You are on page 1of 13

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology

International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016

0DWHULDO6HOHFWLRQIRUD0DQXDO:LQFK5RSH'UXP
0RVHV)2GXRUL(QRFK.0XV\RND7KRPDV20EX\D


 PDQXIDFWXULQJ DQG VHUYLFH UHTXLUHPHQWV LQ D PDQQHU WKDW LV
Abstract7KH VHOHFWLRQ RI PDWHULDOV LV DQ HVVHQWLDO WDVN LQ SHUFHLYHGWREHWKHPRVWEHQHILFLDO$SUREOHPRIWKLVNLQGLV
PHFKDQLFDOGHVLJQSURFHVVHV7KLVSDSHUVHWVRXWWRGHPRQVWUDWHWKH NQRZQ DV D 0XOWLSOH &ULWHULD 'HFLVLRQ 0DNLQJ 0&'0 
DSSOLFDWLRQ RI DQDO\WLFDO GHFLVLRQ PDNLQJ GXULQJ PHFKDQLFDO GHVLJQ SUREOHP
DQG SDUWLFXODUO\ LQ VHOHFWLQJ D VXLWDEOH PDWHULDO IRU D JLYHQ
DSSOLFDWLRQ(TXDWLRQVIRUWKHPHFKDQLFDOGHVLJQRIDPDQXDOZLQFK
2YHU WKH ODVW DERXW KDOI D FHQWXU\ PDQ\ PHWKRGV IRU
URSH GUXP DUH XVHG WR GHULYH TXDQWLWDWLYH PDWHULDO SHUIRUPDQFH GHDOLQJ ZLWK 0&'0 KDYH EHHQ GHYHORSHG DQG XVHG DW DQ
LQGLFDWRUV ZKLFK DUH WKHQ XVHG LQ D PXOWLSOH DWWULEXWH GHFLVLRQ LQFUHDVLQJ UDWH DQG LQ D YDULHW\ RI GLVFLSOLQHV 7RGD\ D
PDNLQJ 0$'0  PRGHO WR UDQN WKH FDQGLGDWH PDWHULDOV 7KXV WKH VXEVWDQWLDO DPRXQW RI OLWHUDWXUH LV DYDLODEOH WKDW HQGHDYRUV WR
International Science Index, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004377

SURFHVVLQJ RI PHFKDQLFDO GHVLJQ FRQVLGHUDWLRQV DQG PDWHULDO DQDO\]H DQG FRPSDUH WKH YDULRXV 0&'0 PHWKRGV DQG WR
SURSHUWLHV GDWD LQWR LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDW LV VXLWDEOH IRU XVH LQ D LGHQWLI\ WKHLU PHULWV GHPHULWV DQG VXLWDELOLW\ IRU SDUWLFXODU
TXDQWLWDWLYH PDWHULDOV VHOHFWLRQ SURFHVV LV GHPRQVWUDWHG IRU WKH FDVH
RI D URSH GUXP GHVLJQ 0RUHRYHU 0LFURVRIW ([FHO D FRPPRQO\
DSSOLFDWLRQV -DKDQ DQG (GZDUGV >@ GZHOO RQ WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ
DYDLODEOH FRPSXWHU SDFNDJH LV XVHG LQ WKH VHOHFWLRQ SURFHVV 7KH RI0&'0PHWKRGVWRPDWHULDOVVHOHFWLRQLQSURGXFWGHVLJQ
UHVXOWV RI WKH PDWHULDOV VHOHFWLRQ SURFHVV DUH LQ DJUHHPHQW ZLWK $WKDZDOHDQG&KDNUDERUW\>@XVHGHDFKRIWHQFRPPRQO\
FXUUHQW LQGXVWU\SUDFWLFHLQ URSHGUXP GHVLJQ 7KH SURFHGXUHWKDW LV XVHG 0&'0 PHWKRGV LQ WKUHH GLIIHUHQW PDWHULDOV VHOHFWLRQ
GHPRQVWUDWHG KHUH VKRXOG EH DGDSWDEOH WR RWKHU GHVLJQ VLWXDWLRQV LQ FDVHV DQG FRPSDUHG WKH DJUHHPHQW RU WKH ODFN RI LW LQ WKH
ZKLFK D QHHG DULVHV IRU WKH VHOHFWLRQ RI HQJLQHHULQJ PDWHULDOV DQG UHVXOWDQW UDQNLQJV RI WKH FDQGLGDWH PDWHULDOV ZLWK UHVSHFW WR
RWKHUHQJLQHHULQJHQWLWLHV
WKHGLIIHUHQW0&'0PHWKRGV7KH\IRXQGWKDWWKHUDQNLQJVRI

WKH FDQGLGDWHPDWHULDOV ZHUH QRW VLJQLILFDQWO\ DIIHFWHGE\ WKH
Keywords'HVLJQ 'HFLVLRQV 0DWHULDOV 6HOHFWLRQ 0HFKDQLFDO
'HVLJQ5RSH'UXP'HVLJQ FKRLFH RI 0&'0 PHWKRG WR EH XVHG 7KXV WKH\
UHFRPPHQGHG WKDW WKH PDLQ IRFXV VKRXOG EH ODLG QRW RQ
,,1752'8&7,21 VHOHFWLQJDQDSSURSULDWH0&'0PHWKRGWRXVHEXWUDWKHURQ
LGHQWLI\LQJ WKH UHOHYDQW FULWHULD WR EH XVHG LQ VHOHFWLQJ WKH
: ,1'/$66(6 PDQXDO ZLQFKHV SRZHU ZLQFKHV DQG
FUDQHV DUH FRPPRQO\ XVHG KRLVWLQJ HTXLSPHQW $
FRPPRQIHDWXUHDPRQJWKHVHGHYLFHVLVWKHXVHRIDUHYROYLQJ
PDWHULDO DQG WKH FDQGLGDWH PDWHULDOV WR EH LQFOXGHG LQ WKH
VHOHFWLRQSURFHVV
,Q DQ\ FDVH RQFH DQ 0&'0 PHWKRG WR EH XVHG KDV EHHQ
GUXPLQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKZLUHURSHWRWUDQVIRUPWKHWXUQLQJ
VHOHFWHG DFWXDO XVH RI WKH PHWKRG WR VHOHFW D PDWHULDO LV
IRUFHDSSOLHGDWWKHGUXPD[LVLQWRDSXOOLQJIRUFHLQWKHZLUH
UHGXFHG WR URXWLQH WKDW FDQ EH UHDGLO\ LPSOHPHQWHG RQ
URSH
FRPSXWHU 7KHUHIRUH LQ D JLYHQ PDWHULDOV VHOHFWLRQ SUREOHP
7KLVSDSHUDGGUHVVHVWKHGHVLJQRIDURSHGUXPIRUPDQXDO
RQH FDQ XVH D QXPEHU RI GLIIHUHQW 0&'0 PHWKRGV DQG
ZLQFKDSSOLFDWLRQDQGSDUWLFXODUO\WKHVHOHFWLRQRIDPDWHULDO
FRPSDUHWKHUHVXOWDQWUDQNLQJVMXVWDV>@GLGEHIRUHDUULYLQJ
IRU VXFK D GUXP 8OWLPDWHO\ WKH SDSHU GHPRQVWUDWHV WKH
DWWKHILQDOFKRLFHRIPDWHULDO
SURFHVVLQJ RI URSH GUXP GHVLJQ FRQVLGHUDWLRQV DQG PDWHULDO
*LYHQ WKHVH FLUFXPVWDQFHV LW VKRXOG EH PRUH FKDOOHQJLQJ
SURSHUWLHV GDWD LQWR LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDW FDQ EH XVHG WR VHOHFW D
DQGUHZDUGLQJWRVFUXWLQL]HWKHGHVLJQLVVXHVWKDWDUHVSHFLILF
VXLWDEOH PDWHULDO IRU WKH PDQXIDFWXUH RI WKH URSH GUXP 7KH
WRWKHSURGXFWEHLQJGHVLJQHGLQRUGHUWRHVWDEOLVKWKHUHOHYDQW
VHOHFWLRQ SURFHGXUH WKDW LV GHPRQVWUDWHG KHUH FDQ EH DGDSWHG
VHOHFWLRQ FULWHULD DQG WR LQFOXGH WKH FDQGLGDWH PDWHULDOV WKDW
DQGXVHGLQRWKHUVLWXDWLRQVZKHUHWKHVHOHFWLRQRIDPDWHULDO
ZRXOG \LHOG PHDQLQJIXO UHVXOWV IURP D PHFKDQLFDO GHVLJQ
IRUDSURGXFWXQGHUGHVLJQLVQHFHVVDU\
SRLQWRIYLHZ'RLQJWKLVIRUWKHFDVHRIDURSHGUXPGHVLJQ
LVWKHPDLQREMHFWLYHLQWKLVSDSHU
,, 0(7+2'2/2*<
$FFRUGLQJ WR >@ WKH VHOHFWLRQ RI PDWHULDOV LQ HQJLQHHULQJ
7KHSUREOHPRIVHOHFWLQJDPDWHULDOIRUWKHPDQXIDFWXUHRID GHVLJQLQYROYHV
SURGXFW HQWDLOV PDNLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WR XVH D SDUWLFXODU   7UDQVODWLQJ GHVLJQ UHTXLUHPHQWV LQWR VSHFLILFDWLRQV IRU D
PDWHULDOSLFNHGIURPDPRQJWKHDYDLODEOHFDQGLGDWHPDWHULDOV PDWHULDO
VXFKWKDWWKHVHOHFWHGPDWHULDOZLOOVDWLVI\DYDULHW\RIGHVLJQ   6FUHHQLQJ RXW WKRVH PDWHULDOV WKDW GR QRW PHHW WKH
 VSHFLILFDWLRQVLQRUGHUWROHDYHRQO\WKHYLDEOHFDQGLGDWHV
0RVHV)2GXRULLVZLWKWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI0HFKDQLFDODQG0DQXIDFWXULQJ
(QJLQHHULQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 1DLUREL 32 %R[  *32  1DLUREL
  5DQNLQJ RI WKH VXUYLYLQJ PDWHULDOV WR LGHQWLI\ WKRVH WKDW
.HQ\D SKRQHHPDLOIRGXRUL#XRQELDFNH  KDYHWKHJUHDWHVWSRWHQWLDO
(QRFK . 0XV\RND DQG 7KRPDV 2 0EX\D DUH ZLWK WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI   8VLQJ VXSSRUWLQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ WR ILQDOO\ DUULYH DW WKH
0HFKDQLFDODQG0DQXIDFWXULQJ(QJLQHHULQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI1DLUREL32%R[
 *32  1DLUREL .HQ\D HPDLO HQRFKNLPDQ]L#XRQELDFNH
FKRLFHRIPDWHULDOWREHXVHG
WPEX\D#XRQELDFNH  7KLVSDSHULVSDUWLFXODUO\FRQFHUQHGZLWKWKHWUDQVODWLRQRI
7KLV ZRUN ZDV IXQGHG E\ WKH 'HDQV &RPPLWWHH 5HVHDUFK )XQG RI WKH GHVLJQUHTXLUHPHQWVLQWRPDWHULDOSHUIRUPDQFHUDWLQJVDQGWKH
8QLYHUVLW\RI1DLUREL
VXEVHTXHQW UDQNLQJ RI YLDEOH FDQGLGDWH PDWHULDOV E\ XVH RI

