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Question1.

What happens when you activate an object in HANA?

Answer

When we activate an object, it becomes available for reporting and

analysis.

After successful activation of a view, a run time object is created in

_SYS_BIC schema.

For example, suppose there is a calculation view CV_VIEW1 in package

MyPackage. After activating this view, a run time object (column view)
will be created in _SYS_BIC schema with name MyPackage/CV_VIEW1.
This column view is used when we do the data preview of calculation view.

Question 2.

What is the difference between Activate and Redeploy?

Answer

Activate - Deploys the inactive objects.

Redeploy - Deploys the active objects in one of the following scenarios:

If your runtime object gets corrupted or deleted, and you want to create
it again.

In case of runtime problems during object activation, and the object

status is still active.
Question 3.

How do we control row-level access in HANA?

Answer

Analytic privilege can be used to maintain row-level access. It is used to

grant different users access to different portions of data in the same view
depending on their business role.

Question 4.

What is the importance of _SYS_BI_CP_ALL analytic privilege?

Answer _

SYS_BI_CP_ALL analytical privilege gives access to read from all

information model views. We can control this by creating our own analytical
privileges and assigning it to only the views that a user should be reporting
against and at the level they want to view data.

If a user has the _SYS_BI_CP_ALL Analytic Privilege assigned all other

restrictions are ignored. This is generally used for developer roles.

Question 5.

Suppose we want to give minimum authorization to end users so that they

can only see the output of modeling views. The users should not be able to
perform any other activities. What are the privileges that should be
assigned to user?

Answer

We need to assign following privileges:

 Read access to the package containing modeling view

Execute & Select access on _SYS_BI

Execute & Select access on _SYS_BIC

Execute on REPOSITORY_REST

Question 6.

What are the types of schema in HANA?

Answer

In HANA, there are 3 types of schemas

User Defined Schema: These are created by user (DBA or System

Administrator)

SLT Derived Schema: When SLT is configured, it creates schema in HANA

system. All the tables replicated into HANA system are contained in this
schema

System Defined Schema: These schemas are delivered with the SAP
HANA database and contain HANA system information. There are system
schemas like _SYS_BIC, _SYS_BI, _SYS_REPO, _SYS_STATISTICS etc.

Question 7.

If tables of a schema are used to build modeling views then its necessary to
grant SELECT privilege to user _SYS_REPO. Why?

Answer If tables of a schema (say SCHEMA_ABC) are used to build

modeling views, then following SQL statement must be executed before
activating any such modeling views.

GRANT SELECT ON SCHEMA SCHEMA_ABC TO _SYS_REPO WITH GRANT

OPTION
Think of _SYS_REPO as "the activation guy". It takes your models and
creates the necessary runtime objects from them. Therefore user
_SYS_REPO needs the allowance to select YOUR tables/views. (If
_SYS_REPO user cannot select on the tables specified in the from-clause of
the view-definition, it cannot define that view)

If other users need to select this view (obviously this is always the case,
otherwise the views would not make sense), then _SYS_REPO needs to have
the additional allowance to grant the select further (WITH GRANT
OPTION).

Therefor after having activated all your models that access data in your
schemas, _SYS_REPO wants to give you (and probably other users) read
access to the activated models.

Question 8.

What is Auto Documentation feature in HANA?

Answer When the user creates Views in HANA Studio under Contents, he
can automatically generate the documentation about the views. This
generated document will have the details about all the view belongs to a
package which he selected for Auto Documentation.

The user can invoke the Auto Documentation from three places.
Right click Context menu of the Package or the Views
On the top right corner of the opened view
Quick Launch->Content->Auto Documentation

Question 9.

What is the difference among Raw Data, Distinct values and Analysis while
doing the Data Preview?
Answer

Raw Data: It displays all attributes along with data in tabular format.

Distinct Values: It displays all attributes along with data in graphical format.

Analysis: It displays all attributes and measures in graphical format.

Question 10.

What is Hierarchy? What are the types of hierarchy supported in HANA?

Answer Hierarchies are used to structure and define the relationships

among attributes in a modeling view.

Organizations define hierarchies for information classification, allowing roll-

up and drill-down analysis. For example, a sales organization might allocate
a sales person to a country and a country to a region. Sales data can then
be aggregated and analyzed by region, country, or sales person.

There are two types of hierarchies:

Level Hierarchies are hierarchies that are rigid in nature, where the root
and the child nodes can be accessed only in the defined order. For example,
organizational structures, and so on.

Parent/Child Hierarchies are value hierarchies, that is, hierarchies derived

from the value of a node. For example, a Bill of Materials (BOM) contains
Assembly and Part hierarchies, and an Employee Master record contains
Employee and Manager data. The hierarchy can be explored based on a
selected parent; there are also cases where the child can be a parent.

Question 11.

What are the different types of replication techniques?

Answer There are 3 types of replication techniques:

1. SAP Landscape Transformation (SLT)

2. SAP Business Objects Data Services (BODS)

3. SAP HANA Direct Extractor Connection (DXC)

Note: There is one more replication technique called Sybase replication. It

was part of initial offering for HANA replication, but not positioned /
supported anymore due to licensing issues and complexity and mostly
because SLT provides the same features.

