Unit 1 The Earth, Moon, and Sun System

Lesson 1 Astronomy
From the Greek
o astron star arrangement and nomos regulation

Solar System Models

Geocentric model ?
o Accepted theory until 16th century
o
o Accepted theory until 16th century
o Why was this the model ancient astronomers came up with?
o Apparent Diurnal Motion
Heliocentric ?
o Proposed by ?

Gravity and Satellites

Satellite -?
Gravity - ?
o Size of force is dependent on mass of objects and distance between the objects
o The larger the two objects, the ?
o The farther apart, the ?

Gravity

Responsible for
o ?
o ?
o ?
o ?
o Earth rotates at 1000+ mph

Lesson 2 Cycles - Days and Nights/Seasons

Day and Night

Caused by ?
Sun and stars appear to move because of rotation
Time Zones - ?
Earth rotates ?
Around imaginary axis tilted at ?

Precession - http://safeshare.tv/w/zWfMCpXdfu

Because the axis wobbles, the direction the axis is pointing is changing
Precession - ?
Precession cycle for Earth 26000 years
Axis at North Pole currently points toward ?
 In 13000 years it will point toward ?

Leap Year

Sideral Day is 23 hours 56 minutes (compared to star position)

Solar Day is 24 hours (compared to sun position)
The Earth completes a revolution around the sun in 365.24199 days
February 29 is added every 4 years to keep the Gregorian calendar in sync with sun

Which Are Leap Years?

In the Gregorian calendar 3 criteria identify leap years:

The year is evenly divisible by 4;
If the year can be evenly divided by 100, it is NOT a leap year, unless;
The year is also evenly divisible by 400. Then it is a leap year.

Seasons

Caused by ?
Summer
o North Pole ?
o South Pole ?
Winter
o South Pole ?
o North Pole ?

Earths Path Around the Sun

Orbit is ?
o Peri near
o Apo farthest away
o Helios refers to sun
Aphelion - ?
Perihelion ?
Aphelion occurs in ?
Perihelion occurs in ?
Period of revolution
o 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes

Seasons

North Pole
o Sun rises above horizon about March 20
o About June 21 sun reaches its highest point of elevation
o Sun sets about Sept. 21
o In twilight until early October
o Full darkness for the winter until early March
Lesson 3 Seasons/Solstices and Equinoxes
Summer Solstice
o ?
 o ?
o ?
o Summer solstice in northern hemisphere is called ? in the southern
Winter Solstice
o ?
o ?
o ?
o Winter solstice in northern hemisphere is called ? in the southern hemisphere.

What is the difference in the positon of the sun in the sky at summer solstice and winter solstice?
o ?
Equinoxes
?
?
?
Spring or vernal equinox ?
Fall or autumnal equinox ?
Opposite in southern hemisphere

The Moon
Revolves around Earth in ?
Perigee ?
Apogee - ?
Only 1 side of moon visible to Earth
No actual dark side, only far side
Revolves around Earth and rotates on its axis at the same rate Revolution and rotation are
counterclockwise (CCW)
Lunar Time
Sidereal Month - time it takes to complete one full revolution around Earth with ?

Synodic (Lunar) Month time it takes for the moon to complete its ?

The Moon
What shape is the moon?

Describe the surface.

What is the source of the moons light?

o ?

The Moon
5th largest moon in solar system
Surface area is less than that of the continent Asia
27% size of Earth
1.7% mass of Earth
1/6 the gravity of Earth
 o While your mass would remain the same, your weight would be only about 1/6 of what
it is on Earth
o What you weigh on the moon if you weighed 120 pounds on Earth?

Origin of Moon
Many theories
Which is the most widely accepted theory about the origin of the moon? ?
o Rocky object about size of Mars collided with Earth
o Hot surface layers of Earth ejected, vaporized and condensed together via gravity to
form moon
Websites
want to know more about the shape check out this website: http://www.space.com/26684-
moon-lemon-shape-tidal-forces.html

Lesson 4 The Moon

Lunar Phases
Appearance due to ?
o Moves West to East
o Results in phases of the moon
As the moon orbits the Earth
One half of moon is lit, the other half not
Lunar cycle starts with ?
Rises later each day as it travels around Earth
o Each phase is up at different times
o New moon rises with the sun and sets at dusk
o Full room rises at dusk and sets at dawn
New Moon
? is directly between ? and ?
What do we see when we look for new moon?
Waxing Crescent (waxing ?)
Rises shortly after dawn and sets after dusk
First Quarter
Moved a quarter of the way around the Earth
half moon
On eastern horizon about noon
Overhead at 6pm
On western horizon at midnight
Waxing Gibbous
Rises later in afternoon
Sets in early morning
Gibbous
o ?
Full Moon
Rises at dusk, sets at dawn
Earth directly between moon and sun
See entire lighted side
Waning Gibbous (waning ?)
Rises in late evening, sets shortly after dawn
When right side of moon is illuminated, moon is waxing
When left side of moon is illuminated, moon is waning
Last Quarter
About 3 weeks after new moon
Rises at midnight, sets at noon
Last quarter, left, leaving
Waning Crescent
Rises before dawn and sets before dusk
Last phase
The Tides
?
High tides and low tides generally occur twice each day
o Diurnal
?
o Semidiurnal
?
o Mixed
Two high and two low tides of dissimilar range.
Created by ?
Tidal Range
?
Vary depending on location

Why do Tides Vary?

?
Geological land forms
Shape of the bay
Meteorological phenomena

Types of Tides
Spring Tides
o ?
o ?
Neap Tides
o ?
o ?
Websites
Check this website for calendar of phases
http://stardate.org/nightsky/moon
The Moon
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Moon
http://www.moonconnection.com/

Lesson 5 Eclipses Solar and Lunar

Eclipses
 ?
Shadow has 3 parts
Parts of a Shadow
Umbra - ?
o ?
o ?
Penumbra
o ?
o ?
Antumbra
o ?
o ?
Lunar Eclipse
Moon passes directly behind the Earth into its shadow
?
Types of Lunar Eclipses
Penumbral
o Moon in penumbra area
Partial
o Part of Moon in umbra
Total
o Moon entirely in umbra
Lunar Eclipse
Color is due to ?
o Blue light waves filtered out
Solar Eclipse
?
Types of Solar Eclipses
Total
o Locations on Earth in ?
Partial
o Locations on Earth in ?
Annular
o Locations in ?
Where in the shadow is this dark spot?
What type eclipse is occurring?