Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CONFIGURAZIONE DELLOPERA
PER LINSEGNANTE
Teachers Book + 2 CD audio per la classe 978-88-530-1508-2
ZONA
CONTENUTI CONTENUTI
COPIA FUORI COMMERCIO LIBRO MISTO LIBROE-BOOK
MISTO E-BOOK MATEMATICA IN CLASSE
INTEGRATIVI INTEGRATIVI INCLASSE
deascuola.it
Banks 70
Additional Exercises 79
Practice Tests 80
Recording Scripts 85
Students Book 86
Language Maximiser 100
Practice Tests 107
Warmer (page 8) 3 Students can work in small groups. After they have
discussed the questions, get different groups to
1 Depending on how much time you have and the level of summarise their discussion for the whole class.
your class, you could add the following extra
information and vocabulary. Picture A is of a medieval
Open answers
knight in a suit of armour. Picture B shows different
strata in rock formation. For pictures C and D you could
use the words microscope, culture dish, artists palette
and brushes. Vocabulary (page 9)
Ask students to work in pairs.
4 Read the introduction to collocations in exercise 4.
A history
1 TOUGH: decision, times, steak, problem
B geography/geology
2 STRONG: wind, woman, influence, argument
C science/chemistry/biology
3 HEAVY: rain, breakfast, metal, week, traffic
D art/painting
5
2 Some students find it much easier than others to find Open answers
the solutions to jumbled-letter tasks. If youd like to give
students a clue, give them the first letter of each word. 6
Students could work in pairs or groups of three. 1A 2D 3C 4B 5B
7
1 law Suggested answers:
2 design (studies) draw a mind map
3 psychology make a poster and put it somewhere where you see it
4 management (studies) every day
5 business (studies)
6 computer science
15
Suggested answers:
1 a 2 a 3 a 4 an 5 a 6 7 A 8 a
Places: kindergarten/nursery school, secondary school, 9 the 10 a 11 a 12 a 13 the 14 the
college, university, polytechnic
School subjects: English, IT, maths, chemistry, physics,
biology, history, geography, art, music, sport, food
technology, technical drawing
Open answers Woman: I must admit that I chose this because you
can earn really good money.
19 Its good practice to try out a task and then to have the Man: Does that mean that you dont really enjoy it?
opportunity to repeat it so that it can be improved. Give Woman: The studies were hard but once I started
lots of praise after this activity because confidence working and building up experience, I began to love it.
plays an important role in speaking. Man: I think, because were both working with
pharmaceutical companies helping them get patents
for new medicines, were doing something worthwhile.
Open answers
Woman: I must admit I wouldnt like to work in a
court making judgements about peoples lives every
day. I much prefer dealing with patent offices.
Listening (page 13) 4 You hear two business students talking about
cultural differences.
2.A
3
A success in education Face: round, square, scarred, wrinkled, freckled, pale,
B artistic success and/or fame narrow, oval, sad
C political success; power Eyes: bright, cold, narrow, sad, oval, almond-shaped
D success in a business career/making money
4
2 Open answers
Open answers
5
3 Hair: cool, curly, trendy, wavy, straight, dyed, permed,
1D 2C 3B 4A 5 No picture represents this idea. lank, bald, greasy, spiky, messy
Clothes: cool, trendy, baggy, shabby, tight, floaty, casual,
scruffy, smart, messy
Vocabulary (page 19)
6 You could do a lead-in activity before this task.
2 Make sure students understand the meanings of the Ask students if they choose clothes to express their
adjectives. It might be useful to have some magazines personality; how important fashion is to them, how
with lots of photos of people in them or photos taken much they know about fashion styles such as Punk,
from the internet for this unit. New Romantics. How would they describe this years
Also be aware of any students who may have issues fashion style?
concerning body image in the class.
10
! Exam Tip!
encouraged them to take part in sporting events.
When he first started out, adult resident coaches didnt
Although there is no right or wrong way of approaching expect him to have an easy time but all the children
this task, many students find skimming the base text respected him, followed his instructions, and didnt play
first and then skimming the options A-H helps them be around. He also gave advice on what games were
aware of the text as a whole. They can then go through suitable for the disabled youngsters and along the way
each option carefully and highlight clues in each option became a computer expert. Last year, he went to college
and in the text which help them find the correct option. to qualify in computer science and he intends to take part
For example, That is a very long time in D refers to travel in the Paralympics in the not too distant future.
for two or three days in the text. When checking
14
answers always ask students how they found the
1 was be
answer. They should do this in the exam too.
2 can could
3 gave give
8 Pre-teach these phrases if necessary: 4 were be
5 became become
to go to great lengths
6 went go
the sticking point
an eventful trip 15
speeding 1 didnt 2 did
a bend in the road
to flag someone down Go through the Frequent Mistakes and ask students to
a fine explain why the wrong sentences are wrong.
next on the agenda
16
1 D 2 E 3 F 4 A 5 B 6 G 1 went, wanted
2 graduated, was
9 Use this as a round-up of the reading task or as 3 didnt enjoy/did not enjoy, was
additional speaking practice. 4 did you say, met
5 got, saw, was
6 did you sail
Open answers
7 didnt give/did not give
8 ate
11
3.A
See page 86 for the students recording script.
shows a specific point in time during the shower when
the mobile rang. Visual learners often find timelines
24
memorable and easy to understand.
Open answers
1 was climbing, had 25 Work through the Exam Strategies and the task. In the
2 wasnt driving/was not driving, happened first strategy, you could add that students should try to
3 went, was/were still clapping think about what type of word would fit the gap, a noun,
4 were running, started an adjective, etc. Perhaps they could try to predict some
5 were you doing, called of the answers too.
6 was thinking, came up with
As a round-up after the exercise, ask students what new
information they discovered from listening to the
Writing (page 23) recording.
1 sheep 2 crops 3 shells 4 tools 5 holes
Refer to the Writing Bank on page 181 of the Students
6 gods 7 leather 8 tax 9 1455 10 white
Book, where there is guidance on how to write an article
and an example of the task.
20 Students should discuss 1 and 2 in small groups. Recording script with answers underlined
Today Im going to give you a brief history of money.
Open answers
As you know, money has always been a symbol of
21 Get students working in pairs. When you have checked success and status, so lets look back and see how it
the answers, point out to students that they now have a all started. The first people didnt buy goods from
good checklist for writing an article. They must make sure other people with what we nowadays consider to be
that their articles include the statements they have ticked. money. They used barter. The barter system is where
you exchange valuable personal possessions for
other goods that you want. From 9,000-6,000 B.C.,
Sentences 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8 are elements of a good article. livestock, such as sheep, were often used as a unit of
22 Emphasise the importance of planning when writing. exchange. This kind of exchange started at the dawn
You could also ask students to write six interesting of civilisation and is still used today. Later, as
words or phrases they can use, such as: agriculture developed, people used crops for barter.
charismatic For example, one farmer could ask another farmer to
inspiring trade a kilo of oranges for a kilo of bananas.
has made a huge difference to my life Moving on to something which is like money as we
led me to believe in myself know it today, in about 1200 B.C. in China, shells
a role model became the first medium of exchange, or money.
to set an example These have served as money throughout history even
to the middle of the 20th century.
In 1,000 B.C., China began to produce mock versions
Suggested answers: out of metal. They can be thought of as the original
1 the editor of an international website development of coins. In addition, tools made of
2 140-190 metal were also used in China as money. From these
3 a description of the person; the reasons why the models, we developed todays round coins that we
person has inspired you use daily. The Chinese coins were usually made out
4 3 or 4 of base metals which had holes in them so that you
5 moreover, in addition, thats why, therefore, finally, could put the coins together in units of ten, for
in conclusion example, to make a chain.
6 Present Simple and Continuous, Present Perfect, In about 500 B.C., pieces of silver were made into
Past Simple and Continuous, future forms the earliest coins. Eventually, they took on the
appearance of todays coins and were imprinted with
23 various gods and emperors to mark their value.
Open answers These coins were then used in Turkey but the
12
13
14
6 If youre short of time, you could set exercises 6 and 7 See page 87 for the students recording script.
for homework.
10 Check that students understand the meaning of thriving
in option B.
carefullylifelesssociable As a pre-listening task, ask students to read options A to
healthinfluentialgovernment H and to discuss in small groups which is the most
successfreedomequal important aspect of society to them and why.
Play the recording once and ask students to compare
7 For further practice, ask students to choose three new
their answers in pairs. Then play it a second time and
words from the table in exercise 5 and to write their own
check the answers as a whole class.
sentences using them.
If you have time, as a post-listening activity, get
students to note the following useful expressions.
1 carelessly 2 health 3 inequality 4 life You could ask them to put them into their own
5 freedom 6 influential sentences.
15
Speaker 5
Ive had a long and rich life. And I dont mean rich in
1 H 2 G 3 B 4 C 5 F
the sense of wealth. I mean that Ive been lucky
11 enough all my life to live in places where democratic
Open answers rights are observed. It may sound as though Im
stating the obvious, but you havent got to go back far
in history to see what I mean. All women only got the
Recording script with answers underlined vote in England in 1929. And how did they get it?
They held rallies, they marched on parliament. You
Speaker 1 ask me what society is? This is what it is the right to
I think whats exciting these days is the feeling that shout for what you believe in from the rooftops.
the whole concept of society is changing; and thats
good. I dont mean we should throw out our traditions
and only embrace everything thats new, but what I
do mean is that we have the opportunity now to see
Grammar (pages 31-32-33)
the world as a whole, to take care of the earth and to At this level, the grammar work should be deductive not
look beyond our immediate surroundings. I know inductive so only refer the students to the grammar on
some people dont like this idea because they think page 35 if you really need to. Otherwise ask them to
well lose our identity but I see it as the society of the study it for homework and to do the exercise.
21st century.
Speaker 2 12
Theres no doubt whatsoever in my mind that the 1 ANo.
hallmark of a civilised society is one where firstly, B We dont know.
education is freely available. Whether a person C The speaker has no news from him.
comes from a deprived background or a privileged 2 Text A:weve hired, weve been travelling,
one, that person has the right to free education, weve been sleeping, weve got
which will allow him or her to make choices in life. Text B: Ive seen, Ive had to, has affected
People should be able to study and work to the best Text C:Ive been, Ive been trying, they have suffered
of their ability and no doors should be closed to Text D: has taken over, have deserted, Ive seen
them because of their background, religion, or 3 1B 2C 3A 4B
ethnicity. I feel really strongly about this. 4 Suggested answers: yet, already, just, ever, never, for,
Speaker 3 since, this is the first time, its the first time
I used to think that society meant knowing where 5 You could, for example, write the question and these
you came from and respecting that. You know, two sentences on the board and ask the students to
wanting to hear stories from old folk about how life discuss the difference in meaning in pairs. What have
was when they were young and reading about the you been doing this morning?
16
18 1
Open answers 1 have been looking at; have noticed 2 have been
calling; has gone 3 have you seen; have been looking
Go through the Frequent Mistakes and ask students to forward 4 have you been working; has been
explain why the sentences are wrong. 5 has forgotten; have been waiting; has taken
17
18
20
22
The Mona Lisa is arguably the most famous and best
Reading and Use of English
known painting in the world, draws the largest crowds, (pages 46-47)
and has been a bigger hit than any Beatles song and for
Part 2
much longer too in fact, for over 500 years! There are
many reasons why it is a part of popular culture. First, it is
probably used more widely in advertising than any other 1 just/only 2 this 3 Every/Each 4 to 5 like
image. Second, it attracts more visitors on its world tours, 6 It 7 will 8 all
infrequent as they are, than any other artist has ever
Part 3
done alive or dead. Third, no other painting has ever
been as imitated and used in modern art by such artists
as Andy Warhol among others. You can see the Mona 1 increasing
Lisa on consumer goods as diverse as mugs, socks, 2 choosing
chocolate bars, and coffee packets. 3 popularity
4 illogical
23 5 population
1 worse, the worst 2 further, the furthest 6 inheritance/heritage
3 less, the least 4 more, the most 5 more, the most 7 musicians
8 impression
24 N.B. The superlative form of adverbs is not used very
frequently, so dont spend a lot of time on this. Part 4
21
Warmer (page 48) 4 This exercise takes the form of a drill. The idea is that
part of the sentence is already known so students only
1 Write these words/phrases on the board so students can have to concentrate on adding to that. This builds
use them to describe the photos: confidence and also allows students to think more
arid parched land agricultural grassland about the ideas and pronunciation in longer sentences.
22
the correct form in the text). Will is used to make Space exploration
predictions about future events; going to is used to Advantages: leads to more communication
talk about future events based on present evidence possibilities, e.g. GPS leads to medical advances/
and arrangements. advances in technology
2 Will can be used to offer, agree, refuse, promise to do Disadvantages: cost could become reason for power
something. struggle/wars
3 The Present Continuous is used here to talk about an 2 Divide the class into two groups, each supporting one
event that is definitely going to happen in the future. of the research projects. Ask them to list the reasons
4 The Present Simple is used to talk about a timetable/ why they should get the government money. Then mix
programme. up the students and they can debate/role-play the
task.
7
Open answers Vocabulary (page 52)
8 Set a time limit to encourage students to scan the text 12
for the information. 1 F 2 G 3 D 4 C 5 H 6 A 7 B 8 E
13
Its the name of a research ship that drills down into the Open answers
sea bed where tectonic plates meet in order to explain
why catastrophes occur. 14
1 drought 2 volcano 3 flood 4 tornado/hurricane
9 Remind students to skim the base text first. Exercise 10 5 earthquake 6 tsunami 7 hot springs/geysers
focuses on some vocabulary from the text so avoid 8 avalanche
pre-teaching any.
15
Open answers
1 G 2 C 3 B 4 F 5 A 6 D E is not needed
10
1 bread Grammar (page 53)
2 the thing you use to lock/unlock something
3 carry out means do, carry on means continue 16
4 to solve Line 1: will be
5 an apple or a pear Line 2: is going to put
6 /k;tastrfi/ Line 4: will face
7 No. Therefore means that is why/how and moreover Line 6: will have gone up, will be emitting
means whats more/in addition. Line 8: will have
8 on Line 9: will be supporting
9 uncountable (you can say pieces of information but Line 10: will have become
NOT informations) Line 12: will be recognized
10 be first to do something/make a discovery Line 14: will be exporting
Line 17: will have met
11
17
1 Suggested answers: The Future Continuous describes an action that is in
Deep sea research progress during a period of time in the future. It can
Advantages: find out more about cause of depend on where the speaker wants to put the emphasis
earthquakes/tsunamis; predict when an earthquake in the sentence, e.g. on the duration of the action.
will happen; explore deep in the oceans, e.g. for info The Future Perfect Simple describes an action that is
on CO2 absorption finished by a certain time in the future.
Disadvantages: cost; damage to sea bed/oceans
23
See page 88 for the students recording script. lifestyle and directly reduce greenhouse gas
emissions but this year were also stipulating that
22 Ask students to read the questions and options and to the product must be user-friendly. Its got to be
ask you if there are any words they do not understand. practical and convenient. Last year the quality of the
You may want to pre-teach the following words or to get competitors was extremely high and were expecting
students to deduce their meaning from the context after this years to be even higher. Remember that wed
they have done questions 1-8: to moan, to circulate, to rather see inventions that meet the green
commute, to clog up, a joint present, anti-consumerism, requirements than those that are purely innovative
fair-trade, loads of, to chill out to, it goes without saying, in terms of design. Good luck!
eco-friendly lifestyle, greenhouse gas emissions, to
stipulate, user-friendly, convenient, to come at 4 You hear two people debating wind farms.
something from a different angle, wind farm, noise Man: well, there doesnt actually seem to be
pollution, to donate, a relief, to get a project off the evidence that they are a reliable source of energy.
ground, I hadnt bargained for, to weed, a pat on the But my main concern, as a botanist, is the damage
back, whale, keep your hair on, a dab of anti-wrinkle they will do to colonies of birds and bats
cream Woman: Well, Im coming at it from a different angle,
and that is, people who live near wind farms will find
1 C 2 B 3 C 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 B that they wont able to sell their homes for the sort
24
of prices they would have got before. People dont You could stay in around the hours of sunrise and
always think about this, they worry that it may be sunset but that would significantly reduce the
noisy but quite honestly most of us live with high benefits of being on holiday. What undoubtedly
levels of noise pollution these days works best is using a spray. Most good ones now can
give you at least ten hours protection. Wearing long
5 You hear a teacher talking about a school sleeves and long trousers helps to some extent but I
environmental project. always find mosquitoes have an annoying habit of
A couple of years ago, I introduced the idea of getting down your collar, under your shirt, etc.
making a school garden and it was received very
positively with parents donating plants and even
trees. This was a relief because Id asked the Council Grammar (page 55)
for some extra money to get the project off the
ground but they were, lets say, less than enthusiastic. 1
What I hadnt bargained for was the impact on the 1 will help
children and their ability to concentrate better in 2 will be exploring/will have explored
class after being out planting and weeding in the 3 will change
garden for forty minutes. Ive been given a pat on the 4 will you be doing
back for our school results going up but I think its 5 will gain/is going to gain
more to do with the children enjoying being at school 6 will have stopped
more. 7 is taking place/will take place/takes place
8 will be sitting
6 You hear two teenagers discussing a pop stars 9 begins/is going to begin/will begin
involvement in a green campaign. 10 is going to cut down on/will cut down on/is cutting
Girl: Did you read about Basha lending his voice to down on
the Save the Whale campaign?
2
Boy: Yeah, smart move. Got his name in lots of
Open answers
papers. Bet he doesnt even know what a whale looks
like!
Girl: Youre so cynical. At least a lot more people all
over the world know about the issue now in more
Reading and Use of English
detail. (pages 56-57)
Boy: The Save the Whale campaign has been going Part 1
on for years. I think Basha should stick to what he
does best, write good songs and do great live
1 C 2 D 3 A 4 B 5 C 6 A 7 D 8 B
performances when hes on tour.
Girl: OK. Keep your hair on! Part 2
25
27
28
24
Open answers 1 A 3 B 6 C 1 D 8 E 9 F 10
G 4 H 7 I 2 J 5
2 Open answers (make sure the students use the
Writing (page 63) correct conditional forms accurately)
25 Introduce the Writing task, a short story, by asking Go through the Exam Strategies box for the open cloze
students which short stories they have read in both their task and encourage students to ask any questions they
mother tongue and in English. You could also ask them have.
what makes a good short story.
