3006-X-Series IFSM Fuel Actuator Control and Injector Operation

Term Definition
Actuator Rail Common fuel passage in the IFSM that supplies fuel to the four fuel
actuators.
Adjustable Idler Gear Type of idler gear where the position of the gear relative to the other
gears is adjustable. This adjustment is used to control gear lash.
Adjustable Parameters Selections made in the engine ECM from an INSITE imposed range.
Advanced Timing Injection that occurs earlier in the compression stroke when compared to
base timing. With advanced timing the start of injection occurs more
crank angle degrees before top dead center (BTDC).
Algorithm Software stored in the ECM that is used to establish a step-by-step
procedure to determine a value based on inputs from engine sensors.
This value is used to provide output to various devices on the engine.
Anti-drainback Valve Installed between the lift pump and the gear pump this valve opens when
the gear pump begins to draw fuel. When the gear pump stops this valve
closes, holding fuel in the line and helping to keep the system primed.
Articulated Piston Two piece piston assembly consisting of a crown and a skirt. The piston
assembly is typically held together using the piston pin.
Barometric Pressure This sensor provides altitude input information to the ECM for altitude
Sensor derate purposes.
Bearing Stop Device installed to provide a physical stop for installation of a bearing. On
ISX CM870 engines the bearing stop mounted on the rear face of the
flywheel, prevents the clutch pilot bearing from being pushed through the
bore and into the cavity in the rear of the crankshaft.
Block Stiffener Plate Device mounted to the bottom of the engine block to provide additional
strength and rigidity to the block casting. This plate is typically mounted
using shoulder bolts to provide optimum stiffening capability.
Breakout Harness Service tool used to check circuit voltage with electrical components
connected to the ECM.
Bypass Valve (lift A valve in the back of the IFSM that allows a small amount of fuel to
pump) bypass most of the fuel delivery system. This bypass path provides a
quick and effective means of purging air from the fuel system.
CAC (Charge Air Air-to-air cooler mounted in front of the engine radiator used to lower the
Cooler) temperature of the intake air after it has passed through the turbocharger.
Camshaft Position Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on the position of machined
Sensor surfaces in the camshaft. The signal from this sensor is used by the ECM
to determine the camshaft position.
Camshaft Rear Cover Plate mounted to the rear of the cylinder head containing a thrust surface
Plate to control the movement of the camshaft toward the rear of the engine.
Camshaft Retainer Plate mounted to the front of the cylinder head containing a thrust surface
Plate to control the forward movement of the camshaft. On ISX CM870 engines
an o-ring on the outer diameter of this plate seals the camshaft opening
in the gear housing. A seal on the back surface of the plates provides an
oil seal for the cylinder head.
Centinel A system that mixes used oil with the fuel. In this way the oil is disposed
of by burning in the engine instead of becoming hazardous waste.
Closed Nozzle Injector Type of injector where the fuel is metered into a separate chamber from
the cup at the bottom of the injector. With this style injector, increasing
fuel pressure in this chamber lifts the needle in the injector allowing fuel
to flow into the injector cup.
CLS Coolant Level Sensor
Collar Valve Rotating valve on the water filter head used to seal off coolant flow when
changing the water filter.
Concept Gear Scissor style gear that consists of two gears combined into one
assembly. The two gears are spring loaded to spread the gear teeth apart
and reduce gear lash. When properly adjusted, these gears help to
reduce engine noise.
Crankcase Breather Device used to allow excess pressure in the engine crankcase to exit the
engine. Crankcase pressure is typically a result of combustion gas
flowing past the piston rings (blowby).
Crossflow Cylinder Cylinder head design where the intake air flows into the cylinder, and the
Head exhaust gas flows from the cylinder from opposite sides of the engine.
CTS Coolant Temperature Sensor
Cylinder Balancing The ability of the ECM to adjust fueling for a cylinder based on the
increase in crankshaft speed resulting from the power stroke of the
previous cylinder in the firing order.
Datalink 1) The electrical connection that allows an external electronic device,
such as INSITE, to be connected to the ECM. This connection is used for
communication and data transfer.2) Communication system that allows a
vehicle control ECM to communicate with other devices.
Dataplate Identifying information for an engine or vehicle.
Dataplate - Electronic The information contained on the engine dataplate that is stored
electronically in the ECM.