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 124 scholar.waset.org/1999.2/10004377
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016

PDWHULDO LQGLFHV RI PHULW ,W FRPPHQFHV ZLWK D UHYLHZ RI WKH ZHLJKWRIWKHGUXP
PHFKDQLFDO GHVLJQ SURFHVV DV DSSOLHG WR D URSH GUXP DQG )XUWKHU WKH GHVLJQ SURFHVV DLPV DPRQJ RWKHU WKLQJV WR
HODERUDWLRQ RI WKH SHUWLQHQW GHVLJQ FRQVLGHUDWLRQV OHDGLQJ WR VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ VDWLVI\ WKH IROORZLQJ PDQXIDFWXULQJ DQG
WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI UHOHYDQW GHVLJQ HTXDWLRQV 7KH GHVLJQ RSHUDWLQJUHTXLUHPHQWV
HTXDWLRQV DUH WKHQ XVHG LQ WUDQVODWLQJ GHVLJQ FRQVLGHUDWLRQV x 0LQLPXP H[SHQGLWXUH RQ ODERXU PDWHULDOV HQHUJ\ DQG
LQWR TXDQWLWDWLYH LQGLFDWRUV RI PDWHULDO SHUIRUPDQFH 7KLV LV RWKHU UHVRXUFHV ERWK LQ WKH PDQXIDFWXUH DQG XVH RI WKH
HVVHQWLDOO\DQLQIRUPDWLRQSURFHVVLQJWDVN SURGXFW
7KH SUREOHP RI VHOHFWLQJ D PDWHULDO IRU WKH URSH GUXP LV x 6LPSOH FRQYHQLHQW RSHUDWLRQ DQG VHUYLFLQJ ZLWK
WKHQ IRUPXODWHG DV D PXOWLSOH DWWULEXWH GHFLVLRQ PDNLQJ PLQLPXPSK\VLFDOGHPDQGVRQSHUVRQQHO
0$'0  SUREOHP LQ ZKLFK WKH QRUPDOL]HG PDWHULDO x 0D[LPXP SURGXFWLYLW\ LQ XVLQJ WKH GHYLFH ZLWK
SHUIRUPDQFH UDWLQJV DUH WKH DWWULEXWHV 0DWHULDO LQGLFHV RI PD[LPXPHIILFDF\DQGDWPLQLPXPFRVW
PHULW DUH WKHQ FDOFXODWHG DV ZHLJKWHG VXPV RI WKH DWWULEXWHV x 0D[LPXP UHOLDELOLW\  VR WKDW WKH GHYLFH FDQ EH UHOLHG
$SSOLFDWLRQ RI WKH VHOHFWLRQ SURFHGXUH LV GHPRQVWUDWHG XVLQJ XSRQWRIXQFWLRQDVLWVKRXOGZKHQLWLVH[SHFWHGWR
PDWHULDOSURSHUWLHVGDWDWKDWZHUHGUDZQIURPWKHOLWHUDWXUH 7KHURSHGUXPIXQFWLRQVLQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKZLUHURSHDQG
WKHUHIRUH LWV GHVLJQ PXVW DOZD\V WDNH GUXPURSH LQWHUDFWLRQV
International Science Index, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004377

,,,5(9,(:2)7+(0(&+$1,&$/'(6,*1352&(662)$523( LQWR DFFRXQW )RU LQVWDQFH WKH DFWLYH VXUIDFH RI WKH GUXP
'580 VKRXOG SUHIHUDEO\ EH SURYLGHG ZLWK JURRYHV WKDW HQDEOH WKH
,QVHOHFWLQJZLUHURSHIRULQVWDQFHRQHRQO\KDVWRFKRRVHD URSH WR ZLQG XQLIRUPO\ XSRQ WKH GUXP 0RUHRYHU ZKHUH
URSHWKDWZRXOGEHVWPHHWWKHDSSOLFDWLRQUHTXLUHPHQWVIURPD SRVVLEOHWKHZKROHOHQJWKRIURSHVKRXOGEHDFFRPPRGDWHGLQ
VHWRIUHDG\PDGHSURGXFWVZKRVHGHWDLOVDUHVSHFLILHGLQWKH D VLQJOH OD\HU RI ZLQGLQJ XSRQ WKH GUXP WR PLQLPL]H URSH
PDQXIDFWXUHUV FDWDORJXHV >@ 7KLV LV RIWHQ WKH FDVH ZKHQ ZHDU 7KXV URSH GUXP GHVLJQ DLPV DW UHDOL]LQJ D URSH GUXP
GHDOLQJZLWKKLJKO\VWDQGDUGL]HGPDVVSURGXFHGFRPSRQHQWV WKDWPHHWVWKHIROORZLQJDPRQJRWKHUUHTXLUHPHQWV
DPRQJVW ZKLFK DUH DQWLIULFWLRQ EHDULQJV SRZHU WUDQVPLVVLRQ x 6WRUHWKHHQWLUHOHQJWKRIURSHLQRQHVPRRWKHYHQOD\HU
FKDLQV 9EHOWV DQG ZLUH URSH ,Q HQJLQHHULQJ GHVLJQ WKH 7KLV LV UHDOL]HG E\ SURYLGLQJ D VXLWDEOH FRPELQDWLRQ RI
SURFHVV RI VHOHFWLQJ VXFK VWDQGDUGL]HG FRPSRQHQWV KDV EHHQ GUXPGLDPHWHUDQGGUXPOHQJWKZKLFKGHWHUPLQHWKHDUHD
WHUPHGapplication engineering>@ RIWKHDFWLYHVXUIDFHRIWKHGUXP
7KH FDSLWDOLQWHQVLYH PDVV SURGXFWLRQ RI KLJKO\ x $YRLG LQWHUWZLQLQJ RI WKH URSH DQG PLQLPL]H ZHDU DQG
VWDQGDUGL]HG FRPSRQHQWV LV MXVWLILHG LI VXFK FRPSRQHQWV DUH RWKHU GDPDJH WR WKH URSH 7KLV FDQ EH DFKLHYHG E\
XVHG LQ D ZLGH UDQJH RI DSSOLFDWLRQV 7KXV WKH\ FDQ EH SURYLGLQJ WKH DFWLYH VXUIDFH RI WKH GUXP ZLWK VXLWDEOH
PDQXIDFWXUHG DQG VROG LQ JUHDW TXDQWLWLHV ZLWK WKH DFFUXLQJ JURRYHV RI UHTXLVLWH GLPHQVLRQV IRU WKH GLDPHWHU RI WKH
DGYDQWDJHV RI WKH HFRQRP\ RI VFDOH 7KLV LV WUXH IRU PRVW URSHWREHXVHGDVZHOODVVHOHFWLQJDVXLWDEOHPDWHULDOIRU
FRPSRQHQWV RI HOHFWURQLF HTXLSPHQW 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG WKHGUXPVKHOO
FRPSRQHQWV VXFK DV URSH GUXPV ILQG DSSOLFDWLRQ RQ RQO\ D x %H RI DGHTXDWH VWUHQJWK WR ZLWKVWDQG WKH PRVW VHYHUH
VPDOO VHW RI VSHFLDOL]HG HTXLSPHQW VXFK DV FUDQHV DQG ORDGLQJ WKDW LV DSSOLFDEOH 7KLV FDQ EH DFKLHYHG E\
ZLQFKHV 0RUHRYHU GHVLJQ UHTXLUHPHQWV RQ URSH GUXPV PD\ SURYLGLQJ DGHTXDWH GLPHQVLRQV RI WKH GUXP VXFK DV WKH
YDU\ ZLGHO\ IURP RQH LQVWDQFH RI DSSOLFDWLRQ WR DQRWKHU FRPELQDWLRQ RI GUXP GLDPHWHU GUXP OHQJWK DQG GUXP
7KHUHIRUH LW ZRXOG QRW EH HFRQRPLFDO WR VWDQGDUGL]H DQG VKHOOWKLFNQHVVDVZHOODVVHOHFWLQJDVXLWDEOHPDWHULDOIRU
PDVVSURGXFH FRPSRQHQWV WKDW IDOO LQWR WKLV FDWHJRU\ 7KXV WKHGUXP
URSH GUXPV XVXDOO\ KDYH WR EH GHVLJQHG IURP ILUVW SULQFLSOHV x 5HVLVW DEUDVLRQ DQG FRUURVLRQ 7KLV FDQ EH DFKLHYHG
DQGSRVVLEO\EHPDQXIDFWXUHGLQKRXVH7KLVLVW\SLFDORIPRVW WKURXJK SURSHU VHOHFWLRQ DQG SURFHVVLQJ RI PDWHULDO IRU
PHFKDQLFDO FRPSRQHQWV WKDW FRPSULVH WKH ZRUNLQJ KHDG RI WKHGUXP
PDFKLQHV x %H RI PLQLPXP FRVW SRVVLEOH 7KLV FDQ EH DFKLHYHG
7KH DFWLYLWLHV WKDW FRPSULVH SURGXFW GHVLJQ LQFOXGH WKH ODUJHO\ WKURXJK WKH VHOHFWLRQ RI PDWHULDOV DQG
GHWHUPLQDWLRQ RI PDWHULDOV JHRPHWU\ DQG PDQXIDFWXULQJ PDQXIDFWXULQJSURFHVVHV
SURFHVVHVDVZHOODVWKHRYHUDOOFRQILJXUDWLRQRIWKHSURGXFW )URP WKH DERYH FRQVLGHUDWLRQV LW LV HYLGHQW WKDW WKH
VRWKDWLWFDQEHPDGHDQGIXQFWLRQWRVSHFLILFDWLRQV VHOHFWLRQDQGSURFHVVLQJRIPDWHULDOVLVDPDMRUWDVNRIFULWLFDO
7KHEDVLFJURVVJHRPHWULFDOIRUPRIWKHURSHGUXPLVQRWLQ LPSRUWDQFHLQWKHGHVLJQRIDPDQXDOZLQFKURSHGUXPMXVWDV
FRQWHQWLRQ ,W LV XVXDOO\ D ULJKW FLUFXODU F\OLQGULFDO VKHOO 7KH LWLVLQWKHGHVLJQRIPRVWSURGXFWV
UHDVRQVIRUWKHFKRLFHRIWKLVIRUPLQFOXGHWKHIROORZLQJ
x 7KH FXUYDWXUH RI WKH FLUFXODU IRUP LV FRQWLQXRXV DQG ,9 (/$%25$7,212)3(57,1(17523('580'(6,*1
XQLIRUP DQG LW LV FRPSOHWHO\ GHWHUPLQHG E\ D VLQJOH &216,'(5$7,216
SDUDPHWHU  WKH UDGLXV ,QGHHG WKH FLUFXODU IRUP LV A. Drum Shell Thickness under the Rope
FRPSOHWHO\V\PPHWULFDO 'XULQJRSHUDWLRQWKHGUXPLVVXEMHFWHGWRDFRPELQDWLRQRI
x 7KH FLUFXODU IRUP LV UHODWLYHO\ HDV\ WR SURGXFH DQG WKHUH WRUVLRQ EHQGLQJ DQG FRPSUHVVLYH KRRS VWUHVVHV 7RUVLRQ DQG
DUH D QXPEHU RI PDQXIDFWXULQJ SURFHVVHV WKDW DUH VXLWHG EHQGLQJ EHFRPH VLJQLILFDQW RQO\ IRU YHU\ ORQJ GUXPV 6LQFH
IRULWVSURGXFWLRQ FRPSUHVVLYH KRRS VWUHVV LV PXFK ODUJHU WKDQ VWUHVVHV GXH WR
x 7KH ULJKW FLUFXODU F\OLQGULFDO VKHOO HFRQRPL]HV RQ WKH

