The ten principles

Gayatri Mantra

A tribute

June 6, 2017

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- Hindi

- Swara - VOWELS -

aa

e

ee

oo

ri

ai

ou

ang

ah

----------- - Wyanjan - Consonant -------------- - Matra

ka

kha

ga

gha

nga

cha

chha

ja

jha

nya

ta

tha

da

dha

arha

ta

tha

da

dha

na

pa

pha

ba

bha

ma

:1

ek

:2

do

:3

teen

:4

chaar

:5

Paanch

:6

chhaha

:7

saat

:8

aath

:9
now

:10

das

ya

ra

la

wa

sja

sha

sa

ha

ksha

tra

jyna

rh

aa

- Maataa

- Pitaa

ee

- Seetaa

- Putra

oo

- Jootaa

ri

- Amrit

- Kelaa

ai
 - Maidaan

- Bol

ou

- Mousaa

ang

- Jangal

ah

- Duahkha

Take it easy - don't let the learning of Hindi stress you out, relax now and then by blowing some bubbles.

More English Hindi and meaning

Contents

Vowels

Consonants

Present Tense

Excercises 1

Word & Meaning 1

Present Indefinite

Excercises 2

Present Indefinite (contd)

Present Continous

Simple Future

Note: Site is presently under construction

Contents

Hindi Numerals
Present Tense

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Present tense is formed with the help of the different forms of (honaa). The present tense of has two forms.

- to be

1st Form

Singular -

Plural -

1st P.

2nd P.

3rd P.

(Mai hoo) I am

(Too hai) Thou art

(Waha hai) He is

(Waha hai) She is

 (Ham hai) We are

(Tum ho) You are

(Aap hai) You are

(Way hai) They are

Remember

(i) (aap) is the honoric form of (tum). It is used to show respect. Use it for elders and strangers.

(ii) Use (hoon) with (main), and (ho) with (tum).

(iii) Don't forget the dots. They change singular into plural.

(iv) With the nouns laways use Third Person verbs in singular and plural.

Exercise 1 -

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(1) Use correct verbs in the blanks:

. ...... . ......

. ...... . ......

. ...... . ......

. ...... . ......

(2) Put the correct subject:

Subjects to be used: , , , , , , .

. ......... . .........

. ......... . .........

. ......... . .........

. ........... . ......... ?

(3) Translate into English:

. . .
. . .

. . .

? ? ?

(4) Translate into Hindi:

1. I am a man. 2. You are a student.

3.She is my sister. 4. He is sick.

5. They are thieves 6. This is my house.

7. We are friends. 8. Those poems are good.

9. That is a big table. 10. These books are costly.

How to translate: The order of words:

(a) The subject comes first.

(b) The verb comes last.

(c) A qualifying workd is placed just before the word it qualifies.

(d)Nominative adjectives (the words qualifying the subject) used predicatively (placed after the ver in English) are placed
after the subject.

Example:

(c) (a) (b) (c)

This

(yaha) horse

(ghora) is

(hai) black

(kaalaa)

This horse is black -

Words & Meaning 1 -

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Hindi Gender Eng.trans Meaning Hindi Gender Eng.trans Meaning

m. s. Chhotaa small f. s.& p. chhotee small

m. p. chhotay small chaalaak clever

f. larkee a girl m. s. larkaa a boy

m. p. larkay boys beemaar sick

yaha this waha that

f. kitaab a book kahaa where

kown who kyaa what

bure bad kharaab bad

m. s. noukar servant(s) Khush glad

m. s. baraa big m. p. bare big

f. s. & p baree big m. s.& p. aadamee man/men

kaise how f. aurat a woman

f. mayza table m. chaparaasee a peon

m. adhyaapak a teacher f. kalam a pen

m. vidhyaarthi student f. vidhyaarthini student

F. bahin sister m. chor theives

, , meraa, mere, meree my m. ghar house

, m. dost, mitra friends way those

, (), () ach-chha, (chhe), (chhee) good ye these

keematee costly paanee water

N.B. - Adjectives ending in (aa) change in (ay) when they qualify a masculine noun in plural and into (ee) when
they qualify a feminine noun in singular or plural, e.g.

