You are on page 1of 5

2001 .

171, 4

..
" : ,
"
. , ,
, , , .

. .. "
: , " ( 170 (6)
631 (2000)).
, .
. , ,
. , -
.

PACS number: 03.65.Bz


" "
1. .. " -
" ? ?
(437).
2. .. - ..
(441).
3. .. [1].
(444). , -
4. .. - [1]. ,
(447). -
5. .. " ()
" ( .
(449).
. 1930- )
6. .. -
" ",
(452).
[1]. ,
7. .. : , ..
(459). [2, 3].
[4, 5].
" " ", "-
- " ""
.. . " [6], -
,
" () ".
[6] (. 3.1, 3.3, 4) 1.

1.
,
.. . - ,
141700 . , .,
. ,
. (095) 408-46-81. E-mail: lipkin@beep.ru
http://science.rsuh.ru/Arkady/engle/PofSengl.htm
1 [1]

31 2000 ., ..
30 2000 . .. "
" .. (23
2000 .).

# .. 2001
438 [ 2001

.. ,
" -
". (
, ), , -
"" " ", - ,
. - , , . ,
(), (
B, ),
b1 . - , ( ,
- :
:
1: - ).
, ; . -
2: , -
P - "".
() C k ck jbk i ( ,
) jb1 i - ,
jc1 j2 ( ); .
"" "" ; , -, ,
3: , , -
, .. .
"" - -
. ,
( , , , ,
) .
( " 1")
, . ,
"" " () " , , ,
". , ,
1930- , -
". , -
, .
[7, 8] ( .
[9, 10]). ,
" ". , , -
, .
( (,
, ,
, "") , , .
) ,
"" " ( ) " . [4, 5].
, " 1"
, " 2".
1 3. .
- -
, . " 2". -, ,
" 1" . , .. ,
( ) , , (, -
- ), .
" : (), 1- (-
, ) 2- ( )
- "-
() ()" [11, 2" .
. 166] 2. -,
: .
( ) " 2"
. ,

(1- ),
. .
" "
[4 6]. [14] .

, " 2".
?
2 [12, . 20],
. [13], -. -
. 171, 4] 439

, , 2. 3
. [15, . 242] " ",
[1, 16, 17], (-
(). ) , -
, ( ) "" "
() " " 1 3",
, , .
. , - "
, - " -
. " 2", .
"
" 2". , -, "? -
- : 1)
( "" ); 2) ; 3) -
. " 2" .
" 3" .
" 3" -
, .
( ),
() ,
" " "
" (), " " -
.
( ) -
. (
. , ,
: ).
, - -. -
( ) - , -
. -
.
. .
, [4, 5],
, " "
, .
.
. , , -
, , , .
, ( -
,
, ).
,
( - .
) , (, )
. , , ,
, - . -
. , -
, ( -
[6].
, , ,
.. , ). -
" " - ,
( ), . ,
(1932 .), - ,
" ": , .
-
( . -
), , , -
"adop- , ( -
ted by repetition". - ) -
- .
(., , [16]), . , [2]
(.
[17 21]). (
) 3 "" ,
-
" [6]. .
440 [ 2001

, - 1970-
. [9, 10] , P,
C k ck jbk i "-
, .. .
, - ,
. , -
, "" - .
, "-
, " ". -
. B bi ,
" ", , "
, . .
, "
", "- " [10, . 25].
", .
" -
1 3". - "" ( . schizo
- ) .
-
, . , " ",
, - . " [26 33] ,
, - , -
. ()
, ,
, . ,
, - (..
) . " [2, 34].
, [1, 35],
- .
1. [1, 35]
. " "
. , , -
- , .
. , 2. , ..
70 , ,
" " ,
(, . , ,
. [7]
. [24], . -
[8], .. [1] .). "
.
, . . , .
3.
, . ,
4. , ,
... - ... .
, ,
() .
, , : , -
- .
" [7, . 308]. . " " .
( ), - ,
1930 1940 . - , 99-
( ). - 06-80244.
(
1960 1970 ., . [5])
1. 170 631 (2000)
(" ") [1, 25, 2. 168 975 (1998)
16]. , " " XVII XVIII 3. Klyshko D N Phys. Lett. A 243 179 (1998)
., "" - 4. , . . 2 (: , 1996)
( , , ). c. 199
- 5. (
) (.: , 1999)
.
6. , ,
(53) 736 (2000) http://zhurnal.ape.relarn.ru/articles/2000/
4 . 053.pdf
" - 7.
". (.: , 1964).
. 171, 4] 441

