RESULTS

Table 1

Resonance curve for damper setting 1:

No damping,
c = 3.09 N/mm, a = 650 mm
Frequency 4 6 8 8.5 9 12 16

Amplitude 0.075 0.275 0.80 0.63 0.53 0.30 0.23

Amplitude vs Frequency
0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6
Amplitude (mm)

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Frequency (Hz)
Table 2

Resonance curve for damper setting 2:

Slight damping,
c = 3.09 N/mm, a = 650 mm
Frequency 4 8 8.5 9 12 16

Amplitude 0.05 0.4 0.333 0.3 0.2 0.15

Amplitude vs Frequency
0.45

0.4

0.35

0.3
Amplitude (mm)

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Frequency (Hz)
Table 3

Resonance curve for damper setting 3:

Moderate damping,
c = 3.09 N/mm, a = 650 mm
Frequency 4 7 8.4 8.9 10 14 20

Amplitude 0.02 0.04 0.14 0.20 0.22 0.16 0.12

Amplitude vs Frequency
0.25

0.2
Amplitude (mm)

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Frequency (Hz)
Table 4

Resonance curve for damper setting 1:

Considerable damping,
c = 3.09 N/mm, a = 650 mm
Frequency 6 7.5 8.3 8.9 10.9 14 20

Amplitude 0.04 0.03 0.025 0.03 0.26 0.46 0.54

Amplitude vs Frequency
0.6

0.5

0.4
Amplitude (mm)

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Frequency (Hz)
Oscillation Frequency Graph for Natural Frequency

DISCUSSION/EVALUATION&QUESTION
6.1 Discuss experimental results
In free vibration the body at first is given an initial displacement and the force is withdrawn.
The body starts vibrating and continues the motion of its own accord. No external force acts
on the body further to keep it in motion. The frequency of free vibration is known as free or
natural frequency. For forced vibration, when a periodic disturbing force keeps the body in
vibration throughout its entire period of motion, such vibration is said to be a forced vibration.
The frequency of vibration of the body is same as the frequency of the applied force. Damped
and undamped vibration refer to two different types of vibrations. The main difference between
damped and undamped vibration is that undamped vibration refer to vibrations where energy
of the vibrating object does not get dissipated to surroundings over time, whereas damped
vibration refers to vibrations where the vibrating object loses its energy to the surroundings.

For the natural frequency experiment, we first giving force to the arm so that the bridge will
have initial displacement. Then the force is withdrawn and after about 2 second we record the
graph from the computer. Based on the results, for the natural frequency the value for
amplitude is 0.8 mm.
Based on table 1, the highest amplitude occurs at the frequency with 8 Hz with 0.80 mm while
the lowest amplitude is occurring at frequency of 4 Hz with 0.075 mm. For table 2, the highest
amplitude is at 8 Hz with 0.4 mm and the lowest amplitude occurring at 4 Hz at 0.05 mm. For
table 3, the highest amplitude occurs at frequency of 10 Hz with 0.22 mm and lowest amplitude
occur at 4 Hz with 0.02 mm high. For table 4, the highest amplitude occurs at 20 Hz with 0.54
mm and the lowest amplitude occurring at 8.3 Hz.

Based from the result for table 1, table 2 and table 3 the amplitude is at the highest at the
frequency between 8 Hz to 10 Hz. The highest amplitude meaning that the resonance
occurring during this frequency. The natural frequency and the system frequency coincides
thus produce the highest amplitude. Also it can be found that with damping the value of
amplitude become lower. If we comparing the highest amplitude between table 1,2 and 3, the
highest amplitude occurs during table 1 with 0.8 mm which no damping is implement into the
system compare to when moderate damping is implement to the system which the highest
amplitude produce is 0.22 mm. Therefore, from this result we find that to reduce high vibration
occur on a system, a damping must be implement. For table 4, the highest amplitude is at 20
Hz. From this we find that by changing the damper to the other position, the resonance will be
occurring at the other frequency.