SPE

SPE 20924
Effective Well Test Interpretation and Early Reservoir
Simulation Help To Optimize Rotliegend Gas
Reservoir Development
by H.H. Andreae and G. Schalow, RWE DEA A.G fur Mineralol
& Chemie
C<ipyright 1990, Society of _um ~ Inc.

This paper was prepanKI to e - 81 E _ 90, Tho Hague, _ands, 22-24 Odobor 1990.
This paper was sMd8d fer _ _ by an SeE PI<J!1amme COnImilIo81c1-..g _ Of _ con1lIinod in an absIr3ct submil18d by ""' 8JJlhOr(s~ Can.... Of ""' _
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any position of ""' Society of -'m~, i t s _ or members. " - " ~ 81 SPE ..-bogs lIB subject to publicalion . - by E<liIoriaI cam_of,,",
Society of -'m EngineIlrs. _ to copy is _ Ie an abstnll;t of ... rnonJ Ihon 300 words. III.lstr8lions may ... be copied. Tho abstnll;t sholid contoin conspicuous
ackrowtodgemonl of whoRl and by whom ""' paper is pnllIeIlted. _ Publications Manager, SPE, P.O. EIa< B33836, Richardson, 1)( 7=-3836. r_730989 SPEDAL.

Abstract
The sandstones of the Rotliegend formation The paper describes how pressure transient
are found throughout northwestern Germany as test interpretation in combination with
thick Permian deposits underlying permian logging and geologic analysis can help to
evaporites. They are a large potential for improve knowledge about the outer boundaries
Germany's present and future gas production. of a new reservoir, especially when limited
The reservoirs are located at depths of 4,500 seismic information is available due to thick
to 5,000 m. Average reservoir thickness is overlying salt domes. While pressure test
between 10 and 150 m. Average porosities analyses using interactive type-curve
range between 10-and 18% and permeabilities matching helped to identify the wells' future
between a few microdarcies and production capacities and the dynamic
1000 millidarcies. reservoir parameters, RFT tests and pressure
profiles aided in determining the GWC/GDT and
The paper deals with reservoir evaluation in the stratification of the Wustrow reservoir.
the Westerholz field, where three wells have
produced gas from the Wustrow sandstone of Through interference tests after production
the Rotliegendes for three years. It startup, the results of the RFT pressure
discusses the combined use of pressure profiles were verified, leading to the
transient interpretation, RFT pressure quantification of permeable streaks.
profiles, and production/interference test
analysis. On the basis of available information,
including two years of production history, a
1. Introduction two-dimensional, coarse-grid simulation model
of the entire reservoir area was designed. By
The Westerholz gas field is located in matching the production behavior it was
northern Germany about 60 km southwest of 'possible to verify the outer reservoir
Hamburg (Fig. 1). It was discovered in 1985 boundaries, which had been identified partly
by the well Westerholz Zl. Appraisal drilling by test analysis and partly by geologic data
was undertaken in 1987 with the well interpretation and seismics.
Hoehnsmoor Zl to the south and in 1988 with
Langenhoern Zl to the north. The field is a This resulted in a better understanding of
joint venture of a consortium of RWE-DEA AG, desirable well spacing for the reservoir and
BEB Erdal &Erdgas GmbH, Mobil Oil AG, and had a major impact on the development
Wintershall AG, with RWE-DEA as operator. schedule.