Part 2
Open answers
1 than
26 2 that/which
Open answers 3 as
4 was
5 at
Speaking (pages 63-64) 6 whose
7 by
27 Go through the Exam Strategies and answer any 8 like
questions that students have about the long turn. Look
at the linking words on page 189 of the Students Book. Part 3
All of these linkers will be very useful in Part 2 of the
Speaking test, in particular, linkers of contrast and 1 descendant
similarity. Monitor students as they work, and make 2 primarily
notes on their use of linkers and vocabulary. 3 valuable/invaluable
Give feedback on the task and how students organised 4 desirable
their long turn. Give students any vocabulary which 5 microscopic
would increase their range and comment on any 6 unlikely
pronunciation points and grammatical accuracy and 7 capacity/capability
range. 8 warmth
Part 4
Open answers
29
30
Speaker 3
Listening (page 69)
I cant say that my job is stressful but there is a
8.A
See page 90 for the students recording script. drawback to it, and that is its sedentary. I began to
notice my waistline expanding so I decided to join
6 the local golf club. I know that its not the most
Open answers physical of sports but it works for me. I get out onto
the green most weekends and end up walking quite
7 You might like to pre-teach the following vocabulary a few miles. People keep asking me if I go there to
from the recording script. make more business contacts but I can honestly say
to rocket that wasnt my intention but I have made some good
self-esteem new friends almost as an extra bonus!
drawback
sedentary Speaker 4
telly I moved to a new town because of a fantastic job
get-up and go opportunity. I knew I was going to have to work long
hours and that the job would be challenging. But I
Remind students to read through the list carefully and
was determined that wouldnt stop me from enjoying
that there are three extra options that they dont need to
my free time. I joined a dance class because someone
use.
had told me that a really good crowd went there and
After the students have done the listening, you could
did lots of things together after the classes. That
give them a photocopy of the recording script (page 90)
sounded just the thing I was looking for and I havent
and ask them to underline in the text where they find the
looked back since or had a night in in front of the
answers or you could discuss the reasons for the
telly!
answers with them.
Speaker 5
1 G 2 F 3 B 4 E 5 C I was finding I was sleeping more and more and just
couldnt be bothered to do much at all apart from
study, eat, and sleep. Then I went to stay with my
Recording script with answers underlined uncle and aunt for a holiday. Hes a keen runner and
he just wouldnt take no for an answer when he asked
Speaker 1
me to go out running with him one morning. I
When I joined the company where I work now, I moaned and groaned but after a couple of days I
realised that lots of my colleagues belonged to a found I had loads of get-up and go and I was even
local gym and that the company paid for them to do asking him to make the runs longer!
that. And at first I just thought, thats nice, we can all
have fun together and it might be a good way for me 8 Put the students into small groups and ask them to
to get to know new people. How wrong can you get? discuss the questions. If you have the time, you could
After just a couple of weeks the pressure started ask each group to give a mini-presentation of their
building up. I was expected to take on more and opinions to the class.
more and I realised that if I didnt start playing
squash or something like that my blood pressure
Open answers
would rocket!
Speaker 2
It was when I was a teenager. Looking back on it now, Reading and Use of English
I can see that it was just a phase I was going through. (pages 70-71)
Those teenage years are hard and I was beginning to
lose my self-esteem. Luckily for me we had a brilliant 9 Ask the students to do the task and you could then open
sports teacher; she was always full of energy, so up the topic as shown in the headline of the article for
made you feel good. She could also see and class discussion.
understand what was happening to us. She suggested
I played tennis for the school because I was quite Open answers
good at it. I began to do well and even won a
championship and before I knew it, I had a very 10 Remind the students of the Exam Strategies on page 32
positive outlook on life. for Reading Part 5 before they start to read. You could
brainstorm the strategies with the students and then
write them up on the board.
31
17
1 D 2 D 3 C 4 A 5 C 6 B
1 No, e.g. He can.
11 Encourage students to use vocabulary from the reading 2 We use the subject + modal verb + not
text where possible. e.g. He may not.
3 We use the modal verb + subject
e.g. Can I ?
Open answers
18
1 C 2 A 3 B
Vocabulary (page 72) Go through the Frequent mistakes discussing why the
12 Ask the students to read the information about phrasal wrong versions are wrong.
verbs and check their understanding.
19 This exercise could be set for homework if youre short
13 This could be done as pairwork. of time or done as pairwork in class.
32
1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 B 6 C 7 D 8 A
Writing (page 74)
Part 2
Look at the Writing Bank on page 181 of the Students
Book. Elicit what is expected from an email in terms of
1 more
organisation and cohesion, range, accuracy,
2 in/at
appropriacy of register and format and the target
3 into
reader.
4 other
5 until
25 Ask students to read the task, i.e. the email in exercise 6 against
26. Go through the Exam Strategies with the students 7 which
and then ask them to highlight the points they have to 8 are/get
address in the email. Confirm that they have to address
four points. Part 3
33
Warmer (page 78) 4 Pairwork. If your students need help with some of these
words, you could give them the first letter or play
1 The students could use dictionaries for this task but not hangman to find the answer.
for part 2 of the warmer as that is an information
exchange.
1 prosecute 6 witness
2 jury 7 commit
Suggested answers: 3 (lawyer for the) defence 8 lawyer
1 Crimes: cybercrime, robbery, burglary, theft, 4 police 9 fine
embezzlement, fraud, murder, kidnapping 5 prison 10 trial
Punishments: fine, community service, driving ban,
imprisonment/custodial sentence
5 This exercise could be done in pairs.
2 Open answers
Suggested answers:
1 A mugger steals property from a person usually by
Vocabulary (pages 78-79) using or threatening violence. A pickpocket usually
steals money from a person but he/she does not
2 Pairwork. You could set the students a time limit to usually use violence.
complete the crossword, e.g. ten minutes, and make it 2 A burglar breaks into someones house to steal
into a competition. The first pair to complete it, wins. property. A thief steals property anytime anywhere.
3 A criminal court is used to try cases where a crime
has been committed. A civil court tries non-criminal
1 pickpocket 2 murderer 3 hijacker 4 mugger
cases such as debt recovery.
5 thief 6 kidnapper 7 arsonist 8 burglar 4 A judge makes the final decision on sentencing in a
3 This exercise could be done in pairs. court but listens to the opinion of the jury who are
selected from the ordinary public.
5 A lawyer for the prosecution represents the State in
1 pickpocket 2 murder 3 hijack 4 mug 5 steal bringing a case against a person. A lawyer for the
6 kidnap 7 set fire to something 8 burgle defence represents the person accused.
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35
36
26
1 unacceptable: un = not Suggested answers:
2 bilingual: bi = two A The lawyer was tired because she had been working
3 amoral: a = without hard = she was tired because she had been working
4 anteroom: ante = before hard over a period of time. She may or may not be
5 superintendent: super = over/more than usual working at that moment.
6 disadvantage: dis = negation B The lawyer was tired because she was working hard =
7 enraged: en = make more intense she was tired because she was working hard during
8 ex-wife: ex = former that period of time.
9 inappropriate: in = not
10 overconfident: over = too
23 Go through the Exam Tip with the class. If youre short 5 1 was, had been looking 2 was, found out, had
of time, you could ask the students to do the writing task happened 3 said, had been burgled 4 had already
for homework. worked, realised, had made 5 asked, had had
6 knocked, had been looking
Open answers
6
Open answers
38
See page 91 for the students recording script. are keeping vocabulary notes in a useful and
meaningful way.
Well, Im not a fantastic cook but I do like making
brunch at weekends, and I like doing something
special for that. For example, last weekend I cooked Open answers
scrambled eggs with some small pieces of salmon
mixed into it. Everyone said it was delicious.
Grammar (pages 92-93)
9
Open answers Refer the students to page 95 to remind them of the
Go through the Exam Strategies box with the students rules if necessary.
and encourage them to ask any questions they have
about Speaking Part 1. 16
1 She cant write the cookbook by herself.
2 They must have been right as theyre the food
Reading and Use of English experts.
3 Our guests should be here by now.
(pages 90-91) 4 They might have won the cookery competition.
5 She may not make the peach tart by herself.
10 This could be set up as a debate/mini-presentation.
6 This pizza could have been the winning recipe.
Open answers 17
The present/future form is modal verb + base infinitive.
11 Pre-teach the following words/phrases: The past form is modal verb + have + past participle.
Text A: over-regulation 18
curved 1 A 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 B
knobbly
red tape 19
to label Open answers.
Text B: misshapen Go through the Frequent Mistakes box asking students to
in the long run explain why the incorrect sentences are incorrect.
to stem from
Text C: to comply with
wonky
Text D: garlic head
Writing (page 93)
garlic cloves Elicit from the students: who reads an essay, what
downright format it should be in and the type of language usually
used.
1 D 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 A 6 B 7 B 8 A 9 C 10 A
39
21 Its a good idea for students to get into the habit of 3 You hear two students talking about their course in
making similar plans for all writing tasks. food technology.
See page 91 for the students recording script. course, well be able to walk into any branch of
catering; were covering so many subject areas.
22 Male: Yeah, I hadnt realised wed have so many
Open answers options open to us with a degree in food technology.
! Exam Tip! 4 You hear two friends talking about Japanese food.
Go through this and ask the students to highlight the Woman: Ive really got into Japanese cuisine
key words in the questions and options before they recently. And Ive made quite a few different dishes
listen. already.
Man: Arent the recipes long and complicated?
23 Pre-teach the following words/phrases: Woman: Well, I guess like most cuisines, there must
be some that are but Im going for simpler ones
to have a sweet tooth; posh that I can prepare when I get home from work. The
presentation is important and thats what appeals.
1 A 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 B 6 A 7 C 8 C All your senses should be involved in the enjoyment
of eating so your eyes are important too.
Man: And people say that things like rice and fresh
fish are good for you
Recording script with answers underlined
5 You hear two friends talking about genetically
1 You hear a woman talking about a restaurant.
modified food.
We went to a new restaurant called Foodies last
Girl: Ive just been reading about genetically
night. We were greeted by a very charming waiter.
modified foods such as rice and the fact that they
Then a different person took our order and there
have more vitamins. But actually if you eat a
were lots of nibbles and things for us to munch on
balanced diet, you dont need supplements...
while we waited. I was really enjoying myself. Then
Boy: Anyway, theres no evidence of nasty side
my main course came; the meat was really chewy
effects to consuming GM foods. But I do know
and quite honestly I dont think it was one of the
theres a strong anti-GM movement in the UK,
better cuts of meat to start with. The pudding
mainly coming from organic farmers who are
wasnt exactly stunning either. You wouldnt mind so
worried, quite rightly so, about how it will affect
much but it was really pricey. Wed been warned
agricultural land. Other people think its just
about that and it was supposed to be my birthday
another way for big companies to make mega
treat so we were pushing the boat out.
bucks!
40
8 You hear a brother and sister talking about the food Reading and Use of English
they eat at home. (pages 96-97)
Girl: Mums cooked an Indian dish for dinner Part 1
tonight. Its got prawns in it.
Boy: Great. I love seafood. I wonder what spices
1 A 2 D 3 D 4 B 5 C 6 A 7 B 8 C
shes used. Anyway she always gets it just right.
Girl: Yeah, not too hot, not too mild. Its the same Part 2
with everything she cooks though its just so
yummy. Im going to make some bread at the 1 since 5 for
weekend with wholemeal flour and walnuts. 2 to 6 which
Boy: Wow! Sounds great! You could set yourself up 3 Even 7 There
as a high-class chef when youve finished college. 4 be 8 not
Girl: You have to be amazingly good to get
anywhere in the catering business and its Part 3
seriously hard work.
1 shortage/s 5 including
24 2 grown 6 commercial
Open answers 3 increasingly 7 unquestionably
25 Ask the student who is listening to time the one minute. 4 sustainable 8 scientists
Its useful for students to get used to speaking for one
minute as they have to do this in Speaking Part 2.
Open answers
41
42
Recording script with answers underlined whale, which can reach lengths of over 33 metres
and weigh up to as much as 32 elephants. Thats
Today Im going to tell you a little bit about our 120 tons.
organisation which safeguards hundreds of species Of the toothed whales Narwhal whales are my
around the world. We focus special attention on favourite. They are known more for their almost
giant pandas, tigers, polar bears, endangered whales unicorn-like tusk or tooth that springs from their
and dolphins, rhinos, elephants, marine turtles, and forehead in the male of the species. The tooth
great apes. These species not only need special actually grows from the left side of the upper jaw and
measures and extra protection in order to survive, is twisted into a left-handed helix. The tooth can be
they also serve as umbrella species. Helping them up to three metres long.
helps numerous other species that inhabit the same The tusk of the Narwhal was sold by Vikings and
environment. other northern traders as the horns of the legendary
Among marine wildlife, seven out of the 13 great unicorn which were considered to have magic
whale species are still endangered or vulnerable, properties. Reportedly, during the sixteenth century,
even after decades of protection. Whales, dolphins Queen Elizabeth bought a Narwhal tusk for the cost
and porpoises are succumbing to new and ever- of ten thousand pounds the cost of a castle. The
increasing dangers. For North Atlantic whales, tusk was used as her sceptre.
collision with ships has taken over as the greatest Until recently, humankind seemed to view the ocean
risk rather than entanglement in fishing gear, while as a source of infinite resources. The truth is that the
the critically endangered Western North Pacific gray populations of many species are decreasing at an
whale is at serious risk because of intensive oil and unsustainable rate. The threats to marine species
gas development in its feeding grounds. are difficult to perceive because marine animals are
While other organisations are focusing their research not as visible as animals on land. Animals that have
on hazards such as toxic contamination or habitat taken millions of years to evolve, that are invaluable
degradation, were currently looking at the effects of to all ecosystems, have vanished and continue to
climate change and what this means for marine vanish from places where they once flourished.
wildlife, in particular, mammals.
We are also combating risks to whales by lobbying to 5
bring whale hunting under the strict control of the Open answers
International Whaling Commission. However, we see
the best results from education, and I mean to
people of all ages and occupations, I dont just mean Reading and Use of English
children. We also hope to see improved national and (pages 100-101)
international action and agreements in the near
future. 6
We work in several areas of species protection Open answers
around the world that live within our priority eco-
regions. Large predators like snow leopards and ! Exam Tip!
grizzly bears, migratory species like songbirds, and a
Its helpful for students to know that the questions follow
host of other species facing threats also benefit from
the order of the text. However, point out that sometimes
our conservation efforts. Different groups work on
the last question could be a global question; a question
different projects. One group known as TRAFFIC
about the text as a whole.
works to ensure that trade in wildlife products
doesnt harm a species, while also fighting against
illegal and unsustainable trade. 7 Pre-teach these words, which do not come into
I work with the two main categories of whales: the exercise 8.
baleen whales, and toothed whales. The baleen Paragraph 1: hunter
whales are named for their feeding apparatus, hunted
baleen, which descend from the roof of the mouth. to breed
Baleen is made of hard but flexible material, similar to clone
to that of human fingernails, rooted in the animals Paragraph 2: stalk, prey
upper jaw. The baleen act like a sieve, allowing a Paragraph 3: shrunk (shrink, shrank, shrunk)
whale to strain food out of the water food which Paragraph 4: to draw up
includes small fish and plankton. to found
There are 13 species of baleen whales. They range in Paragraph 5: boxed in
size from the compact minke whale, whose average
length is around 8 metres, to the gargantuan blue
43
44
3 AShe stopped the car to help the injured animal = 23 Students read the task and discuss the Exam Strategies.
she interrupted an activity to help the animal and
then continued the previous activity (in this case,
Open answers
driving).
BShe stopped going to wildlife parks = a past Go through the Exam Strategies with the students and
activity. encourage them to ask questions about writing reviews
4 AIf you seriously care about conservation, it means for the exam.
taking the time to do something about it = it
involves taking the time.
BShe meant to take some photos of the elephants Grammar (page 105)
but she ran out of time = it was her intention to
take some photos.
5 AThe speaker from the WWF went on talking about 1 pollluting 7 watching
the destruction of the forests until the end of his 2 go 8 seeing
speech = he continued to talk about the same 3 to work 9 doing
topic (the destruction of the forests). 4 worrying 10 asking
B The speaker from WWF then went on to talk about 5 read 11 losing
the destruction of the forests until the end of his 6 not to feed 12 wear
speech = he stopped talking about one topic and
then started another topic (the destruction of the
forests). Reading and Use of English
6 AShe tried to take photographs of the giraffe = she
attempted to take photographs. (pages 106-107)
BShe tried photographing the giraffe = she Part 2
experimented with taking photographs.
Go through the Frequent Mistakes box with the students. 1 but 5 were
2 no 6 had
3 for 7 Despite
Speaking (page 104) 4 not 8 so
19 Part 3
Open answers
1 universally
20 2 endless
Open answers
3 endangered/dangerous
21 4 rewarding
Open answers 5 activity
6 competitive
7 professionals
8 preference
Vocabulary (page 104)
Part 4
22
1 C 2 B 3 F 4 A 5 D 6 E
1 anyone turned up//for/to//anyone turned out//for
2 not advisable//to keep
3 could be//difficult for/hard for
Writing (page 104) 4 paid//the highest/the ones with the highest
Look at the Writing Bank on page 179 of the Students 5 hadnt/had not/been//paying attention
Book and elicit what type of language a review should 6 accused Mr Botes of//selling
contain.
45
46
Recording script with answers underlined question why. If youre using an employment agency,
they might know. It could also be that as they
Speaker 1 develop, they require people with different skills. Of
Before I went for the interview everyone I talked to course the ideal situation is if you know someone
seemed to have really good advice and I was getting who already works there. But remember an employee
stressed with all the new information. What Id doesnt always have an unbiased view of things.
recommend though, because it actually helped me,
is make a short list of what you think the requirements 5
are in the position. For example, the ad might have Open answers
said something like, good communication essential.
6
So if you keep this in your head at interview, you can
Open answers
bring in examples to demonstrate that you have the
ability to do this. Itll make them realise that youre
the right person for the job.
Vocabulary (pages 109-110)
Speaker 2
A friend gave me a great tip. Before you leave the 7
house, do a quick search on Google to get latest A We use such + uncountable noun.
share prices, and any mention of the company in B We use such + a/an + singular countable noun.
Google news. Having fresh up-to-date information on C We use so + adjective without a noun.
the company gives you extra points. But my tip is, D We use such (+ adjective) + uncountable noun.
think about your whole appearance. Id put on a nice 8
suit, plain shirt, and tie. But I hadnt thought beyond 1 He waited such a long time for the bus that he was
that. I just put all my papers in a plastic bag. When I late for work.
arrived, I saw the interviewers smile change to a 2 She had such determination to become a ballerina
frown as his gaze went from my suit to what I was that she hardly went out.
holding in my hand! 3 I liked the interviewer she was such a friendly
Speaker 3 person.
This is key to the process. And theres nothing wrong 9
with physically getting out your piece of paper when A We use enough + noun.
you are at the interview. It shows you have prepared B We use adjective/adverb + enough.
and made an effort. Be careful not to ask about C We use too + adjective.
things in a wooden way though and this can happen D We use too + many + countable noun. N.B. the same
if youre reading from your notes. Make sure you find rule applies to few, i.e. too + few + countable noun.
out exactly what the job involves, who youll be E We use too + much + uncountable noun. N.B. the
working with, etc. All this shows that youre keen and same rule applies to little, i.e. too + little +
interested. And remember an interview is a two-way uncountable noun.
process; they need you as much as you need them.
10
Speaker 4 1 The train is too expensive for commuters to use it to
Ive had quite a few interviews for, lets see, about 4 go to work.
jobs. So I was getting a bit blas by the time I had my 2 She is too young to get a job.
last interview. I thought, well, Ive done my homework 3 He works too slowly to be able to achieve what he
on the company, I know what theyll ask me and what needs to.
Ill ask them. What I hadnt accounted for though was 4 The office is too far for her to walk to work.