Deaerating Cooling Cooling system utilized on many Cummins engines that aids in purging
System air from the cooling system during initial coolant fill and during operation.
This system also provides a positive flow of coolant at the water pump
during all engine operating condition.
Diagnostic Lamp The light used to alert the operator of certain faults in the system as well
as flash out fault code information.
Diaphragm A dividing membrane or partition.
Dowel Ring Locating ring mounted so that it protrudes from the surface of one of two
mating components. This protrusion then fits into a bore in the mating
component to locate the position of the components relative to one
another. Dowel rings are typically used for components such as: cylinder
head, rod cap, main cap, and flywheel housing.
ECM (Electronic A computer portion of the electronic control system that is responsible for
Control Module) engine control, diagnostics, and user features. This component receives
signals from engine sensors and OEM switches. It contains software
based control algorithms and diagnostic algorithms. These algorithms
process the input signals and transmit signals to the appropriate output
devices.
ECM Cooling Plate Component used to dissipate the heat generated from the ECM
electronics.
Edge Molded Gasket Style of gasket using a steel shim with a seal material attached to its
edge.
EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGR Connection Stainless steel tubes used to move the EGR gases from the EGR Valve
Tubes to the EGR Cooler and also from the EGR Cooler to the EGR Mixer.
EGR Cooler A device that the EGR gases pass through. Heat from the EGR gases is
transferred to the coolant that circulates through the tubes in the cooler.
EGR Mixer A device that is used to combine the fresh intake air and the EGR gases
to produce the charge air for combustion.
EGR Valve A valve controlled by the ECM, which adjusts to control the amount of
exhaust gas moving from the exhaust manifold into the intake manifold.
Engine A optional component that enhances the engines ability to slow the
Brake/Intebrake vehicle in coasting situations. It works by opening the exhaust valve when
the piston is at the top of the compression stroke. Any energy stored in
the compressed air is released into the exhaust system and not returned
to the piston on its next downward stroke.
Engine Speed Sensor Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on a tone wheel on the
crankshaft. The signal from this sensor is used by the ECM to determine
the engine speed and crankshaft position.
Exhaust Emissions The various chemical compounds released into the atmosphere after
combustion has taken place.
Exhaust Gas Pressure This sensor measures the exhaust pressure before the turbocharger and
Sensor exhaust gas recirculation valve.
Exhaust Gas Takes a portion of the exhaust gas, cools it, combines it with fresh air,
Recirculation and returns it to the combustion chamber.
Fire Ring Component providing a seal to the top of the combustion chamber. On
some engines, like the ISX CM870, this ring is part of the head gasket.
On other engines this ring may be a separate component from the
gasket.
Firing Order The order in which the cylinders, beginning with No. 1 cylinder, deliver
their power strokes.
Fleetguard Manufacturer of quality filtration and diesel engine related products.
(Customer Assistance Center 1-800-223-4583)
Fluted Style Mixer A style of EGR mixer, that combines the EGR gas and fresh intake air
with a minimal amount of pressure drop.
Framatome Connector Electrical connector used for all pressure sensors on the ISX CM870.
These connectors provide positive engagement with a double locking
system.
Full Floating Piston A piston pin that is assembled with the rod, piston, and pin at room
Pin temperature.
Hall-Effect Sensor A type of electronic sensor used to determine motion and proximity. From
this signal, the ECM calculates engine speed and position.
HPI-TP (High Designates the style fuel system where time is variable and pressure in
Pressure Injection - the actuator rail is held constant.
Time Pressure)
Hydromechanical System using hydraulics, or fluid flow, and mechanical action to control
motion of a component.
IAT Sensor Intake Air Temperature Sensor
Idler Gear Gear used to transfer motion from a drive gear to a driven gear. Idler
gears are typically mounted on a stationary shaft.
Idler Pulley Pulley used to provide a change of direction to a drive belt.
IFSM (Integrated Fuel Fuel system assembly used to house the fuel pump, actuators, dampers,
System Module) pressure regulators, fuel rails, fuel filter, and various other components.
IMP Sensor Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor
IMT Sensor Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor
Inlet Mixer The EGR Mixer
INLINE II J1587, J1708, and J1939 protocol communications tool used to connect
the ECM to a PC.
INSITE The PC based electronic service tool used to diagnose and calibrate
Cummins electronic engines.