8. Penrose R Shadows of the Mind (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1994) (),
9. DeWitt B S Phys. Today 23 (9) 30 (1970); 24 (4) 36 (1971) .
10. , , -
. -
1. ..
(.: , 1988)
11. " ", 2.1 -
. ( . - , ,
, ) (.: , 1958) . 61 [2] [3],
12. . (.: , -
1989) [Heisenberg W Physik und Philosophie (Frankfurt am Main: . , , , .
Ullstein Taschenbucher-Verlag, 1959); Heisenberg W Der Teil und [2] , -
das Ganze. Gesprache im Umkreis der Atomphysik (Munchen: 10 ,
R. Piper, 1969)]
, -
13. Margenau H Philos. Sci. 30 (1) 138 (1963)
14. Compton A H, Simon A W Phys. Rev. 26 289 (1925)
-
15. 2- . (.: , 1959) -.
[Schiff L I Quantum Mechanics 2nd ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill , "" -,
Book Co.,1955)] .
16. , [1],
(.: 1989) [Sudbery A Quantum Mechanics and the Particles of "", " ", "common sense",
Nature (Cambrige: Cambrige Univ. Press, 1986)] , ,
17. Margenau H Ann. Phys. (New York) 23 469 (1963)
, .
18. Home D, Whittaker M A B Phys. Lett. A 128 1 (1988)
19. Ballentine L E Int. J. Theor. Phys. 27 211 (1988)
,
20. Pascazio S, Namiki M, in Fundamental Problems in Quantum Theory [2]: "
(Ann. New York Acad. Sci., Vol. 755, Eds D M Greenberger, - 25--
A Zelinger) (New York: The New York Acad. Sci., 1995) p. 335; ,
Namiki M, Pascazio S Phys. Rev. A 44 39 (1991) 50- , ..
21. Sini M, Levy-Leblond J (Eds) Quantum Mechanics without Reduc- 10 . L=c
tion (Bristol: Hilger, 1990) (40 ), , ,
22. Hirota O, Holevo A S, Caves C M (Eds) Quantum Communication, .
Computing, and Measurement (New York: Plenum Press, 1997)
".
23.
(.: , 1989) "experimentum crucis"
24. Wigner E P Am. J. Phys. 31 6 (1963) " " ("delayed choice")
25. Braginsky V B, Khalili F Ya Quantum Measurement (Cambridge: [4]. ,
Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992)
26. Boschi D et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 1121 (1998) .
27. Bennett C H et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1895 (1993) ,
28. Weinfurter H Europhys. Lett. 25 559 (1994) ? .
29. Davidovich L et al. Phys. Rev. A 50 R895 (1994)
1993 . :
30. Cirac J I, Parkins A S Phys. Rev. A 50 R4441 (1994)
31. Braunstein S L, Mann A Phys. Rev. A 51 R1727 (1995); 53 630 " -
(1996) . , -
32. Braunstein S L, Kimble H J Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 869 (1998) -
33. Bouwmeester D et al. Nature 390 575 (1997) ?" ", ", .
34. 144 1171 (1998) ,
35. 168 1017 (1998) , 1992 . [5].
[6]
.
, -
. , , : [5] ,
, [2, 4, 6] ,
, ,
.. , .
, ,
,
, -
.. [1] - , -
. , ,
- - .
" ". -, ,
-
: ,
.
, - 3 -

.. (R. Nakhmanson). Frankfurt am Main, Germany ("-
E-mail: Nakhmanson@t-online.de "). , , ,
, -
14 2000 .,
-
25 2000 .
,

7 , . 171, 4
# .. 2001

You might also like