....... ........... lifestyle and are constantly ACTION
off their feet, they're unlikely to need any () ADD
cise. However, many nurses often don't have a .. .. ... . . (7) . BALANCE
because they're too busy to eat properly during the working day.
can mean relying on snacks instead of having (8) ... .. .. ... . . HEALTH
rneals. So some nurses may not be getting the nutrition they need to
nraintain energy levels or fight off infectious diseases.

E'
Reading and Use of English { art 4 Listening
so D12 You will hear a high-school student interviewing
For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence part of his research for a project on sleep'
idoctor as
that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence'
(A' B or C)'
given' For questions !'l,choose the best ansu/er
using the word given. Do not change the word
You must use between turo and five words'
including
the word given. Here is an exampie (0)'

ExamPle:
to be'
0 Children's diets are not as healthy as they used
MORE
Chi ldren's diets are ...."""m'ane'unh'ealf'h'y"than""""'
they
used to be.
1 The doctor said I should give up smoking'
ADVISED
The doctor now sleep at night
1 Compared to the past, people
smoking'
A less heavilY.
junk food'
2 You won't lose weight unless you stop eating B longer than recommended'
IF C for a shorter time.
You won't lose weight
2 lhe doctor says a natural pattern of sleep includes
eating junk food'
A one long sleeP at night'
3 'Why don't we go for a jog?' Mike said' B a short sleeP in the afternoon'
SUGGESTED C frequent short sleePs'
for a jog.
Mike
3 Research has already shown that a lack of sleep can
4 I expect people ate more vegetables in the past affect teenagers'
MUST A long-term health.
People
in the B performance at school'
past. C emotional well-being'
ncl
next week,' said Amy's doctor' 4 What does the doctor say is to blame for teenagers
5 'l'll give you a check-up
EXPLAINED
getting enough sleeP?
The doctor ""' glve A poor diet
B lack of exercise
Amy a check-uP the following week'
C lack of disciPline at home
Ella was so tired she couldn't study properly'
who
5 What advice does the doctor give for teenagers
TOO
..............'....."'.. study have trouble getting to sleeP?
A read a favourite book
B listen to music
C drink hot chocolate
What does the doctor think schools should do?
A shorten the school daY
B offer classes in the evenings
C start lessons later
wake up
7 The doctor says that you may find when you
A you have forgotten a Problem'
B you can see a solution to a problem'
C you think a problem is less important'
 mmar
ird ccr:*iti;*nal
Bead about the morning when Rose met her
husband. Complete the sentences with the correct
form of the verbs in brackets.
-
.l:
.- l

(not chat) to the man

standing next to me
I can't walk l'm glad I

to work. l'm caught the bus

too late

Rose: lf ...............1.h.ad.ttpKg'.n.q8.......'.'...... (wake up) earliel I

............ WpsJd. h.a,v.c,.W.4.1.K9..d............ (wa k)

I t o w o r k.

Rose: lf ......................'. ..."' (not catch) that bus'

I
I ................'....'.. """' (not met) my husband'
The car won't
r,Yi,i if orrly arlrJ irepe
start so I can't
drive to work. 2 Compiete each sentence with wish or hope'
(start), I
1 I ..........h-o.P.9..........you understand what l'm trying to say'
.... (drive)to work. 2 My class has entered a competition and we
.' we've won first Prize'

could come to New York with us but

3 I .............................you
I know your Parents won't let You'

4 I ............................. Yusuf will be back in time for dinner

because l've cooked his favourite meal'

5 I ............................. l'm not disturbing you but I need to talk

Rose: I .......m:.... (catch) the bus if I
to You.
(run) faster.
We all .. you were here because we miss
There aren't any you.
empty seats so
someone would invent a mobile phone
I

can't sit down.

7 1..........................."
that would work everYwhere'

8 I .....................'.....'. you had a good time on your trip to

lhalland.