I had to park my car on a meter and can you believe
it, I didnt have any change. It took quite a while to 11
find a caf where I could get the right coins. I ended 1 B 2 A 3 C
up flying through the door about five minutes late in
a right state. All I can say is dont do that. Its really
hard to regain your self-composure.
Speaker 5
This isnt always easy but if you know before the
interview, itll help you to refine your preparation
around their needs. One of the most common causes
is that someone is leaving. And that then begs the
47
1 E 2 B 3 D 4 F 5 A 6 C 17
You do not need to use G. 1 whose 2 that/which/X 3 which 4 who 5 whose
14 Before you do this task, you could give different pairs of 18 Give an example, e.g. Ill never forget the time (when) I
students one paragraph each and ask them to find new fell asleep at work.
or interesting vocabulary. They should find out what the
word/expression means (they can use dictionaries or ask 1 when, why, where, what
you) and then they have to present their one favourite 2 Why you can omit why because it functions as the
piece of new vocabulary to the rest of the class. object of the clause.
Once the students have underlined the appropriate E.g. The reason why Im phoning you is to ask you to
sentences, discuss how the sentences summarise the come in for interview.
main points of the paragraphs and how they prepare the Where you cant omit where because it is a relative
reader for what is to come or what they have just read adverb and not a relative pronoun.
and add coherence and cohesion to the article and E.g. The desk where he sits is next to the window.
make it easy to follow. where = at which
What
Paragraph 1 For many of us, the idea of having a job Did you hear what I said? what = the thing that.
that is truly satisfying the kind where work doesnt feel N.B. Dont confuse what and that.
like work anymore is the stuff of fantasies. When
Can you suggest when we can meet?
Paragraph 2 Whether you work on a fruit farm, in a In this example you cant omit when. when = a time
factory, in the smallest office in a skyscraper, or in a at which
sports centre, the secret is to understand what makes you
happy at work. 19 You may like to set some of exercises 19-23 as
homework if youre short of time.
Paragraph 3 People say that there are three basic
approaches to work and you need to ask yourself whether
it is a job, a career, or a passion. Suggested answers:
1 An architect is someone who designs buildings.
Paragraph 4 Once you have identified the triggers that
2 A vegetarian is someone who doesnt eat meat.
work for you, you can improve your situation by making a
3 A concert pianist is someone who plays the piano
few minor adjustments.
professionally.
Paragraph 5 Another change you can bring about is to 4 A physiotherapist is someone who treats people who
maintain a balanced lifestyle. have muscle stiffness, pain or injury by rubbing and
moving the sore parts.
Paragraph 6 Finally, we all need to feel recognised and
5 A psychiatric nurse is someone who looks after
rewarded for what we do.
people with mental illnesses.
15 20
Open answers
1 You made an offer which/ I cant accept.
2 She recently went back to the town where she was
born.
Grammar (pages 112-113) 3 I didnt get the job that/ I applied for.
4 We ordered a book on careers which was rather
16 Refer the students to Page 115 if necessary to remind
pricey.
them of the rules regarding relative pronouns and
5 The woman who is sitting at the desk over there is
relative clauses.
Mr Smiths secretary.
48
21
N.B. Some of these sentences could be defining or Open answers
non-defining relative clauses. For the purpose of this
exercise, ask the students to write non-defining relative 25
clauses. Remind students to incorporate the vocabulary and
1 She gave me the address of the company, which I grammar you have just discussed in Exercise 24.
wrote down on a piece of paper. Suggested answers:
2 Paola is going to work in Canada, where her sister 1 I agree in principle but
has been living for 5 years. 2 Youre right, however
3 A friend of mine, whose father is the CEO of the 3 If there were, it would be (a better place to work).
company, helped me get a job. 4 Itd be good to because
4 That man over there, whose name I dont remember,
is a famous artist.
5 The chef, who is usually on time, was late this Writing (page 114)
morning. Refer the students to the Writing Bank on page 182 and
Go through the Frequent Mistakes with the class and elicit who usually reads a report, its format/organisation
ask the students to analyse the mistakes. and the type of language generally used. There is also a
sample of a report on page 182 of the Students Book.
22
N.B. Grammatically, none should be followed by a 26
singular verb but increasingly, in spoken English the Open answers
plural form is used.
1 I sent out two letters, neither of which arrived. 27
2 Six people applied for the job, none of whom were/ Open answers
was sufficiently qualified. 28
3 Gina made a lot of suggestions, many of which were Open answers
very useful.
4 There were a lot of people at the conference, a few of
whom I knew. Grammar (page 115)
5 He ordered two books, both of which came within a
week. 1
1 that/which/0 2 where 3 who 4 whose 5 which
23 6 where 7 where 8 which/0 9 when 10 which
William Shakespeare, who was born in April 1564, was 11 which 12 where 13 that/which 14 whose
the son of a farmer. He married Anne Hathaway in 1582, 15 who 16 who 17 which 18 what 19 when
with whom he had three children. In 1592 he went to
London, where he joined an acting company. In 1595 he
became a shareholder of the acting company, where he Reading and Use of English
wrote his famous sonnets and plays. In 1597 he bought a
house in Stratford, where he retired in 1610. (pages 116-117)
Part 1
Vocabulary areas As long as, providing and provided that; Commonly-used slang; Phrasal verbs
Grammar Third conditional; Wish and if only and wish and would; If and in case;
Future in the past: was/were going to
Reading and Use of English Teenagers in their own words on the impact of TV
Part 7: Multiple matching
Writing The views of young people W2: Story
Listening An interview with a sociologist L4: Multiple choice Exam Tip!
Speaking Youth culture S4: Discussion Exam Strategies
Reading and Use of English
Part 1: The Technology Culture
Part 2: How teenagers see themselves
Part 4: Key word transformation
1
1 If he had wanted to fit in with the cool crowd, he
1 Suggested answer: Definition C gives the most
would have bought the same clothes as theirs.
information and is therefore most useful.
If + past perfect, would have + past participle
2 Suggested answers:
2 the past
A: Japanese Punks: style and fashion important,
3 We use it to speak about imaginary states or events
enjoy making a statement, interested in their own
in the past.
genre of music, like participating in street theatre,
e.g. making music, dancing 3
B: young eco-warriors with political/ecological ideals: 1 hadnt told 2 wouldnt have exchanged
possibly activists, likely to protest against new 3 would have sent 4 had thought
motorways/airports, etc. being built, could camp out
to prevent road-building, etc. 4
C: skateboarders: casual clothes, interested in sport, 1 She would have gone to the disco if she had had
enjoy spending time together, maybe quite enough money.
competitive 2 If I hadnt gone to a party last night, I wouldnt have
3 Open answers met lots of my friends.
Suggested reasons for belonging to a subculture: 3 They wouldnt have got into the band if they hadnt
to experience a feeling of belonging played well at the audition.
to rebel against authority 4 If they hadnt worked hard to raise money for
to express individuality or ideas overtly teenagers in Africa, they wouldnt have built a school.
5
1 regret
Grammar (pages 119-120) 2 You might like to write these rules and/or sample
Refer students to page 125 if necessary to remind them sentences on the board.
of the rules. We use wish + Past Perfect + would/might have +
bare infinitive, to talk about the past, e.g. sentence A.
50
6.B
6 Open answers See page 94 for the students recording script.
7
Suggested answers:
14
1 behave according to your societys usual standards of
1 He is complaining; he feels fed up.
behaviour and expectations
2 He wants his brother to get up later.
2 criticism in the newspapers and on TV
8 3 a boring childhood
1 I wish Paul would buy a new pair of jeans. 4 can have a permanent effect
2 I wish they/my parents wouldnt criticise me for 5 become stronger than
spending too long on the computer. 6 torn jeans
3 I wish she/my mother wouldnt keep saying that my 7 putting rings, studs, etc. into parts of the body by
hair is too short. making a hole in that part of the body, e.g. pierced
4 I wish hed/my father would allow me to have a tattoo. ears/eyebrows
5 I wish somebody would give me a summer job. 8 accepted standards or ways of behaving that most
people agree with
9 9 understand and accept
A Well get some more food if Anna comes = perhaps Anna 10 huge amount of
will come. If she comes, well get some more food.
B Well get some more food in case Anna comes =
perhaps Anna will come. Well get some more food
! Exam Tip!
now whether she comes or not. Then well already Go through the Exam Tip with the students.
have the food if she comes.
10 15
1 She phoned her parents in case they were worried. 1 A 2 B 3 B 4 A 5 C 6 C 7 A
2 Ill take an umbrella in case it rains at the
demonstration.
3 He took a map in case he got lost.
Recording script with answers underlined
4 Ill wait for them in case they come later. Interviewer: Welcome, James Cameron, to our
programme today. As an expert on youth culture
perhaps you could start off by telling us how you
Vocabulary (page 120) define the word youth?
51
52
23 Open answers
Reading and Use of English
(pages 126-127)
Grammar (page 124) Part 1
24 This exercise could be done in pairs. 1 D 2 A 3 A 4 C 5 A 6 D 7 C 8 B
Part 2
1 the past 2 No. He used was going to to express the
1 in/to 2 which 3 were 4 when 5 their 6 much
idea that in the past he thought something would happen
7 on 8 why
in the future. 3 No
Part 4
25
1 Yes 2 No its a past habit 3 No its Past 1 (at) this time//last 2 looking forward to//going
Continuous 4 Yes 5 No its a past habit 3 see the/any point in//buying
4 was not//as/so expensive 5 wish//I could
26 Open answers 6 sold out//of//sold out// of all the
53
2
Open answers Recording script with answers underlined
1 You hear an elderly man remembering New Years
Eve when he was a child.
Listening (page 129) When I was a lad, I used to look forward to New
7.B
See page 94 for the students recording script. Years Eve just as much as I did to Christmas.
Christmas was about presents and eating till you felt
youd explode! What made New Years Eve special
3
was that most people in our village still carried out
1F 2T 3T 4T 5T
an old ritual. A villager would knock on your door
4 Pre-teach the following words/phrases or check just after midnight and hand you a piece of coal. It
understanding of them after listening. You may prefer to was a symbol of prosperity for the coming year. I
give your students the opportunity to do tasks as they dont really know why but I always found it exciting.
will in the exam, i.e. without help with vocabulary. At midnight my mother would play Auld Lang Syne
on the piano and wed all sing as loudly as we could!
Question 1: lad, Auld Lang Syne (a Scottish song
traditionally sung at midnight on New Years Eve) 2 You hear two teenagers discussing traditional
Question 2: May Pole events.
Question 3: to be living in cloud cuckoo land Girl: The only time Ive ever danced round a maypole
Question 4: unspoilt, chain store was when I was at school. We learnt how to do it.
54
I think some places in the countryside might still do 6 You hear two friends discussing the idea that the
it, you know, in villages, but most people these days world is a global village.
just dont care about it. Boy: Ive just talked to my brother in Brazil; hes
Boy: Well I must admit, I dont see the point of it. working there for one year working on a water
Whats it about anyway? We live in a different world treatment project. Thats the great thing nowadays,
now. Apart from Christmas and New Year and isnt it? There are more opportunities to work
birthdays of course, my family doesnt really take abroad.
part in any traditional things. Girl: Yes, as they say the worlds a global village. Its
Girl: Mine neither. a small world! Just look at our town its fantastic
you can meet people from all corners of the world.
3 You hear a woman talking about globalisation. I think this phenomenon will become more apparent
All you hear about these days is globalisation. And too.
in most cases its people saying that its a good
Boy: Yes, as long as everyone doesnt flock to just
thing; you can travel more easily, you can get to
one or two places. It could have a serious impact on
know the cultures of other countries more easily. It
a regions resources and mean that cities expand
seems to me, though, that the only thing anyone is
and sprawl over valuable farmland.
really interested in is making a fast buck.
Businesses are looking for new markets to sell the 7 You hear a man talking to a girl about Guy Fawkes
same old stuff. I read an interesting article about Night.
globalisation and how in the future national borders Girl: Is it only in Britain that people commemorate
will disappear. I think whoever wrote it is living in Guy Fawkes?
cloud cuckoo land! Boy: Yeah, mostly. 1605, November the fifth,
London, Guy Fawkes was arrested for trying to blow
4 You hear a couple discussing a holiday theyve just up the Houses of Parliament.
been on. Girl: In class today we talked about it but Im not
Man: That was a great holiday, wasnt it? I cant sure I got it so we celebrate that Guy Fawkes
believe Ive got to go back to work tomorrow. failed to do something?
Woman: I know what you mean. The town was lovely, Boy: Yeah, he failed to blow up the king. Look,
wasnt it? So unspoilt... by all the huge international tomorrow Ill show you a display in the school
chain stores I mean. library which explains it simply.
Man: Yeah, the baker actually baked the bread Girl: Im not thick, I just didnt get it!
himself and that greengrocer who had produce Boy: Yeah, right!
from local farms. Remember that delicious peach
dessert you had in that bistro in the market square?
8 You hear a woman giving a talk on globalisation.
and interestingly although the USA has enjoyed a
Woman: Ill never forget it. We should go there again. strong and wealthy economy for many years were
Its so much better than our last holiday where we now seeing a shift to the East. China is seen by
sat through some really touristy things like that folk many as a significant player on the world stage.
festival. The locals said theyd never even heard of However, I cant emphasise strongly enough that
those songs that they were just for the tourists. the spread of consumer products, the spread of fads
5 You hear a teacher talking about a lesson shes just such as Facebook, etc. would not occur without
had. Internet access. It also means that an exchange of
views on a global level takes place. Of course, there
Ive just had year 9 and I just happened to mention
is the problem of policing the worldwide web and
that Id made some delicious pancakes both savoury
lawyers are working day and night on copyright
and sweet versions for my family on Tuesday and
issues and so on
they were all quite interested in the idea that you can
be creative and put what you like as a filling in them. 5
But what I couldnt get over was that not one of them Open answers
had the faintest idea about why we have that
tradition that Christians used to use up the eggs,
flour, milk and so on in the house before they fasted Reading and Use of English
for 40 days before Easter. In fact, they were really
(pages 130-131)
interested so theyre going to look up Pancake Day
on the Internet and report back next lesson. 6
Open answers
55
56
18 Explain that this task practises the language that 5 has never been played
candidates might need to use in Speaking Part 4. Its 6 had been eaten
the chance to use the language of giving opinions, 7 will be/are going to be/are to be discussed
agreeing/disagreeing, making suggestions and 8 will have died out
negotiating. 9 would/could be saved
10 had been organised
2
Open answers
1 Have enough chairs been put out for everyone?
19 If possible get some/all groups to give quite formal 2 An article for the website is written every week.
presentations of their ideas. 3 The guitar was being played in the courtyard.
Remind students that they should show evidence of a 4 Will you be given an English test?
range of structures, appropriate vocabulary; extended, 5 The window should be opened.
relevant contributions, clear pronunciation and good 6 He wasnt told which room to go to.
communication. If you have the time, you could include 7 Our coffee hasnt been brought yet.
a quick question and answer session at the end of each 8 Julia was offered the job last week.
presentation. Students could also vote for their favourite 9 Alex will be lent all the equipment he needs.
festival. 10 A new theatre is going to be built by the Council.
3
1 It is said to be the best film festival in the world.
Open answers 2 It has been reported that people felt dizzy during the
light show.
3 It is believed that the organisers have made a lot of
Writing (page 134) money.
4 It is thought that local crafts are an important part of
Elicit from the students what is normally expected of an the culture.
article. See Writing Bank on page 181 of the Students 5 It is questioned whether the show will make a profit
Book for suggested answers. or not.
20
Open answers Reading and Use of English
! Exam Tip! (pages 136-137)
22 Part 3
Open answers
1 thoughts/thinking
Grammar (page 135) 2 employment
3 Another
1 4 endless
1 is celebrated 5 prosperity
2 is being made 6 international
3 was written 7 disagreement
4 were being put up 8 sociologists
57
58
11
Grammar (pages 140-141) Open answers
Refer students to page 145 if necessary. 12
7 A Say is most often used without a personal object.
We use a reporting verb, e.g. said, backshift the tense B Tell is usually used with a personal object, e.g. me. If
e.g. Present Simple Past Simple, and we may or may you know who Paolo is talking to, use tell. If you dont
not use that. say who Paolo told and there is no clause that
1 Past Continuous follows, use talk.
2 Past Perfect Simple C Talk is often used to refer to conversational
3 Past Perfect Continuous exchanges.
4 Past Perfect Simple 13
5 Past Perfect Continuous 1 told
6 will would 2 said
7 am/are/is going to was/were going to 3 told
8 can could 4 talked
9 must had to
10 We dont usually change may because if we do, it 14
changes the degree of probability. We use a reporting verb, e.g. tell/ask + infinitive and
make any necessary changes to personal pronouns or
8 time references.
A She added that she was also seeing Maria that day.
B He said that he had gone/been to see his best friend 15
the previous night/night before. Open answers
C She said that she had been walking to Davids house
when she (had) bumped into Marco. Go through the Frequent Mistakes box.
D He added that he had seen her nearly every day since
he (had) met her.
E She insisted that she had not been arguing with her Reading and Use of English
sister. (pages 142-143)
F He promised that he would be there for my birthday
party. 16
G She said that she was going to arrange her sisters Open answers
graduation party the following/next day.
H He added that he could help me/us choose Janes 17 After doing the exercise, check for any new vocabulary
present. e.g.
I She said that I had to visit our aunt the following/next Paragraph 1:
week. No-Mans-Land
J He said he may/might go into the family business. Paragraph 2:
in their heart of hearts
9
1 For yes/no indirect questions, we use if/whether and 1 C 2 D 3 F 4 G 5 E 6 B A is not needed.
the verb in the affirmative/negative position in the
sentence. 18 If necessary, give students phrases such as:
2 For how/wh questions, we use how/wh to introduce
If I were Id
the clause and the verb in the affirmative/negative
I think they should...
position in the sentence.
Perhaps the best thing would be to...
59
See page 96 for the students recording script. back to your forefathers.
Each of the people you find out about has had a
21 series of easily identified life events. These events
Open answers include the obvious such as birth, christening,
!
education, marriage, military service, employment,
Exam Tip! death, and burial. And it is the first of these that
gives you the best leads because you have records
Go through this with the students. Emphasise the
which tell you about the family into which a person
reasons behind the tip it will help students to
was born.
remember it.
When you begin your project, write down all the
important pieces of information you collect. This
22 Give students time to work in pairs to try to predict what includes who the person involved is, what the event
the answers could be. was and so on. You need evidence that the event
After doing the exercise, ask students to make notes on actually took place. What many people doing
the following useful expressions from the text: genealogy for the first time dont remember to do is
from the outset to make a note of the source of the information. You
burial will need this later as you usually have to come back
fussy to earlier information later in your research.
nickname Now, when you gather information on a person, write
the persons full name, including all middle names
and in addition to the actual name any title that
1 journey might be relevant for example Doctor. This may help
2 computer you especially if it is a common name, for example,
3 yourself John Smith. I know these details may sound
4 birth unnecessarily fussy but they really help in the long
5 source run.
6 title The other tip I have here is that spelling does matter.