Page 245
2 EFFECTIVE WELL TEST INTERPRETATION AND EARLY RESERVOIR SIMULATION HELP TO OPTIMIZE
ROTLIEGEND GAS RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT
2. Geology
During the Rotliegendes, which is the
earliest segment of the Permian in Europe,
sedimentary sequences, more than 2,000 m
thick in some localities, were deposited
within a basin extending from Poland to
England. In Lower Saxony, sedimentation was
influenced by a fan-shaped rift system
(Ref. 1) subdividing the area from the
Hessian basin in the south to the Elbe river
in the north. The Rotliegend sandstones
deposited in the graben structures are of
great economic significance for the German
gas producing industry.
The arid-terrestrial Rotliegend sediments
were eroded, transported, and deposited by
the two media air and water. In the course of
depositional history, stratigraphic changes
occurred by redeposition. Sedimentologically,
the clastics include all transitions from
eolic-type dune sandstones to fluviatile
channel sands and fanglomeratic fans. As a
result of gradual peneplanization,
alternating beds of sandy and clayey-silty
Sabkha facies with partly evaporitic
intercalations occur in the higher segment of
the Oberrotliegendes.
The largely good to very good reservoir
properties of the sandstone dominated
sediment sequence were influenced by
diagenetic processes, resulting for the most
part in a deterioration by compaction and
cementation. However, in sandstone dominated
environments, late diagenetic conservation of
reservoir properties and even improvement
(secondary porosity formation) was possible
due to existing early diagenetic cementation.
In the Rotliegend sequence penetrated by
Westerholz ZI, Hoehnsmoor Zl, and
L~ngenhoern ZI in the study area, gas was
d1scovered only in the Wustrow sandstone
which showed good petrofacies features. '
The good petrofacies and the apparently
rather uniform pore structure are illustrated
by the very uniform trend in the
relationship K = f (0) shown in Fig. 2.
Permeability variations among the different
layers are substantial, with peak
permeabilities around 300 mD (air
permeabi 1ity).
According to current understanding of the
structure (Fig. 3), the exploratory well
~esterholz ZI, which was completed in 1985,
1S located downstructure in the northernmost
section of the NNW-SSE striking pre-Zechstein
Rotenburg graben. The Westerholz structural
section is bounded in the south toward the
1986 Hemsbuende gas discovery by an
apparently energetically sealing fault.
Adjacent to this fault, Hoehnsmoor Zl was
drilled in 1987.
In the east, the Westerholz/Hoehnsmoor
structure bounds on the Scheessel block
located on a Carboniferous high, where
Langenhoern Zl is located. This well was
completed in 1987.
Page 246
SPE 20924
3. Tests in Exploratory Wells
Applying a certain standardization, the
drilling and test phases of Rotliegend gas
wells can be described as follows:
The 7-in. casing is set as a liner at the
Rotliegend top, i.e. at the base of the
Zechstein. Fig. 4 shows a Gamma Ray type log
of a Rotliegend well. The 7-in. intermediate
casing is needed because of the high pressure
gradient in the Zechstein.
Drill stem tests (DST) in exploratory wells
therefore are conducted as openhole tests
with the packer seat in the 7-in. casing.
DST's in the 5-in. liner are performed to
provide additional information on the gas
potential of the deeper Ebstorf and
Slochteren sandstones. Due to good
reliability of openhole log interpretation
and RFT profiles from Wustrow sandstone,
DST's do not have to be performed to prove
gas saturation of the sand or GWC. In such
cases, the reservoirs are tested by cleanup
and production tests following completion.
With this procedure, flow periods can be
extended and costs minimized, because the
tests are conducted after the drilling rig
has been removed.
Pressure test interpretation generally
comprises the following steps:
Type-curve analysis and development of
an interpretation model, making
allowance for potential outer
boundaries and using the log-log plot
delta-p versus delta-t and the first
derivative.
Verification of the interpretation
through conventional semi-log analysis,
such as Horner plot, and comparison of
the computed reservoir parameters.
Adjustment of reservoir pressure in the
dimensionless Horner plot.
Plotting of the results in the
analytical simulation on the Cartesian
plot, always taking into account
potential rate superposition, because
all flow times of a well must be
considered in order to avoid
misinterpretation. It was noted that
even short cleanup production periods
before the actual buildup test must be
taken into account.
3.1 Westerholz ZI
In January 1985, the Wustrow sandstone was
tested from a 7-in. casing shoe in an
openhole DST. Already after the first flow
period, wellhead pressure was 450 bar. In the
second flow period, the water cushion was
produced back and a gas rate of
360 x 10 3 std m3/d measured in a short
time. This flow period had to be terminated
already after about 2 hours, because a choke
