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Module 8
Directional Drilling
Section 5a
Bottom Hole Assemblies
for Directional Drilling
Objectives
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Objectives
4. Explain why minimizing the number of DC's and
stabilizers is advisable in directional BHA's
5. Describe the effect of an under gauge near-bit
stabilizer in:
- drop-off BHA's
- build-up BHA's
6. Show why an under gauge second is used in a locked
BHA for tangent section
7. Describe the effect of hole washout on BHA behavior
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Objectives
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Deflection Devices
eg., to:
Kick-off, nudge (build angle from vertical to a desired direction)
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Rotary Bottom Hole Assemblies
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BHA Side Force
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Definitions
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Factors affecting bit side force
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By the formation being drilled
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The Principles
Bar of mass M
When we consider the side force, we are only able to use the unsupported
unsupported weight
that lies between the tangent and the bit. Because the weight is supported at each
end, only half of the weight is available at the bit as side-
side-force.
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Side Force
H = w x L x BF x sin(inc)/2
Where:
H is side force
w is weight per unit length of the DCs
L is the length of unsupported DCs below the Tangent
BF is the buoyancy factor
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Slick Assembly Pendulum Force
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Negative Side Force
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Positive Side Force
Weight on Bit
Hole Direction
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Single Stabilizer
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Single Stabilizer BHA
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Two stabilizers
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Two Stabilizer BHAs
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Principles of Rotary BHA
NMDC
PowerPulse
Stabilizer
Pony NMDC
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Stabilization
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Effect of WOB
Increase WOB
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Effects of Stabilizer Gauge
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Under gauge Near-bit Stabilizer
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Under gauge Second Stabilizer
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Effects of Hole Gauge
Considerations:
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Hole Washout
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Standard Fulcrum Assemblies (Build)
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Standard Fulcrum Assemblies (Build)
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Fullcrum (Build) Assemblies - Summary
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For increasing the build rate of a fulcrum BHA:
Increase in WOB
Reduction in size of the top Stabilizer
Increase in distance between the bottom and top stabilizer
Reduction in RPM
Increase in hole inclination
Reduction in flowrate (soft formations)
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Standard Packed Assemblies (Hold)
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Standard Packed Assemblies (Hold)
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Standard Packed Assemblies (Hold)
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Typical locked up BHA for 12-1/4 in. hole
1. Hole size
2. Distance between near-bit and lower string stabilizers
3. Stiffness of the collar directly above the near bit
4. Gauge of the stabilizers
5. Drilling parameters
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Packed (Hold) Assemblies - Summary
UG
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Standard Pendulum (Drop) Assemblies
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Standard Pendulum (Drop) Assemblies
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Standard Pendulum (Drop) Assemblies
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Semi-drop BHA
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Pendulum (drop) Assemblies - Summary
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For increasing the drop rate of a pendulum BHA:
Decrease in WOB
Increase in RPM
Increase in flow (soft formations)
Reduction in size of NB Stabilizer
Increase spacing between bit and first string stabilizer
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How do bits affect the BHA Tendency !
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Stabilization
Critical elements:
-Stabilizer gauge
-Stabilizer position
-Drill collar OD/weight/moment of inertia
-Hole inclination
-WOB, RPM, flow rates
-Hole gauge
-Bit Type
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The Principals
)
W = w x L x BF x cos(
Where:
is the hole inclination in degrees
w is weight per unit length
L is the length of DCs below the Tangent
BF is the buoyancy factor
Available weight
BF = 1-(mwt/65.5) (for ppg)
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Neutral Point Calculations
In deviated wells
Available WOB x DF
BHA Weight in air =
BF x cos
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Neutral Point Calculations
Example:
Hole Size: 12
Well Inclination: 45
Mud Density: 11 ppg
Required WOB : 40,000 lbs
Use a design factor of 10%
a) How many DCs (8 ,32, 160 lbs/ft) this BHA will
require?
b) If the number of DCs is limited to 6, how many HWDP
should be added to the string? (HW= 5, 31, 49.7 lbs/ft)
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Neutral Point - answer
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Special BHA's
1. Tandem Stabilizer
2. Roller Reamers
3. Variable Gauge Stabilizer
4. Jetting BHA
5. Gilligan BHA's
6. Hole Openers
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Tandem Stabilizers
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Stabilizers
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Roller Reamers
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Adjustable Gauge Stabilizer
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Jetting BHA
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Gilligan BHA
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Hole Opening BHA
Hole Opener
Bull Nose
Ported or non-ported?
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Under Reamer
Bi Center bits
Ander reamer Andergauge
DBS NBR Near Bit Reamer
Halliburton Security
DBS URS Under Reamer Services
Halliburton Security
Reamaster (XTU) Smith Services
RWD Ream While Drilling Baker
Hughes Christensen
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Hole openers and Anderreamers
Considerations
Shocks
Hydraulics
MWD signal
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Motor Design Considerations
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Settings of the motor
Bend angle
RPM restriction if too high a setting is selected
The bend dictates the sliding dogleg capability
If it can give 7o/100ft then it will !!!
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Motor Stabilization Options
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RSS BHA
Insert bit
No
Insert MWD
Sufficient
DC? No weight from
WOB x buoyancy
No
Insert HWDP
Yes
No
Sufficient
Insert Jar / Acc above
weight from Yes
neutral points Review RSS configuration /
WOB x buoyancy
stab configuration
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BHA Design - Clients expectations
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BHA Design Key factors
Bit design
Stabilizer
Flex
Hydraulics
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Bit design features
Stability
Minimize Shocks (Highest percentage, ref. FFM)
Minimize vibration
Minimize Stick slip
Steerability (around 5% failure in 2004 YTD)
Gauge length
Aggressive side cutting ability
Durability
Shoe to TD
Rate of penetration
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Short gauge
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Example of gauge configurations
Active Gauge
Dual Action
Gauge
Steering Wheel
Gauge
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Stabilized Control Collar (IBS or Sleeve)
Control Stabilizer
Non magnetic melon shaped profile
Spiral blade
RAB (GVR) stabilizer
Motor stabilizer (vorteX)
Flex joints are normally used on a profile requiring greater than 2/100
DLS (PD675)
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Dog Leg capability
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RSS Tip-Stabilizer Type and Placement
Where is the good place for Stabilizer?
a) Above Control Unit
b) On the Control Unit
c) It depends
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PowerDrive vorteX
BHA configurations
* Bit PowerDrive X/O Stab - Motor ?
* Bit PowerDrive NMStab - Flex Joint Motor ? (AIM)
* Bit PowerDrive x/o - Motor (sleeve)
Considerations
Hydraulics, DLS
Limitations of surface RPM
PowerDrive 475 vorteX ?
No E-Mag (C-Link ?)
vorteX motor vs PowerPak (with 0 bent, kink)
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PowerDrive VorteX
Applications
Environmental (Noise reduction)
Reduction of stick-slip
Rig limitations (top drive rating torque / RPM output)
Improved drilling performance (ROP)
Less casing wear
Bi-center Bit
8 x 9 1/4 can be used on regular CRS tool with both slick stabilizer
8 1/2 x 9 7/8 needs to be run with a special collar and steering section design
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Common BHA Problems
1. Formation Effects
2. Worn Bits
3. Accidental Side Track
4. Pinched Bit
5. Differential Sticking
6. Drilling Parameters
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