A good man - (achchha aadamee) - - - good men - (achchhay aadamee).

A good woman - (achchhee ourat) - - - good women - (achchhee ouratay). M (m) Masculine
------3rd P - third Person

F (f) - Feminie ----------S or s - Singular

Ist P - First Person------P or p - Plural

2nd P - Second Person

Present Indefinite Tense -

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(honaa) - to be

2nd Form

To have this form:

(i) get the present participle to the verb. The present participle is formed by adding

(taa) to the root of the verb in masculine singular

(te) to the root of the verb in masculine plural

(tee) to the root of the verb in feminine singular and plural.

Te root of the verb is got by dropping (naa) from the infinitive. Hindi infinitive ends in (naa).

(ii)Use with this present participle the first form of (honaa) as the helping verb.

Illustration -

Infinitive Root Present Participle Helping verb Tense



(honaa)

(ho) , ,

(hotaa, hotay, hotee) , , ,

(hai, hain, ho, huun) , , etc.(hotaa hai, hotay hain, etc.)

Full conjugation of (honaa)

Singular ()

Plural ()

1st Person

(m.) I am becomes (m.) We are

(f.) I am becomes (f.) We are

2nd P.

(m.) Thou art (m.) You are

(f.) Thou art (f.) You are

(m.) You are

(f.) You are

3rd P.

(m.) He is (m.) They are

(f.) She is (f.) They are.

English sentences, having 'is' and 'are' as the chief verbs, may be translated into Hindi in two ways, using the two forms
of (honaa) given above.

The Correct way of using the two forms:

(a) , , etc. are used when something is said about,

(i) a particular individual fact: e.g.

The earth is round.

(ii)an action which took place only once: e.g.

The boy is sick.

(iii) an individual out of a group: e.g.

This cow is black.

(b) , , etc. are used when something is said,

(i)about some universal truth, e.g.

A planet is round.

(ii) about an action which take place often, e.g.

The boy is often sick.

(iii) about a group in general. e.g.

Some cows are black.

Explanation:

() Some cows are black.

() Some cows are black.

The 'cows' in the first sentence are the black cows amongst the other cows of different colours. The second sentence says
about the colour of some cows in the world which are black.

Excercise II (

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(1)Supply the correct verb, using either (hai), (hain), etc. or (hotaa hai), (hotay hain), etc. and translate
into English.

. ............. . ..............

. ............. . .............

. .............. .

. ............ . ............

. .............. ...........

(2) Translate into Hindi: ( )

1. A sea is deep. 2. Some men are very honest.

3. Why are you often absent? 4. The dog is an animal.

5. These are good boys. 6. The dog is a faithful animal.

7. Hair is black. 8. Bones are hard.

9. My servants are industrious 10. Some girls are very naughty

11. A good boy is truthful. 12. This elephant is very big.

Words & Meaning 2 - -

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Hindi Gender Eng.trans Meaning Hindi Gender Eng.trans Meaning

m. Gaind a ball gol round

m. aam mango chaalaak sweet

m. totaa a parrot haraa green

m. samudra sea khaaraa salty

m. paanee water kaa of

m. aakaash sky neelaa blue

m. koyalaa coal kaalaa black

 m. shahar city kachchaa raw

khattaa sour m. patthar stone

. karaa hard f. aag fire

bahut very garam hot

gaharaa deep kuchh some

, () eemaanadaar, sachchaa (ay) honest Kyon why

, aksar/bahudhaa often

gairahaajir

anupasthita absent

ye these m. kuttaa dog

m. jaanwar animal

waphaadaar

swaamibhakt faithful

m. waal hair f. hadiyaa bones

karaa hard , mehanatee, parishtramee industrious

f. larkiyaan girls natkhat naughty

yaha this m. haathee Elephant

Present Indefinite Tense Contd.>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Present Indifinite Tense II.(contd.)