7 spelling The name should be exactly as it appears in the
8 quotation marks records you find. In doing research, it is possible that
9 graduation you may find a family name written in two, three, or
10 trail even more different ways. Make a note of any of
these variations; this information may prove valuable
at a later time. Always write a females name using
her family name, never her married name, as this is
Recording script with answers underlined
how you will locate information about her prior to,
Good morning. Im Anthea Wilson and Im just going and after, her marriage. If you only know her married
to give you a few tips about genealogy. Few hobbies, name, then write this in parentheses.
or perhaps I should say passions, offer the reward of Finally, make note of any nicknames that your
60
61
Vocabulary areas Travel; Countable and uncountable nouns; Idioms connected with travel
Grammar A lot of/much/many; little/few; Modal verbs: obligation/deduction
Reading and Use of English Space Travellers Exam Tip!
Part 7: Multiple matching
Writing Travel writing W2: Review Exam Strategies
Listening Ecotourism L3: Multiple matching Exam Tip!
Speaking Ideas to attract more tourists S3: Collaborative task Exam Strategies
Reading and Use of English
Part 1: Green Hotel Trend: Wooden Key Cards
Part 3: Bangladesh visit before the tourists come
Part 4: Key word transformation
6
3 After students have read the article, check that they
Suggested answers: understand the words below. Then ask them to write five
Air travel Train sentences of their own using any new vocabulary.
purser station Text A: Text C:
pilot departure board underwent defining
check-in barrier clocked up saw action
take off guard Text B: deadline
turbulence driver parachutist Text D:
gate platform revered was assigned
air crew tactical
ground crew
1D 2B 3D 4A 5C 6B 7D 8C 9A 10 B
62
! Exam Tip!
14 After doing the listening task, check that students
understand the following vocabulary:
Make sure that students have read and understood the Speaker 1:
tip. kept that in mind
Speaker 2:
green
7 Open answers
perched
steep
Vocabulary (page 151) Speaker 3:
hoards
8 swarm
1 U 2 C 3 U 4 C 5 U 6 U 7 C 8 U (usually) Speaker 4:
9 C 10 C value-for-money
Speaker 5:
9 carbon footprint
1 sadness 2 research 3 baggage 4 air 5 wealth
10 1 D 2 A 3 G 4 E 5 C
Open answers
! Exam Tip!
was one of these popular resorts where there are
hoards of holiday-makers who just seem to take over
Go through this with the students before they do the the whole place. The result is theres very little left of
listening task and make sure that they understand it. the real culture of the place. So this years priority
63
15
Open answers Writing (page 154)
26
Vocabulary (page 153) Suggested answers:
1 Make sure you answer the points in the question.
16 2 Organise the content logically into 3/4 paragraphs.
1 E 2 B 3 C 4 H 5 F 6 A 7 G 8 I 3 Write an interesting opening paragraph.
4 Write a closing paragraph with impact.
17 5 Use linkers so that your reader can follow your train of
Open answers thought.
6 Use a variety of verb tenses and make sure that there
arent any mistakes.
Grammar (pages 153-154) 7 Write in an appropriate register.
8 Ensure you hold the attention of your reader.
18
Women must cover up and not wear low tops or short Suggested answers for own tips: Write an interesting
skirts. description of the trip. Give your personal opinion of the
Men should keep their tops on. trip.
You shouldnt smoke, eat, or drink during daylight hours
in public during Ramadan.
64
27 The students also wrote reviews in Units 4 and 10. Ask Reading and Use of English
students to look at these pieces of writing and your
marks and comments so that they can take these into (pages 156-157)
consideration when writing this review.
Part 1
1 C 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 B 7 D 8 B
Open answers
Part 3
Speaking (page 154) 1 ignored 2 adventurous 3 relatively
4 unforgettable 5 necessarily 6 hospitable
Go through the Exam Strategies with the students.
7 destination 8 attention
28 Part 4
Open answers
29 You could ask the students to present their suggestions 1 twice//as much 2 to//his advice
in groups of six/eight or to the whole class. Monitor their 3 far as//Im/I am concerned 4 have//a tendency
pronunciation, delivery and language use. 5 made me//lose my 6 didnt/did not//run out of
Open answers
2
1 will/must 2 must 3 may/might/could 4 may/might
5 must have
65
Interviewer: And is it getting harder to get children risk of injury, so following the rules makes you safer.
to do exercise? To my mind, its the less sensational injuries that are
Donna: Before I started working in the health caused by doing a sport badly that happen most
business, I would have said that children who have frequently. By that I mean not holding your body or
parents who are keen on tennis or golf would be the your equipment in the right way. Often its the
most important factor in determining whether a child repetition of this faulty action that results in
takes up sport or not, but thats not the case. excessive load on tissues and subsequent injury.
Because many children have access to the Internet Interviewer: Thank you, Donna for all
and they watch TV, they know a lot about the top
sportspeople and a child only has to see a sports- 5
person as someone to admire and emulate and the 1 Read the instructions and the questions carefully.
child wants to do sport. He or she will join the school 2 Mark your answers lightly on the question paper.
sports team and make friends with similar interests. Dont worry if youre not sure about an answer. You
will hear the recording again.
Interviewer: Thats good because they learn how to
3 Check your first answers and answer all the
do it properly.
questions. If you have not answered one, guess. You
Donna: Yes. People are generally good about doing are not penalised for wrong answers.
some exercises before they start to get the joints and 4 You have to write a word or phrase you hear on the
muscles working. And in all honesty, with running for recording as your answer for Part 2.
example, you cant just go out and run a marathon, 5 You can write your answers on the question paper
so you increase your distance gradually. What I find while you listen. At the end of the recording, you have
people overlook though is doing some bends and 5 minutes to transfer them onto the Answer sheet.
stretches before they go and have their shower. This You must use a pencil.
is important to stop you feeling stiff the next day.
Interviewer: So would you say that running is a good
sport for all-round fitness? Vocabulary (page 160)
Donna: Although its good for your lungs and
obviously your legs, I think other sports should be 6 Depending on your class, you may be able to discuss
considered, like swimming or playing football, cancer, diabetes, SARS, EBOLA or AIDS.
although the former is only good for you if you do it
properly with your head in the water and your spine
in a line otherwise you can get lower back problems. Suggested answers:
A lot of people suggest walking but to me its a bit toothache can be caused by tooth decay
like running only not as effective. So Id go for a measles and chicken pox are caused by viruses
team sport like the one we mentioned. Its a good a cough can be caused by an inflamed throat
all-body workout and you have fun. an upset stomach can be caused by eating bad food
Interviewer: And how do we know how much exercise 7 Some of these phrasal verbs are listed on page 188 of
to do? the Students Book. Make sure that by the end of your
Donna: Good question. The government recommends course, students know all the verbs on page 188.
one hour of physical activity a day. And this activity Point out that nurse in answer A is a verb.
should be of at least moderate intensity. But I think
if you can manage something more strenuous, and
you can do that on two days a week, thats even 1 F 2 D 3 A 4 B 5 C
better. Activities that are weight-bearing are good.
Interestingly, a recent report by medical experts says 8 Point out to the students that these expressions are
an hours activity a day isnt enough. If you want to usually preceded by the verbs given in the sentences. In
avoid heart disease and obesity, you need to do 90 sentence 3 to black out is a verb.
minutes exercise a day.
Interviewer: And although I dont want to end on a
pessimistic note, whats the most common cause of 1 was in really bad shape = in poor physical condition
injury? 2 looks like a bag of bones = extremely thin
Donna: The ones we hear about in the news are 3 blacked out = lost consciousness
always traumatic injuries. These are usually the 4 I am feeling off colour = look/feel ill
result of impact and collisions, and generally theres 5 they are back on their feet again = physically healthy
not much you can do to prevent them. But in most again
games one of the aims of the rules is to reduce the 6 He looks run down = in poor physical condition
67
14
1 out 5 at
Speaking (page 164)
2 under 6 by 18 Go through phrases A-D with the students checking that
3 for 7 out they understand them all.
4 below 8 on
Open answers
68
22
1 2 1 A 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 A 6 D 7 B 8 D
2 Yes, Part 1. Part 2
3 If you write too many words, it probably means you
are including material which is not relevant and you 1 that 2 off/out 3 as 4 out 5 have 6 downs
could lose marks because of this. The examiner 7 in 8 to
draws a line at the approximate place where the
correct length is reached and directs close Part 4
assessment to what comes before this. However,
credit is given for relevant work which comes later. If 1 to avoid//hitting
your answer is too short, the examiner adjusts the 2 to prevent people//(from) walking
maximum mark and the mark given proportionately. 3 with so//much skill
4 You should answer the question and show evidence of: 4 ought//to have taken
accuracy and range of grammar 5 from Robert//nobody (else) has
range and appropriacy of vocabulary 6 old enough//to look after
69
12.B
1 education 2 enthusiastic 3 essential
4 underline 5 impossible 6 successful Presenter: and with the time coming up to a quarter to
7 themselves 8 completion nine, its time to hear from Sean Ryan again, as he takes
a look at another of the worlds great architectural
Part 4 masterpieces.
1 apologised for//having been/being Sean Ryan: Few buildings exist which have an equally
2 would rather//eat high approval rating among critics, architects and the
3 been put off/till/until general public. The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao is
4 lorry was being driven undoubtedly one. When the decision was taken in 1981
5 not having//been able to to ask the Guggenheim Foundation in New York to open a
6 looks up//to museum in Bilbao, this once thriving industrial city was in
great economic decline. As the Basque government also
Part 5
offered to fund the museums construction and subsidise
31 C 32 B 33 D
its running costs, it was a very risky but forward-thinking
Part 6 undertaking. Set on the river and designed by the
37 D 38 C 39 E 40 A sentence B is not needed award-winning architect, Frank Gehry, construction
began in 1993 and immediately caught the publics
Part 7 attention. At first, people were unsure what to make of it.
43 C 44 A 45 C 46 B 47 A 48 B
Part 3
1 F 2 B 3 D A, C and E are not needed
Listening (pages 183-186)
13.B
Part 1 1
Man: Now that was a bad day! Id been with the kids
1 C 2 B all morning and theyd been driving me crazy, as
usual! So Id taken them to the park to burn off some
11.B
70
just that my aunt had given it to me, so it had a lot of reputation for pushing participants to their limits; you
sentimental value. must both be exhausted.
3
Man: I knew I shouldnt have trusted him. He promised
David: Yeah, it was pretty intense, to tell the truth. I still
to look after it, but I had my doubts from the beginning
cant quite believe its over, actually. You know, I really
well, hes a good mate and everything, but being
didnt know much about any of it when we started. Its
careful with things is not one of his strong points, you
just amazing how much we covered in such a short
know what I mean? Anyway, sure enough, when I
space of time, isnt it?
asked for it back, he just looked at me blankly and
asked what I was going on about Well, I can laugh Megan: Oh absolutely! From acting to directing to editing,
about it now, but at the time it wasnt funny. Still, it we did it all. And I dont mean from the comfort of a
made me realise youve got to take responsibility for classroom, either, this was hands on stuff from Day one!
looking after the things you value. You cant expect It would have all seemed a little scary if the teachers
other people to do it for you. hadnt been so experienced and supportive.
Part 4 David: I couldnt agree more, all the staff there were
24 B 25 A 26 C absolutely first class. I did feel though, that we could
have done a little more backroom technical work, like
14.B
71
3 1 D 2 G 3 I 4 J 5 H 6 B 7 F 8 E 9 C 10 A
L S S
9
S C R U F F Y C A P
10 11
4 1 a 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 a 7 a 8 - 9 an
10 - 11 - 12 a 13 - 14 the 15 a 16 - 17 the H M I
A P I N K R K
12 13
18 - 19 a 20 a
B A G T I N Y
14 15
5 1 C 2 A 3 E 4 G 5 I 6 B 7 H 8 J 9 F B P
10 D 16
Y O U
17
T H P
I D Y E D
18
Reading and Use of English 2 1 was singing 2 enjoyed 3 was having 4 started
5 were producing 6 thought 7 opened
Part 4
8 wasnt breathing 9 turned 10 was feeling
1 the most interesting 2 such an untidy bedroom
11 was fixing 12 slipped 13 admired 14 found
3 cant/cannot wait to start 4 since Emily (last) saw
15 were seeing
5 whose tablet 6 cant/cannot stand getting
72
Unit 3 (page 12) 5 1 wasnt it? 2 didnt you? 3 doesnt he? 4 did
he? 5 can you? 6 wouldnt you? 7 hasnt it?
Society & Equality 8 arent I?
1 1 yet 2 How long 3 last week 4 How long 6 1 So do I. 2 So will I. 3 Nor can I. 4 So have I.
5 for two weeks 6 last year 7 since 8 for two weeks 5 Nor will I. 6 Nor am I. 7 Nor did I. 8 So have I.
Entertainment
& Sociability
1 1 used to be 2 didnt use to go 3 used to have 5 1 stunning 2 creative 3 wooden 4 tedious
4 use to sell 5 used to play 6 usually walks 7 used 5 creative 6 gripping 7 disappointed 8 imaginary
to have 8 used to believe
73
74
Listening
Part 3
Unit 8 (page 32)
1 H 2 G 3 A 4 B 5 F; C, D and E are not needed
6 A 3 B 4 C 1 D 2 E 12 F 6 G 8 H 7 I 9
J 10 K 5 L 11
75
Part 1
1 C 2 A 3 A 4 C 5 B 6 C 7 C 8 B
4 1 C 2 D 3 B 4 E 5 G 6 F 7 K 8 J 9 I
10 H 11 M 12 N 13 L 14 Q 15 O 16 P
17 R 18 V 19 U 20 T 21 S
4 1 G 2 C 3 L 4 K 5 D 6 A 7 J 8 E 9 H
10 B 11 F 12 I Listening
1 Russia 2 sailors 3 chest 4 bravery 5 flash
5 1 A 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 D 6 hand 7 criminals 8 TV/television program(me)s
9 thirty-two/32 10 west
76
3 1 attendance rates 2 fuel bills 3 food fads 3 1 fair-weather friend 2 being on the same wavelength
4 security risks 5 noise problem 6 sports events 3 break up 4 took to 5 split up 6 see eye to eye
7 crash helmets 8 blues festival 7 get on with 8 look up to 9 be at odds with
10 went off 11 fell out
4 1 outcome 2 offbeat 3 uproar 4 uprising
5 outlet 6 outcry 7 outbreak 8 offspring 9 outline 4 1 tell said 2 havent spoken 3 said 4 asked
5 talked 6 speak saying
5 1 outlet 2 outbreak 3 offbeat 4 outline
5 uproar 6 outcry 7 uprising 8 offspring 5 1 David invited Lucas and his girlfriend to their
9 outcome house-warming party the following Saturday.
2 Roberta threatened to ground her son for a week if he
6 1 firework 2 bonfires 3 burning 4 effigy didnt tidy up his room at once.
5 conspiracy 6 blow up 7 gunpowder 8 attend 3 Mary reminded her friend to water the plants while
9 majority 10 involvement 11 assassinate she was away.
4 Lucy offered to test Janet on her irregular French
7 1 Christmas Day 2 Easter 3 Australia Day verbs.
4 Boxing Day 5 New Years Eve 6 Halloween 5 The policeman warned the motorist that there was a
7 Thanksgiving big hold-up ahead and that all traffic must turn off
there.
6 Amy advised Peter to try to make up with Susan.
77
78
79
Part 2 Part 2
9 take 10 just/already 11 back 12 nothing 9 on 10 with 11 which/that 12 as/because
13 whose 14 only 15 was 16 mine 13 each/every 14 were 15 first 16 Over
Part 3 Part 3
17 CONTINUALLY/CONTINUOUSLY 18 REVEALED 17 ELECTRICAL 18 BASIC 19 PERCEPTION
19 UNSURPRISINGLY 20 LIKELY 21 EXPLANATION 20 DISAGREE 21 DISTINCTIONS 22 UNEXPECTED
22 MEMORY 23 EFFECTIVE 24 UNWANTED 23 VARIATIONS 24 FACTOR
Part 4 Part 4
25 get away (1) with cheating (1) 25 is no/isnt any (1) point (in) studying (1)
26 in comparison (1) with/to (1) 26 takes after (1) her mum (1)
27 accused me (1) of breaking (1) 27 there (enough) (1) room for (1)
28 dont/do not fancy (1) going (1) 28 tent did (1) you borrow (1)
29 did the scientists (1) carry out (1) 29 had their house (1) designed by (1)
30 you wish (1) you had/youd (1) 30 Despite/In spite of (1) the rain (1)
Part 5 Part 5
31 B 32 D 33 C 34 D 35 B 36 A 31 C 32 B 33 B 34 D 35 A 36 C
Part 6 Part 6
37 C 38 G 39 A 40 E 41 D 42 F 37 B 38 G 39 D 40 C 41 F 42 A
B is not needed E is not needed
Part 7 Part 7
43 B 44 A 45 C 46 C 47 D 48 B 49 A 43 A 44 C 45 D 46 B47 C 48 A 49 B
50 B 51 A 52 D 50 D 51 A 52 D
Listening Listening
Part 1 Part 1
1 B 2 C 3 C 4 A 5 B 6 C 7 B 8 A 1 B 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 C 6 B 7 A 8 C
Part 2 Part 2
9 fourteen/14 10 foreign language 11 agencies 9 favourite foods 10 soft and fluffy 11 flour and water
12 wide choice 13 wont miss 14 the USA 12 30,000/thirty thousand 13 money 14 sunflower
15 learn and explore 16 volunteers 15 (far) easier 16 time 17 200/two hundred
17 high level 18 (enthusiastic) beginners 18 one loaf
Part 3 Part 3
1 E 2 H 3 C 4 D 5 F A, B and G are not needed 19 F 20 H 21 B 22 C 23 G A, D and E are not
needed
Part 4
24 C 25 A 26 B 27 C 28 B 29 A 30 B Part 4
24 B 25 B 26 C 27 A 28 B 29 C 30 A
80
81
B uild students awareness of sequencing of tenses and R emind students of the importance of checking their
reference words in texts. work.
evelop their ability to deduce the meaning of new
D A llow students occasionally to write a second draft of
words from the context. their work incorporating your/peer feedback.
82
R aise awareness of the different purposes for listening, B e aware of when it is appropriate to correct speaking:
e.g. is the question asking students to listen for gist, overcorrection can lead to students being afraid to
detail, function, purpose, attitude, opinion, etc.? speak and undercorrection can lead to students
U se the recording scripts if possible, to show where making unnecessary slips.
answers are located in texts and how distractors work. ake sure that students take any opportunities that
M
E xploit the recording scripts for intensive study from there are for using English outside the classroom.
time to time, looking at structures, vocabulary,
functions for expressing opinions, agreeing/ Six months to go
disagreeing, etc.
M ake sure students recognise paraphrasing, e.g. they M
ake sure that you help students with pronunciation.
may hear a phrase on the recording and have to There will probably be certain sounds, features of
equate it with a paraphrase on the question paper. intonation, etc. which are the result of L1 interference
so make sure that you tailor pronunciation practice to
One month to go those areas.
W hen teaching new language, make sure that students
M
ake sure that students get used to answering the can pronounce words correctly and that they can use
questions on the question paper and then transferring the contracted forms of structures such as, I wouldve
their answers onto the answer sheet correctly in the chosen that if Id
time given. They should pay particular attention to Part G ive students lots of opportunities to use a range of
2, where they must write their answers clearly in capital linkers appropriately this will help them in both the
letters. Speaking and Writing tests.