Rose: I
(sit down) if there 9 I .....................'....... I hadn't said exactly what I thought'
(be) some emPtY seats.
1O L............................ Anton wouldn't watch TV all the time'

E
 If a pair of sentences has the same meaning, put 2 Now read the email Complete each gap with one of
a tick (/) next to them. If they have different the sentences from Exercise 1_
meanings, rewrite the second sentence so it means
the same as the first.
'l a What a pity I didn't bring my camera.
b lf only I Mt brought my camera. ........X.h.ed..........
trena
2a Iwould like the elephants to come closer From: M"g

b I wish the elephants had come closer.
3a lt's a shame we didn't see any giraffes. r$ t Attaenmenl
b lf only we had seen some giraffes.
4a We made a lot of noise so we didn't see many Dear lrena
animals. You said in your last email that you're gong to
b lf we had made a lot of noise, we would have seen Yellowstone Park in the USA for a holiday. I went there
more animals. last year and I know you'll have a good tme.
But don't forget that Yellowstone is bear country. While
Vocabulany you're walking, make a lotof noise which frightens the

#iilid,'r #r#y#;t* xn* ,pr*l*ei: bears away. (1) ...... .. .... . Some parts of the park are
-- **rr*j," cr-t.;,,j shut in spring and early summer. (2) ......................
*nd *-:*re/,s*
,
The other thng to remember is that most of the
.

@ Circte the correct word in each sentence. park is wild. lt can be dangerous to be on your own.
1 The zoo keeper sometimes has to control / prevent (3) ...... ......... . Even if you are in a group, it's realty
people from feeding the animals. important that you plan your route. (4)
2 You should check / avoidwhen the rainy season is Finally, it can get very hot. (5) . ... .... .. .
before booking your holiday.
Here's a photo of me in Yellowstone. lt's a beautiful
3 lt's best fo prevent / avoid going on safari during the
place.
busiest months of the year.
4 Children need to be supervise d / checked at all times Love Meg
when visiting the zoo.
5 lt's dangerous to ride a horse if you can't control /
supervise it.
What's the best way to protect / avoid some rare
animals from extinction?

Writing ff*rt 3 &r: m*;l

I Look at the beginnings of five sentences below.
Choose endings from A-E to give advice about
visiting Yellowstone Park in the USA. There are
several possible answers.
1 l'd advise you A l'd check if any paths are
closed before you set out.
2 Make sure that you B to wear a bell.
3 The best idea is C to carry lots of water with you.
4 You should always D tell someone where you are
going.
5 lf I were you, E walk with other people.

Example: l'd adviseyouto waar abell

t"tt'tt

.:+e=
 I

Compiete the sentences with the more

t*kirTg wr*r*:s mnd phrmr*m
informal linking words and phrases from
an email written by a student giving advice to a friend' the email in Exercise 3. There may be
the more informal linking word or phrase (1-10)' more than one Possible answer.
1 Make sure you go to Valencia.
....' , the Paella is the
best in Spain,
the aquarium's fantastic.
There's a fiesta on ....................
in Barcelona, so we should try to get there
today.
The best way to enjoY the citY is to
Rosalie, forget the map, and just wander around,
.... in the old town,
to hear from You! (L) CurrentlY /
Atthe moment, I'm studYing
which is a maze of medieval streets.
tlrc university entrance exams' so l'm quite jealous of You having 4 We couldn't decide where to go on holiday
off. but,................. , we went
not sure you should travel first and then work' (2) On the one for Almera.
5 We can go to the fun fair and the water
/ For one th,ng, it's too hot to go sightseeing in the summer' park............... , if You
Rtrthermore / And for another, there are more
jobs during the
want, we can go bungee jumping from the
season. (4\ Without doubt / Of course, this would mean
old bridge.
having a break after the exams, which might not be ideal' 6 It is,................. .............., one
Eyen so / Neverthele.ss, it'll be much easier to find work then, of the prettiest villages in the area'
prticutarly / especially if you can get here before mid-June, just lwouldn't
allthe tourists come. bother going unless you like havlng
nothing to do except go bird-watching.
Despite the above / ln any case, whatever you decide to do (8) in
end eventually, make sure you spend some time in Andalusia;
/
famous traditions of flamenco and horse riding are very popular
and, (9) on top of that / moreover, there's some great places 5 Cross out the words that do not contain
the laul sound. Then underline the letters
sit, tike the Alhambra, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site, that represent the sound in the other
the caves of Nerja, are just unbelievable. (1O) Last/y / Last but words.
Ieast, don't forget I live in the capital, Sevillel 1 counter 3
planning everYthing! 2 because 4

t
i,*,w**l*g'**l:ylryttry"

thatlit to usellinking'tet6t,"nd phrases with

i as'import-nt
approprat level fforrnality forthe,context as it is to use Complete the words with the correct
-.is with,the'eorr'ectmanin, In
infol'mal letters nd 'emails, jt is spelling of the sound /aul.
to ue:forma! linking words and,phases::if you do; it will t h....se 4 s.....th 7 c|.....n
th e'mark: 1{ou, get,fo you r'wiiti rr g, :eveR.!f tlere ren't a ny
.
2 cr.....d 5 t....el 8 t....er
or vo-c?bula mistaks'., : 3 sh....t m.....se
7 Can you think of another sound that can
be represented by the letter combinations
ou andow?

r
Er,Er._ffiffi

Reading and Use of English ffxrt i;

You are going to read an article from a magazine
about a holiday in Africa. For questions 1-6' choose
the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best
according to the text.