Question 12.

What is SLT?

Answer

The SAP Landscape Transformation (LT) Replication Server is the SAP

technology that allows us to load and replicate data in real-time from SAP
source systems and non-SAP source systems to an SAP HANA environment.

The SAP LT Replication Server uses a trigger-based replication approach to

pass data from the source system to the target system.

Question 13.

What is the advantage of SLT replication?

Answer

Advantages:
SAP LT uses trigger based approach. Trigger-based approach has no
measureable performance impact in source system.
It provides transformation and filtering capability.
 It allows real-time (and scheduled) data replication, replicating only
relevant data into HANA from SAP and non-SAP source systems.
It is fully integrated with HANA Studio.
Replication from multiple source systems to one HANA system is
allowed, also from one source system to multiple HANA systems.

Question 14.

Is it possible to use a replication for multiple sources and target SAP HANA
systems?

Answer Yes, the SAP LT Replication Server supports both 1:N replication
and and N:1 replication.

Multiple source system can be connected to one SAP HANA system.

One source system can be connected to multiple SAP HANA systems.

Limited to 1:4 only.

Question 15.

Is there any pre-requisite before creating the configuration and replication?

For SAP source systems:

Answer

DMIS add-on must be installed in SLT replication server.

An RFC connection between the SAP source system and the SAP LT
Replication Server has to be established.
User for RFC connection must have the role IUUC_REPL_REMOTE
assigned.
Do not use a DDIC user for RFC connection.
For non-SAP source systems:
DMIS add-on is not required.
 A database user has to be created with appropriate authorizations in
advance and establish the database connection by using transaction
DBCO in the SAP LT Replication Server.
Ensure the database-specific library components for the SAP 7.20 REL
or EXT kernel are installed in the SAP LT Replication Server.

Question 16.

What is Configuration and Monitoring Dashboard?

Answer

It is an application that runs on SLT replication server to specify

configuration information (such as source system, target system, and
relevant connections) so that data can be replicated.

It can also use it to monitor the replication status (transaction LTR).

Status Yellow: It may occur due to triggers which are not yet created
successfully.
Status Red: It may occur if master job is aborted (manually in
transaction SM37).

Question 17.

What is advanced replication settings (transaction IUUC_REPL_CONT)?

Answer The Advanced Settings (transaction IUUC_REPL_CONT) allows you

to define and change various table settings for a configuration such as:

Partitioning and structure changes for target tables in HANA

Table-specific transformation and filter rules

Adjusting the number of jobs (and reading type) to accelerate the

load/replication process
Question 18.

What is Latency?

Answer It is the length of time to replicate data (a table entry) from the
source system to the target system.

Question 19.

What is logging table?

Answer A table in the source system that records any changes to a table
that is being replicated. This ensures that SLT replication server can
replicate these changes to the target system.

Question 20

What are the system requirements for HANA studio?

Answer

Java JRE 1.6 or 1.7 must be installed to run the SAP HANA studio. The Java
runtime must be specified in the PATH variable. Make sure to choose the
correct Java variant for installation of SAP HANA studio:

For a 32-bit installation, choose a 32-bit Java variant.

For a 64-bit installation, choose a 64-bit Java variant.

Question 21.

How to add new HANA system in HANA studio?

Answer
In order to connect to a SAP HANA system we need to know the Server
Host ID and the Instance Number. Also we need a Username & Password
combination to connect to the instance.

The left side Navigator space shows all the HANA system added to the SAP
HANA Studio.

Steps to add new HANA system:

1. Right click in the Navigator space and click on Add System

2. Enter HANA system details, i.e. the Hostname & Instance Number and
click Next.

3. Enter the database username & password to connect to the SAP HANA
database. Click on Next and then Finish.4. The SAP HANA system now
appears in the Navigator.

Question 22

Does 32 bit version of HANA client work with SAP HANA repository and
SAP HANA Development perspective?

Answer There is no 32 bit version of the repository client.

If you want to make use of the repository integration features, for example,
in the Project Explorer view in the SAP HANA Development perspective,
you must install the 64 bit version of the repository client.

Question 23

How can we set path to the repository client in HANA Studio?

Answer

In SAP HANA studio, choose Window > Preferences > SAP HANA
Development > Repository Access
 Choose Browse and enter the path to the SAP HANA client
executable, regi.exe. For example, C:Program
Filessaphdbclientregi.exe
Choose Apply to enable the new setting.
Choose OK to save the settings.

Question 24

How to start HANA Studio in Linux?

Answer To start the SAP HANA studio, perform the following steps:

Open a shell and go to the installation directory, such as

/usr/sap/hdbstudio

Execute the following command ./hdbstudio. The SAP HANA studio

starts.

To set the path to the repository client

In SAP HANA studio, choose Window Preferences SAP HANA

Development Repository Access

Choose Browse to enter the path to the SAP HANA client executable,
regi. For example, /usr/sap/hdbclient

Choose Apply to enable the new setting.