R emind students that each correct answer gets one P lay games such as Just a minute, so that students
mark. get used to speaking for one minute in Part 2.
E ncourage students to use the time before the E ncourage students to ask questions, give opinions
recording starts effectively, e.g. highlighting key words and comment on topics and tasks throughout their
in questions. course: this includes asking for their partners opinions.
M ake sure that they learn to stop thinking about one D evise a system for marking/rewarding active
question when the recording has gone onto the next participation in classroom tasks.
question.
E ncourage students to expand their answers/
W arn them about word spotting: hearing a word on contributions.
the recording and seeing the same word in the
question and jumping to the conclusion that it must be
One month to go
the answer. It could well be a distractor.
M ake sure that they get into the habit of checking that M
ake sure students know what they have to do in each
their completed sentence in Part 2 makes sense. part of the test and what sort of language they will be
expected to produce, e.g. negotiation/collaboration in
Part 3.
Countdown to the SPEAKING T rain students to paraphrase if they do not know or
cannot remember a word.
paper R emind students that they can ask the interlocutor to
repeat a question if necessary.
One year to go
If possible, show students a model of a good speaking
B e a good role model of a speaker of English in class. test; you could do this with a colleague or you could
B uild up students confidence in speaking by making get a Speaking Preparation pack from Cambridge
sure they have sufficient language input before they do ESOL.
speaking tasks. R aise students awareness of how much they should
M ake sure you have a profile of most of your students: contribute in Part 3, i.e. how much they should initiate
what are their strengths and weaknesses in speaking? and how much they should respond. A balance of both
And then make sure students are supported is ideal.
appropriately. R emind students that they are not judged on their ideas
E ncourage discussions on the reasons for speaking or opinions but on their grammar and vocabulary,
English: travel, education, jobs, access to a wider discourse management, pronunciation and interactive
range of Internet sites, etc. communication.
E ven if you have a big class, make sure that students There is an explanation of these terms and further
have plenty of opportunities to speak, e.g. by doing practice materials in the Cambridge English: First
pair work or small group work. Handbook for teachers and on the Cambridge website.
83
called Jack.
1 You hear a student talking about his favourite subject at When I first saw him, I could hardly believe he was
school. serious about wanting to come to the sports academy. He
Weve started doing environmental science at school and was tall and skinny, bandy-legged and I thought hed
its really great. I didnt find it easy at first but now I love never last 20 minutes, never mind a whole game on
it. Do you realise that if we investigated the deep ocean court. I couldnt have been more wrong. His parents had
more, we might be able to find ways of producing enough made the huge investment to bring him to one of the
high-protein food to feed the whole world? Thats most prestigious academies and after a few months I
awesome in itself but the reason I think Ive really taken could see that while others had sore arms and backs,
to the subject is that it can bring in elements of biology, Jack was developing steadily into a player with a future.
other sciences and even sociology. I find all these areas
really fascinating.
6 You overhear a girl talking on the phone about her new
school.
2 You hear a woman talking about the human brain. I dont really know what I expected before I started this
You often hear this idea that people who are good at school but it wasnt this. I was worried about not making
logical thinking use the left part of their brain and that new friends but they have this great system where you
people who are creative and imaginative use the right have a buddy; someone in your class who shows you
side of their brain. But where is the evidence for this? In where things are, explains how things work and
fact, if you look at a lot of famous musicians, they are introduces you to everyone. They also have a fantastic
often very good at maths and music. How do you explain science block with all the latest equipment; it looks
that? I think its wrong to make these sweeping complicated but in fact itll make lessons more
generalisations and to pigeon-hole someone, especially interesting.
when they are still young.
7 You hear two friends talking about the school film club.
3 You overhear two young people talking about their Boy: Hi, Martha, did you enjoy the film club yesterday?
careers.
Girl: Hi, Paul, yes. There are loads of new members,
Woman: I must admit that I chose this because you can arent there?
earn really good money. Boy: Yes, and that means theres a lot more discussion of
Man: Does that mean that you dont really enjoy it? the film after weve seen it, which is great.
Woman: The studies were hard but once I started working Girl: And thats why I started going. I need a range of
and building up experience, I began to love it. opinions on films to include in my coursework.
Man: I think, because were both working with Boy: Oh, yeah, of course. My projects on politics, so in
pharmaceutical companies helping them get patents for fact, I just sit back and enjoy the film!
new medicines, were doing something worthwhile.
Woman: I must admit I wouldnt like to work in a court
8 You will hear a woman talking about competition at
school.
making judgements about peoples lives every day. I
much prefer dealing with patent offices. I dont know why some people say children shouldnt be
encouraged to be competitive at school. Can you
4 You hear two business students talking about cultural imagine if a school didnt have a sports day? My
differences. daughter would really miss that and I know lots of other
Boy: Id like to study more about cultural awareness children would, too. I think it would be unfair to pretend
because when I go into business I dont want to make that competition doesnt exist in the world; its better to
some stupid mistake like hugging someone when I prepare children for it at school. Anyway, a lot of the
should be shaking their hand! things they do when theyre in teams teach them to
Girl: What makes a big difference is when a business cooperate with other people. Honestly!
person can say even just a few simple greetings in his
colleagues language.
Unit 2 (page 24, ex 25)
3.A
86
what we nowadays consider to be money. They used Bay. The beads were offered at important ceremonies
barter. The barter system is where you exchange valuable such as weddings.
personal possessions for other goods that you want.
From 9,000-6,000 B.C., livestock, such as sheep, were
often used as a unit of exchange. This kind of exchange Unit 3 (page 31, ex 10)
4.A
started at the dawn of civilisation and is still used today.
Later, as agriculture developed, people used crops for Speaker 1
barter. For example, one farmer could ask another farmer I think whats exciting these days is the feeling that the
to trade a kilo of oranges for a kilo of bananas. whole concept of society is changing; and thats good. I
dont mean we should throw out our traditions and only
Moving on to something which is like money as we know embrace everything thats new, but what I do mean is
it today, in about 1200 B.C. in China, shells became the that we have the opportunity now to see the world as a
first medium of exchange, or money. These have served whole, to take care of the earth and to look beyond our
as money throughout history even to the middle of the immediate surroundings. I know some people dont like
20th century. this idea because they think well lose our identity but I
In 1,000 B.C., China began to produce mock versions out see it as the society of the 21st century.
of metal. They can be thought of as the original
development of coins. In addition, tools made of metal Speaker 2
were also used in China as money. From these models, Theres no doubt whatsoever in my mind that the
we developed todays round coins that we use daily. The hallmark of a civilised society is one where firstly,
Chinese coins were usually made out of base metals education is freely available. Whether a person comes
which had holes in them so that you could put the coins from a deprived background or a privileged one, that
together in units of ten, for example, to make a chain. person has the right to free education, which will allow
him or her to make choices in life. People should be able
In about 500 B.C., pieces of silver were made into the to study and work to the best of their ability and no doors
earliest coins. Eventually, they took on the appearance of should be closed to them because of their background,
todays coins and were imprinted with various gods and religion, or ethnicity. I feel really strongly about this.
emperors to mark their value. These coins were then
used in Turkey but the methods were used over and over Speaker 3
again, and further improved upon by the Greek, Persian, I used to think that society meant knowing where you
Macedonian, and Roman Empires. Unlike Chinese coins, came from and respecting that. You know, wanting to
which relied on base metals, these new coins were made hear stories from old folk about how life was when they
of precious metals such as bronze. were young and reading about the past. But I go by what I
see happening now to judge whether a place has a sense
Then in 118 B.C., banknotes in the form of leather money of community or not. Youve only got to look round any
were used in China. One-foot square pieces of white city, town or village and to take a look at whats going on
deerskin edged in bright colours were exchanged for there to see if that society has a sense of community.
goods. We believe this is the beginning of a kind of paper Have they organised events such as music festivals and
money. so on or can no one be bothered?
During the ninth century A.D., the conquering Danes in
Ireland had an expression, To pay through the nose. It Speaker 4
comes from the practice of cutting the noses of local This is a really hard subject to talk about because its so
people who didnt pay their tax to the Danes. complicated. I live in London, a huge multicultural city,
and what I see that I really like is people celebrating
From the ninth century to the fifteenth century A.D., in everyone elses customs. I mean, Chinese New Year is a
China, the first actual paper currency was used. huge event in most big cities around the world and
Throughout this period the amount of currency everyone joins in. And I think this is whats important.
skyrocketed and led to severe inflation. Unfortunately, in Even if, as we say, we now live in a global village, people
1455, the use of the currency vanished from China. should still celebrate New Year, Divali and countless other
European civilisation still would not have paper currency events wherever they are. They shouldnt lose this.
for many years.
In 1535, though probably well before this earliest Speaker 5
recorded date, strings of beads, called wampum, were Ive had a long and rich life. And I dont mean rich in the
used by Native Americans as money. Wampum means sense of wealth. I mean that Ive been lucky enough all
white, the colour of the beads. These beads were used by my life to live in places where democratic rights are
people living in the area which we now know as New York observed. It may sound as though Im stating the
87
obvious, but you havent got to go back far in history to James: Quite honestly the idea that Im now on some
see what I mean. All women only got the vote in England lofty pedestal which distances me from my audience is
in 1929. And how did they get it? They held rallies, they so far from reality I cant believe it! OK, Ive been given
marched on parliament. You ask me what society is? This this fickle title of celebrity but just ask my friends and
is what it is the right to shout for what you believe in family and theyll tell you Im still human! In fact, my mum
from the rooftops. just laughs at it and tells me to turn the other cheek.
Interviewer: Is that why youve bought a house on a
remote Spanish island to escape from the limelight?
Unit 4 (page 43, ex 16)
5.A
88
Boy: We just have to choose something that she will 6 You hear two teenagers discussing a pop stars
appreciate, something fair-trade, green, organic, involvement in a green campaign.
recycled, you know. You can get great T-shirts that shed
Girl: Did you read about Basha lending his voice to the
like.
Save the Whale campaign?
Girl: Yeah, but shes got loads. Youre right though, she
Boy: Yeah, smart move. Got his name in lots of papers.
hardly ever goes shopping so theres not much point in
Bet he doesnt even know what a whale looks like!
getting her one of those nice cloth bags. I know,
something to chill out to, candles made with essential Girl: Youre so cynical. At least a lot more people all over
oils. the world know about the issue now in more detail.
Boy: Yeah, she can use them at her party. Boy: The Save the Whale campaign has been going on
for years. I think Basha should stick to what he does best,
3 You hear a radio announcement about a competition. write good songs and do great live performances when
The Green Challenge is on again. The team with the best hes on tour.
idea will win 500,000 euros to execute the winning Girl: OK. Keep your hair on!
planned invention. It goes without saying that the
invention must contribute to an eco-friendly lifestyle and
7 You hear a woman talking about advances in science.
directly reduce greenhouse gas emissions but this year I saw this TV programme about advances in medical
were also stipulating that the product must be user- science the other evening. It started out on a very positive
friendly. Its got to be practical and convenient. Last year note looking at how a better understanding of the human
the quality of the competitors was extremely high and genetic code may lead to the elimination of certain
were expecting this years to be even higher. Remember illnesses. Then it went on to examine the possibility of
that wed rather see inventions that meet the green people living on to be 110 quite easily. What got me
requirements than those that are purely innovative in though was they didnt seem to discuss what sort of
terms of design. Good luck! quality of life these 110-year-olds could hope to enjoy. Im
all for giving nature a little helping hand; Im not opposed
4 You hear two people debating wind farms. to the odd dab of anti-wrinkle cream myself, but I just
Man: well, there doesnt actually seem to be evidence thought mm
that they are a reliable source of energy. But my main
concern, as a botanist, is the damage they will do to
8 You hear a tour guide giving advice to tourists.
colonies of birds and bats Now this area, although not traditionally a mosquito-
Woman: Well, Im coming at it from a different angle, and infested zone, is becoming one. Due to global warming,
that is, people who live near wind farms will find that they mosquitoes are increasingly found here, so protect
wont able to sell their homes for the sort of prices they yourself. There are several ways of doing this. You could
would have got before. People dont always think about stay in around the hours of sunrise and sunset but that
this, they worry that it may be noisy but quite honestly would significantly reduce the benefits of being on
most of us live with high levels of noise pollution these holiday. What undoubtedly works best is using a spray.
days Most good ones now can give you at least ten hours
protection. Wearing long sleeves and long trousers helps
5 You hear a teacher talking about a school environmental to some extent but I always find mosquitoes have an
project. annoying habit of getting down your collar, under your
A couple of years ago, I introduced the idea of making a shirt, etc.
school garden and it was received very positively with
parents donating plants and even trees. This was a relief
Unit 6 (page 59, ex 6)
7.A
89
The reason for this softness becomes obvious when you Iforganic clothing made from bamboobecomes
look at the fibre through a microscope. Whereas cotton popular, it means more bamboo plantations, which
has long flat fibres, bamboo fibre has a round surface means more photosynthesis and fewer greenhouse
and this is what gives it its smoothness and feeling of gases. The greatest challenge facing mankind would
luxury. just get a little easier.
8.A
petrol-based material causes skin irritation and in some
cases a rash. Another distinct drawback to petrol-based Speaker 1
fabrics is not so much to the wearer as to those around When I joined the company where I work now, I realised
him or her the fabric starts to have a nasty smell really, that lots of my colleagues belonged to a local gym and
not long after youve put it on. that the company paid for them to do that. And at first I
just thought, thats nice, we can all have fun together and
Bamboo is the fastest-growing plant in the world, mainly it might be a good way for me to get to know new people.
because it has extraordinary natural ability to absorb How wrong can you get? After just a couple of weeks the
water. This helps the plant grow fast.In fabric form it pressure started building up. I was expected to take on
retains this unique, remarkable property. It draws more and more and I realised that if I didnt start playing
moisture from the body which then evaporates, keeping squash or something like that my blood pressure would
you naturally dry. Its three to four times more rocket!
absorbent than cotton.
Speaker 2
Bamboo is remarkably breathable.In the heat, bamboo It was when I was a teenager. Looking back on it now, I can
is naturally cool to the touch and this property is see that it was just a phase I was going through. Those
maintained in its fabric form.The cross-section of the teenage years are hard and I was beginning to lose my
bamboo fibre is filled with various micro-holes which self-esteem. Luckily for me we had a brilliant sports
give it much better ventilation.Its also very warm in cold teacher; she was always full of energy, so made you feel
weather, because of the same micro-structure; as a base good. She could also see and understand what was
layer, warm air gets trapped next to the skin. happening to us. She suggested I played tennis for the
school because I was quite good at it. I began to do well
In the wild, bamboo thrives naturally without using any and even won a championship and before I knew it, I had a
pesticides or fertilisers. It is seldom eaten by pests or very positive outlook on life.
infected by bacteria.Why?Scientists found that bamboo
owns a unique bio-agent which means that bacteria Speaker 3
cant survive in bamboo. This natural feature is retained I cant say that my job is stressful but there is a drawback
in fabric form. to it, and that is its sedentary. I began to notice my
waistline expanding so I decided to join the local golf
In addition, tests by the Japanese Textile Inspection club. I know that its not the most physical of sports but it
Association found that, even after putting bamboo works for me. I get out onto the green most weekends
clothes through the wash fifty times, bamboo fabric still and end up walking quite a few miles. People keep asking
possessed this function. me if I go there to make more business contacts but I can
honestly say that wasnt my intention but I have made
Bamboo clothing is strong and durable so it will stand up some good new friends almost as an extra bonus!
to years and years of wear. Repeated tests show this. The
same bamboo is used for scaffolding in the construction Speaker 4
industry to build skyscrapers in Hong Kong. That just I moved to a new town because of a fantastic job
shows how much trust you can put in the strength of opportunity. I knew I was going to have to work long
bamboo! hours and that the job would be challenging. But I was
determined that wouldnt stop me from enjoying my free
Now I know many people worry when a new wonder time. I joined a dance class because someone had told
fabric or fuel, Im thinking of bio-fuels, they worry me that a really good crowd went there and did lots of
growing plantations and plantations of it will have a things together after the classes. That sounded just the
negative impact on the local area. Again, not so with thing I was looking for and I havent looked back since
bamboo. Bamboo actually makes the condition of the or had a night in in front of the telly!
soil better where it is grown. Bamboo also can grow on
hill slopes where nothing else is viable. Speaker 5
I was finding I was sleeping more and more and just
90
couldnt be bothered to do much at all apart from study, misuse and related offending has a part to play as well
eat, and sleep. Then I went to stay with my uncle and as the profusion of portable consumer goods, including
aunt for a holiday. Hes a keen runner and he just cars and their contents.
wouldnt take no for an answer when he asked me to go Interviewer: And in England, what type of crime is
out running with him one morning. I moaned and common?
groaned but after a couple of days I found I had loads of
Helen: There are significant variations between countries
get-up and go and I was even asking him to make the
according to the types of crime you risk becoming a
runs longer!
victim of. Ive just been looking at figures for England and
the Netherlands and the former, closely followed by Italy,
is the car crime capital of Europe, whereas,
Unit 8 (page 80, ex 9)
9.A
91
different person took our order and there were lots of Boy: Anyway, theres no evidence of nasty side effects to
nibbles and things for us to munch on while we waited. I consuming GM foods. But I do know theres a strong
was really enjoying myself. Then my main course came; anti-GM movement in the UK, mainly coming from
the meat was really chewy and quite honestly I dont organic farmers who are worried, quite rightly so, about
think it was one of the better cuts of meat to start with. how it will affect agricultural land. Other people think its
The pudding wasnt exactly stunning either. You wouldnt just another way for big companies to make mega bucks!
mind so much but it was really pricey. Wed been warned
about that and it was supposed to be my birthday treat so 6 You hear a man talking about fast food.
we were pushing the boat out. As a student, I used to eat burgers and stuff like that
because it was cheap food or so I thought. Actually its
2 You hear a man talking about cooking.
just as cheap to make a healthy bowl of pasta and thats
I was brought up in a house of good cooks. You should twice as satisfying. When I was away for a couple of
have tasted my grandmothers apple pie! I thought weeks last summer with some mates from university, I
everyone was a good cook so I couldnt believe it when I slipped back into the habit a bit. But I kept thinking this
met my girlfriend and she told me that boiling an egg was only tastes of salt and sugar and wondered why I was
the height of her culinary skills! But I guess what got me eating it. I must admit, if Im really pushed for time, like
into it was an old battered-looking hardback I found in a when I finish work at nearly 7 and want to get to see a
junk shop. It has really unusual recipes and its even got film at 7.30, I do just grab something then. But its not
someones handwritten notes in the margins with extra that often.
hints. I just couldnt resist trying them out. And the rest,
as they say, is history. 7 You hear a woman talking about her local supermarket.
I know a lot of people complain about supermarkets and
3 You hear two students talking about their course in food
they worry about whats happening to smaller shops but I
technology.
must say our local supermarket has always been great.