Martin Symington went on a camping safari holiday

with his wife and three teenagers
We stood silently under the stars, iust metres from our
tent, hardly daring to breathe. Adam, one of the camp
staff, swept a torch beam across a clearing where four
impala stood, panicky on their nimble legs' Could they
sense the danger they were in? Did they know, as we
did, that a female leopard lay under a thorn bush?
She sprang. Four shadowy shapes bounced into the
woods. UaO ttre leopard made a successful kill? We
all had our theories, but in truth the whole scene had
taken place too quickly, and in insufficient light, for
any of us to be sure. Now we understood why we had is one that avoids luxuries such as soft beds and fluffy
beln warned not to go out of our tent after dark, except towels; these, to my mind, can become obstacles to
when accompanied by a staff member' lf fact, we connecting with nature in the raw. lnstead, the five of
had been on our way from the tent to the supper-time us shared a simple, yet adequate, tent at the edge of
a

camp-fire when Adam's torch had unexpectedly caught
the leopard's glinting green eyes. Half an hour later we
had a tale to outdo most told around the fire' 'This has
got to be the best nightlife in the world,' replied Toby,
h"n tor. middle-aged fellow safari enthusiast asked
him how he was enjoying his holiday.
So much for the assortment of self-appointed experts
who doubted that safaris and teenagers would be
a workable mix. True, this is a difficult age, with
adolescents beginning to sense that they are too old
for family holidays. But nor did ours want to return
to beach resorts with the kind of 'teen clubs' they
wouldn't be seen dead in. So, my wife Hennie and
I reckoned, if we were going to have one really good
family holidaY, whY not Africa?
Our holiday began with a flight to Arusha airport,
then a tong Orive to West Kilimanjaro Camp - a semi-
p"rmanenigathering of explorer-style tents near the
base of the great volcano which was to tease us with
rare glimpsel of her snowy summit which is 5,895
metres high.
Next we took to the hot African sky in a small plane
and headed south' Unlike in West Kilimanjaro, there is
no human population in the Ruaha other than a lodge
for the park rangers, and four small safari camps' We
chose to stay at Mdonya Old River Camp because this
dried-up sand river.
lf there was one disappointment about the wildlife
viewing in Tanzania, it was that game drives are not
permitted in any of the country's national parks after
dusk. But if anything, this made our night-time meeting
with the leopard and impala outside our tent even more
special, bringing home to us the rewards of staying at
camps where there are no fences, distractions or even
electricity.
By day we mixed game drives with walks through
the bsh under the protection of our guide Esau for
the time we spent in Ruaha' He taught us about
bush safety: stay attentive and at a distance from
the wildlife, and always stand still if you see an
animal approaching you. We spotted only plant-eating
animals - elephant, zebra and a pair of giraffes - but
we all listened carefully to his repeated message to
'remember that you will see less than one per cent of
what sees You'.
Our final hop was over to Zanztbar where we sailed out
to a sandbank, swam through bright yellow and pink-
and-blue fish and watched a crimson sun set' And we
concluded that if there is one family holiday that will
have undying teen appeal, it is a safari'

r
@t

How did the family feel when they were sitting round
the camp-fire?
A interested in the stories of the other campers
B proud of what they had seen earlier
C sorry they had disturbed the leopard
D annoyed they didn't know what happened in the end
mru
Listening xrt tr
Dt, You will hear a woman called Kirsty Willis,
who works in a zoo, giving a talk to students about
careers with animals. For questions 1-10, complete the
sentences with a word or short phrase.

Why did the writer and his wife decide to choose a

safari holiday in Africa?
A They didn't want to be with other families.
B They wanted their children to learn some
independence.
C They wanted to do something different from usual.
D They were advised that teenagers often enjoy
s afa ri s.

They chose the Mdonya OId River Camp because

A there was water nearby.
B it wasn't easy to get to.
C the tents were of good quality.
D it was fairly basic. Careers with animals
Working in a zoo
'this' in Iine 51 refers to
You have more chance of getting a job if you have
A the dusk
B a rule
(1) . .