Intebrake/Engine A optional component that enhances the engines ability to slow the
Brake vehicle in coasting situations. It works by opening the exhaust valve when
the piston is at the top of the compression stroke. Any energy stored in
the compressed air is released into the exhaust system and not returned
to the piston on its next downward stroke.
Isochronous Governor that holds engine speed constant within the capability of the
Governing engine.
QSX 15 Cummins 15 liter, dual overhead camshaft engine.
J1587 An SAE communications protocol that uses J1708-style hardware.
J1708 An SAE standard that describes the datalink conversion hardware and
the lower layers of the communications protocol.
J1939 An SAE communication protocol that enables an engine to be controlled
by J1939 devices. This communication standard allows service tools and
some other vehicle controllers, such as transmission shifting, braking
system, and traction control systems, to communicate with the ECM.
J1939 Backbone ECM J1939 Datalink connection in which service tools and other J1939
devices communicate with the ECM. This bus can be extended 150 feet
with minimal outside interference to communication data. The Main Bus
is constructed with twisted pair wires, shielding, and is terminated with a
120 ohm resistor at each end.
J1939 Node Any device sending signals over the J1939 communications datalink.
Keystone Profile Angled top and bottom surface of the piston ring and ring groove.
Lift Pump An electric pump controlled by the ECM through a relay. Each time the
key is turned on the ECM turns on this pump for two minutes to insure
easy starting and shorter cranking time.
Low Swirl Port Port located in the Cylinder Head that creates a low swirl affect on the
intake air into the cylinder head.
Magnetic Pickup Speed sensing device utilizing a target passing through a magnetic field
to generate a signal that is sent to the ECM.
Micron Unit of measurement equal to one thousandth of a millimeter.
Mid-stop Liner Style of cylinder liner where a ledge toward the middle of the liner seats
on a shoulder in the block. This seat establishes the amount of liner
protrusion above the surface of the engine block.
Monotherm Piston A one piece piston manufactured from forged steel
Multiplexing The use of one circuit to provide signals from multiple components to the
ECM.
NOx Various combinations of Nitrogen and Oxygen.
Nozzle Ring The sliding portion of the turbocharger that changes the size of the volute
exit area. Changing the exit area affects both boost pressure and exhaust
backpressure.
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer.
Open Nozzle Injector Type of injector where the fuel is metered directly into the cup at the
bottom of the injector. With this style injector, the fuel in the cup is open
to the cylinder but is held in the cup due to cylinder pressure.
Over-molded Actuator The redesigned black actuator used on the new "revised" fuel system.
This actuator uses optimized material rather than the stainless steel used
on previous automotive engines.
Pass Through Wiring harness connection used to transition the harness from outside
Connector the engine through a casting to the interior of the engine.
PC Personal Computer
Pegboard Fan Industrial engine fan mounting available on industrial QSX15 that
Mounting provides mounting arrangements with the fan center ranging from 12
inches up to 22 inches from the centerline of the crankshaft.
Piston Cooling Nozzle A devices that sprays oil onto the underside of the piston head. This oil
helps to cool the piston and may also provide some lubrication for the
piston pin.
Pneumatic Actuation A method of controlling the variable geometry turbocharger's exit volute
area by using air pressure.
Poly-Vee Belt A drive belt with a multiple vee shaped inside surface that fits into a
mating pulley containing multiple grooves.
Positive Flow System using pressurized coolant flow to remove trapped air from the
Deaeration coolant.
Power Command II Cummins Power Generation designed engine control system used on
QSX15 power generation engines
PTO Power Take Off
PWM Pulse Width Modulated
Re-entrant Piston bowl design used to create a swirl pattern in the injected fuel to
Combustion Bowl facilitate more complete combustion.
Retarded Injection Injection that occurs later in the compression stroke when compared to
Timing base timing. With retarded timing the start of injection occurs less crank
angle degrees before top dead center (BTDC).
Ring Valve Pressure regulating ring installed on the injector at the drain port.
SCA (Supplemental Additive package used in diesel engine cooling systems to prevent scale,
Coolant Additive) corrosion, and pitting of cooling system components.
Scissor Gear A gear that consists of two thinner gears combined into one assembly.
The two gears are spring loaded to spread the gear teeth apart and
reduce gear lash. When properly adjusted, these gears help to reduce
engine noise.
Scraper Ring The bottom compression ring with an angled face used to "scrape"
lubricating engine oil from the liner walls to control oil consumption.
