Sabtu, 21 November 2015

Oinsa atu hatene konaba subnetting

Saida Mak Subnetting

Subnetting modelu tekniku neebe halo foun fali networ

k hodi sai barbarak subnetwork
neebe sei kiik . subnetting mos hetan deit no halo ba IP
Addres class A, IP Addres class B no
IP Addres class C. Nomos subnetting hakarak hamosu n
etwork barbarak no aumenta, maibe
menus fali total maximu host neebe iha laran kada net
work neebe temi.

Objectivu Husi Subnetting

Saida mak objectivu subnetting. Tamba saida mak

presija subnetting no saida mak
benefisiu subnetting.

Barbarak iha motivo tamba ita presija halo subnetting.

Mak hanesan sira tuir mai nee:

1. Durante fo alokasaun IP Addres laran rede sira mos

bele maximal uja IP Addres.
2. Ho problema la hanesan hardware no edia fisiku ne
ebe hodi uja iha network laran,
tamba Router IP deit hetan integrasaun hodi fahe netwo
rk ho media fisiku neebe la
hanesan karik kada network hili addres network neebe
uniku.
3. Hasae siguransa no menus akontese kongresu ko
nsikuensia liu-liu barak los host
laran network ida.

Hanesan imajen ba konese tekniku subnetting nee exe

mplo problema la hanoin hanesan
tuir mai nee:

Hanesan mos negosiu hetan 200 komputador (host).

Laiha atu halo subnetting mak
komputador sira (host) mos hetan ita hamutuk iha laran
mos rede simples ida ho klaru liu
hanesan tuir mai nee:

Hanesan ita halo IP Addres privadu class C ho sbnet ma

sk hakarak manan mesak mak
hanesan 225.225.2225.0 too klaru mak hanesan tuir ma
i nee:

Network Negosiu

Fatin rede : 192.168.1.0

Host primeiru : 192.168.1.1

Host ikus liu : 192.168.1.254

Broadcast Addres : 192.168.1.255

Hanesan iha negosiu nee mos hetan divisaun 2 neebe l

a hanesan too ita tenke halo foun
fali network nee mos sai 2 subnetwork, mak ho tekniku
subnetting ita tenke hodi halo subnet
mask 225.225.225.128 (valor subnet mask nee la hane
san hotu depende hira subnetwork
neebe tenke ita halo) too tenke resultadu 2 blok subnet
, ho tuir mai nee:

Network Divisaun A

Fatin rede / subnet A : 192.168.1.0

Host primeiru : 192.168.1.1

Host ikus liu : 192.168.1.126

Broadcast Addres : 192.168.1.127

Network Divisaun B

Fatin rede / subnet B : 192.168.1.128

Host primeiru : 192.168.1.129

Host ikus liu : 192.168.1.254

Broadcast Addres : 192.168.1.255

Ho nunee ho tekniku subnetting tenke hetan duni aifua

n 2 subnetwork neebe ida-idak
network maximal hamrik liu 125 host (komputador). Ko
mputador ida-idak husi subnetwork
neebe lahanesan labele halo komunikasaun too hasae s
eguransa no menus akontese kogresu.
Naton kehendaki nee para komputador husi network ne
ebe lahanesan mos no hetan husi
komunikasaun mak ita bele halo router.

Subnetting

Subnet mask mak hanesan tekniku informasaun nia lara

n lian ingles neebe hatudu ba
numeru biner 32 bit neebe mak uja diferensa network I
D ho host ID, mosu local haneasan
host ida, keta iha rede local ho rede liur la hanesan.

Bit sira neebe hatudu hodi uja ba network identifika dis

et ba valor 1.

Bit sira neebe hatudu hodi uja ba host identifika diset b

a valor 0.
Konese Tekniku Subnetting

Depois molok blog gaptek nee resposta hanesan

Konese classe IP Addres, mak
kontinua resposta nee iha posting laran agora nee blog
 gaptek mesak brani resposta hanesan
Konese tekniku Subnetting.