valve had been eroded by solids (mud or
reservoir sand) at high wellhead pressures.
SPE 20924 H. H. Andreae, G. Schalow
Interpretation of these relatively short flow
and pressure buildup periods produced
kh = 68.8 mDm, corresponding to an effective
permeability of 5.1 mD at a net thickness of
12.5 m above GWC, which had been proved by
RFT gradient method at a depth of 4,808 m
subsea level. The pseudoskin factor 5' was
computed at - 2.8. The data can be matched
against a type curve for homogeneous
reservoirs and infinite lateral extent
(Fig. 5). The quality of the derivative data
does not permit detailed statements
concerning outer reservoir boundaries.
It is remarkable that the derivative data are
useful at dll for interpreting the survey.
After verification with the conventional
Horner plot (Fig. 6), which results in
identical reservoir parameters, the
interpretation model can be regarded as all
but reliable, as may be seen from the
analytical simulation (Fig. 7).
The well was cased with a 5-in. liner and
perforated with 13 shots per meter. From the
comparison of the reservoir parameters
obtained from the 05T with the results of the
later production test it became obvious that
the permeability capacities clearly decreased
after completion (Table 1). Presumably this
is due to the casing and cementation and to
the perforation of the sandstone with
relatively low shot density.
The 1988 test shows not only a reduced kh of
29.1 mOm, but also an increasingly negative
pseudoskin factor, 5' = - 4.1. The pressure
data were matched against a type curve for
homogeneous reservoirs, including a linear
fault (Fig. 8), located 220 m from the
Westerholz Zl well.
The Horner plot (Fig. 9) clearly illustrates
the double slope of the Horner straight-line
which is Characteristic of a linear fault.
The plot of the analytical test simulation
(Fig. 10) shows the good match of the data
measured by electronic memory gauge with the
interpretation model. A geologic
interpretation of the linear fault will be
made within the coarse grid simulation.
The reduction of the kh values after
completion with the 5-in. liner could be an
indication that completion of the Wustrow
reservoir may be only partly effective.
Detailed investigations will shortly be made
to determine how the productivity of wells
with such casing can be optimized.
3.2 Hoehnsmoor Zl
In July 1987, the exploratory well
Hoehnsmoor Zl was subjected to a 12-hour
production test on the Wustrow sandstone
involving two production rates. The well had
previously been cleaned up at a rate of
720 x 10 3 std m3/d over a few hours. The
bottomhole location is 1.6 km to the south of
Westerholz Zl. The well was to test a
separate block bounded by an east-west
trending barrier.
Page 247
3
The pressure buildup following the production
period was first measured with a mechanical
pressure gauge over a period of 120 hours and
later verified twice by short-time surveys
with the aid of an electronic memory gauge.
According to the interpretation results
(Table 2), the permeability capacity is
essentially of the same order as in
Westerholz Z. The skin factor of 5' = - 0.7
suggests an undamaged reservoir. The
derivative data in the log-log plot (Fig. 11)
show an increase for the final phase of
pressure buildup, which is interpreted as the
influence of a sealing fault. The fault is
located 45 m from the well. Fig. 12 shows the
match of the pressure data, taking account of
boundary effects and short-time surveys. The
conventional Horner analysis, too, shows the
typical behavior with two straight-lines
(Fig. 13). The type-curve match suggests that
there must be a second fault perpendicular to
the first one. However, since that match is
based on the two later short-time surveys,
this result should not be over interpreted.
The RFT pressure tests conducted in
Hoehnsmoor ZI show a pressure decrease of
max. 36.1 bar versus initial conditions
(Fig. 14), which indicates that this new well
is located on the same block as
Westerholz Zl. At the time concerned,
Westerholz ZI already had produced 70 million
m3 gas. The fault, which had been assumed
to be separating this well from
Westerholz ZI, apparently is located
immediately to the south of Hoehnsmoor Zl
(Fig. 2).
3.3 Langenhoern ZI
The objective of the new well Langenhoern ZI
was to test the Wustrow sandstone 1.7 km to
the north of Westerholz ZIon the
northernmost flank of an east-west trendfng
strike slip fault (Fig. 2), which had been
assumed in the exploratory phase.
From Feb. 22 to 24, 1988, a production test
with three production rates was conducted for
a period of 24 hours each. The ensuing
pressure buildup took 70 hours. The pressure
survey used electronic memory gauges.
In this case it was useful to analyze the
drawdowns and the .pressure buildup. The
results in Table 3 show that the formation
reacts as a homogeneous system and can be
matched against the type curve
COe 25 = 88. Analytical simulation
(Fig. 15) illustrates the good match of model
computation and measured data.
