Lesson 2 : Organizational

Influences and Project Life

Cycle

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 Agenda

1 Organizational Influences

2 Organizations Process Asset & Enterprise

Environment Factors

3 Project Stakeholders, Governance and Project

Team

4 Project Life Cycle

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 Organizational Influences

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 Culture and Style

"Organizational culture is shaped by the common experiences of

members,.. Common experiences include, but are not
limited to:
Shared visions, mission, values, beliefs, and expectations;
Regulations, policies, methods, and procedures;
Motivation and reward systems;
Risk tolerance;
View of leadership, hierarchy, and authority relationships;
Code of conduct, work ethic, and work hours; and
Operating environments."

*Project Management Institute, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, (PMBOK Guide) Fifth Edition, Project Management Institute, Inc.,
2013, Page 20.

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 Communication

The way people communicate

What is formal here?
When to go formal
How easy or difficult to give feedback
How much you can ask or follow

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 Organizational Structure

Definition : "... Institutional arrangements and

mechanisms for mobilizing human, physical, financial and
information resources at all levels of the system...
Utility
Division of work into activities
Linkage between different functions
Hierarchy
Authority structure
Authority relationships
Coordination with the environment

*Sachdeva, P.S. 1990. Analytical framework for the organization and structure of NARS. In: Organization and Structure of NARS: Selected Papers.
The Hague: ISNAR .

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 Organizational Structure

Functional Organization
Matrix Organization
Weak Matrix
Balance Matrix
Strong Matrix
Projectized Organization
Composite Organization

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 Functional

Chief Executive

Functional Manager Functional Manager Functional Manager Functional Manager

Staff Staff Staff Staff

Staff Staff Staff Staff

Staff Staff Staff Staff

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 Weak Matrix

Chief Executive

Functional Manager Functional Manager Functional Manager Functional Manager

Staff Staff Staff Staff

Staff Staff Staff Staff

Staff Staff Staff Staff

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 Balance Matrix

Chief Executive

Functional Manager Functional Manager Functional Manager Functional Manager

Staff Staff Staff Staff

Staff Staff Staff Staff

Project Manager Staff Staff Staff

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 Strong Matrix

Chief Executive

Manager of PMs Functional Manager Functional Manager Functional Manager

Staff Staff Staff Staff

Staff Staff Staff Staff

Project Manager Staff Staff Staff

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 Projectized

Chief Executive

Project Manager Project Manager Project Manager Project Manager

Staff Staff Staff Staff

Staff Staff Staff Staff

Staff Staff Staff Staff

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 Influence of Organization Structure on Projects

Project Management Institute, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, (PMBOK Guide) Fifth Edition, Project Management
Institute, Inc., 2013, Table 2-1, Page 22.

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 Composite Organization

Involves all these structures at various levels

Functional Organization may create a special project
team

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 Organization Process Assets

Plan
Process
Policies
Procedures
Knowledge Base
Specific to the organization
Process and Procedures
Corporate Knowledge Base

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 Process and Procedure

Initiating & Planning

Guideline and criteria for tailoring
Organization Standards and Policies
Product and Project Lifecycle
Templates
Executing , Monitoring and Controlling
Change Control
Financial Control
Issues and defects Procedures
Communication Requirement
Risk Control Procedure
Guidelines , Work Instructions and Performance
Evaluations

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 Process and Procedure

Closing
Project Closure Requirements
Guidelines for recording Lesson Learned
Validations and Acceptance Procedure

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 Corporate Knowledge Base

Configuration Management Knowledge base , current

baselines
Financial Database , labor rates
Historical Information and Lesson Learned
Process Measurement Database
Project files

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 Enterprise Environmental Factors

Conditions not in Control of Project

team but influence project work

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 Enterprise Environmental Factors

External
Environment

Organization
Environment

Project

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 External Environment

External Environment
Market Conditions , demand , resource availability ,
financial indicators
Political Climate
Government and Industry standards
Commercial database
Geo Political
Organization Environment
System / Work Authorization System
Project Management Information System
Style
Structure
Skills / People
Geographic Distribution
Risk Tolerance

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 Project Stakeholders and Teams

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 Stakeholders

*Stakeholder. An individual, group, or organization who may affect, be affected by, or

perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project.