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To form this tense with other verbs:

(i) add , and to the root of the verb to get the present participle. (See Present Indefinite tense I)

(ii) with the present participle so formed, use the first form of (honaa), namely , , etc. as the helping verb.
For example:

(jaanaa) - to go

Infinitive Root Pres. Part. Help verb Tense

(jaanaa)

(jaa) , ,

(jaataa, jaate, Jaatee) , , etc.

(huun, hai, etc.) , , etc.

jaataa huun, jaataa hai, etc.

Full conjugation of

(jaanaa)

P. Singular - () Plural - ()

1st (m.) Mai jaataa huun - I go.

(f.) Mai jaatee huun - I go. (m.) Ham jaate hain - We go.

(f.) Ham jaatee hain - We go.

2nd (m.) Too jaataa hai - Thou goest

(f.) Too jaatee hai - Thou goest (m.) Tum jaate ho - You go.

(m.) Aap jaate hain - You go.

(f.) Tum jaatee ho - You go.

(f.) Aap jaatee hain - You go.

3rd (m.) Wah jaataa hai - He goes.

(f.) Wah jaatee hai - She goes. (m.) Way jaate hain - They go.

(f.) Way jaatee hain - They go.

Important:

(a) In Hindi, the very changes according to the number as well as the gender.

(b) When the subject is a noun, use third person verbs as singular and plural.

(c) Always use the third person plural verb with (aap) e.g.

Where do you sit? (Aap kahaan baithtay hain)?

Never say (Aap kahaa baithte ho)

Excercise - 3 ( - ) (contd.)

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(1) Write the present Indefinite Tense of the verbs in the brackets:

. __________ () . ___________ ()

. ___________ () . _________ ()

. __________ () . _________ ()

. _________ () . ________ ()

. ________ () . ________ ()

. ________ () . ________ ()

. ________ () . ________ ()

. ________ () . _________ ()

. _________ () . ________ ( )

. _________ ( ) . _______ ( )

(2) Translate into English: ( )

. . ? . .
. . .

. . ? .

Translate into Hindi: ( )

1. I go home daily. 2. This boy runs fast. 3. The teacher sits in the chair.

4. We write on paper. 5. Where do you sleep at night? 6. She does not sing well. 7. Who rings the bell?

8. They learn Hindi in the school. 9. Why do you close the door?

10. Do you (hon.) know his name? 11. This student reads very slowly. 12. My sister buys a newspaper every day.

How to translate: the order of words:

(a) Adverbs of place or nouns denoting place come after the adverb of time.

(b) The questioning word is usually placed just before the verb; but, if the sentence is negative, it is placed before
which must remain nearest to the verb.

(c) Whe a verb is split to form a questioning or a negative sentence in English then the helping very is not translated into
Hindi, e.g.,

Do you go home daily? ? or He does not go home daily. In the above

sentences "do" and "does" have not been separately translated.

(d) If a sentence in the present indefinite tense is negative, the helping verb is usually not used in Hindi. e.g.,
Here "" is not used.

(e) In English, the prepositions come before the nouns or pronouns, but in Hindi the words for prepositions come after the
nouns or pronouns, e.g., in the house

(f) Whe a questioning sentence is formed in English by putting a verb or a part of a verb in the beginning of the sentence
then shoud be kept in the beginning of the Hindi sentence, e.g.

(1) Is this your book? ?

(2) Do you know him? ?

Example (:

Why don't you bathe in the river daily?