Table 3 contains the results of the drawdown
evaluation. The computed permeabilities show
only minor fluctuations. Since the flow
periods in this test were long enough to
clean up the reservoir, the production rate
dependent skin and the turbulence factor were
determined. As may be seen from Fig. 16, the
reservoir skin was computed at S = - 3.9 and
the turbulence factor at F = 6.5 x 10- 5 h/m 3 .
4 EFFECTIVE WELL TEST INTERPRETATION AND EARLY RESERVOIR SIMULATION HELP TO OPTIMIZE
ROTUEGEND GAS RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT
The pressure of 646 bar at 4,800 m datum
depth extrapolated from the infinite behavior
of Langenhoern Zl is clearly below the
initial value of 652.34 bar expected for the
reservoir. At the time concerned,
Westerholz Zl and Hoehnsmoor Zl already had
produced some 100 million m3 gas.
Also in this case, the RFT profile
measurements showed (Fig. 14) that the block
on which Langenhoern Zl is located has
undergone a certain pressure depletion as a
result of prior production from neighboring
wells. The relatively small depletion of
4.9 bar indicates that, unlike Hoehnsmoor Zl,
interference in Langenhoern Zl is not direct,
but through a transmissibility barrier.
According to the 1988 Westerholz Zl test, the
barrier is located 220 m east of
Westerho 1z n.
4. Interference Tests
A trend measurement in November 1987 again
confirmed that Westerholz ZI communicates
with Hoehnsmoor ZI. The distance between the
two wells is 1.6 km. Pressure depletion
during measurement was 0.173 bar/d. Reservoir
pressure was found to be depleted by 19 bar.
A match with the line source type curve was
found (Fig. 17). The kh = 19.6 mOm is
comparable with that of Hoehnsmoor Zl.
Storativity is computed at
10.25 x 10- 5 m/bar. As a result of the
short-time measurement, however, this match
was not unique. Correlation of the sand
layers of the Wustrow sandstone (Fig. 18)
shows that interference presumably occurred
only through one sand layer.
Since openhole pressure profile measurements
have proved to generate meaningful results,
each well to be drilled in future offers the
possibility of obtaining a kind of
interference snapshot. The advantage of RFT
profiling is to indicate layers with maximum
pressure decrease, respectively depletion, as
a result of production in adjacent wells.
Conventional interference tests, however, are
problematic due to the long pressure survey
duration required for meaningful results.
Because of the high temperatures of around
150 a C encountered at reservoir depth, such
long duration will often entail failure of
the battery powered memory gauge.
Verification of interference with the aid of
repeated short-time surveys in the
observation well has not been tried so far
and is assumed not to result in interpretable
pressure data. . observation data. The match of the pressure
5. Coarse-Grid Simulation Study
The Westerholz reservoir was subdivided into
a grid of 500 x 500 m blocks, so that
adequate space of at least two blocks existed
between the wells where interference could be
possible. The arrangement of the grid
resulted from the delimiting barriers shown
in the structural map valid at the time
concerned.
Page 248
SPE 20924
This resulted in a total of 84 active blocks.
Vertically, the Wustrow sandstone has not
been subdivided into a grid for the time
being. The following reservoir parameters
were entered:
Table 4:
porosity 14.0 - 15.4%
net thickness 12 - 18 m
permeability (absolute) 4 - 15 mO
initial water saturation 38 %
pore volume 39.67 x 106 m3
area 17.75 x 106 m2
The fault between Westerholz Zl and
Langenhoern ZI was simulated as a
transmissibility barrier. Relative
permeabilities for gas and water were
adjusted in line with curves measured in
neighboring Rotliegend reservoirs. The
production rates were determined on a
quarterly basis.
The match involved the simulation of pressure
histor~ on the assumption that the wells
Westerholz Zl and Hoehnsmoor Zl communicate
directly, while interference between
Westerholz Zl and Langenhoern Zl is indirect
through a transmissibility barrier. The gas
in place (GIP) was assumed to be
7.6 x 109 std m3 That was done by trial
and error, with the gasbearing areas being
extended toward the east and south in
accordance with the valid structure map. The
value thus determined represents the minimum
needed to match the production data.
Except Hoehnsmoor Zl, the wells' kh values
were set in line with the air permeabilites
(Tables 1 - 3) as shown below:
Westerholz Zl 158 mOm
Langenhoern Zl 71 mOm
Hoehnsmoor Zl 169 mOm
In the case of Westerholz Zl, pressure
behavior during the production cycles through
1989 was simulated starting from initial
pressure (Fig. 19). To this end, the relative
permeability curves were modified in order to
prevent an early increase of water production
from this downstructure well.
As discussed before, RFT pressure tests in
Hoehnsmoor Zl proved that this well
communicates with Westerholz Zl. Since this
investigation did not intend to match
individual sand layer pressures, only average