Definitions taken from the Glossary of the Project Management Institute, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, (PMBOK Guide) Fifth
Edition, Project Management Institute, Inc., 2013.

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 Stakeholders and Project

Project Management Institute, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, (PMBOK Guide) Fifth Edition, Project
Management Institute, Inc., 2013, Figure 2-7, Page 31.

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 Project Team

Project Management Staff

Project Staff
Supporting experts
User or Customer
Representatives
Member from Sellers
Members from Partners

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 Project Governance

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 Project Governance

An oversight function which is aligned with the

Organization's governance model
The PMO may play a decisive role in it

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 Project Governance

Project Success and Deliverable acceptance criteria

A process to identify, escalate and resolve issues
Project Organization structure and relationship among
organization groups and external stakeholders
Project Decision Making
Project Life Cycle Approach
Process of review and management of changes
Process to align internal stakeholders with the project
process requirement

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 Project Life Cycle

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 Project Life Cycle

*The series of phases that a project

passes through from its initiation to its
closure.

Definitions taken from the Glossary of the Project Management Institute, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, (PMBOK
Guide) Fifth Edition, Project Management Institute, Inc., 2013.

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 Project Management Institute, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, (PMBOK Guide) Fifth Edition, Project
Management Institute, Inc., 2013, Figure 2-8, Page 39.

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 Project Management Institute, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, (PMBOK Guide) Fifth Edition, Project
Management Institute, Inc., 2013, Figure 2-9, Page 40.

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 Life Cycles

Project Life Cycle Product Life Cycle

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 Project Life Cycle

Collection of Project Phases

Project Phases are determined by
Management and Control need of the organization
Nature of the Project
Unique aspects of Organization, industry and
technology
Life cycle provides the basic framework for managing the
project

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 Project Phase

*A collection of logically related project activities that

culminates in the completion of one or more deliverables
The work has a distinct focus
Closure of phase results in some form of phase
deliverable

* Definition taken from the Glossary of the Project Management Institute, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, (PMBOK
Guide) Fifth Edition, Project Management Institute, Inc., 2013.

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 Phase to Phase Relationship

A sequential relationship
An Overlapping Relationship
Parallel

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 Characteristics of Project Life Cycle

Starting the project

Organizing and Preparing
Carrying out the project work
Closing the project

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 Types of Life Cycles

Predictive Life Cycle

Iterative Life Cycle
Adaptive Life Cycle

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39
Adaptive Iterative Predictive

Plan Iteration Plan

Iteration Analysis
Iteration
Plan
Design

Test
Code
Iteration

1 -4 Week

Design
Analysis
Code
Iteration
Deploy

1 to 3 Months
Iteration Test
Iteration
Deploy
Iteration
Plan
Analysis

Iteration
Analysis
Iteration
Iteration Design

Iteration Code
Iteration
Test
1 to 3 Months
Design

Iteration
Iteration Deploy

Iteration Plan
Iteration Analysis
3 to 24 Months

Iteration
Design
Iteration
Code

Iteration Code
Iteration

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Test
1 to 3 Months

Iteration
Deploy
Iteration
Iteration Plan
Test
Software Development Life Cycle

Iteration Analysis
Iteration Design
Iteration
Iteration Code

Test
1 to 3 Months

Iteration
Deploy

Iteration Deploy
 Product vs. Project Lifecycle

Project Product
Development of New Product The Typical Product Life cycle
has been usually project of its starts with the conception till
own obsolete.

Project life cycle may occur in A product may spawn many

one or many phases of projects during its life cycle
production

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 Project and Product lifecycle Relationships

Upgrade
Product Lifecycle

Business
Plan

Divestment
Operations
Idea

Product
Project Lifecycle Initial Intermediate Final

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 Questions?

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 Thank You for Joining Us!

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