Komprende No Resposta Subnetting Rede

a. Subnetting
b. Saida mak IP Addres : IP addres hamrik iha 2 seksa
un network ID ho Host ID.
Network ID: fatin neebe sai rede identidade. Host ID: f
atin client neebe iha rede
laran.
c. IP Addres Classes : IP addres hetan no fahe sai class
5; A, B, C, D, E
d. IP Addres Classes : Class A : atu rede nia valor host
barak. Valor maximal : 126
rede nee liu 16 juta host. Class B : atu rede nia valor ho
st labarak valor maximal :
16.384 rede nee liu 65 ribu host. Class C : atu rede nia
valor host oituan valor
maximal : liu 2 juta rede no 254 host. Class D : fatin pri
vadu neebe halo atu
makerek. Class E : atu uja ba tempu oin no atu koko.
e. Saida mak Subnetting : subnetting mak hanesan met
odu oin mai ba jeitu neebe
barak Network ID husi network ID neebe iha tia
ona NetID HostID NetID
SubNetID HostID NetID agora kleur agora HostID agor
a.
f. Tamba sa Subnetting? Apresenta rede seguransa mot
ok rede.
g. Oinsa Subnetting ? maneira subnetting hanesan rede
 fahe sai 2 : valor nia fatin
rede foun neebe hakarak halo. Valor nia fatin host nee
be hakarak taka.
h. Network based : Network ID hahu : 192.168.0.
0, Class B subnet hahu :
225.225.0.0 modelu biner : 11111111.11111111.000
00000.00000000 rede foun
neebe hakarak nia modelu : 15 modelu biner subnet
foun 15 : 1111 valor 1
neebe aumenta ba subnet foun nia laran : 4 model
u biner subnet foun :
11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000 subnet foun :
255.255.240.0
i. Host Based. Network ID hahu : 192.168.1.0, Class
C subnet hahu : 255.255.255.0
modelu biner : 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000
000 valor host maximal
neebe nia hakarak : 55 modelu husi biner 55 : 110111
valor 0 neebe nia restu iha
subnet foun : 6 modelu
biner subnet foun :
11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 subnet foun :
255.255.255.192.

Ip Address No Subnet
IP address mak hanesan fatin neebe fo ba rede no mate
rial rede neebe hodi halo protocol
TCP/IP. IP addres hamrik liu 32 bit numero biner
neebe hetan no hakerek ho numero
decimal haat neebe fahe malu ho sinal pontu hanesan 1
92.16.10.1. husi tan protocol IP mak
hanesan protocol neebe mak barak liu uja ba hodi konti
nua (routing) informasaun iha rede
komputador ida nia laran ho seluk, mak ita bele lolos
komprende IP addres nee. maibe
komprende IP addres no subnetting dalaruma prefere ko
nfusaun hodi uja. Mosu husi iha laran
no iha nee neebe deskreve faze no faze konslet IP addr
es nee mos ho espera hodi ita bot
hetan no komprende ho maneira no uja ho diak.

IP Address hamrik liu parte 2 mak network ID ho host I

D, iha neebe network ID hatudu
fatin husi rede no host ID hatudu husi rede material. Mo
su husi nee IP address fo fatin
kompletu husi rede material ida tuir fatin rede iha neeb
e material nee iha.

IP address halo hanesan iha fatin laran hamutuk ho host

iha internet ate forma sistema
komunikasaun ida neebe universal mosu forma met
odu hodi ajuda neebe atu simu iha
mundo tomak. Hodi hatudu IP address katak it abele fo
identidade neebe universal fahe
loron harohan komputador. Mak komputados iha ida liu
mete mak it abele fo rua IP address
ba komputador hanesan ida-idak ba loron mete hotu.

Saida Mak IP Address No Historia IP Address

Internet protocol (IP) mak hanesan fatin numero neeb

e logis identifikasaun no fatin
neebe iha nafatin ba hodi partisipasaun laran sasan ko
mputador ida neebe benefisiu rede
internet sei nafatin hanesan numero 32-
bit, neebe agora nia naran internet protocol version 4
(IPv4), no sei halo agora nee. maibe mosu fuan neebe
boot liu internet no penipisan neebe
resultadu husi fatin aula kaer fatin sistema foun (IPv6),
no uja 128bit ba fatin, mudansa iha
tinan 1995 no ikus standar husi RFC 2460 husi tinan 19
98. Hanesan mos fatin IP neebe rai
hanesan valor biner, sira baibain iha oin ema lee noticia
iha laran, ba hanesan 208.77.188.166