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 125 scholar.waset.org/1999.2/10004377
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016

WRUVLRQDQGEHQGLQJLWVKRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGILUVW HOHPHQWDOOHQJWKRIWKHURSHVHJPHQWPD\EHH[SUHVVHGDV
&RQVLGHU DQ HOHPHQW IURP WKH GUXP VKHOO DV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ 
qDd d r
)LJ  Dd  LV GUXP GLDPHWHU DQG d r  LV ZLUH URSH GLDPHWHU qGA GT 

7KHVKHOOFDQEHWUHDWHGDVDWKLQZDOOHGF\OLQGHU 
 7KHYHUWLFDOFRPSRQHQWRIWKLVIRUFHPD\EHH[SUHVVHGDV

qDd d r
q VLQ TGA VLQ TGT 


&RQVLGHULQJ WKH EDODQFH RI YHUWLFDO IRUFHV DFWLQJ XSRQ WKH
VHPLFLUFXODUURSHVHJPHQW

S
VLQ TGT 
qDd d r
 Q  

International Science Index, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004377


Q
q
Dd d r
 
7KHUHVXOWLQ  FDQDOVREHIRXQGLQ>@,Q   Q LVWKH
)LJ'HWHUPLQDWLRQRIGUXPVKHOOWKLFNQHVV
 WHQVLRQ LQ WKH URSH VHJPHQW DQG LW LV DVVXPHG WR EH FRQVWDQW
$Q\IULFWLRQDOHIIHFWVEHWZHHQWKHURSHDQGWKHGUXPVKHOO WKURXJKRXWWKHOHQJWKRIWKHURSHVHJPHQW)URP  DQG  LW
ZLOO EH QHJOHFWHG DQG LW VKDOO EH DVVXPHG WKDW WKH SUHVVXUH IROORZVWKDW
DFWLQJXSRQWKHGUXPVKHOOGXHWRWKHURSHLVXQLIRUP:LWK T  
EHLQJPHDVXUHGLQUDGLDQVWKHHOHPHQWDODUHD GA XSRQZKLFK  ts
Q   
Vc d r
WKHSUHVVXUH q DFWVPD\EHH[SUHVVHGDV

 2RQLVKL>@XVHGWKHIROORZLQJHTXDWLRQWRGHWHUPLQHGUXP
 GA
Dd d r
GT
   VKHOOWKLFNQHVVXQGHUWKHURSH

 
7KH IRUFH WKDW DFWV QRUPDOO\ XSRQ WKLV HOHPHQWDO DUHD GXH  ts
Q   
Vc p
WRSUHVVXUH q PD\EHH[SUHVVHGDV


,Q   p  LV WKH SLWFK RI WKH URSH JURRYHV RQ WKH DFWLYH
 qDd d r
qGA GT    VXUIDFHRIWKHGUXPDVLOOXVWUDWHGLQ)LJ

 B. Volume of Material Required to Make the Drum Shell
7KHYHUWLFDOFRPSRQHQWRIWKHDERYHIRUFHLVJLYHQE\ &RQVLGHU WKH DFWLYH OHQJWK RI WKH GUXP VKHOO ZKLFK LV D

ULJKWFLUFXODUF\OLQGHUDVLOOXVWUDWHGLQ)LJ
 qDd d r VLQ T   
q VLQ TGA GT 7KH YROXPH RFFXSLHG E\ WKH PDWHULDO RI WKH VKHOO LV
 GHWHUPLQHGDV
 
1RZFRQVLGHUWKHEDODQFHRIYHUWLFDOIRUFHVDFWLQJXSRQWKH
VHPLFLUFXODUGUXPVKHOOHOHPHQW,WIROORZVWKDW  Vs
SL


Do   Di  SL

Do  Di Do  Di   


S
1RZ
VLQ GT 
qDd d r
t s d r V c
    Do  Di
 tp   


ts
qDd 
V c
,Q   t p  LV WKH WKLFNQHVV RI WKH VKHOO EHIRUH WKH URSH

JURRYHVDUHPDFKLQHGRQWRWKHDFWLYHVXUIDFHRIWKHGUXP
,Q   V c LVWKHDOORZDEOHFRPSUHVVLYHKRRSVWUHVVLQWKH 5HIHUULQJWR)LJDFFRUGLQJWR>@VKHOOWKLFNQHVVEHIRUH
PDWHULDORIWKHGUXPVKHOO PDFKLQLQJLVGHWHUPLQHGDV
6LPLODUO\FRQVLGHUWKHHTXLOLEULXPRIWKHURSHVHJPHQWWKDW 
LQWHUDFWV ZLWK WKH GUXP VKHOO HOHPHQW WKDW KDV MXVW EHHQ dr
 tp ts    
FRQVLGHUHG 7KH UDGLDO IRUFH DFWLQJ RXWZDUGV XSRQ DQ 


International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 126 scholar.waset.org/1999.2/10004377
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016

ZHDN DQG PD\ EH QHJOHFWHG ,Q WKDW FDVH WKH IROORZLQJ
DSSUR[LPDWLRQZKLFKVOLJKWO\H[DJJHUDWHV Vs PD\EHXVHG

 Vs hpt p   

C. Buckling of the Drum Shell


7KHURSHGUXPVKHOOLVDULJKWFLUFXODUF\OLQGHURIUHODWLYHO\
VPDOOZDOOWKLFNQHVV$FFRUGLQJWR$VKE\>@DQG7LPRVKHQNR
 >@ D WKLQZDOOHG HODVWLF WXEH ZLOO EXFNOH LQZDUGV XQGHU WKH
)LJ'UXPJURRYHGLPHQVLRQVDFFRUGLQJWR>@ DFWLRQRIDFULWLFDOYDOXHRIWKHH[WHUQDOSUHVVXUH q
JLYHQE\
 
EI
 q
critical   
r

International Science Index, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004377


)LJ5LJKWFLUFXODUF\OLQGULFDOVKHOO 
 )LJ'UXPVKHOOEXFNOLQJSUHVVXUH

6LQFH t s  LV LQGHSHQGHQW RI GUXP GLDPHWHU DV ZDV VHHQ LQ
,Q )LJ  q
 LV OLQHDO SUHVVXUH PHDVXUHG LQ 1HZWRQV SHU
  t p ZLOODOVREHLQGHSHQGHQWRIGUXPGLDPHWHU0RUHRYHU FLUFXPIHUHQWLDOPHWUH,IZHFRQVLGHUDORQJLWXGLQDOOHQJWKRI
 DQG  DOVRLPSO\WKDW GUXPVKHOOHTXDOWR d r DVLOOXVWUDWHGLQ)LJWKHQ


 Do Dd   
 qdr q
  


)URP  DQG  LWIROORZVWKDW

0RUHRYHU LQ   I  LV WKH VHFRQG PRPHQW RI DUHD RI D
 Do  Di
 Dd  t p    VHFWLRQRIWKHGUXPVKHOOZDOOFXWSDUDOOHOWRWKHGUXPD[LV D
ORQJLWXGLQDO VHFWLRQ  ,I DJDLQZH FRQVLGHU D OHQJWKRIGUXP

VKHOOHTXDOWR d r WKHQ
6LQFHWKHOHQJWK L LVWKHDFWLYHOHQJWKRIWKHGUXPVKHOOLI
WKH WRWDO KHLJKW WKURXJK ZKLFK WKH ZLQFK FDQ KRLVW D ORDG LV 
GHQRWHGE\ h LWIROORZVWKDW drts
 I   
 
 
p  
h
L
SDd /DVWO\LQ  ZHFDQHVWLPDWH r
WREHHTXDOWR Dd  

ZKLFK LV DFWXDOO\ D VOLJKWO\ ODUJHU UDGLXV DQG ZLOO WKHUHIRUH
7KXV
\LHOG D ORZHU FULWLFDO EXFNOLQJ ORDG OHDGLQJ WR D PRUH
S hp
 Vs u
 SDd

u  Dd  t p u t p FRQVHUYDWLYHGHVLJQ(TXDWLRQ  FDQQRZEHUHZULWWHQDV
  


tp
Vs hpt p  

Dd

,Q   IRU Dd !! t p  WKH GHSHQGHQFH RI Vs  RQ Dd  LV

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 127 scholar.waset.org/1999.2/10004377
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016




drts
qcritical d r E u u   
y  x x 
  Dd   
  R  
 Et s

5HODWLYH:HDU5DWH
q critical  
Dd


)URP  DQG  WKHIROORZLQJFDQEHREWDLQHG 

 

Qcritical  Et s 
qcritical 
 Dd d r Dd    

Ed r t s            
Qcritical  5RFNZHOO+DUGQHVV1XPEHU
Dd 
 )LJ'UXPJURRYHZHDUUDWHDJDLQVWJURRYHVXUIDFHKDUGQHVV>@
International Science Index, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004377

,Q   Qcritical  LV WKH FULWLFDO WHQVLRQ LQ WKH URSH ZKLFK 

VKRXOGQRWEHH[FHHGHGLIEXFNOLQJRIWKHGUXPVKHOOLVWREH 9 352&('85()256(/(&7,1*$0$7(5,$/)257+('580


DYRLGHG 6+(//
D. Drum Groove Wear Rate 7KHPDWHULDOVHOHFWLRQSURFHVVZLOOEHLPSOHPHQWHGLQWKUHH
7KHQXPEHURQHUHDVRQIRUUHSODFLQJDURSHGUXPLVZHDURI VWDJHV QDPHO\ *R1RJR VFUHHQLQJ UDQNLQJ RI FDQGLGDWH
WKH JURRYHV >@ 6XFK ZHDU FDQ PDNH WKH WRS VXUIDFH RI WKH PDWHULDOV E\ XVH RI LQGLFHV RI PHULW DQG XVH RI VXSSRUWLQJ
ODQG WKDW VHSDUDWHV WKH JURRYHV WR EH H[WUHPHO\ VKDUS DQG LQIRUPDWLRQ WR PDNH D ILQDO FKRLFH RI PDWHULDO >@ >@
FDSDEOH RI FXWWLQJ WKH ZLUH URSH :HDU LQ WKH EDVH RI WKH ,QLWLDOO\HYHU\PDWHULDOWKDWFDQFRQFHLYDEO\EHXVHGWRPDNH
JURRYHVUHVXOWVLQFRUUXJDWLRQVWKDWSUHYHQWWKHZLUHURSHIURP WKHURSHGUXPVKRXOGEHLQFOXGHGDVDFDQGLGDWHSURYLGHGWKDW
WZLVWLQJDQGUHVXOWLQSLQFKLQJDQGGDPDJLQJRIWKHURSH%RWK DGHTXDWH UHOHYDQW LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH PDWHULDO LQ TXHVWLRQ LV
RI WKHVH SUREOHPV FDQ EH DOOHYLDWHG WKURXJK WKH VHOHFWLRQ RI DYDLODEOH ([SHULHQFH PD\ EH XVHG FDUHIXOO\ WR JXLGH WKH
PDWHULDODQGKHDWWUHDWPHQWRIWKHURSHGUXP LQFOXVLRQRIFDQGLGDWHPDWHULDOVDQGWRDYRLGWKHLQFOXVLRQRI
$FFRUGLQJWR>@URSHGUXPVWKDWDUHFDUEXUL]HGDQGFDVH WKRVH PDWHULDOV WKDW DUH NQRZQ WR EH XQVXLWDEOH IRU WKH
KDUGHQHG WR DERXW  5RFNZHOO &  %ULQHOO  NJ  DSSOLFDWLRQDWKDQG
YLUWXDOO\HOLPLQDWHPDLQWHQDQFHRQWKHGUXPDQGVLJQLILFDQWO\ A. Go or No-go Screening
LPSURYHWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIZLUHURSH
7UDGLWLRQDOO\ZLUHURSHGUXPVKDYHEHHQGHVLJQHGE\ILUVW
7KHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQZHDUUDWHDQGWKHVXUIDFHKDUGQHVV
FRQVLGHULQJ WKHLU DELOLW\ WR ZLWKVWDQG WKH FRPSUHVVLYH KRRS
RIWKHGUXPJURRYHVLVLOOXVWUDWHGLQ)LJ
VWUHVVWKDWDULVHVLQWKHGUXPVKHOO>@>@
,W FDQ EH VHHQ LQ )LJ  WKDW WKH IROORZLQJ UHJUHVVLRQ
2RQLVKL>@XVHGDQDOORZDEOHFRPSUHVVLYHVWUHVVRI03D
HTXDWLRQILWVWKHGDWDFORVHO\

