Waste Disposal

Landfills
Incineration/Combustion
Types: Recovery and Recycling
Plasma Gasification
Landfill
Is a site for the disposal of
waste materials by burial
and the oldest form of waste
treatment
Most common method of
organized waste disposal
and remain so in many
places around the world
 1 2 3
Operations Confine waste
to as small an
Compact
waste to
Cover waste
with layer of soil
area as reduce volume
possible
 Most efficient way to dispose waste
Can be monitored at a specific place
Advantages Landfill gas can be upgraded to natural
gas
Fewer fixed cost
 Infrastructure disruption
Leachateground water
Disadvantages contamination
Dangerous gases
Infections
Incineration

Combustion of organic substances

contained in waste materials
Converts waste into ash, flue gas and
heat
Types of
Incinerators
Burn Pile
Burn Barrel
Moving Grate
Fixed Grate
 Simplest and earliest forms of
waste disposal
Consists of mound of combustible
materials
Burn Pile Can have spread and
uncontrolled fires
Can spread the burn area
Burn Barrel

More controlled form of private

waste incineration
Contains burning material inside a
metal barrel
Barrel prevents the spread of burning
material in windy conditions
Moving Grate

Typical incineration plant for

municipal solid waste
Enables the movement of
waste through the
combustion chamber
Can hold up to 35 metric
tons per hour
Can operate 8000 hours per
year
Fixed Grate

Simpler kind of incinerator

Brick-lined cell with a fixed metal grate over a
lower ash pit
Recovery and
Recycling
Selective extraction of disposed
materials for a specific next use
Extracts the maximum benefits from a
product
Delays the consumption of a virgin
resource
Reduce the amount of waste
generated
Recycling Codes
1-Polyethylene terephthalate,
commonly found in soft drink
and water bottles
2-High-Density polyethylene,
found in most hard plastics such
as milk jugs
3-Polyvinyl Chloride,shampoo
bottles, shower curtains,etc.
4-Low density Polyethylene,
shopping bags, squeezable
bottles,etc.
5-Polypropylene,syrup
bottles,straws,Tupperware,etc.
6-polystyrene,meat trays, egg
cartons, clamshell
containers,etc.
7-other plastics such as
bulletproof materials, sunglasses,
etc.
Types 1 and 2 are commonly
recycled
Plasma
Gasification
Converts organic matter
into synthetic gas,
electricity and slag using
plasma
Uses extremely high
temperature in an oxygen
starved environment to
completely decompose
waste material into very
simple molecules in a
process similar to pyrolysis
 The feedstock for plasma waste treatment is
most often municipal solid waste, organic
waste, or both.
Plasma processing of waste is ecologically
clean.
The lack of oxygen prevents the formation of
Plasma Gasification many toxins.
The high temperatures in a reactor also
prevent the main components of the gas
from forming toxic compounds such as
furans, dioxins, NOX, or sulfur dioxide.
 Water filtration removes ash and gaseous
pollutants.
The production of ecologically clean
synthetic gas is the standard goal.
The gas product contains no phenols or
Plasma Gasification complex hydrocarbons.
A portion of the syngas produced feeds on-
site turbines, which power the plasma
torches and thus support the feed system.
Thus this is self-sustaining electric power.