Choose OK to save the settings.

Question 25

What is SAP HANA XS Engine?

Answer

XS Engine is a JavaScript application server based on the Mozilla

SpiderMonkey engine. The main idea of SAP HANA XS is to embed a full
featured application server, web server, and development environment
within the SAP HANA appliance itself.

Important points about SAP HANA XS:

XS is a Small footprint application server / web server.

It is the basis for an application development platform inside SAP
HANA.
It simplifies architecture and lowers the TCO (total cost of operation).
It provides easy access to SAP HANA database via HTTP-based
consumption

Question 26

What is the purpose of xsaccess file in HANA XS project?

Answer

The application-access (.xsaccess) file enables you to specify who or what is

authorized to access the content exposed by the application package and
what content they are allowed to see.

The application-access file does not have a name before the dot (.); it only
has the file extension .xsaccess. The contents of the .xsaccess file must be
formatted according to JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) rules.

Example of .xsaccess file:

"exposed" : true,

"authentication" : { "method" : "Form"}

Question 27
How can we create a job and schedule it in HANA?

Answer

With the help of XSJob file, we can run a service (for example, an XS
JavaScript or a SQLScript) at a scheduled interval.

We first need to define the service either in XSJS or in SQLScript procedure.

Then we can create XSJob file and mention the service details along with
time interval. Finally from HANA Admin tool we can activate the job.

Question 28

How can we create an XSODATA service which only allows to read data but
prevents any INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE operation?

Answer

This can be done with the forbidden command. For example:

service {

"mySchema"."myTable" as "MyTable"

create forbidden

update forbidden

delete forbidden;

Question 29

What is benefit of XOData compared to XSJS?

Answer In HANA XSOData, there is a OData framework which provide

many functionalities and we only need to provide details like data source,
association etc. This is very helpful for developers as coding effort is almost
zero. OData framework also takes care of security aspects like SQL
injection, XSRF etc.

While in XSJS, we need to code everything our own. This results into more
coding effort. We also need to take care of security aspects, performance
etc.

Question 30

Is it possible to call an external service from Internet in XS application? If

yes, then how?

Answer

Yes, we can call an external service from Internet. This can be achieved
with HTTP Destination (xshttpdest).

We first need to create an HTTP Destination file and provide the details of
external service along with other security and proxy details. Then we can
call this destination from XSJS using $.net.http.readDestination API.

Question 31

What are the different Web-based tools available in HANA XS? How do we
access them?

Answer

There are mainly 4 XS Web-based tools.

Editor: Inspect, create, change, delete and activate SAP HANA

repository objects.
Catalog: Create, edit, execute and manage SQL catalog artifacts in
the SAP HANA database.
Security: Manage users and roles.
Trace: View and download SAP HANA trace files and set trace levels
(for example, info, error, debug).
 The URL to access these tools is:
http://<WebServerHost>:80<SAPHANAinstance>/sap/hana/xs/ide

Question 32

What is HANA CDS? What are the artifacts we can create using CDS?

Answer

Core Data Services (CDS) artifacts are design-time definitions. When CDS
file is activated, it generate runtime objects.

CDS can be used to create following database artifacts:

Create a table (entity)

Create an SQL views
Create an association between entities or views
Create a user-defined structured type

Question 33

What is the file extension of XSJS library?

Answer

File extension of XSJS library is .xsjslib

Question 34

Can we call an HTTP destination from an XSJS if HTTP destination is in a

different package?

Answer

No.
We must keep the HTTP destination configuration in the same package as
the application that uses it. An application cannot reference an HTTP
destination configuration that is located in another application package.

Question 35

Can we call an xsjslib from another XS project?

Answer

Yes. XSJS library (xsjslib) can be called from another XS project or another
package.

Question 36

Suppose we want to create an XS application and want to make it public.

User should not need any HANA database user to access this application. Is
it possible? If yes, how?

Answer

In .xsaccess file, we can set the authentication to null. After this anyone can
open the application without user id and password.

Question 37

How to perform backup and recovery operations?

Answer
 During a regular operation, data is by default stored to the disk at
savepoints in SAPHANA. As soon a there is any update and transaction, logs
become active and get saved from the disk memory. In case of power
failure, the database restarts like any other DB returning to the last
savepoint log state. SAP HANA requires backup to protect against disk
failure and reset DB to the previous state. The backups simultaneously as
the users keep performing their tasks.

Question 38

What are Transformation rules?

Answer

A rule specified in the Advanced Replication settings transaction for source

tables such that data is transformed during the replication process.
Example you can specify rule to

Question 39

What are the supported platforms for HANA studio?

Answer The SAP HANA studio runs on the Eclipse platform 3.6. We can use
the SAP HANA studio on the following platforms:

Microsoft Windows x32 and x64 versions of: Windows XP, Windows Vista,
Windows 7

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server SLES 11: x86 64-bit version

Note: For Mac OS, HANA studio is available but there is no HANA client for
that.