LQ GHVLJQLQJ D FDVW LURQ URSH GUXP 5XGHQNR >@
UHFRPPHQGHGDSHUPLVVLEOHFRPSUHVVLYHVWUHVVRI03DIRU
 RWR  RC   RC      URSHGUXPVPDGHRIFDVWLURQ03DIRURQHVWKDWDUHPDGH

R   RI VWHHO FDVWLQJV DQG  03D IRU RQHV WKDW DUH PDGH RI
 ZHOGHG VWHHO SODWHV %XWW\ >@ UHFRPPHQGV D PD[LPXP
,Q   RWR GHQRWHVUHODWLYHZHDUUDWHDQG RC GHQRWHV DOORZDEOH FRPSUHVVLYH KRRS VWUHVV RI  03D IRU GUXP
WKH5RFNZHOO&KDUGQHVVQXPEHU:KHQWKHPDWHULDOKDUGQHVV VKHOOVZLWKRXWVSHFLI\LQJWKHPDWHULDORIGUXPFRQVWUXFWLRQ
LV VWDWHG LQ WHUPV RI WKH %ULQHOO KDUGQHVV QXPEHU WKHQ WKH 0DWHULDOV GDWD GRFXPHQWV XVXDOO\ JLYH WKH PDWHULDOV \LHOG
FRUUHVSRQGLQJHTXDWLRQEHFRPHV VWUHVV V y  UDWKHU WKDQ WKH DOORZDEOHSHUPLVVLEOH VWUHVV ,I WKH

DOORZDEOHFRPSUHVVLYHKRRSVWUHVVLVGHQRWHGE\ V c DVDIHW\
RWR  BH 
    IDFWRU SF  FDQ EH LQFRUSRUDWHG LQ WKH GHVLJQ ZKLFK LV
R   GHILQHGDV
 
,Q   BH GHQRWHVWKH%ULQHOONJKDUGQHVVQXPEHU Vy
 SF   
6RPHPDWHULDOVWKDWPD\RULJLQDOO\EHRIORZKDUGQHVVFDQ Vc
EH FDVH KDUGHQHG WR DFKLHYH WKH UHTXLUHG VXUIDFH KDUGQHVV 
7KLVLVRIWHQWKHSUDFWLFHLQWKHGHVLJQRIURSHGUXPV 7KH '19 6WDQGDUG >@ UHTXLUHV WKDW WKH FDOFXODWHG
 FRPSUHVVLYH KRRS VWUHVV VKRXOG QRW H[FHHG  RI WKH
PDWHULDO\LHOGVWUHVV7KLVOHDGVWRDVDIHW\IDFWRURIDERXW
7KH $XVWUDOLDQ 6WDQGDUG >@ UHTXLUHV WKDW WKH FDOFXODWHG

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 128 scholar.waset.org/1999.2/10004377
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016

FRPSUHVVLYH KRRS VWUHVV VKRXOG QRW H[FHHG  RI WKH FKRLFH RI PDWHULDOV FDQ EH QDUURZHG GRZQ WR RQO\ D IHZ WRS
PDWHULDO\LHOGVWUHVV7KLVOHDGVWRDVDIHW\IDFWRURIDERXW UDQNHG FDQGLGDWHV RI VD\ ILYH WR WHQ PDWHULDOV 6XSSRUWLQJ
,IWKHPLQLPXPDOORZDEOHFRPSUHVVLYHKRRSVWUHVVIRUDQ\ LQIRUPDWLRQ FDQ WKHQ EH XVHG WR PDNH WKH ILQDO FKRLFH RI
PDWHULDOLVVHWWREH03DDQGDVDIHW\IDFWRURILVXVHG PDWHULDO
WKHQWKHORZHUOLPLWWRWKH\LHOGVWUHVVIRUDQ\PDWHULDOZRXOG
C. Use of Supporting Information
EHDERXW03D7KLVFULWHULRQZLOOEHXVHGLQD*R1RJR
VFUHHQLQJ VXFK WKDW DQ\ PDWHULDO ZLWK D \LHOG VWUHVV WKDW LV 6XSSRUWLQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ VKRXOG HQDEOH DILQDO FKRLFHRI WKH
ORZHU WKDQ  03D ZLOO EH HOLPLQDWHG ,I D PDWHULDO ZLWK D PDWHULDO WR EH DUULYHG DW 7KH LVVXHV WR EH FRQVLGHUHG DW WKLV
\LHOGVWUHVVWKDWLVKLJKHUWKDQ03DVKRXOGHYHQWXDOO\EH VWDJHLQFOXGHWKHIROORZLQJ
XVHGWRPDNHWKHGUXPVKHOOWKHQIRUWKHVDPHVDIHW\IDFWRU x &DVHVWXGLHVRQSUHYLRXVGHVLJQVRIVLPLODUSURGXFWV,QD
WKHDOORZDEOHFRPSUHVVLYHKRRSVWUHVVLQWKHPDWHULDOZLOOEH SURFHVV WKDW LV NQRZQ DV FDVHEDVHG UHDVRQLQJ &%5 
SURSRUWLRQDWHO\KLJKHUWKDQ03D7KLVZRXOGPHDQWKDWIRU PDWHULDOV WKDW KDYH EHHQ VXFFHVVIXOO\ XVHG LQ VLPLODU
DJLYHQORDGWREHKRLVWHGRUKDXOHGDWKLQQHUGUXPVKHOOPD\ DSSOLFDWLRQV FRXOG EHUHJDUGHGIDYRXUDEO\EXW WKLV DORQH
EHXVHG VKRXOGQRWEHWKHEDVLVIRUDILQDOFKRLFH
x $YDLODELOLW\ RI WKH FDQGLGDWH PDWHULDOV ,I WKH VHOHFWHG
International Science Index, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004377

B. Ranking of Candidate Materials by Use of Indices of PDWHULDO KDV WR EH SURFXUHG IURP GLVWDQW SODFHV WKH
Merit HYHQWXDO FRVW FRXOG ULVH WR SURKLELWLYH OHYHOV GXH WR
+DYLQJ SHUIRUPHG WKH *R1RJR VFUHHQLQJ VXSSRVH WKDW VKLSSLQJDQGUHODWHGFKDUJHV0RUHRYHUWKHSURFXUHPHQW
WKHUH DUH m  FDQGLGDWH PDWHULDOV OHIW IURP DPRQJ ZKLFK WKH RI PDWHULDOV IURP GLVWDQW SODFHV PD\ LQFXU XQDFFHSWDEO\
PDWHULDO WR EH ILQDOO\ XVHG ZLOO EH VHOHFWHG 7KH UHPDLQLQJ ORQJGXUDWLRQVRIWLPH
FDQGLGDWH PDWHULDOV FDQ WKHQ EH UDQNHG DFFRUGLQJ WR WKHLU x 7KH SXUFKDVH SULFH RI WKH FDQGLGDWH PDWHULDOV (YHQ IRU
VXLWDELOLW\IRUXVHLQWKHPDQXIDFWXUHRIWKHURSHGUXPE\XVH WKRVH FDQGLGDWH PDWHULDOV WKDW PD\ EH DYDLODEOH ORFDOO\
RIPDWHULDOLQGLFHVRIPHULWZKLFKFDQEHFDOFXODWHGDV WKHSXUFKDVHSULFHFRXOGEHSURKLELWLYHO\KLJK
 x 0DQXIDFWXULQJ3URFHVVHV,WLVQHFHVVDU\WRFRQVLGHULIWKH
n PDQXIDFWXULQJ SURFHVVHV WR EH XVHG ZLWK HDFK RI WKH
 ai b c ij j
   FDQGLGDWH PDWHULDOV DUH DYDLODEOH ORFDOO\ DQG ZKDW LW
j  ZRXOG FRVW WR XVH WKRVH SURFHVVHV +LJKO\ VSHFLDOL]HG
 PDQXIDFWXULQJSURFHVVHVRIWHQSURYHWREHFRVWOLHU
,Q   x 0DQXIDFWXULQJ 3URSHUWLHV 6XFK IDFWRUV DV FDVWLQJ
x ai LVWKHLQGH[RIPHULWIRUFDQGLGDWHPDWHULDO i  SURSHUWLHV IRUPDELOLW\ HDVH RI PDFKLQLQJ DQG ZHOGLQJ
VKRXOG EH HYDOXDWHG LQ WKH OLJKW RI WKH DYDLODEOH DQG WKH
x bij  LV D PDWHULDO SHUIRUPDQFH UDWLQJ WKDW LQGLFDWHV WKH SUHIHUUHG PDQXIDFWXULQJ SURFHVVHV )RU URSH GUXPV LQ
H[WHQW WR ZKLFK VRPH SURSHUW\ RU VRPH FRPELQDWLRQ RI SDUWLFXODUWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIFDVHKDUGHQLQJDPDWHULDOWRD
SURSHUWLHVRIPDWHULDO i VDWLVILHVDGHVLJQUHTXLUHPHQW j  GHVLUHGVXUIDFHKDUGQHVVLVRIVSHFLDOLQWHUHVW
x 7KHIRUPVDQGVL]HVLQZKLFKWKHPDWHULDOVDUHDYDLODEOH
x c j LVDZHLJKWWKDWLVDVVLJQHGWRGHVLJQUHTXLUHPHQW j  $ PDWHULDO WKDW LV DYDLODEOH LQ FLUFXODU SLSH IRUP RI
DQGLVLQGLFDWLYHRIWKHUHODWLYHLPSRUWDQFHWKDWLVDWWDFKHG DGHTXDWH GLDPHWHU DQG ZDOO WKLFNQHVV IRU LQVWDQFH ZLOO
WRGHVLJQUHTXLUHPHQW j DVFRPSDUHGWRWKHRWKHUGHVLJQ IDFLOLWDWHHDVLHUDQGOHVVFRVWO\PDQXIDFWXULQJRIWKHURSH
GUXP $ PDWHULDO WKDW LV DPHQDEOH WR IDEULFDWLRQ E\
UHTXLUHPHQWV 7KHVH ZHLJKWV VKRXOG EH EDVHG RQ WKH
FXWWLQJIRUPLQJDQGMRLQLQJDQGLVDYDLODEOHLQSODWHIRUP
H[SHULHQFHDQGNQRZOHGJHRIWKHGHFLVLRQPDNHUDQGWKHLU
RI DGHTXDWH VL]H DQG WKLFNQHVV LV DOVR VXLWDEOH IRU URSH
YDOXHV FRXOG EH GHWHUPLQHG E\ PHWKRGV VXFK DV WKH
GUXPPDQXIDFWXUH
$QDO\WLF+LHUDUFK\3URFHVVRU$+3>@>@
$OWKRXJKWKHVHOHFWLRQRIDPDWHULDOIRUWKHPDQXIDFWXUHRI
7KH VFKHPH RI FRGLQJ RI WKH PDWHULDO SHUIRUPDQFH UDWLQJV
URSH GUXPV KDV EHHQ SUHVHQWHG KHUH DV LI LW ZHUH D RQFH
DQGWKHZHLJKWVDVVLJQHGWRWKHGHVLJQUHTXLUHPHQWVVKRXOGEH
WKURXJK VWHS E\ VWHS SURFHVV LQ SUDFWLFH VRPH LWHUDWLRQ LV
GHOLEHUDWHO\DQGUHOLDEO\GHVLJQHGVXFKWKDWWKHPDWHULDOZLWK
XVXDOO\QHFHVVDU\
WKH KLJKHVW LQGH[ RI PHULW LV WKH RQH WKDW ZLOO JLYH WKH EHVW
RYHUDOOSHUIRUPDQFHLIXVHGWRPDNHWKHURSHGUXP
9, 75$16/$7,1*'(6,*15(48,5(0(176,1720$7(5,$/
,Q D PHFKDQLFDO GHVLJQ VLWXDWLRQ DOO WKH GHVLJQ 3(5)250$1&(5$7,1*6
UHTXLUHPHQWV FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHG WR EH HTXDOO\ LPSRUWDQW >@
>@,QVXFKDFDVHHDFKRIWKHGHVLJQUHTXLUHPHQWVVKRXOGEH A. Drum Shell Strength and Mass (Specific Strength)
DVVLJQHGDZHLJKWRIXQLW\DQG  ZRXOGWKHQUHGXFHWR )URP   DQG   IRU WKH GUXP WR EH FDSDEOH RI
 ZLWKVWDQGLQJ WKH FRPSUHVVLYH KRRS VWUHVVHV WKDW ZLOO EH