test pressure data were entered as
trend is good, although the strong pressure
depletion (Fig. 20) during the 1987/88
production period could not be precisely
matched in the amplitude. This is attributed
to interference through a sand layer of
presumably only a few meters thickness.
In Hoehnsmoor Zl, the kh had to be reduced to
65 mOm in order to match the well's
production behavior.
SPE 20924 H. H. Andreae, G. Schalow
In Langenhoern Zl, the kh had to be increased
to 120 mOm in order to simulate the test
behavior and a related pressure depletion
caused by Westerholz Zl. This well, too,
showed reduced RFT pressure values in some
sand layers. The pressure match was good
(Fig. 21). Although interference was not as
strong as in Hoehnsmoor Zl due to the
permeability barriers, the well clearly
communicates with the remaining reservoir.
On the basis of the GWC's/GOT's determined by
RFT and the relative permeabilities measured
in a neighboring reservoir, it was possible
to prevent the invasion of edge water.
For improved reliability of the computed
results, the following sensitivity runs were
made:
activity of the Langenhoern aquifer
local h distribution and porosity
distribution.
The computation showed that absolute
permeabilities in the aquifer are not higher
than in the gas reservoir. Porosities and net
thicknesses were entered as calculated from
openhole log analysis.
The plot in Fig. 22 shows the areal pressure
distribution in the reservoir in June 1990.
It clearly illustrates the pressure depletion
throughout the reservoir, which was caused by
ongoing production from all three wells. The
effect of the transmissibility barrier is
illustrated by the higher pressure level in
Langenhoern Zl.
The sealing effect of the barrier between
Westerholz Zl and Langenhoern Zl will have to
be adjusted as future production reaches the
southern limits of the reservoir. The
conclusions from the 1988 pressure data for
Westerholz Zl have been taken into account.
With cumulative production less than 7% of
the assumed GIP, it is obvious that the
description of reservoir delineation is only
exact in the vicinity of the three production
wells.
Sensitivity runs of the GIP showed a very
sensitive reaction of the pressure match to
the GIP.
On the basis of this model, it will be
possible in future to estimate roughly what
gas reserves can be produced from each well.
It is planned to continue the pressure
surveys at regular intervals and update the
model.
6. Discussion and summary
Page 249
5
6.1 Geology
The analysis confirms the reservoir's western
and eastern boundaries. The Langenhoern Zl
block is bounded by a further north-south
trending barrier extending into the adjoining
aquifer. South of Westerholz Zl, that barrier
seems to be not sealing. Hoehnsmoor Zl is
located close to the southern reservoir
boundary. In pressure testing, the
strongly-layered Wustrow sandstone reacts as
a homogeneous system. Vertical permeabilities
may possibly be sufficient to recover gas
also from the sand layers with lower kh
through crossflow.
6.2 Simulation
It was possible to describe the neighborhood
of the wells in detail with the aid of
production tests and pressure profile
measurements in an early phase of field
development. The coarse-grid model, though of
simple design, is suited to simulate the
behavior of a gas reservoir. It requires only
a very short initializat~on ti~. Th~ .
conclusion is that numer1cal slmulat10n 1S a
very effective tool to evaluate reservoirs
during the appraisal phase. Through
simulation, the outer boundaries of a
reservoir can be defined even if no more than
7% of the probable GIP has been produced. A
future model update will provide rapid
answers concerning the location of further
wells to optimize field capacity.
6.3 Measuring Techniques and Interpretation
Use of the derivative method in type-curve
matching results in more mea~in~f~l and .
easier interpretation. The v1ab111ty of th1S
method has often been doubted when pressure
surveys were conducted using mechanical
gauges. In the wells under review, mechanical
gauges were used in some initial tests. It
was found that the quality of such measured
data was adequate for applying the derivative
method.
Sophisticated, electronic memory gauges,
which until recently could be used only for 8
days due to short battery life resulting from
high reservoir temperatures of 145 - 150C,
now can be used for periods up to 14 days.
Such equipment is capable of measuring
drawdown data at high production rates
without noise, as was proved by
Langenhoern Zl.
Conventional interference tests are of no
relevance in practice due to the long .
measuring period required in the observat~on
well. The interference measurement shown 1n
one example does not generate a.match with
quantitative results, although 1ts
qualitative results clearly indicate the
presumed interference.
6 EFFECTIVE WELL TEST INTERPRETATION AND EARLY RESERVOIR SIMULATION HELP TO OPTIMIZE SPE 20924
ROTLIEGEND GAS RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT

7. Nomenclature
C Wellbore storage constant (m3/bar)
F Turbulence factor (h/m 3 )
GOT Gas down to
GWC Gas water contact
Kh Permeability capacity (mDm)
RFT Repeat Formation Tester
5' Pseudo skin factor
5 Reservoir skin factor
0 Porosity (fraction)
8. Acknowledgement
The successful completion of this paper
is tile resu 1t of a great dea 1 of hard
work by many people. We thank them and
the management of RWE-OEA AG for the
permission to publish this paper.
9. References
(1) Gast, R.E.:
"Rifting im Rotliegenden
Niedersachsens",
Die Geowissenschaften,
6. Jahrg. 1988, Hr. 4
(2) Gringarten, A.C.:
"Computer-Aided Well Test
Analysis", paper SPE 14099,
Beijing, China, 1986
(3) Pirard, Y.M. and"Pressure
Derivative Enhances Use of Type
Bocock, A.:
Curves for the Analysis of Well
Tests", paper SPE 14101,
Beijing, China, 1986
(4) Earlougher, R.C. Jr.:
"Advances in Well Test
Analysis", Monograph Series,
SPE of AlME, Dallas, 1977
10. Tables and Figures

Page 250
 SfE 2092,4

0.300
~ NORTH SEA
0.250 :0 Langenhoem
.! ,~ , i .

c Hoehnsmoor aJ i .-.
-. r'",
:3 0.200 1 -Westerholz
----; ,
u o ~;r.:'.

~
~
;::"0.150

"0;
~ 0.100
. _ , : : . :

:~:::-~:::::~~:l;~:~~~
- .: ~~ ~ .

!:l ;.

~~ 1
a..
0.050 ......................', l:lllJcc.6.'
'" . . !

'"
""%.
.j .

\ Rotenbu", Gmb'" IOlC~C~ ~.>

O.OOOI+---ir-=---+---i----+-----+---
lE-03 1E-02 1E-01 1E+OO 1E+01 1E+02 1E+03
LOG Permeability (md)
Figure 2 : Porosity I Permeability Cross Plot
for Wasterholz Z1 Hoehnarnoor Z1 Langsnhoem Z1

Hannover

~ARAY

Figure 1 : LocsUon Msp Rotenburg Graben

f------:..--------I c.ng
Clop...
DEG API 22.

4684.

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....
48511

.. If" .....

Figure 3 : Structure Map Top Wustrow Sandstone. Westerholz GasllBld

.... Figure 4:

Type Log (Gamma Rsy)

Oberrotllegend Sandstones

10' , - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - , 7250 ,.-..:-----,-------r-------r--~

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"
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~ 7100
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...,
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~..._.:.__ .." 7050
~.