Male: There was a lot of information to absorb in that Often when you go in theres a wonderful smell of baking;
lecture on all the food additives, wasnt there? its really mouth-watering. But what theyve just started
Female: Youre not joking. I dont know how the lecturer doing is advertising food that comes from this region.
managed to pack so much into one hour! Ill have to read I think people are more aware of food miles these days
up on it later though, because it was all new to me. Still, and they are less keen on beans that have been flown in
by the time weve finished this course, well be able to from the other side of the world so thats really good.
walk into any branch of catering; were covering so many
8 You hear a brother and sister talking about the food they
subject areas.
eat at home.
Male: Yeah, I hadnt realised wed have so many options
open to us with a degree in food technology. Girl: Mums cooked an Indian dish for dinner tonight. Its
got prawns in it.
4 You hear two friends talking about Japanese food. Boy: Great. I love seafood. I wonder what spices shes
Woman: Ive really got into Japanese cuisine recently. used. Anyway she always gets it just right.
And Ive made quite a few different dishes already. Girl: Yeah, not too hot, not too mild. Its the same with
Man: Arent the recipes long and complicated? everything she cooks though its just so yummy. Im
going to make some bread at the weekend with
Woman: Well, I guess like most cuisines, there must be
wholemeal flour and walnuts.
some that are but Im going for simpler ones that I can
prepare when I get home from work. The presentation is Boy: Wow! Sounds great! You could set yourself up as a
important and thats what appeals. All your senses should high-class chef when youve finished college.
be involved in the enjoyment of eating so your eyes are Girl: You have to be amazingly good to get anywhere in
important too. the catering business and its seriously hard work.
Man: And people say that things like rice and fresh fish
are good for you
Unit 10 (page 99, ex 4)
4.B
92
apes. These species not only need special measures and which were considered to have magic properties.
extra protection in order to survive, they also serve as Reportedly, during the sixteenth century, Queen Elizabeth
umbrella species. Helping them helps numerous other bought a Narwhal tusk for the cost of ten thousand
species that inhabit the same environment. pounds the cost of a castle. The tusk was used as her
Among marine wildlife, seven out of the 13 great whale sceptre.
species are still endangered or vulnerable, even after Until recently, humankind seemed to view the ocean as
decades of protection. Whales, dolphins and porpoises a source of infinite resources. The truth is that the
are succumbing to new and ever-increasing dangers. For populations of many species are decreasing at an
North Atlantic whales, collision with ships has taken over unsustainable rate. The threats to marine species are
as the greatest risk rather than entanglement in fishing difficult to perceive because marine animals are not as
gear, while the critically endangered Western North visible as animals on land. Animals that have taken
Pacific gray whale is at serious risk because of intensive millions of years to evolve, that are invaluable to all
oil and gas development in its feeding grounds. ecosystems, have vanished and continue to vanish from
While other organisations are focusing their research on places where they once flourished.
hazards such as toxic contamination or habitat
degradation, were currently looking at the effects of
climate change and what this means for marine wildlife, Unit 11 (page 109, ex 4)
5.B
in particular, mammals.
We are also combating risks to whales by lobbying to Speaker 1
bring whale hunting under the strict control of the Before I went for the interview everyone I talked to
International Whaling Commission. However, we see the seemed to have really good advice and I was getting
best results from education, and I mean to people of all stressed with all the new information. What Id
ages and occupations, I dont just mean children. We recommend though, because it actually helped me, is
also hope to see improved national and international make a short list of what you think the requirements are
action and agreements in the near future. in the position. For example, the ad might have said
We work in several areas of species protection around something like, good communication essential. So if you
the world that live within our priority eco-regions. Large keep this in your head at interview, you can bring in
predators like snow leopards and grizzly bears, migratory examples to demonstrate that you have the ability to do
species like songbirds, and a host of other species facing this. Itll make them realise that youre the right person for
threats also benefit from our conservation efforts. the job.
Different groups work on different projects. One group
known as TRAFFIC works to ensure that trade in wildlife Speaker 2
products doesnt harm a species, while also fighting A friend gave me a great tip. Before you leave the house,
against illegal and unsustainable trade. do a quick search on Google to get latest share prices,
I work with the two main categories of whales: the and any mention of the company in Google news. Having
baleen whales, and toothed whales. fresh up-to-date information on the company gives you
The baleen whales are named for their feeding extra points. But my tip is, think about your whole
apparatus, baleen, which descend from the roof of the appearance. Id put on a nice suit, plain shirt, and tie. But
mouth. Baleen is made of hard but flexible material, I hadnt thought beyond that. I just put all my papers in a
similar to that of human fingernails, rooted in the plastic bag. When I arrived, I saw the interviewers smile
animals upper jaw. The baleen act like a sieve, allowing change to a frown as his gaze went from my suit to what I
a whale to strain food out of the water food which was holding in my hand!
includes small fish and plankton.
There are 13 species of baleen whales. They range in Speaker 3
size from the compact minke whale, whose average This is key to the process. And theres nothing wrong with
length is around 8 metres, to the gargantuan blue whale, physically getting out your piece of paper when you are
which can reach lengths of over 33 metres and weigh up at the interview. It shows you have prepared and made
to as much as 32 elephants. Thats 120 tons. an effort. Be careful not to ask about things in a wooden
Of the toothed whales Narwhal whales are my favourite. way though and this can happen if youre reading from
They are known more for their almost unicorn-like tusk or your notes. Make sure you find out exactly what the job
tooth that springs from their forehead in the male of the involves, who youll be working with, etc. All this shows
species. The tooth actually grows from the left side of the that youre keen and interested. And remember an
upper jaw and is twisted into a left-handed helix. The interview is a two-way process; they need you as much
tooth can be up to three metres long. as you need them.
The tusk of the Narwhal was sold by Vikings and other
northern traders as the horns of the legendary unicorn
93
94
about presents and eating till you felt youd explode! 5 You hear a teacher talking about a lesson shes just
What made New Years Eve special was that most people had.
in our village still carried out an old ritual. A villager would
Ive just had year 9 and I just happened to mention that
knock on your door just after midnight and hand you a
Id made some delicious pancakes both savoury and
piece of coal. It was a symbol of prosperity for the
sweet versions for my family on Tuesday and they were all
coming year. I dont really know why but I always found it
quite interested in the idea that you can be creative and
exciting. At midnight my mother would play Auld Lang
put what you like as a filling in them. But what I couldnt
Syne on the piano and wed all sing as loudly as we
get over was that not one of them had the faintest idea
could!
about why we have that tradition that Christians used to
2 You hear two teenagers discussing traditional events. use up the eggs, flour, milk and so on in the house before
they fasted for 40 days before Easter. In fact, they were
Girl: The only time Ive ever danced round a maypole was really interested so theyre going to look up Pancake Day
when I was at school. We learnt how to do it. I think some on the Internet and report back next lesson.
places in the countryside might still do it, you know, in
villages, but most people these days just dont care about 6 You hear two friends discussing the idea that the world
it. is a global village.
Boy: Well I must admit, I dont see the point of it. Whats Boy: Ive just talked to my brother in Brazil; hes working
it about anyway? We live in a different world now. Apart there for one year working on a water treatment project.
from Christmas and New Year and birthdays of course, Thats the great thing nowadays, isnt it? There are more
my family doesnt really take part in any traditional things. opportunities to work abroad.
Girl: Mine neither. Girl: Yes, as they say the worlds a global village. Its a
3 You hear a woman talking about globalisation. small world! Just look at our town its fantastic you can
meet people from all corners of the world. I think this
All you hear about these days is globalisation. And in phenomenon will become more apparent too.
most cases its people saying that its a good thing; you Boy: Yes, as long as everyone doesnt flock to just one or
can travel more easily, you can get to know the cultures two places. It could have a serious impact on a regions
of other countries more easily. It seems to me, though, resources and mean that cities expand and sprawl over
that the only thing anyone is really interested in is making valuable farmland.
a fast buck. Businesses are looking for new markets to
sell the same old stuff. I read an interesting article about 7 You hear a man talking to a girl about Guy Fawkes
globalisation and how in the future national borders will Night.
disappear. I think whoever wrote it is living in cloud
Girl: Is it only in Britain that people commemorate Guy
cuckoo land!
Fawkes?
4 You hear a couple discussing a holiday theyve just Boy: Yeah, mostly. 1605, November the fifth, London,
been on. Guy Fawkes was arrested for trying to blow up the Houses
of Parliament.
Man: That was a great holiday, wasnt it? I cant believe
Ive got to go back to work tomorrow. Girl: In class today we talked about it but Im not sure I
got it so we celebrate that Guy Fawkes failed to do
Woman: I know what you mean. The town was lovely, something?
wasnt it? So unspoilt... by all the huge international
chain stores I mean. Boy: Yeah, he failed to blow up the king. Look, tomorrow
Ill show you a display in the school library which explains
Man: Yeah, the baker actually baked the bread himself it simply.
and that greengrocer who had produce from local farms.
Remember that delicious peach dessert you had in that Girl: Im not thick, I just didnt get it!
bistro in the market square? Boy: Yeah, right!
Woman: Ill never forget it. We should go there again. Its 8 You hear a woman giving a talk on globalisation.
so much better than our last holiday where we sat
through some really touristy things like that folk festival. and interestingly although the USA has enjoyed a
The locals said theyd never even heard of those songs strong and wealthy economy for many years were now
that they were just for the tourists. seeing a shift to the East. China is seen by many as a
significant player on the world stage. However, I cant
emphasise strongly enough that the spread of consumer
products, the spread of fads such as Facebook, etc.
would not occur without Internet access. It also means
95
that an exchange of views on a global level takes place. find. In doing research, it is possible that you may find a
Of course, there is the problem of policing the worldwide family name written in two, three, or even more different
web and lawyers are working day and night on copyright ways. Make a note of any of these variations; this
issues and so on information may prove valuable at a later time. Always
write a females name using her family name, never her
married name, as this is how you will locate information
Unit 14 (page 144, ex 22) about her prior to, and after, her marriage. If you only
8.B
includes who the person involved is, what the event was
and so on. You need evidence that the event actually Speaker 1
took place. What many people doing genealogy for the A friend of mine had been talking about ecotourism and
first time dont remember to do is to make a note of the the effect that mass tourism can have on a particular
source of the information. You will need this later as you environment, so when I started looking for a holiday I
usually have to come back to earlier information later in kept that in mind. The company that I ended up choosing
your research. talked a lot about how they bought locally produced food
Now, when you gather information on a person, write the and locally produced crafts in their hotels. I liked this
persons full name, including all middle names and in idea because it made me think that at least part of what
addition to the actual name any title that might be Id paid would be going back into the local economy. The
relevant for example Doctor. This may help you especially company also offered holidays in some quite unusual
if it is a common name, for example, John Smith. I know locations so that was an added bonus!
these details may sound unnecessarily fussy but they
really help in the long run. Speaker 2
The other tip I have here is that spelling does matter. The I guess I am what youd call green so I didnt need any
name should be exactly as it appears in the records you persuading to look for an eco-holiday. I often go on
96
holiday with the same group of friends; about 6 of us. Unit 16 (page 159, ex 4)
10.B
Were all students so we havent got a lot of money to
spend on holidays but what we all look for is a holiday Interviewer: Thank you for coming in to talk to us today,
thatll take us off the beaten track. We found a great Donna, about getting fit. First, do you think that most
company that organises holidays to places where you people should be doing more exercise?
take a train, then bus, and then trek for a few kilometres
Donna: Absolutely. I own a chain of gyms and we have a
to get there. Perfect! We ended up in a small mountain
lot of people coming to us for advice. And what I see is
village perched on the side of a cliff. We certainly got fit
people who have hectic schedules in their lives. They
staying there because if you went anywhere there was a
have jobs where theyre being asked to do more and
steep walk either there or back.
more in the same amount of time. Then they dash home
to look after children or grandparents. They spend hours
Speaker 3
driving their kids to after-school activities. Its no wonder
Last year I went on a beach holiday and a) it was boring
they feel under pressure they are! And exercise relieves
and b) I felt a bit uncomfortable. You know, it was one of
that.
these popular resorts where there are hoards of holiday-
makers who just seem to take over the whole place. The Interviewer: So what do you say to convince people that
result is theres very little left of the real culture of the they have to do something about their health?
place. So this years priority was not to be part of a Donna: Well, when I start talking to people they nearly
swarm of tourists but to look for a company that always seem to know that inactivity can mean that they
organises holidays that appeal to people who want to start piling on the kilos. And theres a lot of information
avoid the crowds. The interesting thing is that you can around about looking after your heart. I think the
often just go 20 kilometres down the road and you find governments done a great job in raising awareness
yourself in the real Thailand, India, Spain, or wherever it about that. But what people dont seem to realise is that
is. insomnia can be cured by taking appropriate exercise.
This may seem a trivial problem but if you cant get
Speaker 4 quality rest at night, the negative effects are cumulative.
When I was surfing the Internet I came across this site Interviewer: And is it getting harder to get children to do
which said they offered real value-for-money holidays exercise?
because you stayed with local families. And I thought
Donna: Before I started working in the health business, I
thatd be really cool. When I travel, Im really into the
would have said that children who have parents who are
food, the music, and the language of the place Im
keen on tennis or golf would be the most important factor
visiting. And sometimes its hard to access that you get
in determining whether a child takes up sport or not, but
shows and stuff thats really just put on for the tourists. I
thats not the case. Because many children have access
didnt recognise the name of the company so I didnt
to the Internet and they watch TV, they know a lot about
know what sort of reputation they had so I phoned them
the top sportspeople and a child only has to see a sports-
up. After chatting to them for about twenty minutes I
person as someone to admire and emulate and the child
knew that we had similar ideas about what a holiday
wants to do sport. He or she will join the school sports
should be like. So I booked it and it was great.
team and make friends with similar interests.
97
water and your spine in a line otherwise you can get 2 You overhear a woman talking on the phone.
lower back problems. A lot of people suggest walking but Look, Im very sorry, but I just dont see what you mean.
to me its a bit like running only not as effective. So Id When I got this new phone for my daughter, which I
go for a team sport like the one we mentioned. Its a thought was really good value at the time, you told me
good all-body workout and you have fun. the contract included all charges. So I dont understand
Interviewer: And how do we know how much exercise why Ive suddenly got this huge bill Well, where did it
to do? say that? No, thats not good enough, Im afraid. Im
Donna: Good question. The government recommends not paying anything until someone can explain to me, in
one hour of physical activity a day. And this activity person, why I should. Ill come by some time this
should be of at least moderate intensity. But I think if you afternoon. I hope the manager is available, but Ill talk to
can manage something more strenuous, and you can do someone else if necessary.
that on two days a week, thats even better. Activities
that are weight-bearing are good. Interestingly, a recent
12.B
report by medical experts says an hours activity a day Part 2
isnt enough. If you want to avoid heart disease and
obesity, you need to do 90 minutes exercise a day. Presenter: and with the time coming up to a quarter to
nine, its time to hear from Sean Ryan again, as he takes
Interviewer: And although I dont want to end on a
a look at another of the worlds great architectural
pessimistic note, whats the most common cause of
masterpieces.
injury?
Sean Ryan: Few buildings exist which have an equally
Donna: The ones we hear about in the news are always
high approval rating among critics, architects and the
traumatic injuries. These are usually the result of impact
general public. The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao is
and collisions, and generally theres not much you can
undoubtedly one.
do to prevent them. But in most games one of the aims of
When the decision was taken in 1981 to ask the
the rules is to reduce the risk of injury, so following the
Guggenheim Foundation in New York to open a museum
rules makes you safer. To my mind, its the less
in Bilbao, this once thriving industrial city was in great
sensational injuries that are caused by doing a sport
economic decline. As the Basque government also
badly that happen most frequently. By that I mean not
offered to fund the museums construction and subsidise
holding your body or your equipment in the right way.
its running costs, it was a very risky but forward-thinking
Often its the repetition of this faulty action that results
undertaking.
in excessive load on tissues and subsequent injury.
Set on the river and designed by the award-winning
Interviewer: Thank you, Donna for all architect, Frank Gehry, construction began in 1993 and
immediately caught the publics attention. At first, people
were unsure what to make of it.
Listening Bank (pages 183-186)
11.B
Part 1
13.B
98
name tag or something. Anyway, one afternoon I looked making, who have just completed a one-week intensive
down and it wasnt there. I looked everywhere but it had course at the acclaimed Drama School here in town.
simply vanished. I guess it must have got caught on David, Megan, welcome. The Drama School has a
something or just fallen off somewhere without my reputation for pushing participants to their limits; you
noticing. It was just very unlucky, but I was devastated must both be exhausted.
still am in fact Its silly really I doubt it was worth very
David: Yeah, it was pretty intense, to tell the truth. I still
much. Its just that my aunt had given it to me, so it had a
cant quite believe its over, actually. You know, I really
lot of sentimental value.
didnt know much about any of it when we started. Its
Speaker Three just amazing how much we covered in such a short
I knew I shouldnt have trusted him. He promised to look space of time, isnt it?
after it, but I had my doubts from the beginning well, Megan: Oh absolutely! From acting to directing to editing,
hes a good mate and everything, but being careful with we did it all. And I dont mean from the comfort of a
things is not one of his strong points, you know what I classroom, either, this was hands on stuff from Day one!
mean? Anyway, sure enough, when I asked for it back, he It would have all seemed a little scary if the teachers
just looked at me blankly and asked what I was going on hadnt been so experienced and supportive.
about Well, I can laugh about it now, but at the time it
David: I couldnt agree more, all the staff there were
wasnt funny. Still, it made me realise youve got to take
absolutely first class. I did feel though, that we could
responsibility for looking after the things you value. You
cant expect other people to do it for you. have done a little more backroom technical work, like
lighting or sound, you know? That side of things really
interests me and, although what we did was probably
useful, it was a little bit basic, in my opinion.
14.B
99
3.A
round! The buildings are all modern, though, which is
good. I want to study sciences, so up-to-date labs and One
equipment are much more important to me than the all You hear two friends talking about a new sports centre
historic libraries and stuff that some places have. thats just opened in their area.
M: Have you been to the new sports centre yet?
Two
F: Yeah, its great that the local councils willing to invest
Although they dont offer an enormous number of
so much money in a place like that for young people to
different subjects at the college I visited, I was really
use. And the gyms just incredible, they havent bought
impressed with the way the programmes organised. You
cheap equipment or anything its all the latest stuff. The
do a lot of the work online and the teachers give you
only thing that bothered me was that I thought the
feedback by email, so you dont have to go in for many
membership fees were a bit high shouldnt it be free for
lectures, and you dont have to go and live on the
local people?
campus or anything like that. In fact, the college itself is
just part of a downtown skyscraper. For anyone who M: Oh come on theyve got to get some of the money
associates doing a degree with medieval courtyards and back somehow. Just think how much private gyms cost to
dusty old books, it would be no good at all! use especially if you want the latest equipment.
Anyway, it isnt only for kids, you know. Its for everybody.
Three
Two
I didnt really know anything about the college before I
You hear part of an interview with a successful
applied, so I hadnt realised that the buildings themselves
businesswoman.
had won a big international prize for the way theyre
designed. Studying in such awesome surroundings must M: So whats it like being the only woman on the board?
be amazing, so for that reason alone, its definitely top of F: Basically, when I go to meetings of the management in
my list. The range of courses on offer is pretty standard, the company, I make an effort to dress well and present
so Id have no problem finding one where I could myself in a businesslike way which is more than can be
combine law and languages which is my aim, and the said of some of my male colleagues! And I have to say
quality of the teachings reckoned to be good. The that, on the whole, they treat me very well. The only way
accommodation blocks looked pretty basic inside, but that I feel Im not treated quite equally, and this amuses
fine. me really, is that I always have the feeling that if I wasnt
there, theyd be a lot less polite in how they spoke. I wish
Four theyd forget I was a woman, but I guess they just cant!