n
   GHYHORSHG LQ LWV VKHOO ZLWKRXW \LHOGLQJ WKH VKHOO WKLFNQHVV
ai b
j 
ij
XQGHUWKHURSHPXVWFRQIRUPWR


$IWHUUDNLQJWKHPDWHULDOVE\XVHRIWKHLQGLFHVRIPHULWWKH

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 129 scholar.waset.org/1999.2/10004377
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016

 Q    B. Drum Shell Resistance to Buckling


ts !
V ydr )URP  WKHFULWLFDOURSHWHQVLRQZKLFKLIH[FHHGHGPD\
 FDXVHWKHGUXPVKHOOWREXFNOHLVJLYHQE\
0RUHRYHUIURP  DQG  LWIROORZVWKDW 
  Ed r t s    
Qcritical
 Dd 
 r   
d Q d
tp ts  r !
 V ydr  
 )URP   DQG   WKH FULWLFDO URSH WHQVLRQ FDQ EH
&RQVLGHULQJ   DQG   LI WKH PDVV GHQVLW\ RI WKH H[SUHVVHGDV
PDWHULDOLVGHQRWHGE\ U WKHPDVVRIDGUXPVKHOOWKDWZLOOEH 
Ed r Q
RIDGHTXDWHVWUHQJWKFDQEHGHWHUPLQHGDV Qcritical ! u
  Dd 
V y d r  

 

Q d Q  E
 m UVs Uhpt p ! Uhp  r    !
V y dr 
Dd  d r  V y 
International Science Index, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004377


 
.KXUPLDQG*XSWD>@JLYHWKHIROORZLQJUHODWLRQEHWZHHQ ,Q  WKHDFWXDOWHQVLRQLQWKHURSHZKLFKLVGHQRWHGE\
WKH SLWFK p  RI WKH JURRYHV RQ WKH DFWLYH GUXP VXUIDFH DQG Q KDVDGHILQLWHYDOXHDQGLWVKRXOGEHOHVVWKDQ Qcritical LQ
WKHGLDPHWHU d r RIWKHZLUHURSH RUGHUWRDYRLGEXFNOLQJRIWKHGUXPVKHOO)URPWKLVSRLQWRI
 YLHZ DORQH WKH PDWHULDO VHOHFWLRQ SURFHVV VKRXOG DLP WR
 p d r    PD[LPL]HWKHFULWLFDOURSHWHQVLRQE\VHOHFWLQJDPDWHULDOZLWK
DKLJKYDOXHRIWKHIROORZLQJTXDQWLW\ZKLFKLVDPHDVXUHRI

WKHPDWHULDOVUHVLVWDQFHWREXFNOLQJLIXVHGWRPDNHWKHGUXP
)URP  DQG  LWIROORZVWKDW

VKHOO

 U
m ! hQ  hUd r      E   
Vy B
V y
 
,Q   LW LV SUHIHUDEOH WR VHOHFW D PDWHULDO RI KLJK \LHOG
*LYHQ WKH YDOXHV RI B   IRU D QXPEHU RI PDWHULDOV WKH
VWUHVV V y  DQG ORZ GHQVLW\ U  LQ RUGHU WR UHDOL]H D GUXP RI
QRUPDOL]HGEXFNOLQJUHVLVWDQFHUDWLQJ bi  IRUPDWHULDO i ZLOO
KLJKVWUHQJWKDQGORZPDVV)URPWKLVSRLQWRIYLHZDORQHWKH
PDWHULDO VHOHFWLRQ SURFHVV VKRXOG DLP WR PD[LPL]H WKH EHREWDLQHGE\GLYLGLQJWKHYDOXHRI B  IRUPDWHULDO i E\WKH
IROORZLQJTXDQWLW\ZKLFKPD\EHWHUPHGWKHVSHFLILFVWUHQJWK
 PHGLDQYDOXHRI B  IRUDOOWKHFDQGLGDWHPDWHULDOV
Vy
 B    C. Drum Groove Resistance to Wear
U
*LYHQHLWKHUWKH5RFNZHOO&KDUGQHVVQXPEHURUWKH%ULQHOO

KDUGQHVV QXPEHU RI D PDWHULDO WKH UHODWLYH ZHDU UDWH RI WKH
*LYHQ WKH YDOXHV RI B  IRU D QXPEHU RI PDWHULDOV WKH JURRYHV RI D GUXP WKDW LV PDGH RI WKDW PDWHULDO FDQ EH
FDOFXODWHG XVLQJ HLWKHU   RU   UHVSHFWLYHO\ 6LQFH D
VSHFLILFVWUHQJWKUDWLQJ bi IRUPDWHULDO i ZLOOEHREWDLQHGE\
PDWHULDO ZLWK D ORZ ZHDU UDWH LV GHVLUDEOH WKH PDWHULDOV
GLYLGLQJWKHYDOXHRI B IRUPDWHULDO i E\WKHPHGLDQYDOXHRI VHOHFWLRQ SURFHVV VKRXOG DLP WR VHOHFW D PDWHULDO ZLWK D KLJK
YDOXH RI WKH IROORZLQJ TXDQWLW\ ZKLFK LV D PHDVXUH RI WKH
B IRUDOOWKHFDQGLGDWHPDWHULDOV PDWHULDOVUHVLVWDQFHWRZHDULIXVHGWRPDNHWKHJURRYHGGUXP
'LYLGLQJ B IRUPDWHULDO i E\WKHPHGLDQYDOXHRI B IRU VKHOO

DOO WKH FDQGLGDWH PDWHULDOV H[SUHVVHV WKH VSHFLILF VWUHQJWK     
B
UDWLQJRQDVFDOHRQZKLFKWKHPHGLDQYDOXHZLOOKDYHDUDWLQJ RWR
RI XQLW\ $OO RWKHU YDOXHV RI WKH UDWLQJ ZLOO WKHQ EH 
SURSRUWLRQDWHPXOWLSOHVRIWKHPHGLDQYDOXH,WDOVRQRUPDOL]HV *LYHQ WKH YDOXHV RI B  IRU D QXPEHU RI PDWHULDOV WKH
WKH VSHFLILF VWUHQJWK UDWLQJ PDNLQJ LW GLPHQVLRQOHVV DQG
WKHUHIRUHQRWGHSHQGHQWRQWKHXQLWVRIPHDVXUHRIWKHPDWHULDO QRUPDOL]HG ZHDU UHVLVWDQFH UDWLQJ bi   IRU PDWHULDO i  ZLOO EH
SURSHUWLHV WKDW DUH XVHG LQ GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH UDWLQJ 7KLV REWDLQHG E\ GLYLGLQJ WKH YDOXH RI B  IRU PDWHULDO i  E\ WKH
QRUPDOL]DWLRQ VKDOO EH GRQH IRU DOO WKH PDWHULDO SHUIRUPDQFH
UDWLQJV PHGLDQYDOXHRI B IRUDOOWKHFDQGLGDWHPDWHULDOV

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 130 scholar.waset.org/1999.2/10004377
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016

D. Affordability
7LWDQLXP$OOR\V
,Q D JLYHQ DSSOLFDWLRQ WKH FRVW RI SURFXULQJ DQG XVLQJ D
0DJQHVLXP$OOR\V
PDWHULDO LQFOXGHV WKHSXUFKDVHSULFH RI WKHPDWHULDO VKLSSLQJ
DQGUHODWHGFKDUJHVDQGWKHFRVWRISURFHVVLQJWKHPDWHULDOLQWR $OXPLQLXP$OOR\V
WKHILQLVKHGSURGXFW,QWKHPDWHULDOVVHOHFWLRQSURFHVVDWWKH
6WDLQOHVV6WHHOV
VWDJHRIUDQNLQJFDQGLGDWHPDWHULDOVE\XVHRILQGLFHVRIPHULW
RQO\ WKH SXUFKDVH SULFH RI WKH PDWHULDOV VKDOO EH FRQVLGHUHG &RSSHU$OOR\V

6KLSSLQJ DQG UHODWHG FKDUJHV DQG WKH FRVW RI SURFHVVLQJ WKH
&DVW,URQV
PDWHULDOLQWRWKHILQLVKHGSURGXFWFDQEHFRQVLGHUHGWREHSDUW
3ODLQ&DUERQDQG/RZ
RIWKHVXSSRUWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQWKDWZLOOEHXVHGWRDUULYHDWWKH $OOR\6WHHOV
ILQDOFKRLFHRIPDWHULDOWREHXVHG       