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c

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"'"
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6950
6.0 actual - - calculated
- - catculaled
6 900 l- -' --'- -"----"-_~~_._J
101 l--;;- .L--:- ..L;:- ...J
10- 2 10- 1 10 10 1
o 10000 20000 30000
Superposilion Funclion (mscr/d)
Elapsed Time (hr)
Figure 5: Figure 6 : Horner Plot. Drillstem Test Westerholz Z1 1985
Log - log Plot lop versus lot, Drillstem Test Westerholz Z1 1985

Page 251
 SPE 2092,4

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- - calculated
....
z
a

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""
Q.
a
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I

8800
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~

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6600 10'
....
n

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- - ceIcuJaIed

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...........
102 L-'--"..JL_-L ---L ---'- ..L --.J
o. I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 6.
10- 2 10- 1 10 10 1 10 2 10 3
Time from Start of Rate Hist.ory (hr)
EIGp.ed Tl.e (hr)
Figure 7 : Analytical Slnwlatlon p veraue At,
Figure 8 : Log log Plot Ap VenlUB 4t, Buildup Test WeBterholz Zl , 1988
Drllietem Teet Weeterholz Zl , 1985

6500 r-----..-----.,.----r----,-~--_..__---,

.'"
a
6000

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o
...
I
7500
"
"
"
."

(.,....
7000

D BetUIII ~rl"
. D aclua'
- - calculaled
- - calculated

5000 '--_ _-L ---'- i-_---.:'--.JL-_ _...J.. -.l 6500 ' - L- -JL- -J'- -'_-'

10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 80000 70000 2000 2040 2080 2120 2160
Superposilion Function (mset/d) Time from Start of Rale History (hr)

Figure 9 : Horner Plot. Buildup Test Westerholz Z1 , 1988 Figure 10 : Analytical Simulation of Westerholz Zl buildUp Teet. 1988

10 5 r-----,-----,--~--.,.----...,.----.., 10000,---,----,----,-----,------,---,-----,

9000
;::
""
Q. 8000
10' a
I
:;'
"
~
7000

" ..,
"n
.... ..
."" 6000

5000
.0..0 a:tual o actual
_ _ calculated - - cillculaled

4000 ' - " -_ _' -_ _......J'-_ _......J......J_ _......J -l ...J

o 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time from Start of Rale History (hr)
Elapsed Time (hr)
Figure 11 : Figure 12:
Log Log Plot Ap versus At, Production Test Hoehnsmoor Zl ,1987 Analytical Simulation, Production Test Hoehnsmoor Zl , 1987

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 SPE 20924

8000 , - - - - , - - - - _ _ _ , - - - - _ _ _ , - - - - - - , - - _ _ _ _ ,
DEPTH SSL m
.---------------~:;,GO=T WUT

.z
o

."
~'SO
.. lICE II 4750

"c
<>.
I

'; ~
." .9001-----------+--+--_......::I-eoo
" Ull
c

..,"
4000
.95011-------------\-...:...---1-
VUSTRQW SDST ~ 0

3000
. EBsrQAF
5L.OCHTCREN SlIST,
saST. ..
D actual
- - calculated .90011---------------\0---+
o "..'terholz~Zl
2000 ' - -'-- -'- --'- ---'_ _...J
e.~n
-5000 5000 15000 25000 35000
tlLopA==.., Z1
Superposition Function (.scf/d) .9501----------------.,,\,.....+
Figure 13:
Horner Plot with linear fault, Production Test Hoehnsmoor Z1 .1987

5OO01--r--r--r--.----.----.----,--,-..I.5000
9000 9200 9'00 9GOO
Pressure(psia)
Q500 ,--,-----,..----,r----,----,----,----,.---,
Figure 14:

Prllllaure Profile aummary

Weaterholz field

0.00 ......_ _............................................