C their disappointment You will have little (2) . . ..... with the
D a plan
animals.

What did Esau warn them about? You must be good at (3)..............
A There were many more animals than they could
It',s ideal for people who like to have daily
actually see.
(41
B They should move slowly if an animal came towards
them.
C They shouldn't go into the bush alone on foot. Working in an aquarium
D Some animals were more dangerous than others. You should be able to handle a (5)

Which of the following describes how the writer felt You will () . . .. ..... at the end of the day!
about the holiday?
A unsure whether they would come back again Working as a vet
B frustrated they hadn't seen more animals Animals often have a (7) ................ .... attitude
C relieved they hadn't been attacked
towards vets-
D satisfied the children had enjoyed it

Working as a trainer
Most opportunities are in (9)

Atypical day lasts (10) . . ........ hours

G
 v
Grammar txpr*ssing **ligxti** xnd p*r?];*n c
, :r :" ! ::t: :,.! 1.:* r tilliai * ,:iiJ !..
{,it ,- {::.t
o.i 2 Circle the correct words in each sentence.
'ou're not ed You are allowed to bring your
dog into this building but it won't matter if no one sees
him.
2 I needn't have bought / I didn't need to buy a washing
machine for my new apartment. l'll have to sell it on
eBay.
3 My parents weren't allowed to have / wouldn't let me
have a TV in my bedroom, which meant I used to read
lot.
4 You don't have to / mustn't carry that heavy box up the
stairs. There's a lift over there.
5 We can't / needn't play loud music after 11 p.m., or the
neighbours will complain.
1 a What does the woman need to have done? You shouldn't have / couldn't have left the door
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
unlocked. Go back and lock itl
verbs from the box.
7 The builders were supposed to / had to finish work on
21st June but the kitchen isn't ready yet.
clean remove replace fi* cut 8 Don't let the children / The children don't have to cli
1 that tree. lt's not safe.
Sh e n eed s .fp..ha:te/&et....... th e ro of ..... ......ned......... .
9 You should / must turn the gas fire off before you go
2 Shewants............ thewindows.............................. bed or there could be a fire.
'10 My mum says we should / are allowed to have the
3 She is going .. the hedge
at our house if we promise to clear up afterwards.
4 She would 1ike............................. the rubbish
i,i
5 She thinks she should .. the qate
sr, rru nffi s t{} *xp"*s {}fit;{}*
3 Complete the sentences with the correct
in, on, at.
1 Our apartment is ............................. the first floor.
2 l'll meet you ............................. the entrance to the cinema-
3 The airport is ............................. the outskirts of the city.
4 The building doesn't look very exciting
the outside but it's amazing inside.
5 You can park............................. the back of the hotel.

6 We put all the furniture .. the middle of

room when we were decorating.

b What has the woman had done? Write sentences. There's plenty of storage space ............................. the
basement.
6 .Shs. hp.s. hed.the.re.af f xed,.

7
8 There's a huge mirror .. the top of the

I
9

10

q,
 IlEil
bulary Listening { }mrt d.
cations d*scrihiv:g wh*r* yo* iv* Dtn You will hear a journalist talking on the radio
about adults in their 20s and 30s who still live with
Cross out the option rritalics which is NOT correct. their parents. For questions 1-Z choose the best
I The new development is conveniently / een{o*ably / answer (A, B or C).
ideally located. 1 The survey shows that the European country with the
The neighbourhood used to be quite run-down but in lowest number of 'boomerang kids' is
the last few years it has become much more desirable / A France.
fashionable / likeable. B Sweden.
Because there was only one bathroom we converted / C the UK.
installed / turned the smallest bedroom into a shower
room.
2 ln southern Europe young adults continue to live at
home because of
The master bedroom on the second floor overlooks /
looks onto / gives an overview of the garden.
A low salaries.
B close family ties.
Her apartment is quite small but there's enough / C a shortage of affordable housing.
sufficient / convenient space for one person.
The house is furnished very luxuriously / expensively / 3 ln the USA people are leaving home later because
richly. A they are getting married later.
When we first moved in we could only afford poor / B they have to pay off student debts.
cheap / second-hand furniture.
C their relationships with their parents are good.