,I WKH SXUFKDVH SULFH LV GHQRWHG E\ Pp  WKH PDWHULDOV $YHUDJH6SHFLILF6WUHQJWK5DWLQJ 
VHOHFWLRQ SURFHVV VKRXOG DLP WR PD[LPL]H WKH IROORZLQJ )LJ&RPSDULVRQRIVSHFLILFVWUHQJWKUDWLQJVDPRQJWKHPDWHULDO
TXDQWLW\ZKLFKLVDPHDVXUHRIWKHPDWHULDOVDIIRUGDELOLW\ FDWHJRULHV
International Science Index, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004377

 
  ,Q )LJ  7LWDQLXP DOOR\V 0DJQHVLXP $OOR\V DQG
 B  
Pp $OXPLQLXP $OOR\V LQ WKDW RUGHU KDYH WKH KLJKHVW VSHFLILF
VWUHQJWK UDWLQJV 7KLV LV WR D ODUJH H[WHQW EHFDXVH WKHVH

PDWHULDOV KDYH WKH ORZHVW GHQVLWLHV DPRQJ WKH FDQGLGDWH
*LYHQ WKH YDOXHV RI B   IRU D QXPEHU RI PDWHULDOV WKH PDWHULDOV 0RUHRYHU 7LWDQLXP DOOR\V DOVR KDYH KLJK \LHOG
VWUHQJWKDQGWKLVLVZK\WKH\DUHWKHKLJKHVWUDWHGLQWHUPVRI
QRUPDOL]HG DIIRUGDELOLW\ UDWLQJ bi   IRU PDWHULDO i  ZLOO EH
VSHFLILF VWUHQJWK 6WDLQOHVV VWHHOV SHUIRUP PRGHUDWHO\ LQ
REWDLQHG E\ GLYLGLQJ WKH YDOXH RI B   IRU PDWHULDO i  E\ WKH VSHFLILF VWUHQJWK UDWLQJ EHFDXVH HYHQ WKRXJK WKH\ KDYH KLJK
GHQVLW\ WKH\ DOVRKDYHKLJK\LHOG VWUHQJWK 3ODLQ &DUERQDQG
PHGLDQYDOXHRI B  IRUDOOWKHFDQGLGDWHPDWHULDOV /RZ $OOR\ 6WHHOV DUH WKH ORZHVW UDWHG LQ WHUPV RI VSHFLILF
,QLQGXVWULDOSUDFWLFHRQHFDQFRQVWUXFWDQGXVHDPDWHULDOV VWUHQJWKEHFDXVHWKH\KDYHKLJKGHQVLW\DQGQRWVRKLJK\LHOG
DQG PDWHULDO SURSHUWLHV GDWDEDVH WKDW LV DV ODUJH DV WKH QHHG VWUHQJWK
GHPDQGV DQG DV WKH DYDLODEOH UHVRXUFHV ZLOO DOORZ +HUH WKH 
LQWHQWLRQ LV WR GHPRQVWUDWH D PHWKRG IRU WKH VHOHFWLRQ RI D &RSSHU$OOR\V
PDWHULDOLQWKHGHVLJQRIDPDQXDOZLQFKURSHGUXP%HFDXVH
HQJLQHHULQJ PDWHULDOV DUH WRR QXPHURXV WKH PHWKRG RI $OXPLQLXP$OOR\V

PDWHULDOVVHOHFWLRQVKDOOEHGHPRQVWUDWHGE\FRQVLGHULQJRQO\ &DVW,URQV
D VPDOO VXEVHW RI PHWDOOLF PDWHULDOV WKDW FDQ FRQFHLYDEO\ EH
3ODLQ&DUERQDQG/RZ
XVHG WR PDNH D PDQXDO ZLQFK URSH GUXP 7KHVH PDWHULDOV $OOR\6WHHOV
DORQJ ZLWK WKHLU SURSHUWLHV WKDW KDYH DEHDULQJRQ VHOHFWLQJ D
0DJQHVLXP$OOR\V
PDWHULDO IRU WKH URSH GUXP DUH SUHVHQWHG LQ 7DEOH ,, LQ WKH
DSSHQGL[ 7LWDQLXP$OOR\V

7KH PDWHULDOV DQG WKH GDWD LQ 7DEOH ,, ZHUH REWDLQHG IURP
6WDLQOHVV6WHHOV
$SSHQGL[ % DQG $SSHQGL[ & RI >@ 7KH GDWD ZHUH
FRXQWHUFKHFNHGZLWKWKRVHWKDWDUHSUHVHQWHGE\>@>@DQG         

RWKHURQOLQHUHVRXUFHV $YHUDJH%XFNOLQJ5HVLVWDQFH5DWLQJ

)LJ&RPSDULVRQRIEXFNOLQJUHVLVWDQFHUDWLQJVDPRQJWKHPDWHULDO
9,, 5(68/76$1'',6&866,21
FDWHJRULHV
1RQH RI WKH PDWHULDOV LQ 7DEOH ,, LQ WKH DSSHQGL[ KDG D 
\LHOGVWUHQJWKWKDWLVORZHUWKDQ03DDQGWKHUHIRUHQRQH ,Q)LJ&RSSHU$OOR\V$OXPLQLXP$OOR\VDQG&DVW,URQV
RI WKHP ZHUH HOLPLQDWHG E\ WKH *R RU 1RJR VFUHHQLQJ LQ WKDW RUGHU KDYH WKH KLJKHVW EXFNOLQJ UHVLVWDQFH UDWLQJV ,Q
SURFHVV JHQHUDO PDWHULDOV WKDW KDYH D KLJK PRGXOXV RI HODVWLFLW\
FRPELQHG ZLWK ORZ RU PRGHUDWH \LHOG VWUHQJWK ZRXOG KDYH D
A. Ranking of Candidate Materials and Material Categories
KLJK EXFNOLQJ UHVLVWDQFH UDWLQJ 3ODLQ &DUERQ DQG /RZ $OOR\
5DQNLQJ RI WKH FDQGLGDWH PDWHULDOV E\ XVH RI LQGLFHV RI 6WHHOV SHUIRUP PRGHUDWHO\ LQ WHUPV RI EXFNOLQJ UHVLVWDQFH
PHULW LV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH ,,, LQ WKH DSSHQGL[ 0RUHRYHU DQ 6WDLQOHVV6WHHOVDQG7LWDQLXP$OOR\VJHQHUDOO\KDYHKLJK\LHOG
DQDO\VLV DQG FRPSDULVRQ RI WKH YDULRXV PDWHULDO FDWHJRULHV VWUHQJWKDQGFRQVHTXHQWO\WKH\DUHWKHORZHVWUDWHGLQWHUPV
EDVHG RQ SHUIRUPDQFH UDWLQJV LV JLYHQ LQ 7DEOH ,9 LQ WKH RIEXFNOLQJUHVLVWDQFH
DSSHQGL[7KHGDWDLQ7DEOH,9ZHUHXVHGWRSORWWKHFKDUWVLQ 
)LJV


International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 131 scholar.waset.org/1999.2/10004377
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016

3ODLQ&DUERQDQG/RZ
7LWDQLXP$OOR\V
$OOR\6WHHOV

&DVW,URQV &DVW,URQV

6WDLQOHVV6WHHOV $OXPLQLXP$OOR\V

3ODLQ&DUERQDQG/RZ &RSSHU$OOR\V
$OOR\6WHHOV

&RSSHU$OOR\V 7LWDQLXP$OOR\V

0DJQHVLXP$OOR\V
$OXPLQLXP$OOR\V

6WDLQOHVV6WHHOV
0DJQHVLXP$OOR\V

           
        
$YHUDJH3HUIRUPDQFH5DWLQJ
$YHUDJH:HDU5HVLVWDQFH5DWLQJ
 
)LJ&RPSDULVRQRIZHDUUHVLVWDQFHUDWLQJVDPRQJWKHPDWHULDO )LJ&RPSDULVRQRILQGLFHVRIPHULWDPRQJWKHPDWHULDOFDWHJRULHV
International Science Index, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004377

FDWHJRULHV 
 ,Q )LJ  3ODLQ &DUERQ DQG /RZ $OOR\ 6WHHOV KDYH WKH
,Q)LJ7LWDQLXP$OOR\VDQG&DVW,URQVKDYHWKHKLJKHVW KLJKHVW LQGH[ RI PHULW DPRQJ WKH FDQGLGDWH FDWHJRULHV RI
ZHDU UHVLVWDQFH UDWLQJV :HDU UHVLVWDQFH LV VROHO\ GHWHUPLQHG PDWHULDOV IROORZHG E\ &DVW ,URQV 5XGHQNR >@ VWDWHG WKDW
E\WKHPDWHULDOVKDUGQHVVDQGWKHUHIRUHWKHPDWHULDOVZLWKWKH GUXPVIRUXVHZLWKVWHHOZLUHURSHDUHPDGHRIFDVWLURQVWHHO
KLJKHVW KDUGQHVV QXPEHUV KDYH WKH KLJKHVW ZHDU UHVLVWDQFH FDVWLQJV RU VWHHO ZHOGPHQWV $FFRUGLQJ WR >@ WKHLU 7RRO
UDWLQJV 2QFH DJDLQ 3ODLQ &DUERQ DQG /RZ $OOR\ 6WHHOV 6WHHO 3URFHVV 763  URSH GUXPV DUH PDQXIDFWXUHG IURP ORZ
SHUIRUP PRGHUDWHO\ LQ WHUPV RI ZHDU UHVLVWDQFH 0DJQHVLXP FDUERQ VWHHO ZKLFK LV FDUEXUL]HG DQG KDUGHQHG WR SURGXFH D
DQG$OXPLQLXP$OOR\VKDYHWKHORZHVWZHDUUHVLVWDQFHUDWLQJV ORQJHUODVWLQJURSHGUXP
EHFDXVHWKH\KDYHJHQHUDOO\ORZKDUGQHVVQXPEHUV (YHQWKRXJKRQO\DVPDOOVDPSOHRIPHWDOOLFPDWHULDOVZDV
:HDU UHVLVWDQFH LV SDUWLFXODUO\ LPSRUWDQW LQ WKH GHVLJQ RI XVHG WR GHPRQVWUDWH WKH PDWHULDOV VHOHFWLRQ SURFHVV WKH
ZLUH URSH GUXPV EHFDXVH DV VWDWHG HDUOLHU WKH QXPEHU RQH ILQGLQJVDUHLQDJUHHPHQWZLWKFXUUHQWLQGXVWU\SUDFWLFH,QDQ
UHDVRQIRUUHSODFLQJDURSHGUXPLVZHDURIWKHJURRYHV>@ HQGHDYRXU WR UHDFK D ILQDO FKRLFH RI PDWHULDO IRU WKH
+RZHYHU EHIRUH VXPPDULO\ GLVPLVVLQJ PDWHULDOV RI ORZ PDQXIDFWXUH RI WKH URSHGUXP IRFXV FDQ EH GLUHFWHG DW3ODLQ
KDUGQHVVIRUWKHLUORZZHDUUHVLVWDQFHWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIFDVH &DUERQDQG/RZ$OOR\6WHHOVDVZHOODV&DVW,URQVDQGWKHQ
KDUGHQLQJ LQ VRPH PDWHULDOV LQ RUGHU WR UHDOL]H WKH UHTXLUHG DYDLODEOH VXSSRUWLQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ FDQ EH XVHG WR UHDFK D ILQDO
VXUIDFHKDUGQHVVVKRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHG GHFLVLRQ
 B. Supporting Information
3ODLQ&DUERQDQG/RZ
$OOR\6WHHOV ,QXVLQJVXSSRUWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQWRDUULYHDWDILQDOFKRLFHRI
PDWHULDOWKHUHVXOWGHSHQGVWRDODUJHH[WHQWRQWKHSUHYDLOLQJ
&DVW,URQV
FLUFXPVWDQFHV LQ D JLYHQ ORFDOLW\ 7KHUHIRUH RQO\ WKDW
0DJQHVLXP$OOR\V LQIRUPDWLRQ ZKLFK LV JHQHUDOO\ DSSOLFDEOH VKDOO EH LQYRNHG
KHUH
$OXPLQLXP$OOR\V
7KHWRSILYHUDQNHGPDWHULDOVLQ7DEOH,,,DUHUHSURGXFHGLQ
6WDLQOHVV6WHHOV 7DEOH,7KRXJKWKHWRSUDQNHGPDWHULDOLQWKLVWDEOHLVDJUD\
FDVWLURQWKUHHRIWKHUHPDLQLQJPDWHULDOVDUHSODLQFDUERQDQG
&RSSHU$OOR\V
ORZDOOR\VWHHOV7KHRQO\RWKHUPDWHULDODPRQJWKHWRSILYHLV
7LWDQLXP$OOR\V D FRSSHU DOOR\ %RWK WKH FRSSHU DOOR\ DQG WKH JUD\ FDVW LURQ
             