~-'---'------i
S = -3.29
-0.50 ..-
: : r = 6.5 [-5
... 2 -1.00 .__ __..~ t.._ _i._
.. u
o
_}_f! ;

....-::..-
,

~ -1.50 ___f~~__~_~f ; .

i _~b;;;;.. r
-2.00 +-::::

100
Time
120
fro. Start
140
o~
160 160
Rale History
200 220
(hr)
240
';~pttt=t-i--~_~
Agure 15 : Analytical Simulation, Production Test ,Langenhoem Z1 ,1988
o 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Gos Production Rote sid m'/ d
Figure 16 : Graphical determination of reservoir Skin
6 150 r_--,--~.,---__.--__,_--___,--___,r_-____,
tram Pseudoskln values, Langenhoern Z1 , 1988

6100

6050

6000 HOHNSMOOR Z 1 WESTERHOLZ Z1 LANGENHORN Z 1

e650

8900

D actual
8850
- - celeuleled

6600 L _ _-'-_ _-L_ _--L_ _-'-_ _---' L-_~

a 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

TilDe from Slarl of Rale History (hr)
Figure 18 : Wustrow Sandstone Correlation
Figure 17: Inlerlerence Tesl 1987 , active Well: Westerholz Z1 , Westerholz, Hoehnsmoor Langenhoern
observation well: Hoehnsmoor Z1

Page 253
 SEE 2092.4

550
BARSA
650 F"'~=====-,,-_-':c---------------

650~~T~1
"0
8ARSA

I 1\
l
450 450

actual
c.IcuIat.d

35 8 '-~...J...~4"-0::-::0"""'-'--'::B:-:O:"0=--'-""'1-=2'::O:-:0=--'---:':-:6:"0=-=0~"""'-=2-=OU.00 3 58 L~...J....-4-0"-:-0~--'-~-=B-=0'":0,......---"--':-:2::'-::0-=O:-~"""":"'-=6~0:c0=-...J....-"":2:c0=:00
DAYS DAYS

Figure 19 : Pressure Match Wen Westerholz Z1 , (Start: January 1, 1985) Figure 20: Pressure Match Wen Hoehnsmoor Zl ,(Start: January 1, 1985)

BARSA
650 F===========::::;;::::;:;::::==::::----i II
'Om
600m
I----II---:=-I---I--t--'"'"'""':"""""t--t.:.,.,,--t--t--I

550

450

35 8 L~...J...-4-0::'-::0--'---B:-:0:'-0--'-~,-::'2'::0:-:O=--'---:,:-:6=-O=-=O~.......-=2-=OU.OO
----": ": ~'t-~'---' :-...~~~. 5::>::::-., '---
300m~"---, ~', .-' ,';- ',-;.-.-' ,':-,
DAYS nUl:
Figure 22:
Figure 21 : Pressure Match wen Langenhoem Zl , (Start: January 1, 1985)
Areal Pressure distribution at End of History Match (June 1990l

A) Test Interpretation

Method: Type Curve

A) Test Interpretation
Date
(....
K'H
)
K
(101
S' t
(,,3lbar) Method:
Date
Type Curve
S'
l~) (~I (oJlbar)
07.01.85 68.75 5.41 2.18 1.16 I 10- 2
25.09.87 19.8 1.29 0.26 5,65 10-2-
25.04.88 28.70 2.29 -4.1 6.98 I 10- 2
8) log Interpretation
8) Log Interpretation
(abo,e GIlt)
porosllr (nu)
~~) (~l
Porosity (avU) H.
15.3 15.1 11.2
K
(%) (Ii) (101

15.4 12.5 12.7 Table 2: Hoehnsmoor Zl , Reservoir Parameters Wustrow Sandstone

Table 1 : Westerholz Zl , Reservoir Parameters Wustrow Sandstone

A) Test InterpretatiDD
Method: 11fe torve Porosity ('o) 14,0 - 15,4
K'H S' ~ 12 18
Oate I....) [.oj (oJlbar) Net thickness (m)
27.02.88 absolute Permeability (mO) 4 15
Build up 27,9 2,26 - 1,91 - J,29 0,196 initial Sw ('o) 38
Orawdmm 1 22.2 1,60 - 2,75 0.14J Pore volume (m 3) 51,6 106
Drawdown 2' 26,2 2,26 - 1,65 0,129
Area (m2) 11.75 106
Drawdown 3 27.4 2,22 1.49 0,159
initia] cr5ssure
8) log Interpretation at 19 atum
porosH~ (av9) depth (bar) 652,34
~~) (~)
14.0 12.2 5.8
Table 4 : Input Parameters. Coarse Grid Reservoir Simuistion

Table 3: Langenhoern Zl , Reservoir Parameters Wuslrow Sandslone

Page 254