The design of the bathroom is very simp/e / stylish / 4 Young adults living at home say the main advantage is
well-equipped.
A being able to save up.
Unfortunately there isn't much room / place / space for B having someone to do their washing and ironing.
us to have a party at home. C being free from responsibilities.
The main square is a good place / location / area for
meeting friends.
5 One disadvantage mentioned by'boomerang kids' in
the survey is
A the lack of time spent alone.
B worrying what people think of them.
C being treated like a child.

Having adult children at home can be a problem for

parents because it can
A restrict their freedom.
B be expensive.
C make them tired.

7 The most common source of conflict between parents

and their adult children are
A household chores.
B mealtimes.
C financial arrangements.

6
Wrlting ! f;:r'"1 ? A*r,9:n; **t;ii
1 Read some sentences from an article a student wrote
about her grandparents'kitchen. Then match them
to the type of detail they provide (A-F)'
*t'i!r*tl1iiltti}'l,{lltlltl}lillitl}llilltlll{!}!il}lilill},}ti
I associate the kitchen with my
"l*"yt
grandmothe.
The house was built in 1910 and the kitchen
extended in the 1970s
2 Read article written by a student. What do the words
1.-8 in the article refer to?
A kitchen with a view
Can one room make a house feel like a home? I
think (1) so, especially if that room is the kitchen'
Some people like a stylish modern kitchen, (2) some
prefer a csy, welcoming (3) one,btrtwhat will I look
for when I buy a house?
First of all, a kitchen must have a good oven' If
(4) not,you can't cook properly. I know some people
manage with microwaves these days, but they don't
bake cakes or roast chickens' (6) do, so an oven's
essential. I'd also like a big fridge. On top of being
somewhere to keep food, (6) it's a great place to
stick photos and pictures to remind me of my family
and friends.
One thing I wouldn't have is a dishwasher' I know
most people hate washing up, but | (7) don't'This
means that windows are important too' Imagine not
having (8) anyt \Arhat would I look at while I slowly
do the dishes to avoid starting another article in
=
English?
was
cn rccm can me Le a hclrse fel l1[ a hcme
1

My grandfather prefers to eat in the dining room

2

becuse the chairs are more comfortable but my
3

grandmother thinks it's too formal inthere'
4
5
There are usually some flowers from the garden X 6
on the table and the smell of something wonderful 7
cooking in the ancient oven. 8
*
It's difficult to choose my favourite dish but most
people agree that my grandmother's fruit cake is Notice that you can avoid repeating content words
delicious. and phrases that you have already mentioned by using
*
=
She's a very generous Person; she makes jam for other words instead to refer back to them, e'g' do,
all her neigh-bours ani gives them cherries and don't, did, didn't, not, so, sorne, (not) any, one, ones'
strawberries from her garden. These are called 'reference words'. Avoiding repetition
in this way will help make your writing sound more
n atu ral.
Type of detail
A providing a descriPtion D giving an examPle
B making a comparison E providing facts
C giving an oPinion F describing feelings

1 2 3
4 5 6
 =
=
:
E

ia' .

Replace the underlined words and phrases

in the Now look at this exam task. Which of
sentences with the word.s in the box. the sentences
in Exercise 1 do you think would be rerevant
for this
article? Tick them.
any did ds don,t one so some

1 I can't think of anyone who works more on

their house
than Mike works on his house. does
2 I wanted a few plants for the l";;;;,
;. I bought a few
cla nts.
3 Jack wants to buy a blue car, but I don,t
want to buy a

4 I think they renovated the house themselves. lf they

ienovated the house themselves, they,ve done a great
lo o. .............................
5 We bought some shelves for the office because
there
Plan and write your answer for this task.
What type
rve rrr't any shelves in there. of detail would you include?
"Do you think she,ll agree to painting
the bedroom
green?" "Yes, I think she,ll agree to painting
the i mV favourite room
bedroom green I FactsT
Read an article about renovating a house.
Replace
i DescriptionZ
-jre words and phrases ' -:t,'r.:'ir--nr.--.:.--.
with words in the box.
(1_10)
'!bu may need to use some
words more than once.

any d;d don't one ones so some 7 Look at the words below. Underline the letters
that
represent the sound lfl and circle the letters
that
represent the sound /t/.
\t-e bought the house two years ago,
and we,ve been 1 shop 4 watch 7 picture
:loing it up ever since. We had lots of workers z ffiicken
j,,r the really bigjobs.
in to 5 tradition 8 machine
There were (l) worhers somg 3 issue especially 9 sure

r'ecause there weren't (4)
>llre of the rvork was unexpected. For instance,
. plumber adsed us to replace all the radiators
:ecause the old (5) radiators .. were
-:aking, so we (G) replaced all the radiators
i fact, we changed the electric central heating
i'srem, for a new gas (Z) central heating system
stairs.............. Notice that the sound lJl can berepresented
bythe
single letter s and by the two_lettei combinations
sh, ss,
ci, ti and ch.
The sound ltll canbe represented by the two- and three_
letter combinations ch, tch and tur. otice
also that the
common ending /tJel is represented by the
four_letter
combination ture, e.g. furniture.