KDYH EXFNOLQJ UHVLVWDQFH UDWLQJV WKDW DUH VXEVWDQWLDOO\ KLJKHU
$YHUDJH$IIRUGDELOLW\5DWLQJ
WKDQWKRVHRIWKHSODLQFDUERQDQGORZDOOR\VWHHOV7KLVFDQEH
 H[SODLQHG E\ WKH KLJKHU \LHOG VWUHQJWK RI WKH VWHHOV DV
)LJ&RPSDULVRQRIDIIRUGDELOLW\UDWLQJVDPRQJWKHPDWHULDO FRPSDUHGWRERWKWKHJUD\FDVWLURQDQGWKHFRSSHUDOOR\
FDWHJRULHV 'XULQJ RSHUDWLRQ WKH URSH GUXP DFWXDOO\ VXVWDLQV
 FRPSUHVVLYHKRRSVWUHVVHVDPRQJVWRWKHUORDGLQJ7KHUHIRUH
,Q )LJ  3ODLQ &DUERQ DQG /RZ $OOR\ 6WHHOV KDYH WKH LQWKHGHVLJQRIWKHURSHGUXPLWLVWKHFRPSUHVVLYHVWUHQJWK
KLJKHVW DIIRUGDELOLW\ UDWLQJ ZKLOH 7LWDQLXP $OOR\V KDYH WKH RI WKH PDWHULDO WKDW VKRXOG EH RI JUHDWHU FRQFHUQ UDWKHU WKDQ
ORZHVWUDWLQJ,QFDOFXODWLQJWKHDIIRUGDELOLW\UDWLQJVRQO\WKH WKH WHQVLOH VWUHQJWK +RZHYHU LQ FDOFXODWLQJ WKH EXFNOLQJ
UHODWLYH FRVW RI WKH PDWHULDOV ZDV XVHG ,Q SUDFWLFH WKH UHVLVWDQFHUDWLQJVLWLVWKHWHQVLOH\LHOGVWUHQJWKWKDWZDVXVHG
DYDLODELOLW\ RI WKH PDWHULDO DQG WKH FRVW RI SURFHVVLQJ WKH 7KLV LV DOULJKW IRU PRVW PHWDOOLF PDWHULDOV ZKRVH WHQVLOH DQG
PDWHULDO LQWR WKH ILQLVKHG SURGXFW QHHG WR EH WDNHQ LQWR FRPSUHVVLYH VWUHQJWKVKDSSHQ WREH DERXWHTXDO \HW IRUJUD\
DFFRXQWEXWWKHVHFDQEHFRQVLGHUHGDVVXSSRUWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQ FDVW LURQV WKH FRPSUHVVLYH VWUHQJWK LV JHQHUDOO\ DERXW WKUHH
ZKHQPDNLQJWKHILQDOFKRLFHRIPDWHULDO WLPHV WKH YDOXH RI WKH WHQVLOH VWUHQJWK DVFDQEH VHHQ LQ )LJ

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 132 scholar.waset.org/1999.2/10004377
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016

 LQ WKH $SSHQGL[ ZKLFK ZDV SORWWHG XVLQJ GDWD REWDLQHG KDYHDKLJKHU,QGH[RI0HULWWKDQWKHFRSSHUDOOR\DQGWKHODVW
IURP $60 >@ ,I IRU JUD\ FDVW LURQ WKH FRPSUHVVLYH VWHHOLQWKHWDEOHKDVRQO\DVOLJKWO\ORZHU,QGH[RI0HULWWKDQ
VWUHQJWKLVXVHGWRFDOFXODWHWKHEXFNOLQJUHVLVWDQFHUDWLQJVDV WKH FRSSHU DOOR\7KH FRSSHU DOOR\ DOVRKDVE\ IDU WKH ORZHVW
VKRXOGEH WKHFDVH WKH,QGH[RI 0HULW IRU)*UD\&DVW DIIRUGDELOLW\ UDWLQJ LQ 7DEOH , DQG DIIRUGDELOLW\ LV DOZD\V DQ
,URQZLOOEHDERXW 1RUPDOL]HG,QGH[RI0HULWZLOOEHDERXW LPSRUWDQWIDFWRULQSURGXFWGHVLJQ
  ZKLFK LV PXFK ORZHU WKDQ WKDW RI WKH VWHHOV LQ 7DEOH , ,Q DGGLWLRQ WR WKH DERYH FRQVLGHUDWLRQV SODLQ FDUERQ DQG
0RUHRYHUFDVWLQJDVDSURGXFWLRQSURFHVVLVVXLWDEOHIRUPDVV ORZ DOOR\ VWHHOV DUH JHQHUDOO\ UHDGLO\ DYDLODEOH WKH\ FDQ EH
SURGXFHGFRPSRQHQWVZKLFKWKHURSHGUXPLVQRW7KHUHIRUH HDVLO\IDEULFDWHGDQGWKH\FDQSRVVLEO\EHFDUEXUL]HGWRREWDLQ
LQ WKH PDQXIDFWXUH RI URSH GUXPV 3ODLQ &DUERQ DQG /RZ WKHGHVLUHGKLJKVXUIDFHKDUGQHVVRIWKHURSHGUXP7KHUHIRUH
$OOR\6WHHOVDUHWREHSUHIHUUHGWRJUD\FDVWLURQ DSODLQFDUERQRUORZDOOR\VWHHOWKDWFDQEHFDUEXUL]HGVKRXOG
$VIRU WKH FRSSHU DOOR\ & LWVSHUIRUPDQFH DV DURSH EH SUHIHUUHG IRU WKH PDQXIDFWXUH RI WKH PDQXDO ZLQFK URSH
GUXP PDWHULDO LVLQIHULRUWRWKHVWHHOVLQHYHU\UHVSHFWH[FHSW GUXP
EXFNOLQJ UHVLVWDQFH 0RUHRYHU WZR RI WKH VWHHOV LQ 7DEOH ,

7$%/(,
International Science Index, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004377

7+(723),9(5$1.('&$1','$7(0$7(5,$/6
6SHFLILF %XFNOLQJ :HDU 1RUPDOL]HG
$IIRUGDELOLW\ ,QGH[RI
5DQN 0DWHULDO 8161XPEHU 6WUHQJWK 5HVLVWDQFH 5HVLVWDQFH ,QGH[RI
5DWLQJ 0HULW
5DWLQJ 5DWLQJ 5DWLQJ 0HULW
 *UD\,URQ*UDGH* )      
 6WHHO$OOR\ *      
 6WHHO$OOR\ *      
 &RSSHU1LFNHO &      
 6WHHO$OOR\$ .      

9,,,&21&/86,21 $33(1',;
(TXDWLRQVWREHXVHGLQWKHPHFKDQLFDOGHVLJQRIDPDQXDO 

ZLQFK URSH GUXP ZHUH XVHG WR REWDLQ IRXU PDWHULDO y  x 

SHUIRUPDQFH UDWLQJV WKDW VKRXOG EH FRQVLGHUHG LQ VHOHFWLQJ D R  
&RPSUHVVLYH6WUHQJWK 03D

PDWHULDO IRU D PDQXDO ZLQFK URSH GUXP 7KHVH UDWLQJV ZHUH



WKHQXVHGWRFDOFXODWHLQGLFHVRIPHULWIRUDVDPSOHRIWKLUW\
WZR PHWDOOLF PDWHULDOV 7KH FDQGLGDWH PDWHULDOV ZHUH WKHQ

UDQNHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHLULQGLFHVRIPHULWDQGLWZDVIRXQGWKDW
DSODLQFDUERQRUORZDOOR\VWHHOWKDWFDQEHFDUEXUL]HGVKRXOG

EH SUHIHUUHG IRU WKH PDQXIDFWXUH RI WKH PDQXDO ZLQFK URSH
GUXP

$OWKRXJK RQO\ D VPDOO VDPSOH RI PHWDOOLF PDWHULDOV ZDV       

XVHG IRU FDQGLGDWH PDWHULDOV WKH UHVXOWV RI WKH PDWHULDO 7HQVLOH6WUHQJWK 03D

VHOHFWLRQ SURFHVV DUH LQ DJUHHPHQW ZLWK FXUUHQW LQGXVWU\
SUDFWLFH+RZHYHUWKHUHVXOWVZRXOGLQVSLUHPRUHFRQILGHQFH )LJ&RPSUHVVLYHVWUHQJWKYHUVXVWHQVLOHVWUHQJWKIRUVRPHJUD\
FDVWLURQV
LIDODUJHUDQGPRUHYDULHGVDPSOHRIFDQGLGDWHPDWHULDOVZHUH

XVHG LQ WKH VHOHFWLRQ SURFHVV SURYLGHG WKDW WKH UHOHYDQW
PDWHULDOV SURSHUWLHV GDWD DUH DYDLODEOH ,W LV SDUWLFXODUO\
FKDOOHQJLQJWRREWDLQUHOLDEOHPDWHULDOVFRVWGDWDIRUXVHLQWKH
VHOHFWLRQSURFHVV
7KHPDWHULDOVVHOHFWLRQSURFHVVWKDWKDVEHHQGHYHORSHGDQG
GHPRQVWUDWHG KHUH FDQ SRVVLEO\ EH DGDSWHG DQG XVHG LQ WKH
VHOHFWLRQRIPDWHULDOVIRUWKHPDQXIDFWXUHRIRWKHUPHFKDQLFDO
FRPSRQHQWV

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 133 scholar.waset.org/1999.2/10004377
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016

7$%/(,,
&$1','$7(0$7(5,$/6)25523('5800$18)$&785(
(ODVWLF <LHOG %ULQHOO
0DWHULDO 816 'HQVLW\ 5HODWLYH
0DWHULDO )RUP 0RGXOXV 6WUHQJWK +DUGQHVV
&DWHJRU\ 1XPEHU NJP  &RVW
*3D  03D  1XPEHU
$OOR\$ . 3ODWH     
$OOR\ * +RWUROOHGSODWH     
3ODLQ&DUERQ
DQG/RZ $OOR\ * +RWUROOHGSODWH     
$OOR\6WHHOV
$OOR\ * $QQHDOHGSODWH     
$OOR\ * $QQHDOHGSODWH     
$OOR\ 6 +RWILQLVKHGDQGDQQHDOHGSODWH     
$OOR\ 6 +RWILQLVKHGDQGDQQHDOHGSODWH     
6WDLQOHVV
$OOR\ 6 $QQHDOHGSODWH     
6WHHOV
$OOR\$ 6 $QQHDOHGSODWH     
International Science Index, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004377