I knew what I was looking for in a college. I wanted one
which had a lovely old library where I could sit and lose Three
myself in my reading, surrounded by books that had been You hear a student who lives in Manchester talking about
used by generations of scholars before me. I guess thats life in the city.
why Ive applied to do philosophy. People doing other Im really glad I decided to come to Manchester to do my
subjects might be looking for the latest equipment or degree, rather than my local university in the West
online course delivery, and theres nothing wrong with Country. Its such a vibrant city, with so much going on.
that. The range of topics on the course is fairly limited, Im never short of things to do in my free time. Ive made
but I can put up with that, and there are one or two things lots of great friends here, though I guess that wouldve
Ive never heard of thats enough of a challenge for me. happened wherever Id gone, because Im a sociable sort
of person. But I dont think Id have got the chance to get
Five involved in so many interesting projects at a smaller
The fact that the campus is in the middle of the university. Like, Im volunteering on a project to analyse
countryside means that you have to live in student the effects of social media in kids in Africa this summer
accommodation. I was expecting it to be very basic, how cool is that!
100
101
about really. I remember the first one I went to, everyone Unit 7 (page 31)
5.A
seemed very clever and much older than me and there
were some pretty heated discussions. I felt a bit out of my Hi. My names Emma Notley, and Im here to talk about
depth, actually. I mustve looked rather frightened, my sport, which is called synchronised diving. You may
because a couple of other young people befriended me have seen synchronised diving on the television, because
and explained that it wasnt always like that. That was its now an Olympic sport. Basically, its just like
lucky really, because I wouldnt have gone again competitive diving, except that there are two divers who
otherwise. have to do the same dive in exactly the same way, at the
Int: And Future Watch organises campaigns? same time. In other words what they do has to be
Zoe: Thats right. Thats what its really about. In small synchronised.
groups, you devote yourself to a particular issue and then Ive always been a keen swimmer, but I was never really
you report back to the main group on your progress. I good enough to win many races my style was good but
went with the idea of joining a wildlife group, but when I I didnt really have enough stamina. So it was my
saw the different campaigns on offer, I thought Id rather swimming coach who suggested I go in for diving
look at a wider issue. Id read that birds were affected by instead. It was very good advice I really enjoyed it and
traffic pollution, so joining a group of people who actively started doing well.
encouraged cycling seemed a good way of addressing My cousin Rosies also a good diver, so when I was asked
the cause of that problem. to try synchronised diving, I talked her into being my
partner. Were really close and it worked well. Were still
Int: And is your aim to get people thinking about the
partners now, and weve won lots of competitions
issue?
together. I think what I like best about synchro, as we
Zoe: Exactly. I mean, a lot of works done in schools call it, is that it combines the need for perfect technique
and colleges, and students are pretty environmentally with teamwork. Its really great that feeling of working
aware but once they leave full-time education, people towards something together.
tend to forget about it because they have other priorities People always ask about the scoring in diving, because it
in life. So, I go to places like car parks and give out leaflets seems really complicated. In individual diving events,
telling people that bikes are healthier, cleaner and so on. there are usually up to seven judges and the marks
This really works because you target car users and people given by five of them count towards your score. Basically,
want to know who you are and why youre doing it. the highest and lowest dont count. In synchro, theres
Int: And when you go out campaigning how do people two divers to mark, so you have the same system - but
react? there can be eleven judges in total.
Zoe: Well, I dont say never use a car or anything So what are the judges looking for? Well, basically they
extreme more: Was your car journey today really judge how good each dive is technically and then also
necessary? Most people are polite, even if they dont look for how well the two divers synchronise what they
agree but you do get people who want to argue do. The judges divide the dive into three stages, and
especially men with sports cars or motorbikes. But I dont theyre looking for different things at each stage. Firstly,
mind that in fact you really feel youre getting they are giving you marks for whats known as your
somewhere if you get people to think about things and approach, in other words what you do on the diving
have a discussion. Actually, the more argumentative board before you dive off.
people are the more I like it it certainly doesnt upset For different dives this involves different moves maybe
me. standing on the edge or jumping. The trickiest one to get
right, especially in synchro, is when the dive starts with a
Int: So what should people do if they want to find out
handstand and both of you have to do that perfectly at
more about Future Watch?
the same time.
Zoe: Well, you dont have to join a campaign until youre The judges then look at what you do while youre actually
sure. Theres a website where the different campaigns are in the air. This is what they call the flight. Theyre looking
listed with contact details of people running them locally. for how far you are away from the board, the overall
Theres also a magazine to download that reports on our height that you reach things like that. And, of course, in
progress on different issues. But Id say the best way to synchro that means getting those distances more or less
get involved is to join in one of our blogs. Get chatting to in line with your partner. That takes lots of practice. And
members, see what people are doing and how youd feel the judges are looking at the tiniest details of your
about joining them. technique as well. Like your toes have to be pointing in
Int: Zoe, thank you. And if youd like to the same direction all the time.
The third mark that the judges give relates to the way the
divers enter the water. Basically, theyre looking at the
102
angle you know, whether youve managed to keep in a do. Im really nervous about leaving the car anywhere
straight line or not and naturally they expect the two now I mean theres no reason why I should be targeted
divers to enter the water at the same time, in the same a second time, but I cant help thinking about it.
way.
I mean, you generally know immediately you leave the Four
board whether youre well synchronised with your partner, Its an upsetting experience having your bag snatched.
but things can still go wrong at every stage. Like, in a very When people say things like: Dont put all your valuables
good dive, the divers enter the water cleanly and quietly in one place or Use a shoulder bag not the type you
and so the judges are also noticing how much splash is have to put down in shops, you think: Yeah yeah, OK
created and they can give marks for that too. because you think itll never happen to you. I learnt the
In competitions, you also have to follow various other hard way. My friends were great one boy even chased
rules, like what to wear and stuff. One of my friends was the thief down the street, but he got away. The police said
disqualified because competitors with long hair have to I was the fifth victim that afternoon in the same shopping
use hair ties and for some weird reason she didnt. I centre so there was obviously a gang at work. I dont
mean her hair wasnt that long and she just forgot. know if it was my own fault or not, but Im certainly more
So theres a lot of things you have to get right in this careful now.
sport. I think thats why I love it so much. Ill stop there
because I can see that some of you have questions... Five
When I answered the phone and a voice said that
somebody had been using my credit card illegally on the
Unit 8 (page 35)
6.A
103
104
9.A
came from first of all, at least according to the websites
Ive been to. F: My guest today is Barnaby Ingham, who successfully
The word tattoo comes from a South Pacific language organised a festival of local produce in his home area in
and both the word and the tattoos themselves were rural England. Barnaby, welcome, first of all, where did
brought back to Europe when explorers first visited that this idea for promoting local produce come from?
area in the eighteenth century. Interestingly, it was the
M: Well, I studied geography at university, so I
ordinary sailors, rather than the explorers themselves,
understood how the production and distribution of food
who came back from islands such as Tahiti, Samoa and
and consumer goods is organised and how thats
Tonga with tattoos.
changed in recent years. I mean, weve seen small family
Tattoos became popular in 19th-century Europe, with
shops closing down and the big retail chains taking
men mostly having them on their forearms, upper arms
over everyones aware of that. But it was only when I
or chest. These tattoos often bore the name of a loved
read a piece in a weekly magazine that I realised just
one or perhaps an artistic design or motto, and were
how far that process had gone and how difficult its
considered very manly. Which is interesting because in
becoming for small local producers to sell the stuff they
traditional cultures, tattoos were often given to people
produce.
who had performed acts of bravery, rather than being
simply for decoration. F: Right so its what people sometimes call food miles.
These days, you can get all sorts of designs, and indeed M: Its partly that. You know, the fruit which consumers
have tattoos on various parts of the body. Tattoo artists, buy at the supermarket has travelled halfway across the
as they are called, often buy designs which are world, etc. But its not their fault for wanting fresh fruit at
copyrighted and which go by the name flash. Often good prices, and this is the system that provides that
artists have a vast number of these designs for their quite efficiently actually and Ive no argument with that.
customers to choose from. Artists also use tattoos as a But its not just about food. Its all products which are part
form of cosmetic surgery for people with certain kinds of of the global economy. What Im saying is people should
skin problems. have the chance to buy local produce if they want to if
Generally speaking, tattoo artists use a special machine thats their choice and this is getting harder to do.
for applying a tattoo, although in Japan there is still a F: And you and your family did a sort of experiment, didnt
strong tradition of applying them by hand rather than by you?
machine. Whatever the method, ink is injected under the M: Thats right. We tried to go for a month consuming
skin, where it produces a more or less permanent image. only locally-produced stuff as far as we could tell. My
Tattoos have not always been socially acceptable in all mum and dad, who live nearby, thought I was mad and
cultures, and in many peoples minds used to be linked to refused to join us, but they didnt try to talk me out of it. I
people such as criminals. This is not really fair, as today thought the kids would soon start complaining about not
tattoos are worn by all sorts of people including some having all their favourite branded stuff but I was wrong
leading celebrities. Indeed, in the USA, the current there. It was my wife who complained, because it made
popularity of tattoos can be traced back to rock singers shopping really difficult, and she does most of that. But
like Janis Joplin in the second half of the twentieth we stuck with it.
century, as well as to more recent television programmes
F: And is that where the idea for the festival came from?
that have been very widely broadcast.
Actually, it is estimated that, in the USA, around 15% of M: Not really. That came about by accident really. It was a
all adults has at least one tattoo, whilst if we look at the man I met at a local market. A friend of mine introduced
18-25 age group, this figure rises to 32% with men only us in the coffee shop and she mentioned my experiment
slightly more likely to have one than women. Thats quite and how keen I was on local produce. This chap, I forget
an incredibly large number, isnt it? his name, had just come back from a holiday in Italy,
105
where hed been to a cherry festival in a village where Lots of people think that boxing is a cruel and violent
they grow them. He was saying what fun it had been and sport, although I didnt necessarily agree. I must admit
why didnt we do things like that here. Thats how I got that I thought it was a pointless one before I started doing
the idea. boxercise but now I can see that the training is actually
F: So was it difficult getting the festival organised? a great way to get in shape.
I started going to boxercise sessions, not because I was
M: Well, there was lots to think about. I had no problems
overweight or particularly unfit, more because I was
raising the money because my father-in-law saw the
lacking in confidence when it came to my physical
potential of it and gave us a loan. Finding the right place
abilities. I really wanted to try extreme sports, especially
to hold it was the tricky thing. Most good venues get
mountaineering, but wasnt sure that Id ever be able to
booked up for the best summer weekends, so we had to
do it.
find our own site and then convince people to come
I didnt really know what to expect at first. I knew that
along. Actually in the end that was the easy part.
both men and women did boxercise, so I wasnt surprised
Everyone round about was keen to promote the event,
to see girls in my class during the first session. But I
because all the local farms and businesses had
wasnt expecting to train to music that did come as a
something local they wanted to sell.
shock.
F: So were you surprised at how successful the event The session started with a warm-up, as they always do
was? and theres a cool-down at the end too and we were
M: I guess it depends on how you measure success. Im given some advice before we started doing the actual
not sure how many people came in the end it was a exercises. Like how boxers always sit down when they
lovely day and we lost count. More important, actually, have a drink between rounds, and they drink slowly
was the fact that we got lots of coverage on TV and in the because drinking fast can give you stomach pains. The
press and thats something I hadnt anticipated. I think other thing he warned us against was what he called
the local traders and producers did well enough, and I over-training. Some people apparently like the classes
was able to repay my father-in-law. The real test will be so much that it becomes addictive and takes over their
whether this has any long-term effect on the ability of the lives, which of course is not a good thing.
small local businesses to survive in the modern world. In terms of injuries, youd think the hands would be the
F: And how did you feel about the reaction of local most affected part of the body, but actually you are
supermarkets? always well protected by gloves and other straps and
things under them. No, actually, its your legs that are
M: Well, it came as a shock. As a result of the festival,
most at risk, apparently, because you can easily damage
two of the big chains have started selling and labeling
a muscle as you move around at speed.
local products. Its definitely a step in the right direction.
So how much does it cost? Boxercise is not expensive,
Some people say that its a cynical marketing move to try
each class costing around five pounds. But you generally
and cash in on the success of the festival, but Im not
need to buy a course, which can cost up to one hundred
sure thats fair. Ill be sorry if it is just a short-term thing, if
pounds per month, depending on the club. At the one I
theyre not serious about it. Only time will tell.
go to, I pay for a monthly package, which costs seventy-
F: Barnaby, there we must leave it. Thank you. five pounds, and allows me to go to as many sessions as
I like.
Unit 16 (page 67) When it comes to the equipment and accessories,
10.A
106
Part 1 however, I think the same old lettuce and tomatoes can
Examiner: This is the Cambridge First Certificate in get a bit boring. So this is what Im doing this year. In the
English Listening test. Practice Test 1. Im going to give greenhouse, Ive planted various types of tomatoes:
you the instructions for this test. Ill introduce each part of some tiny cherry ones, Italian plum, vine and my
the test and give you time to look at the questions. At the favourites, the traditional salad tomato. Here, Ive got six
start of each piece you will hear this sound: different varieties of lettuce so that I can make a nice
Youll hear each piece twice. Remember, while youre mixed leaf salad. Then over there, youll see the spring
listening, write your answers on the question paper. Youll onions, radishes and herbs. Then in this area, Ive
have 5 minutes at the end of the test to copy your planted some of those small potatoes that are so good
answers onto the separate answer sheet. Therell now be eaten cold. So, what could be healthier than a fresh
a pause. Please ask any questions now, because you salad made with vegetables freshly picked from your own
must not speak during the test. back garden?
Examiner: Now look at Part 1. You will hear people
Examiner: Four
talking in eight different situations. For questions 18,
You hear a conversation.
choose the best answer, A, B or C.
Woman: Look at this! My new white jackets been ruined!
Theres a coffee stain right on the front of it!
Examiner: One Man: Im sure you can get that off. Its only coffee, after
You hear a woman talking. all.
Woman: Could you show me your finger? Hm. Its swollen Woman: Ill have to take it to the cleaners and get it
but I think thats probably the insect bite. You might be removed professionally. I dont want to make it worse!
slightly allergic to the bites of these particular insects. Man: Thats probably a good idea. How did it happen,
This sort of thing is fairly common at this time of year, anyway?
and it doesnt look as though its anything serious. Id
Woman: Thats the worst part. I lent it to my sister for a
suggest applying this cream twice a day and if it doesnt
wedding. That was my first mistake! Shes so careless. I
show any signs of improvement after two days, perhaps
should have known something like this would happen.
youd better make an appointment to see a doctor. This
cream should stop it itching and reduce the swelling, at Man: Then she should pay for getting the stain removed.
least. If thats all, thatll be one pound ninety, please. Woman: Too right! Ill make sure she pays for that and Im
never going to lend her anything again!
Examiner: Two
You hear a phone conversation. Examiner: Five
Woman: Could you help me, please? Id like to enrol for You hear a telephone conversation.
the summer school course run by the Economics Woman: Good morning. Daniel Smart?
department and I have to pay a deposit by Friday thats Man: Yes, speaking.
tomorrow. Woman: This is Stanton Car Repairs here. We just wanted
Man: Right. Have you filled in the form? to let you know that unfortunately your car wont be ready
Woman: Ive enrolled online, actually. But the problem is for collection until tomorrow afternoon.
that my credit card has expired, so I need to know the Man: Oh, no. Whys that?
best way to pay before the deadline. I could arrange a Woman: Weve had to order a new part because we
bank transfer or pay by cash... werent able to repair the damaged one.
Man: We can accept cash payments but youd have to go Man: Does this mean its going to cost more, too?
to the accounts office in the main university building for Woman: Im afraid it will put the price up by about thirty
that. Thats your best bet. A bank transfer takes three pounds.
working days to come through.
Man: I see. That means I wont have the car tomorrow
Woman: Thanks. morning.
Woman: Im afraid not. Were doing our best. As soon as
the new part arrives, well fit it, but these things take time,
Im afraid.
Man: OK. Well, thanks for letting me know.
107
3.B
Examiner: Six Part 2
You hear a conversation about some shoes.
Examiner: Now turn to Part 2. You will hear a short talk
Girl: Hey, those trainers are so cool! about opportunities for teens to study abroad. For
Boy: Do you like them? Theyre the latest design with low- questions 9-18, complete the sentences with a word or
impact soles so they are really comfortable. Im ever so short phrase. You now have 45 seconds to look at Part 2.
pleased with them. They look pretty good, too. I mean I
could wear them with jeans, not just when Im doing Presenter: How would you like to spend a few weeks or
sport. even a year living in a different country?
Girl: How could you afford them? I looked at a similar pair Today were going to find out about the opportunities
a while back and when I saw the price, I changed my available to the 14 to 18 age group. Susie Gillon has
mind. been doing some research for us. So, Susie, what have
Boy: Youre right, they do cost a fortune. I tried some on you found?
in a sports shop and when I saw the price, I left them Susie: First of all, I want to say that theres a lot more out
there. I had a look round on the Internet and found these there than just summer language courses! I think the first
for half price, A real bargain, I reckon! thing you need to do if youre thinking about studying
abroad is to decide whether you want to learn or improve
Examiner: Seven a foreign language. If you do, the most popular option is
Listen to the extract. doing a summer course where you focus on language
Speaker: Whats in an ice core from the Antarctic? Do we learning, staying either with a host family or in college
all see colours in the same way? Whats so special about accommodation. Alternatively, you can do an exchange
prime numbers? Come and find out the answers to these trip to a country of your choice. There are agencies that
questions and many, many more at the Science Festival will match you up with someone of your age, who has the
from 10 to 17 March. Exhibitions and displays are open same interests as you. Youll then live with this family and
from 9.30 am to 6 pm every day of the week plus theres attend a local school with your exchange friend.
a full programme of demonstrations, talks and workshops Exchanges like this often work well and can be repeated
throughout the week. Theres something for everyone for a number of years.
from 3-year-olds to university science students and Presenter: OK. Now, what if youre not interested in
even adults! Come and find out how science affects our improving your language skills, but just want to
everyday lives and what the next big breakthrough is experience life in another country?
going to be. For more information, check out our website Susie: As I said, theres a surprisingly wide choice of
at www.sciencefestival.org. Come and be amazed! options for the under 18s. Heres one that I would have
loved to have done when I was at school: spend the
Examiner: Eight summer on an exchange trip to Australia or New Zealand.
Listen to the conversation at an airport. You live with a family who has a teenager your age and
Passenger: I just put it down on that table in the caf you go to school together. Remember that in the
there for a minute while I paid for my coffee and when I southern hemisphere, July and August are winter months,
looked round it had gone! so schools are open. The great thing about this is that
Security officer: Can you describe it? you wont miss out on any of your schooling, and youll
get to know another way of life.