. At this point, we hadn,t even

startecl Complete the words with the correct spelling
I decoraring yet. I didn't realise horv long all of the
--::i: rr,ould take. sounds ll and ltl.
MaybeJane, mywife (g) realised,
1 bea..... 5 .....ugar 9 pre.....ure
'..;lised . She still thinks that buying
it.............................
2 rubbi..... tempera.....e 10 adven.....e
3 sta.....on 7 so.....able
-::e guse was
yr4D a grear
o idea, but
6rL4L rucd., uLlL rI,m afraid (l}i) lonf
m alrl
': ikf buying the house was a great idea ....... 4 .....ef 8 ma.....
Look at the lI and ltl word,s in Exercises
7 and g.
Which do you think is the most unusual spelling
of
each sound?
 Reading ald Llse of English l l;,:r.: 'i
Reading
For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D)
best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 A knowledge @ iaea C understanding D suggestion

1 A various B broad C general D widespread

A completely B especially C extensively D primarily

A consider B dream C imagine D expect

4 A moment B event C date D occasion

5 A invent B pretend C suppose D believe

A hope B obligation C demand D desire

A permit B allow C let D authorise

A disagree B refuse C reject D deny

-k
 I
G
G
=

Gramman
r',a air:_,:.arl 2 Rewrite the newspaper headlines as sentences, using
the verb in brackets. You will need to add some extra
1 Complete the newspaper article below by putting the words.
verbs in brackets into the correct form of the passive.
1 PRIME MINISTER TO RESIGN TOMORRO\\'

..... (expe;:

Airport Runway Witl

New
t,
Probabty Be Buitt Next Year

(th i..
A dance festival (1) ..I*s.1.**n.hs1d ................ (ho ld)
in our to\/n every summer since 2005. It
(2) ................. (organise) every year by three NEW TEAM HAS BEEN SELECTED
local schools and each child (3) ................ (givel
It .......................
the opportunity to take part in a performance, (,^^^-
competition or street parade.
This year's festival will take place on 15 July
and will be bigger than ever because f3,000
FEDERER IS THE BEST TENNIS PLAYER EYER
(4) .. .. .. .. . (raise) for the prizes and there's
more to come, we hope. Last year, 15 prizes of f100
(5) . . . . (award) but this year there will be
........ (consice''
at least 30 prizes. At last summer's festival, a local boy,
Marcus Aston, (6). . ...... .... (choose) to go into
a national competition. It (7) (hope)
that other children (8) .. . .. . (offer) that
5 Report Proves this Summer is Hottest
for 5O Years
chance this year.
At the end of the day, there will be a special
performance by the City Schools Dance Troupe which
(9) .... . (form) in 2006 and has won
many prizes. They can also (f0) .........................(see)
later in the summer at the Victoria Hall and the Thames
Festival. BONES FOUND ON BEACH ii

BETONGED TO DINOSAUR
Plans (11) (already make) for next
year's festival so if you would like to help. please get in
"':'ilii"rr::rr:"r'''-'-'-r.rr,.::.i.,:-.1r,.,.-,--....,-,,-r,r,,,,...,-,,.,.-.,,,..,..,,ii '
It
touch via the website (www.dancewithus.co.uk). If you tL^l:^-
\ueUel -'^
would like your name (12) (add) to
the mailing list, you can also do that on the website.
W
Choose one of the headings for each paragraph of
Writing fxrt , ,& r*:*r"i the student answer. Why aren't the other headings
1 Read the exam task below and the student answer. suitable?
Write this, that, them, these or if in each gap. In some The arrangements Audience
gaps, more than one answer is possible.
Disadvantages lntroduction
Suggestions Students
A group of you organised a music festival at your
college recently. The director of the college has Think of a main heading for the whole article.
asked you to write a report on it. You should describe
what happened and make some recommendations Now write your answer to the question below. Use
for a future festival. the same paragraph headings as in Exercise 2. Make
your own plan or use the one below.
Write your report in 1-40-190 words.
A group of you organised a drama festival at your
A grouV ofsixsludenls organised a musicfeelival college recently. The director of the college has
asked you to write a report on it. You should describe
laelgalurday.Therewas ahuge ranye of evenls
what happened and make some recommendations
includinqtwo choirs, an orcheelra, a jazzband and
for a future festival.
a rockband.Each of (1) ......1he..se/.the-m... did a concert.
\Aore than 15O sludento look part, some of Write your report in 140-190 words.
(2)., .,.,.,...,............ in morelhanone evenl,
Plan of report
We ueedlhehallforlhe main choirs and orcheelra Paragraph 1: plays, poetry, comedy
concerls. (5) .. ... . . ....:.. ...........were very well afrended Paragraph 2: where it took place, who came
not just by strudents and lheir f amiliee b uL by some Paragraph 3: changes for next time, e.g. snacks,
local people loo. Ol,her evente took Vlace in lhe timetable, popular/unpopular events.
courlyard and lhe canteen wae o?en al lunchiime tor
peaple Lo havelunch. .ti!: I . !