$OOR\3+ 6 &ROGUROOHGSODWH     


*UD\,URQ* ) $VFDVW     
*UD\,URQ* ) $VFDVW     
*UD\,URQ* ) $VFDVW     
&DVW,URQV
'XFWLOH,URQ ) $QQHDOHG     
'XFWLOH,URQ ) $VFDVW     
'XFWLOH,URQ ) 2LOTXHQFKHGDQGWHPSHUHG     
$OXPLQLXP$OOR\ $ +3ODWH     
$OXPLQLXP$OOR\ $ 73ODWH     
$OXPLQLXP
$OXPLQLXP$OOR\ $ 73ODWH     
$OOR\V
$OXPLQLXP$OOR\ $ 73ODWH     
$OXPLQLXP$OOR\ $ 6DQGFDVW     
(73&RSSHU & +&ROGZRUNHG     
%HU\OOLXP&RSSHU & 7+3ODWH     
&RSSHU &DUWULGJH%UDVV & +3ODWH     
$OOR\V )UHHFXWWLQJ%UDVV & ++ROORZEDU     
&RSSHU1LFNHO & 03ODWH     
%HDULQJ%URQ]H & 6DQGFDVW     
0DJQHVLXP $OOR\$=% 0 5ROOHGSODWH     
$OOR\V $OOR\$=' 0 $VFDVW     
$670*UDGH 5 $QQHDOHGSODWH     
7LWDQLXP
$OOR\7L$O6Q 5 $QQHDOHGSODWH     
$OOR\V
$OOR\7L$O9 5 $QQHDOHGSODWH     























International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 134 scholar.waset.org/1999.2/10004377
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016

7$%/(,,,
5$1.,1*2)&$1','$7(0$7(5,$/6%<86(2),1',&(62)0(5,7
6SHFLILF %XFNOLQJ :HDU
816 $IIRUGDELOLW\ ,QGH[RI 1RUPDOL]HG
5DQN 0DWHULDO 6WUHQJWK 5HVLVWDQFH 5HVLVWDQFH
1XPEHU 5DWLQJ 0HULW ,QGH[RI0HULW
5DWLQJ 5DWLQJ 5DWLQJ
 *UD\,URQ*UDGH* )      
 6WHHO$OOR\ *      
 6WHHO$OOR\ *      
 &RSSHU1LFNHO &      
 6WHHO$OOR\$ .      
 $OXPLQLXP$OOR\ $      
 %HDULQJ%URQ]H &      
 $OXPLQLXP$OOR\ $      
 *UD\,URQ*UDGH* )      
 'XFWLOH,URQ*UDGH )      
 *UD\,URQ*UDGH* )      
International Science Index, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004377

 6WDLQOHVV$OOR\3+ 6      


 0DJQHVLXP$OOR\$=' 0      
 6WHHO$OOR\ *      
 'XFWLOH,URQ*UDGH )      
 7LWDQLXP$OOR\7L$O9 5      
 6WHHO$OOR\ *      
 'XFWLOH,URQ*UDGH )      
 7LWDQLXP$OOR\7L$O6Q 5      
 %HU\OOLXP&RSSHU &      
 $670*UDGH7LWDQLXP 5      
 $OXPLQLXP$OOR\ $      
 $OXPLQLXP$OOR\ $      
 6WDLQOHVV$OOR\ 6      
 0DJQHVLXP$OOR\$=% 0      
 6WDLQOHVV$OOR\ 6      
 6WDLQOHVV$OOR\$ 6      
 $OXPLQLXP$OOR\ $      
 6WDLQOHVV$OOR\ 6      
 )UHH&XWWLQJ%UDVV &      
 &DUWULGJH%UDVV &      
 (OHFWURO\WLF7RXJK3LWFK&RSSHU &      

7$%/(,9
&203$5,6212)0$7(5,$/&$7(*25,(6%<86(2)3(5)250$1&(5$7,1*6$1',1',&(62)0(5,7
$YHUDJH6SHFLILF $YHUDJH%XFNOLQJ $YHUDJH:HDU $YHUDJH $YHUDJH,QGH[RI
0DWHULDO&DWHJRU\
6WUHQJWK5DWLQJ 5HVLVWDQFH5DWLQJ 5HVLVWDQFH5DWLQJ $IIRUGDELOLW\5DWLQJ 0HULW
3ODLQ&DUERQDQG/RZ$OOR\6WHHOV     
6WDLQOHVV6WHHOV     
&DVW,URQV     
$OXPLQLXP$OOR\V     
&RSSHU$OOR\V     
0DJQHVLXP$OOR\V     
7LWDQLXP$OOR\V     

5()(5(1&(6 >@ 'LPDURJRQDV $QGUHZ ' Computer aided machine design  3UHQWLFH
+DOO,QWHUQDWLRQDO
>@ -DKDQ $OL DQG .HYLQ / (GZDUGV Multi-criteria decision analysis for >@ %XG\QDV * 5 DQG - . 1LVEHWW Shigleys mechanical engineering
supporting the selection of engineering materials in product design design, ninth edition in SI units0F*UDZ+LOO,QWHUQDWLRQDO
(OVHYLHU >@ 2RQLVKL. Modern machine design practice 1 design of the manual
>@ $WKDZDOH90DQG6&KDNUDERUW\0DWHULDOVHOHFWLRQXVLQJPXOWLSOH winch and the electric overhead traveling (EOT) crane (in Japanese)
FULWHULD GHFLVLRQ PDNLQJ PHWKRGV $ &RPSDUDWLYH 6WXG\ Proceedings 2KP6KD7RN\R
of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L, Journal of Materials: >@ $VKE\ 0 ) Materials selection in mechanical design, third edition
Design and Applications  SS (OVHYLHU%XWWHUZRUWK+HLQHPDQQ
>@ $VKE\ 0 ) < - 0 %UHFKHW ' &HERQ DQG / 6DOYR 6HOHFWLRQ >@ 7LPRVKHQNR6WHSKHQ3 Strength of materials part 2: advanced theory
VWUDWHJLHVIRUPDWHULDOVDQGSURFHVVHVMaterials and DesignSS and problems, third edition  &%6 3XEOLVKHUV DQG 'LVWULEXWRUV 1HZ
 'HOKL,QGLD
>@ 2GXRUL0)DQG720EX\D:LUHURSHVHOHFWLRQIRUPDQXDOZLQFK >@ ;WHN5RSHGUXPVKWWSZZZ[WHNFRPURSHGUXPVKWP DFFHVVHGLQ
DSSOLFDWLRQ Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 9ROXPH $XJXVW 
1XPEHU

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 135 scholar.waset.org/1999.2/10004377
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016

>@ &HERQ ' DQG 0 ) $VKE\ 7KH RSWLPDO VHOHFWLRQ RI HQJLQHHULQJ
HQWLWLHV  Technical Report CUED/C-EDC/TR  1RYHPEHU 
,661   &DPEULGJH 8QLYHUVLW\ (QJLQHHULQJ 'HSDUWPHQW
KWWSZZZPHFKHQJFDPDFXNFPVSXEOSDSHUVJHQSGI DFFHVVHG LQ
-DQXDU\ 
>@ 5XGHQNR1 Material handling equipment, first indian edition(QYHH
3XEOLVKHUV1HZ'HOKL
>@ %XWW\ -XOLXV 'UXP KRLVWV UXOHV RI WKXPE Hard Rock Miners
Handbook  0F,QWRVK (QJLQHHULQJ 1RUWK %D\ 2QWDULR &DQDGD
ZZZPQHHQJSVXDFWKSGI+50+SGI DFFHVVHGLQ-DQXDU\ 
>@ 'HW 1RUVNH 9HULWDV $6 Standard for certification No. 2.22: lifting
appliances KWWSH[FKDQJHGQYFRPSXEOLVKLQJVWGFHUW6WDQGDUG
SGI DFFHVVHGLQ-DQXDU\ 
>@ /LP%XDQ7HFN'DQQ\Improvement in the design of winches5HSRUW
6XEPLWWHGLQ3DUWLDO)XOILOOPHQWRIWKH5HTXLUHPHQWVIRUWKH$ZDUGRI
WKH'HJUHHRI%DFKHORURI(QJLQHHULQJRIWKH1DWLRQDO8QLYHUVLW\RI
6LQJDSRUH
KWWSG\QDPLFVODEPSHQXVHGXVJG\QDPLFVSURMHFWWKHVLV,P
SURYHPHQWRIGHVLJQRIZLQFKHVSGI DFFHVVHGLQ-DQXDU\
International Science Index, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:1, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004377

 
>@ 6DDW\7/+RZWRPDNHDGHFLVLRQWKHDQDO\WLFKLHUDUFK\SURFHVV
European Journal of Operational Research   
KWWSZZZLGDOLXVHa7'''OLWHUDWXUHVDDW\SGI DFFHVVHG LQ
'HFHPEHU 
>@ 7DKD+$ Operations researchan introduction 8 edition3UHQWLFH
th

+DOORI,QGLD
>@ 2GXRUL 0 ) $SSOLFDWLRQ RI GHFLVLRQ WKHRU\ DQG LQIRUPDWLRQ
SURFHVVLQJLQWKHVHOHFWLRQRIHQJLQHHULQJHQWLWLHVLQProceedings of the
Twentieth International Conference on Materials Handling,
Construction and Logistics, KHOG DW WKH )DFXOW\ RI 0HFKDQLFDO
(QJLQHHULQJ 7KH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI %HOJUDGH %HOJUDGH 6HUELD UG  WK
2FWREHU
>@ .KXUPL56DQG-.*XSWD A textbook of machine design(XUDVLD
3XEOLVKLQJ+RXVH 397 /WG1HZ'HOKL
>@ &DOOLVWHU : ' DQG ' * 5HWKZLVFK Fundamentals of materials
science and engineering: an integrated approach, third edition  -RKQ
:LOH\DQG6RQV,QFRUSRUDWHG
>@ 6PLWK : ) DQG - +DVKHPL Foundations of materials science and
engineering, fifth edition: materials properties database0F*UDZ+LOO
+LJKHU (GXFDWLRQ  KWWSKLJKHUHGPFJUDZ
KLOOFRPVLWHVVWXGHQWBYLHZSURSHUWLHVBGDWDEDVHKWPO
DFFHVVHGLQ'HFHPEHU 
>@ ZZZPDWZHEFRP
>@ ZZZD]RPFRP
>@ ;WHN 5RSH GUXP EURFKXUH KWWSZZZ[WHNFRPSGIURSHGUXP
EURFKXUHSGI DFFHVVHGLQ'HFHPEHU 
>@ $60 ASM handbook, volume 1: properties and selection: iron, steels
and high-performance alloys, pages 12 to 32: gray iron  $60
,QWHUQDWLRQDO



International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(1) 2016 136 scholar.waset.org/1999.2/10004377

You might also like