Passenger: Its not very big, blue with a shoulder strap.
Its not new, in fact it looks rather well-used. Presenter: That sounds fantastic, I wish I was back at
school! So thats only for Australia and New Zealand,
Security officer: What was in it? then?
Passenger: All my travel documents, of course, money, Susie: No, there are also programmes in Canada and the
credit cards and so on. Everything I need for my holiday USA, but remember that their long summer holidays are
and the things I need for the flight face cream, water, at the same time as ours, so if you want to attend school
book, that sort of thing. over there, it would mean missing school here. However,
Security officer: Have you checked in the caf and asked this is allowed and as long as you dont go in an exam
if its been handed in? year, it can be arranged.
Passenger: Well, I looked around for it but I havent Presenter: What else have you got?
asked anyone about it. You see, my flight is just about to Susie: How about working as a volunteer in Africa?
board...
Presenter: Sounds interesting, but can teenagers do that?
Examiner: That is the end of Part 1. Susie: Certainly, there are a number of organisations that
take 14 to 18 year olds during the long summer holidays,
108
not only to Africa, but also Latin America, India and Asia. a big lunch or dinner with all the family at home never
Volunteers help in primary schools, orphanages and on in restaurant! I love these occasions, especially if its my
community projects. They also learn about the countrys birthday as then I get to choose the menu thats part of
culture and traditions. There are usually adventure trips to the tradition, the person whos celebrating can choose
discover the country as well. As the motto of one the food. We all help either with the cooking or laying the
organisation calls it help, learn and explore. Its a great table and clearing up afterwards because its all part of
way to really get to know a country and its people while the fun. Now were older, we go out to celebrate with
at the same time having the support of an organisation to friends as well, but theres something very special about
look after you. the family meal.
Presenter: Quite. I didnt know that such young people
could work abroad as volunteers. Examiner: Speaker 2
Susie: Yes, but the youngsters are well-looked after and Speaker 2: My friends and I love parties and thats how
their safety is the number one priority of all these we celebrate our birthdays, passing exams, end of term
organisations. Right, on to the next one. If you are keen you name it, well have a party! We enjoy having different
on sport, music, art or the performing arts, there are a types of parties, so in the summer we have barbecues,
number of summer schools organised in European picnics and other outdoor celebrations. Fancy dress is
countries. always very popular. We choose a theme and all the
guests have to come dressed accordingly. We also make
Some of these courses are at a high level and are aimed
sure the music and food are linked to the theme I think
at young people who have already developed skills in
themed, fancy dress parties are the best. At the last party
their area of interest.
we had, we decided to make it very formal with
Presenter: So that would be for talented young everybody wearing long dresses and suits and ties. Its
musicians, say, rather than people who fancy learning our last year at university, so were planning a big leaving
the guitar. party now.
Susie: Yes, also most of the sports camps are pretty
specialised: tennis, football, swimming and gymnastics Examiner: Speaker 3
are popular sports. Thats not to say that there arent also Speaker 3: I dont like to admit it, but I dont like
camps for enthusiastic beginners, but you need to look celebrations much. Im not sure why, but I think its to do
around carefully. with the fact that celebrations often never quite live up to
Presenter: Thank you, Susie. Where can listeners find out expectations. It probably goes back to my childhood
more about this? when I used to get incredibly excited about my birthday
Susie: On our website, Ive put links to the websites of all and Christmas. I used to look forward to them for weeks
the activities Ive mentioned, plus a few more that might and then feel really down when the celebrations were
be of interest as well as a list of tips and other useful over. As you get older, friends and family dont make such
information. a fuss of birthdays and Christmas loses some of its
magic. Dont get me wrong, I join in with all the
Examiner: Now youll hear Part 2 again. Thats the end of celebrations, but I cant say that theyre my favourite
Part 2. days. Often, the best times are just ordinary days.
Examiner: Speaker 4
Speaker 4: Last summer I went to the best celebration
4.B
109
Examiner: Speaker 5 Girl: Scientists are trying to find a way to break them up,
Speaker 5: The most recent celebration Ive been to was but its not easy because of their size.
with some colleagues from work. My team had just come Boy: I suppose the best way is to prevent plastic getting
to the end of a very intense period of work building up to into the sea in the first place.
winning a contract. We were all exhausted, but delighted Girl: Yes, thats what it says here. Eighty per cent of the
with the result, of course. Wed been working really long plastic in our seas comes from the land, so weve got to
hours, so we decided to go away to the coast for a stop it getting into the water.
couple of days. I wasnt at all sure how wed all get on
Boy: Why does so much plastic end up in the sea?
outside the work environment and had dreaded non-stop
talk about business, but in the end it was good fun. No Girl: It says here that some gets blown into the sea from
one mentioned work and we spent a lot of time outside in the land and the rest is thrown into the sea.
the fresh air. It turned out to be a good way to celebrate. Boy: But thats terrible! It must be very harmful for fish
and other sea life. I know that plastic bags in the sea can
Examiner: Now youll hear Part 3 again. Thats the end of kill fish and sea birds through suffocation.
Part 3. Girl: Thats right. They find a lot of fish with pieces of
plastic in their stomachs because they think its food and
eat it. Apparently, the plastic breaks down very gradually
into small pieces about one centimetre in size. It does an
5.B
Part 4
immense amount of damage to the environment because
Examiner: Now turn to Part 4. You will hear two people lots of chemicals are released into the sea through this
discussing an environmental problem caused by plastic. process. It also says here that plastic is difficult to recycle
For questions 24-30, choose the best answer, A, B or C. because one object can be made from different types of
You now have 1 minute to look at Part 4. plastic and each type of plastic has to be recycled
separately. It gives the example of a sports drink bottle
Girl: Thats incredible. Listen to this! Do you know that in with one of those special drinking tops. The bottle is
the Pacific Ocean there are millions of tonnes of plastic easily recycled, but the top has to be taken apart before it
floating around? The Ocean currents have brought all the can be dealt with.
pieces of plastic together to the same area, which they Boy: I think we use too much plastic anyway. It would be
call a garbage patch. Have you heard about this? a good thing if we all reduced the amount of plastic we
Boy: No, I dont think I have. What else does it say? use.
Girl: Scientists have been monitoring the situation for the Girl: Thats so true. When I finish a bottle of shampoo or
past forty years and apparently the size of the garbage shower gel, I always think how much better it would be to
patch has increased one hundred times and now covers re-fill that bottle rather than buy a new bottle. I mean, you
an area twice the size of France! They also reckon could take your empty bottle to the shop and re-fill it.
another two garbage patches are forming in the North Whats the problem with that?
and South Atlantic. Boy: Youre right. Ive seen some shops that have a
Boy: So you mean, all those plastic containers and system like that for liquid cleaning products. More shops
bottles that end up in the sea travel along the ocean ought to do it. Another thing are the so-called disposable
currents and end up in one place? plastic items that you use once and throw away.
Girl: Yes, thats right. Look at this map. See, the garbage Girl: Definitely. I try never to use them. Theyre such a
patch is right in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, between waste and now Ive read this article about plastic in the
Asia and the USA, not far from Hawaii. sea, Im going to make sure I never buy disposable items
Boy: I see. Actually, I remember hearing about something again!
similar. A cargo of plastic toy ducks fell into the sea but Boy: Talking about the problem of plastic in the sea,
stayed together and floated round the world. In fact, I when you go to the coast, theres always litter on the
think scientists monitored their movements to help them beach and you often find rubbish floating around in the
understand ocean currents better. water, dont you?...
Girl: Yes, I remember something about that. But the thing
that worries me most here is the pollution that plastic Examiner: Now youll hear Part 4 again.
causes. Examiner: Thats the end of Part 4. Therell now be a
Boy: Quite. Something like this is a real hazard for the pause of 5 minutes for you to copy your answers onto the
sea and wildlife. Cant they do anything about these separate answer sheet. Be sure to follow the numbering
garbage patches? of all the questions.
110
Part 1 but I have already been there twice. Admittedly, the first
Examiner: This is the Cambridge First Certificate in time, I spent most of the time sitting in the hotel because
English Listening test. Practice Test 2. Im going to give I twisted my ankle and it was really swollen and painful to
you the instructions for this test. Ill introduce each part of walk but its a lovely place. The thing is, my dads lost
the test and give you time to look at the questions. At the his job and moneys a bit tight at the moment. I dont
start of each piece you will hear this sound: really want to ask my parents to pay for things that arent
Youll hear each piece twice. Remember, while youre really essential. I could save up myself, but Id rather use
listening, write your answers on the question paper. Youll my money for the summer holidays, so thats why Im
have 5 minutes at the end of the test to copy your going to give it a miss this year. Theres always next year!
answers onto the separate answer sheet. Therell now be
a pause. Please ask any questions now, because you Examiner: Four
must not speak during the test. You hear about a competition on the radio.
Speaker: Now heres something for all you Uncut
Examiner: Now look at Part 1. Youll hear people talking Diamond fans out there. Weve got twenty tickets to give
in eight different situations. For questions 18, choose away absolutely free for the concert in the AZ Arena on
the best answer, A, B or C. May 10th. During the week of 21st to 26th April, well be
giving away four tickets every day from Monday to Friday.
Examiner: One Well phone you and if you can answer our three quiz
You hear part of a lesson. questions, a ticket will be yours! So, send us a text or an
Speaker: Its important to know something about the email, marked Uncut Concert with your name and phone
social background of the time because it allows you to number, by and not after next Wednesday, thats April
put Mackays work into context. His surroundings were an 16th. Well pick out names from the list and give you a
important influence. He grew up on a remote island in the chance to win one of our free tickets.
Outer Hebrides. His life there would have been very
difficult and the weather would have affected the way he Examiner: Five
lived, this is why its a constant theme in his work. You hear a mother talking to her son.
However, remember that his home was surrounded by Mum: Well, its a pass, I suppose just. Im sure you
magnificent scenery and he spent much of his time out could have got a better mark, though, if youd done a bit
in the open air. He lived in a very isolated community more revision and paid more attention in class.
there were only about thirty people living on the island at Boy: Yes, but its difficult stuff and I do listen during
this time. Some of his finest poetry was written during his lessons most of the time.
teenage years on the island.
Mum: Im sure it isnt easy, but I still think you could do
better. You need to make more of an effort. Youre a
Examiner: Two
bright boy and if you put your mind to it, you could do
You overhear two people discussing a party.
really well, couldnt you?
Girl: Weve got to do something really special this year.
Boy: I suppose so.
Something a bit different from all the other years.
Mum: Well, come on then! If you spend a bit more time
Boy: Definitely I mean its a once in a lifetime occasion!
on your homework, youll do really well in the exams and
Girl: Do you think we should accept Liams offer of youll feel proud of yourself!
holding it at his house? Hes got plenty of room and we
could even go outside if its nice. Examiner: Six
Boy: Well, its that or hiring the church hall, unless we You hear two people talking about a recent incident.
want to have it at school... Girl: It was on Saturday evening when we came out of
Girl: No, I dont think so. I mean theres the official the club. Id arranged for my dad to pick me up in the
end-of-year ceremony with all the staff. This is meant to central car park like he always does, but Millys mum was
be fun no adults, just our class and friends. nowhere to be seen. Milly tried to phone her but her
Boy: Youre right. I think we need to have a meeting with phone was off.
everyone and work something out together. Boy: So what did you do?
Girl: We told my dad, but Milly was really worried about
her mum because she hadnt been feeling well earlier in
111
the day. We couldnt leave her in the centre of town on What is common to all types of bread is the basic recipe
her own at midnight, so we waited there with her. After of flour and water which is then baked. To this basic
about ten minutes, Millys mum turned up. Shed fallen recipe, yeast or baking powder is often added to make
asleep on the sofa, thats why she was late! the dough rise which produces a lighter loaf. Salt, seeds,
Boy: So Milly neednt have worried. milk, butter, oil, eggs, sugar, spice, sultanas are some of
the other ingredients that can be added to produce
Examiner: Seven special types of bread.
You overhear a boy talking. Its a food we take for granted and its something most
homes are never without. Evidence has been found of
Boy: Sorry Im late but the rehearsal went on for longer
bread-making as far back as 30,000 years ago. This
than planned. They wouldnt let us go until wed got the
would have been a simple flatbread made by pounding
last piece right. We had to do it from the beginning and, as
grain, mixing the resulting flour with water and baking
you know, Im singing the solo, so I couldnt leave before
over a fire. Later, ancient civilisations added a simple
wed all finished. Then, I had to drop off my tennis racket at form of yeast, derived from wine or beer, to make their
the sports shop as the strings have to be adjusted again. I bread rise.
need it for a match on Sunday so I had to take it in today Bread has long had an important cultural significance
or else it wouldnt be ready in time. Are you ready? We and we often use the word to mean more than mere
dont want to be late for chess club as well! food: a bread-winner earns money to keep a family,
bread-basket is used to describe the productive
Examiner: Eight agricultural area of a country, bread is used as a slang
You overhear two girls in a shop. for money among some groups of people. We mustnt
Girl 1: I think the colour suits you and itd be ideal to wear forget that bread also has great significance in many
on your holiday. religions round the world. Id now like to introduce Mary
Girl 2: Mm. Its a nice length and I like the design. Its just Curran, who describes herself as an expert baker. She
the sort of thing I was looking for. runs courses teaching people how to make bread and
has recently written a book on the subject. So, hello,
Girl 1: The price isnt bad, either, especially with 10%
Mary. First of all can you describe to our listeners what
discount. Are you going to buy it?
youve brought along to the studio today?
Girl 2: Im not sure. The fronts fine, but I dont like the
Mary: Hello, yes. Ive brought in some of the different
way the back crosses over. Its a bit uncomfortable.
types of bread we make at my cookery school: heres a
Girl 1: Yeah, I see what you mean. It looks a bit baggy at traditional white loaf and some brown rolls with sunflower
the back, now you mention it. You could always try on a seeds. This is some Italian focaccia and heres some pitta
smaller size. bread from the Middle East. Over here, you can see some
Girl 2: I think the waist would be too tight then. I think Ill French croissants.
have another look round and see if theres anything else. Presenter: I must tell listeners that it all looks absolutely
delicious. Theres nothing quite like the smell of freshly-
Examiner: That is the end of Part 1. baked bread, is there?
Mary: No, I dont know anyone who can resist it!
Presenter: Mary, tell us, is it difficult to make bread?
7.B
Part 2 Mary: Not at all. I know most people think it is, but its far
Examiner: Now turn to Part 2. You will hear an extract easier than making a cake. You just need to remember
from a radio programme about bread. For questions 9-18, two things: bread likes to be kept warm. If you want your
complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. You loaf to rise and be light and crisp, you must leave it in a
now have 45 seconds to look at Part 2. warm place, and secondly, you have to allow it plenty of
time. But that doesnt mean itll take up a lot of your time.
Presenter: Who doesnt enjoy a slice of freshly-baked You can mix the dough and then leave it in a warm place
bread? Its high on my list of favourite foods. Bread is one and go off and do something else.
of our most basic foods nearly every culture round the Presenter: How long can you leave it?
world makes a type of bread. Bread can vary widely from Mary: That depends on the temperature of the room and
country to country, the shape and ingredients change but type of mixture, but from between one and four hours, or
it is probably the one food that is common to all mankind. even overnight. Then, when its well-risen, you shape it
Asian bread tends to be soft and fluffy, German into rolls or loaves, put it in baking tins and leave it again
pumpernickel is heavy and dark, Indian naan bread is flat until it is nice and risen. So once again, while its rising,
and round the variety is infinite! you can go out and do something else. It needs to be
112
baked in a hot oven at least 200C, the length of time because I didnt get in and now I feel really embarrassed
depends on the size of the loaf, and thats all there is to it! about the whole thing! I was featured in the school
Presenter: Right. Ive noticed that bread machines have magazine, so everyone at school knew all about it and
become popular. What do you think of them? the local newspaper even had an article and a photo
about me and my ambitions! I dont regret applying at all
Mary: Wonderful! You can put your flour and ingredients
because it was a useful experience and Ive now got a
in the machine before you go to bed and youll have fresh
place on a degree course here, but it was a big mistake
bread for breakfast. The only thing is that most machines
to tell anyone about what I was doing.
only make one loaf at a time...
Examiner: Speaker 4
Examiner: Now youll hear Part 2 again. Thats the end of
Part 2. Speaker 4: My biggest regret at the moment is having
this tattoo on my shoulder done. Im going to get it
removed next week, but I could have avoided the pain
and expense by not having it done in the first place! I
8.B
113
who had sailed round the coast of Britain in a canoe, problems with our hands, even though we wore gloves
single-handed. My brother Tom, our friend Laura and I when we were paddling plus the fact that youre sitting
had been members of a kayak club for years and wed down all the time in a kayak meant we felt very stiff. Its
already done a number of long trips by kayak, so we also mentally very challenging. Wed be spending an
thought wed like to have a go at something similar. What average of 8 hours a day in the kayak and boredom can
prompted us to make a start was an appeal launched by be a problem. It was difficult to talk to each other while
our local hospital to raise money for the childrens we were on the water, but we all had music to listen to
cardiac unit. We were keen to help because Laura had and we saw some fabulous scenery and wildlife sea
been successfully treated for a heart problem when she birds and seals. We also planned to make frequent short
was a child. We realised that the coast of Britain was too stops and I think that helped a lot. Before we set off each
long to do in our school summer holidays, so we chose to morning, we used to plan the days schedule and we
paddle round the coast of Ireland instead. stuck to it rigidly. In the breaks, wed get out of the
Presenter: How long did it take you? kayaks, run around and stretch, grab some high energy
food, like chocolate, before setting off again. It was a
Tess: Its a one thousand-mile trip and we completed it in
challenge, but we kept each others spirits up and
28 days. We were very lucky with the weather because
enjoyed it. I dont think Id like to do something like this on
we didnt lose any full days due to bad conditions. We
my own though that would be really tough.
had to cut short the days paddling a couple of times
because the sea was too rough, but we paddled every Presenter: The trip must have taken a lot of organisation.
single day! We tended to stay near the coast as its more Tess: Yes, it did. Our parents were a great help and
sheltered than the open sea. looked after most of the planning, so that we could
Presenter: You must have had a good support team. concentrate on our training. We had to transport a lot of
Tess: Yes, our parents took it in turns to follow us by car, equipment to Ireland kayaks, paddles, mountains of
set up the tent, buy and cook food, wash our clothes and protective clothing, tents and so on.
so on. We could never have done it without them! All we Presenter: What next? Have you got any plans for
had to do was to concentrate on the paddling. another trip?
Presenter: How long did your preparation and training Tess: Definitely, were all keen to take up another
take? challenge. Were thinking of paddling round Britain but
Tess: As I said, we belong to a kayak club, so were out with a group of people from the kayak club, but were only
on the water, usually the sea, three or four times a week. in the very early stages of planning...
We also started running and working out in the gym to
build up our fitness levels. We started training seriously Examiner: Now youll hear Part 4 again.
for the challenge six months before we set off.
Thats the end of Part 4. Therell now be a pause of 5
Presenter: What was the most difficult part? minutes for you to copy your answers onto the separate
Tess: Obviously it was physically very demanding. We answer sheet. Be sure to follow the numbering of all the
were exhausted at the end of every day. We all had questions.
114
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