UGEA2263

Introductory Electromagnetics

Lecturer: Dr. Yeong Kee Choon

Office : E124R
H/P : 012-5121652
Email : yeongkc@utar.edu.my

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 What is Electromagnetism?
Electromagnetic (EM) force is one of the four
fundamental forces in the universe.
EM force comes from EM waves. But we will
not study EM waves in this course.
What is an EM wave and how does it relate to
electric and magnetic fields? Understand this,
youll understand better what this course is
about.

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 What is Electromagnetism?
Electro-magnet-ism (or electromagnetics) is the
study of electric and magnetic fields as they exist
independently (this course) or when they co-exist
in an electromagnetic wave (next course).
E(x, z, t)
In EM wave, electric field is
in x-z plane and magnetic
field in y-z plane
z Diagram for info only,
no need to remember
for this course

B(y, z, t) z 3
 What is Electromagnetism?
In EM wave, the E-field and B-field vary
with distance and time.
E(x, z, t) Diagram for info only,
no need to remember
for this course

z
B(y, z, t)

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 What is electromagnetism?
In this course, we dont study EM waves. We will
not study electric and magnetic fields when they
co-exist together. Instead, we will study the
fields as they exist separately.

Electric field: produced by static electric charges

Magnetic field: produced by electric charges
moving in uniform velocity (or electric current)
EM wave: produced by accelerating electric
charges
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Introductory Electromagnetics
In this trimester, you will study
Vector algebra and vector calculus in 3D
as revision and more
How to use vector calculus to calculate
forces and fields
Static electric (electrostatic) and
magnetic (magnetostatic) fields, i.e.,
fields that do not change with time.
The fields may change in space
(distance) but not in time 6
 Introductory Electromagnetics
In this trimester, you will study
A word of caution. Mathematics is a tool to
understand natural phenomena.
It is common to worry about the mathematics
and miss out on the concepts (assumptions and
results).
After you read a section in the notes or solved a
problem, go back and look for any important
concepts.

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 Revision
1. What is THE main difference between an
electric field and a magnetic field?
An electric field can be an open or closed loop
but a magnetic field is always a closed loop.
2. Can a static or stationary electric charge
produce a magnetic field? No.
3. How does a magnet produce a magnetic field?
Magnets are made of atoms. Moving (orbiting)
electrons in each atom produce a tiny magnetic
field. In magnets, atoms are aligned along a
common line so the atoms magnetic fields add
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up and become very strong.
 Revision
4. If a medium has r = 5 and r = 1, what can you
say about the electrical and magnetic properties
of the material?
The medium is a dielectric (not free space)
since r 1 and is non-magnetic since r = 1.
5. If a medium has r = 2 and r = 5, what can you
say about the properties of the material?
It is not free space and is magnetic.
6. Given the following: electric force, electric field,
and electric potential. Which is not a vector?
Electric potential 9
 Revision
7. Does a magnetic monopole exist?
No. It is an unsolved mystery. A magnet has south
and north poles - which forms a magnetic dipole. A
magnetic charge (or monopole) does not exist in
nature unlike an electric charge.

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 Basic ideas
q1q2 q1
F12 q2 E1 r where E1 r
4r122 12
4r12
2 12

Charge q1 generates a field E1 and acts on q2

q1q2 q2
F21 q1 E2 r where E2 r
4r212 21
4r21
2 21

Charge q2 generates a field E2 and acts on q1

r12 = r21. By N3L, |F| = q1|E2| = q2|E1|
For a given electric field, no force is exerted on
the object if it is uncharged.
Each formula has a corresponding diagram. 11
 Basic ideas
F21 = q1E2

q1 vector
position vector
z r12 = r2 r1
r1
q2
r2
F12 = q2E1
y
O
Note: r21 = r1 r2
x
So, r12 = -r21 12
 Basic ideas

Note how x is
measured between
the spherical charges
from their centers

If q1 = +q, q2 = +q or q1 = -q, q2 = -q,

F = +q2/4x2 F > 0 denotes a repulsive force
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 Basic ideas

If q1 = -q, q2 = +q or q1 = +q, q2 = -q,

F = -q2/4x2 F < 0 denotes an attractive force
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 Basic ideas
Lorentz force F = q(E + vB)
Force exerted on a charged particle q by an
external electric field E (from another source) and
magnetic field B.
If magnetic field B = 0, FE = qE. Or ma = qE. A
charged particle q will accelerate in the same
direction as the direction of the electric field. For
example, if E = E0 ax, then the charged particle
moves in the x-direction in straight line.

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 Basic ideas
If there is no electric field E = 0, then FB = qvB. The
force exerted on the charged particle is perpendicular
to its velocity v. The charged particle moves in a
circle due to the magnetic field.
If both E and B exist, the charged particle moves in a
spiral because the resultant force is F = FE + FB.
Draw a diagram for Lorentz force.

Let v = v ax and B = B ay. Then,

FB = vB ax ay = vB az

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 Basic ideas
N Note that E and
B are uniform,
+ i.e., they are
constant and do
+ not change with
distance. The
E
+ direction of E
and B are also
+ perpendicular to
v each other.
+ q
B
+
S 17
 Course Objectives
Introduce ways of describing (physical
concept) and quantifying (mathematics)
electric field with related parameters in
electrostatics
Introduce ways of describing and
quantifying magnetic field with related
parameters in magnetostatics

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 Learning Outcomes
Analyze and determine electric fields in
electrostatic applications in both free space
and dielectric medium
Solve boundary value problems involving
electrostatic fields
Analyze and determine magnetic fields in
magnetostatic applications
Solve problems involving magnetic forces
and devices that are magnetic
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 Time Table
Tutorial: Starts Week 4 (5)
Group 1 even week (from Wk 4)
Group 2 odd week (from Wk 5)

Lab: To be announced (2)

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 Consultation Hour

Best to call or SMS me first to confirm that

Im in.
Make good use of it to clear your doubts
about the subject. Its already paid for so
feel free to ask

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 Assessment

MidTest 1 (Dr. Yeong KC) 15%

MidTest 2 (Dr. Toh PL) 15%
Lab Report (2) (group) 10%
Final Examination 60%

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 Topics to be covered
1. Vector algebra
2. Coordinate system & transformation
3. Vector calculus
4. Electrostatic fields
5. Electric fields in material space
6. Electrostatic boundary value problems
7. Magnetostatic fields
8. Magnetic forces, materials and devices

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 Recommended Books

1. Matthew N.O. Sadiku, Elements of

Electromagnetics
2. Clayton R. Paul, Electromagnetics for
Engineers with Applications
3. Fawwaz T. Ulaby, Electromagnetics for
Engineers

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 Recommended Books

Texts / references are optional.

You are not required to buy any
texts
You may borrow from library
Complete notes are given

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 Lastly,

Materials in these slides

will not be assessed.

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