...a......... ....c.....b.........d

Hindi Gender Eng.trans Meaning Hindi Gender Eng.trans Meaning

khelanaa to play naachanaa to dance

gaanaa to sing hasanaa to laugh

douranaa to run likhanaa to write

chigharanaa to trumpet sonaa to sleep

m. shera lion m. soura bull

m. aakaash pig f. gaaya cow

f. bhera sheep m. kute dogs

f. raat night bhookana to bark

m. kamraa a room f. chiriyaa a bird

m. geedara a jackal m. ghoraa a horse

m. Saapa snake m. murgaa a cock

f. koyal indian cuckoo dahaaranaa to roar

hakaaranaa to bellow kikiaanaa to shriek, to screech

balbalaanaa to gurgle (of a camel) rabhaanaa

anupasthita to low

mimiyaanaa to bleat chahakanaa to chirp

huaanaa to howl hinahinaanaa

swaamibhakt to neigh

phuphakaaranaa to hiss baag denaa to crow

 kookanaa to coo f. subhaha morning

f. larkiyaan girls uthanaa to rise, to get up

kab when teja fast

nahee not f. shaam evening

m. sooraj sun m. poorab the east

uganaa to rise padhanaa to read

m. bhaee brother f. paathashaalaa school

kahaa where rahanaa to live

kabhee nahee never achchaa well

kown who bazaanaa to ring

m. ghantaa bell seekhanaa to see

ban karnaa to close m. darawaajaa door

jaananaa to know usakaa his

m. ghar house roza daily

baithanaa to sit , m. adhyaapak/shikashka teacher

may in f. kursee chair

par on m. kaagaj paper

likhanaa to write f. raat night

m. naam name padhanaa to read

bahut very dheere slowly

f. bahin sister khareedanaa/mol lenaa to buy

- m. akhabaar/samaachaar-patra newspaper har/prati every

m. diin day m. haathee Elephant

<<<<<<<<<<<<<< Back to Vowels and consonants---------Present Continuous >>>>>>>>>>>>>

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Present Continous -

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To form this tense:

(i) add to the root of a verb

in masculine gender

in musculine plural

in feminine singular and plural.

(ii) with the verb so formed, use the Ist form of as the helping verb.

For example:

Infinitive Root Verb formed Helping verb Tense

, , etc. , , etc. ,

, etc.

Full conjunction of

Masculine Gender

Singular () Plural ()

. . I am going We are going

.. Thou art going You are going

You are going

. . He is going They are going

Feminine Gender

. .* I am going We are going

. .* Thou art going You are going

You are going

. .* She is going They are going

N.B. has been used after to show respect.

. . = First Person

. . = Second Person

. . = Third Person

Note:- The present indefinite Tense of verbs, that is , etc. is also occasionally used in this tense.

Excercises ()

(i) Complete the sentences, using this tense of the verbs in the brackets.

. ---------- () . ---------()

. --------- () . -------- ()

. --------- () . --------- ()

. --------- () . --------- ()

. --------- () . -------- ()

Translate into English: ( )

. .

. .
. .

. .

. ? . ?

Translate into Hindi: ( )