There are oome changee we would make for fulure 4 Match the sentences (1-9) with the types of mistake
(a-i)
ev enf,s. W e didn' t allow enou gh Nime f or p eoVle to
gelfrom one evenllo anor-her and (a) 1 The festival, which it is held every summer, attracts
meanl people arcivad laf,e. Also people wanled 200,000 people.
coffee to be serve all day.To do (5) .............................the 2 l'm sure you'll enjoy a lot this concert.
Ganleen would need o be open lhe whola f,ime. fhe
I

V
erf orm anc es in lh e c ourNy ard w er e I o o loud whi ch 4 People says it is better than other summer music
made (6)........................... .. difficulN to hear some of the events.
quielereven\s.(7) ...........waobecaueeweVut 5 Local residents are general in favour of the festival. -
mostly rock bana in lhe courly ard. AVarl from
(E. ..........., averybody enjoyedthe day. 7 One of the problems whit festivals is the enormous _
crowds.
B Excuse me, Sir, is this the guy who stole your
mobile?
9lsuggestedmyfriendthathewenttotheconcert.
a word order f word form
b wrong word I spelling
c preposition h verb pattern
d subject-verb agreement i wrong level of forr=:,
e reference

Ir
*=
]
*r
 I
EEtr
f-orrect the mistakes in the sentences in Exercise 4.

1 Yvhieh it is held which is hld

2 7 Look at the letters in bold in the
words below and choose the correct
3 pronunciation (a, b or c).
1
5 1 young a ldsl b ljl c lju'^l

2 just a ldsl b lil c liu'J

7
3 bridge a ldsl b lil c lju'^l

I 4 tube a ldsl b lil c lju'^/

5 logically a ld3l b ljl c llutl
I

Remember to leave some time at the end of the Writing paper to

check your work and correct any mistakes. You won't have time to
write out a 'clean' copy, but remember that neat crossings-out and
corrections are better than lots of small mistakes.

Read a review of a music festival written by a student. Correct

the mistakes.
Complete the words with the correct
spelling of the sounds from Exercise 7.

1 fri..... 4 .....oga 7 .....

Eenicassim International Festival 2 st.....dent 5 .....a22 8 .....ealous

Benicassim (t) i+ s a small town (2) at 3 jr....' m....sic 9 .....yrn

the Spanish coast, between Valencia and Barcelona. 9 Look at the words in Exercises 7 and 8.
EveryJuly, thousands of people go there for the annual r Which do you think is the most diff,cult
music festival, known in Spain as 'FlB', or'Festival , spelling to remember?
fnternacional de Benicassim'. I went (3) last summer
there with a group of friends and we had
a great time.

There (a) ,s many types of tckets

available, including Standard and VlP. We (5) elected
the Standard, which includes nine days'
(6) accomodation in tents. The festival
itself lasts for four days.
The (7) better way to get there from
England is to (8) flight to Valencia. From
there, the organisers provide buses to take you to the
site.
It is a really (9) cool event and
| (IO) recommend all music fans ................ that

you go. lf you want to know when (ll) does next year's
festival take place , check the website.
Vocabulary Reading and Use of English F*rt ?