Serpentine Belt Compound curve drive belt that uses both sides of the belt to drive
engine components.
Signature Cummins 15 liter, dual overhead camshaft, 600 horse power engine.
Solder Bloom Corrosion of the soldered joints in a radiator or oil cooler caused by
antifreeze with depleted corrosion inhibitors. Solder bloom can cause the
tube-to-header joints to become weakened and corrosion can restrict
coolant flow.
STOR (Straight Type of English fitting used to seal many of the access ports in the block.
Thread O-Ring) This style fitting provides improved sealing capabilities when compared
with tapered pipe-thread fittings.
STORM (Straight Type of Metric fitting used to seal many of the access ports in the block.
Thread O-Ring - This style fitting provides improved sealing capabilities when compared
Metric) with tapered pipe-thread fittings.
StrataPore Filter Multi-layered filter media which provides improved durability and filtration
Media capability.
Stub The J1939 Datalink connection from service tools or other vehicle
controllers that attaches to the J1939 backbone. The stubs are restricted
to approximately 1 meter in length to minimize interference. The stub is
constructed with shielding and twisted pair wires.
Tensioner Pulley Spring loaded self adjusting pulley used to maintain a drive belt at the
desired belt tension.
Termination Resistor One of the two 120 ohm resistors connected in parallel in the J1939
backbone circuit.
Thermostat An automatic temperature sensing device utilizing a mechanical valve to
regulate the flow path of a fluid.
Thermostat An automatic temperature sensing device utilizing a mechanical valve to
regulate the flow path of a fluid.
Timing Wedges Angled service tools used to hold the injector camshaft and valve
camshaft in the desired position for base engine timing. The appropriate
wedges, per CPL, are tapped into position between flats on the
appropriate camshaft and the cylinder head wall.
Tone Wheel Notched ring, commonly installed on the crankshaft or camshaft. The
notches or protrusions are used as targets for a speed or position
sensor.
Torque Plus A tightening procedure that provides a more consistent clamping force
Angle/Torque Plus than torque only. This is accomplished by torquing to a specification and
Turn then rotating an additional specified number of degrees.
Torque Plus Turn A tightening procedure that provides a more consistent clamping force
than torque only. This is accomplished by torquing to a specification and
then rotating an additional specified number of degrees.
TPS (Throttle Position Part of the accelerator pedal assembly that sends a pedal position signal
Sensor) to the ECM. This device is a potentiometer that produces a varying
voltage as it is moved through the operating range.
Turbocharger Centrifugal air pump or blower driven by exhaust gas turbine. It fills the
engine cylinders with fresh air at a higher pressure than atmospheric.
Turbocharger Control ECM operated valve that shuts off the air to the variable geometry
Shutoff Valve turbocharger control valve and actuator. This eliminates a leak path for
air when the engine is shut off.
Turbocharger Control The valve that controls the air flow to the variable geometry actuator. This
Valve valve receives a signal from the ECM.
Turbocharger Speed This sensor measures the rotational speed of the turbocharger shaft and
Sensor helps the ECM determine that the system is functioning and prevents
overspeeding of the turbo.
Turbulence Small variations in the wall of the tubes, on the exhaust side of the EGR
Generators cooler. They create turbulent flow that helps clean deposits from the
walls, in effect making the cooler self-cleaning.
TVS (Trapped Volume Fuel passage that relieves fuel pressure in the injector cup after injection.
Spill) Port Fuel flow enters the TVS from the cup and returns to the fuel tank
through the drain line.
Unintended Fueling Sensor installed in both the front and rear metering rails to provide a
Sensor signal to the ECM used to detect excessive or inappropriate pressure.
The ECM then shuts down fuel flow to the engine.
Variable Geometry A style of turbocharger that adjusts its exit volute area, thereby increasing
Turbocharger backpressure quickly, in the exhaust system.
Venturi Nozzle Funnel shaped nozzle inside the oil filter which uses oil flow through the
full flow filtering media to pull oil through the bypass media.
Venturi Style Mixer A style of EGR mixer, that combines the EGR gas and fresh intake air by
using a venturi to create a pressure drop.
Wastegated A style of turbocharger that allows some of the exhaust gases to bypass
Turbocharger the turbine wheel thereby limiting the amount of turbocharger boost.
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Sensor mounted in the bottom of the fuel filter/water separator that
(WIF) indicates if too much water is contained in the bottom of the filter.