1. The passengers are boarding the train. 2. The porters are carrying luggage.

3. Some persons are coming out from the compartments. 4. The booking-clerk is issuing tickets to the passengers.

5. Why are you pulling the chain? 6. The guard is waving the greeen flag.

7. My friends are playing foot-ball. 8. She is buying a pen.

9. The shop-keeper is selling books. 10. We are eating ripe guavas.

Hindi Gender Eng.trans Meaning Hindi Gender Eng.trans Meaning

karnaa to do m. shera lion

m. jangal forest garjanaa to roar

m. kapraa clothes seenaa to sow

m. gehoon wheat peesanaa to grind

m. ghoraa horse m. kheta field

m. hinhinaanaa to neigh f. rotee bread

khaanaa to eat m. maidaan field

khelnaa to play kuchha some

m. loga people / m. musaaphir/yaatree passengers

chardhanaa to board f. relhaaree train

m. kulee porters / dhonaa/le jaanaa to carry

/ f./m. gatharee/bojhaa luggage m. loga persons

aanaa to come baahar out

say from m. dabbaa

anupasthita compartment

dabbo main say from the compartments - ticket-baboo

booking-clerk

ticket denaa

ticket baatanaa to issue tickets khela

swaamibhakt to play

dekhanaa to see m. ganit arithmetic

padhaanaa to teach m. phaatak gate

m. gol a goal rakhawaalee to watch, to protect

m. bachche children m. emalaa dictation

f. ghoree mare charnaa graze

f. chiriyaan birds m. aakaash sky

uranaa to fly chhinnaa to snatch

ko to kheechanaa to pull

f. jaijaar chain m. gaarda guard

kabhee nahee never hilaanaa wave

kown who haraa green

f. jhandee flag / m. mitra/dost friends

m. phuta baal foot ball f. kalam pen

f. dookaandaar shop-keeper bechanaa to sell

pakaa ripe m. amarooda guavas

baithanaa to sit , m. adhyaapak/shikashka teacher

may in f. kursee chair

 par on m. kaagaj paper

likhanaa to write f. raat night

m. naam name padhanaa to read

bahut very dheere slowly

f. bahin sister khareedanaa/mol lenaa to buy

- m. akhabaar/samaachaar-patra newspaper har/prati every

m. diin day m. haathee Elephant

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Simpe Future -

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To form th following terminations are used with the root of a verb, if the root ends in vowel-sign like .

Singular Plural

(1st Person) . ,

(2nd Person) , , ,

(3rd Person) , , , ,

For example:-

Verb Root Termination applied Tense

, , etc. ,

Full conjugation of

Masculine Gender
Singular () Plural ()

. . I shall go We shall go

. . Thou wilt go You will go

You will go

. . He will go They will go

To get feminine gender change both and into . Note:-

The terminations in bold types are usally added to the roots ending in , e.g. () - He will go.

() - We shall eat.

If the roo ends in as in (drink). (sew) etc., then is changed into before adding the terminations, e.g.
I shall drink. She will sew.

The future tense of (to give) and (to take) is irregular. It is as follows:

N.B. - To get the feminine gender of these verbs, change both and , e.g.

, , etc. - , , etc.

Excercises ()

(1) Use in the blanks the future tense of the verbs.

. ---------- () . ---------()

. --------- () . -------- ()

. --------- () . --------- ()

. --------- () . --------- ()

. --------- () . -------- ()

(2) Use correct subjects in the blanks.

. ------------ . -----------
. ----------- . ----------

. ----------- . -----------

. ----------- . -----------

. ----------- . ----------

Subjects to be used: , , , , , , ,

(3) Translate into English: ( )

. .

. .

. . ?

. .

. .

Translate into Hindi: ( )

1. She will write a letter to her brother. 2. I shall not read this book.

3. What will you buy in the market? 4. They will not give their things to you.

5. We shall not god to school to-day. 6. The gardener will plant trees in the garden.

7. When will you (honorific) eat this ripe mango? 8. The hunter will kill some animals in the forest.

9. The shop-keeper will nt sell his things to you. 10. The farmer will so seeds in the field.

11. She will weigh grains with the scales. 12. How many pages will you copy from the bool?

Full conjugation of

Singular () Plural ()

. . I shall give We shall give

.. Thou wilt give You will give

You will give

. . He will give They will give

is conjugated like

If the root does not end in a vowel-sign, then the first of the above terminations are applied, but only the vowel-signs of
the vowels, as given in the brackets below, are used before and

Singular () Plural ()

. . [ ] [ ]

. . [ ] [ ]

. . [ ] [ ]

For example

Verb Root Termination Applied Tense

, , etc. , etc.

Full conjugation of

Masculine gender

Singular () Plural ()

. . I shall write We shall write

.. Thou wilt write You will write

You will write

. . He will write They will write

Simple Future of

Singular () Plural ()

. . , I shall be , We shall be

.. , Thou wilt be You will be

You will be

. . , He will be , They will be

How to translate: The order of words.

(i) See previous instructions also.

(ii) Put the place first and then the object, e.g.

The fowler will catch birds in the forest.

(iii) When there are two objects, place the indirect object first and the direct object after it, e.g.

I will not give you my cap. -

Word-meaning () More to come..... Oct 2nd 2008