W*rd $*rm*ti*: * x*{${xms You are going to read some texts about different
festivals. For questions 1-10, choose from the texts
@ eaa suffixes to these words to make personal (A-E) The texts may be chosen more than once.
nouns. Then underline the word which is the odd one
Which text mentions
out in each case.
T--------r-'--'1
1 electric politics specific rules for some events? .-.,]

**.l
photograph music .............
the fact that there is no other similar festival? r-;-l
i{ll
2 account pharmacy t----r-"1
psychology economy
a range of themes within a festival? lri -l

a regional variation?
I-;-T-__l
3 fish............ entertain t_+_L_J
f-'_-'T-
bank ............... support a suggestion for getting a good view? i(t I
i "I.__l
4 lecture produce |-l--r----l
fi
a festival which has been lengthened? L -:.-i_,
I
I

manufacture investigate
a lack of cooperation posing a problem?
5 history library
to attract people who would
a festival's aim
sports comedy
not normally attend such an event? tsTi -l
1..-.-Y-_ 1

contest inhabit
assist ............. employ reduced interest in a particular tradition? iel___l
i...".......--...._1
the origins of a festival? l10 l I

Listening trmrt
D rU You will hear five short extracts in which
people are talking about something they are going to
celebrate. Eor questions 1*5, choose from the list (A-H)
what each person is going to celebrate. Use the letters
only once. There are three extra letters which you do
not need to use.
A a place on a particular
course
B an old friend gettlng in
speaker 1 T-*lrfl
touch
C an increased salary
speaker2 [ I
D the announcement of an
speaker 3 [--i:]
engagement
E the offer of a newjob
F a move to a new flat Speaker 4
G an invitation to a job The festivat which takes place in Puno each year
interview speaker 5 f []l is one of the targest, longest and most ext
H the arrival of a new baby cetebrations in fiesta-mad Peru. So many locat
dance clubs now compete that the contest is spru
over two weeks instead of one as in the past.
There is nothing casual about these competitions.
Groups must have precise numbers of participant*
depending on the dance, and perform for exactly
eight minutes in front of a packed stadium of
transfixed spectators. After competing, many
groupsjust keep on dancing in the narrow streets
of the town.
 D Notting Hiil, carnivii"i'il
West London comes alive to the , sounds
and cotour of the Caribbean on the tast weekend
rilmmer is the long way since
in August. The event has come a
:riod in the 1964 when the local Afro-Caribbean community
when the
focus of Great
took a smatl steel band procession onto the
streets. In recent years, more than two million
rea shifts
peopte have taken to the streets of West London,
from London to
making it second only to the Rio Carnivat in size'
. For those
The costumed
reeks, television
parades form
normally based
send their the backbone
searching franticatly for stories of the carnivat,
hoping to
etebrities in Edinburgh. What draws the
impress
of the international arts wortd is
the judges
rtraordinary cultural mix that is the
h Festival. The scale and range of its with their
make it unique. Hundreds of events interpretation
of a chosen
free, many take place in the street and the
topic: aliens
has always recognised the vital need
and the Wild
fuvotve peopte with no money and littie
West are just
ience of the arts.
a couple of the storylines to look out

Pushkar fair
a year the Pushkar Fair takes ptace in India's
of Rajasthan. For five days, approximatety
camets are dressed up, paraded, shaved,
into beauty contests, raced and traded. A
carnivat is held, with musicians, magicians,
acrobats, snake charmers and carousel
to entertain the crowd. And there are camels
fan as the eye can see of course. Unfortunately,
aren't the friendliest of animats and can be
stinate creatures. More than a few camel traders
cem to struggle handling their animals, who aren't
ffierested in charming potential buyers, or even
in standing up. An exceltent way to witness the
:pectacle of the camel fair is from above by booking
ride in a hot-air batloon.
E The Moon Festival
'We've been working every day now for the iast 60
days,' said Johnny Chan. 'We've made about three
mitlion mooncakes so far.'Mooncakes mean the
Mid-Autumn Festival, or Moon Festival, which tasts
for three days. The Kee I,Iah bakery in Hong Kong
makes dozens of different types of mooncakes' 'The
Cantonese-styte cakes have a shiny finish, and are
fitted with a totus seed paste,' said Johnny Chan' 'In
the northern regions, the cakes are tess sweet and are
often filled with nuts or even meat,'he added' But
despite their central role in the Mid-Autumn Festival'
Mr dhan said that mooncake orders had declined
over recent years. Part of the reason, he said, was
that people think mooncakes are bad for them and
prefer tow-fat, Iow-sugar ones, but atso the Moon
Festivai was
becoming more
commercialised
and people
focused more on
the exchange of
gifts.

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