IP/CIDR to last IP add Mask Hosts Size

r
a.b.c.d/3 +0.0.0.0 255.255.255.25 1 1/256
2 5 C
a.b.c.d/3 +0.0.0.1 255.255.255.25 2 1/128
1 4 C
a.b.c.d/3 +0.0.0.3 255.255.255.25 4 1/64 C
0 2
a.b.c.d/2 +0.0.0.7 255.255.255.24 8 1/32 C
9 8
a.b.c.d/2 +0.0.0.15 255.255.255.24 16 1/16 C
8 0
a.b.c.d/2 +0.0.0.31 255.255.255.22 32 C
7 4
a.b.c.d/2 +0.0.0.63 255.255.255.19 64 C
6 2
a.b.c.d/2 +0.0.0.127 255.255.255.12 128 C
5 8
a.b.c.0/2 +0.0.0.255 255.255.255.00 256 1C
4 0
a.b.c.0/2 +0.0.1.255 255.255.254.00 512 2C
3 0
a.b.c.0/2 +0.0.3.255 255.255.252.00 1,024 4C
2 0
a.b.c.0/2 +0.0.7.255 255.255.248.00 2,048 8C
1 0
a.b.c.0/2 +0.0.15.255 255.255.240.00 4,096 16 C
0 0
a.b.c.0/1 +0.0.31.255 255.255.224.00 8,192 32 C
9 0
 a.b.c.0/1 +0.0.63.255 255.255.192.00 16,38 64 C
8 0 4
a.b.c.0/1 +0.0.127.255 255.255.128.00 32,76 128 C
7 0 8
(ba Ipv4) no 2001: db8:0:1234:0:567:1:1 (ba IPv6), pa
pel fatin IP nia karakteristika hanesan
tuir mai nee: naran hatudu saida neebe ita buka no ha
tudu fatin iha neebe depois hatudu
oinsa rute ba neba fatin IP fatin ita bolu sasan neebe m
ak toos, no laiha fatin hadware
kodigu difisil. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (I
ANA) neebe maneja fati area aula IP
global IANA servisu servisu hanesan ho cinco regional
internet registries (RIRs)fatin no nia
area blok IP local ba internet registries (fornese lina inte
rnet) no buat seluk.

Tabel CIDR

CIDR, CIDR mak hanesan significa husi classless inte

r-domain routing mak hanesan
maneira ida alternative ba klarifika fatin-
fatin IP lahanesan ho sistema klarifika iha laran mak
class A, class B, class C, class D ho class E. bolu mos h
anesan supernetting. CIDR forma
mecanismu routing neebe liu efisien konsidera mos ho
maneira neebe original, para ho fahe
fatin IP rede ba laran class-class A, B, ho C.
Tuir mai mak hanesan Tabel Subnetmask/Tabel CIDR
a.b.0.0/ +0.0.255.255 255.255.000 65,536 256 C =
16 .000 1B
a.b.0.0/ +0.1.255.255 255.254.000 131,072 2B
15 .000
a.b.0.0/ +0.3.255.255 255.252.000 262,144 4B
14 .000
a.b.0.0/ +0.7.255.255 255.248.000 524,288 8B
13 .000
a.b.0.0/ +0.15.255.25 255.240.000 1,048,576 16 B
12 5 .000
a.b.0.0/ +0.31.255.25 255.224.000 2,097,152 32 B
11 5 .000
a.b.0.0/ +0.63.255.25 255.192.000 4,194,304 64 B
10 5 .000
a.b.0.0/ +0.127.255.2 255.128.000 8,388,608 128 B
9 55 .000
a.0.0.0/ +0.255.255.2 255.000.000 16,777,21 256 B =
8 55 .000 6 1A
a.0.0.0/ +1.255.255.2 254.000.000 33,554,43 2A
7 55 .000 2
a.0.0.0/ +3.255.255.2 252.000.000 67,108,86 4A
6 55 .000 4
a.0.0.0/ +7.255.255.2 248.000.000 134,217,7 8A
5 55 .000 28
a.0.0.0/ +15.255.255. 240.000.000 268,435,4 16 A
4 255 .000 56
a.0.0.0/ +31.255.255. 224.000.000 536,870,9 32 A
3 255 .000 12
a.0.0.0/ +63.255.255. 192.000.000 1,073,741, 64 A
2 255 .000 824
a.0.0.0/ +127.255.255 128.000.000 2,147,483, 128 A
1 .255 .000 648
0.0.0.0/+255.255.255 000.000.000 4,294,967, 256 A
0 .255 .000 296