eroberogeday lwm pl:ún

briBaØabR&tKNitviTüa nig BaNiC¢kmμ

H U N S E N
× 3
S T R O N G

Problems and Solutions

 GñkcUlrYmRtYtBinitübec©keTs
elak lwm qun
elak Esn Bisidæ
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elak Titü em¨g
elak RBwm sunitü
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elak lwm miKþsir
karIkMuBüÚT&r
kBaØa lI KuNÑaka
GñkniBnæ nig eroberog
elak lwm plþún nig elak Esn Bisidæ
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esovePA KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak EdlGñksikßakMBugkan´
enAkñúgéden£ xMJúáTáneroberogeLIgkñúgeKalbMngTukCaÉksar sRmab´
CaCMnYydl´GñksikßaykeTAsikßaRsavRCavedayxøÜnÉg nig müa¨geTot
kñúgeKalbMngcUlrYmelIksÞÜyvis&yKNitviTüaenARbeTskm<úCaeyIg
[kan´EtrIkceRmInEfmeTotedIm,Ibeg;InFnFanmnusß[mankan´EteRcIn
edIm,ICYyGPivDÄn_RbeTsCatirbs´eyIg .
enAkñúgesoven£eyIgxMJúánxitxMRsavRCaveRCIserIsyklMhat´ya¨g
sRmaMgbMputBIÉksarbreTsya¨geRcInbMputdUcCa 103 Trigonometry Problems ,
Five Hundred Mathematical Challenges,Complex Numbers From A to … Z ,
Mathematical Olympiad in China,Mathematical Olympiad Challenges,
Mathematical Olympiad Treasures, International Mathematical Olympiads 1959-1977,
nigÉksarbreTsepßg@eTottamy¼
The IMO Compendium ( 1959-2004 ) …

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[mansuxPaBmaMmYn nig TTYlC&yCMn£RKb´Parkic© .

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H U N S E N
× 3
S T R O N G

Problems and Solutions

rkßasiT§iRKb´y¨ag
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

EpñkRbFanlMhat´

-1- PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

EpñkRbFanlMhat´
1-BIcMnYnBitviC¢man x nig y
epÞógpÞat´TMnak´TMng 4x + 3y = 11
cUrkMnt´rtémøGtibrmaénGnuKmn_ ½
f ( x , y ) = ( x + 6)( y + 7)( 3x + 2y )
π
2-cUrkMnt´RKb´témø x kñúgcenøa¼ ]0; [
2
edaydwgfa ½
3 −1 3+1
+ =4 2
sin x cos x
3-enAkñúgRtIekaN ABC mYyEdl BC = a , AC = b , AB = c
cUrbgHajfa sin A2 ≤ b a+ c rYcsresrTMnak´TMngBIreTotEdl
RsedogKña .
4-eKyk I tag[cenøa¼ [ − π4 ; π4 ] . cUrkMnt´GnuKmn_ f
kMnt´elI [ − 1 , 1 ] ebIeKdwgfa f (sin 2x) = sin x + cos x
rYcsRmYl f (tan x) cMeBa¼RKb´ x kñúgcenøa¼ I .
2

5-cUrbgHajfa tan 3a − tan 2a − tan a = tan 3a tan 2a tan a

Edl a ≠ k2π RKb´cMnYnKt´rWTLaTIhV k .

-2- PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

6-cUrbgHajfa ⎛
⎜1 +
a ⎞ ⎛
⎟ ⎜1 +
b ⎞
(
⎟ ≥ 1 + 2ab ) 2

⎝ sin x ⎠ ⎝ cos x ⎠
π
cMeBa¼RKb´ a>0,b>0,0<x<
2
7-eK[ctuekaNEkg mYyEdl
ABCD .
BC = 3 AB

P nig Q CaBIrcMnucénRCug [BC]Edl BP = PQ = QC .

cUrbgHajfa ∠DQC = ∠DBC + ∠DPC .
8-eK[ z nig z CacMnYnkMupøicBIr .
1 2

cUrRsayfa | z + z | + | z − z | = 2(| z | + | z | )
1 2
2
1 2
2
1
2
2
2

9-eK[ z nig z CacMnYnkMupøicBIrEdl | z | = | z | = 1

1 2 1 2

nig z .z ≠ −1 .
1 2

cUrRsayfa 1z+ +z zz CacMnYnBitmYy .

1 2

1 2

10-KNnalImItxageRkam ½
12 + 12 + 12 + ... + 12 + 12 + x − 4
lim
x→4 x−4
man n ¦skaer .

-3- PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

11-eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (u ) kMnt´eday ½
n
4
u
u = 1 nig u =
0 n+1 3 RKb´ n
2 n ∈ IN
4u + 6u + 4u + 1
n n n
4
1 ⎛ 1⎞
cUrbgHajfa 1+
un + 1
= ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟⎟
un ⎠
RKb´ n ∈ IN
⎝
rYcKNna un CaGnuKmn_én n .
12-KNna
n n +1
Pn = (1 − x + x 2 )(1 − x 2 + x4 ).....(1 − x 2 + x 2 )
13-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCugRbEvg a , b , c .
knø¼bnÞat´Bu¼énmMu C kat´ [AB] Rtg´cMnuc D .
cUrRsayfa CD = a2+abb cos C2 .
14-KNnaplbUk
S n = 1.1!+2.2!+3.3!+..... + n.n!
Edl n! = n(n − 1)(n − 2)....3.2.1 .
15-KNnatémø
A = ( 3 + tan 1o )( 3 + tan 2o )( 3 + tan 3o )...( 3 + tan 29o )

-4- PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

16-eK[ x,y,z CacMnYnBitEdlepÞógpÞat´lkçx&NÐ ½

cos x + cos y + cos z = 0 nig cos 3x + cos 3y + cos 3z = 0

cUrbgHajfa cos 2x cos 2y cos 2z ≤ 0 .

17-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYy .
bnÞat´Bu¼mMu A , B , C kat´RCug [BC] , [AC] , [AB]
erogKñaRtg´ A' , B' , C' .
cUrRsayfa ½
B−C C− A A−B
sin( ) sin( ) sin( )
2 + 2 + 2 =0
AA' BB' CC'
18-eK[BhuFa P( x ) = ( x sin a + cos a )n Edl
n ∈ IN *

cUrrksMNl´énviFIEckrvag P( x ) nwg x2 + 1 .
⎧x + y = 3 a + b
19-eda¼RsayRbB&næsmIkar ⎨ 4
⎩ x − y = ax − by
4

Edl a nig b CacMnYnBitEdl a + b ≠ 0 .

20-cUrbgHajfa ∑ ⎛⎜ ( n + n + 1)(1 n + n + 1) ⎞⎟ = 9
9999

4 4
n =1 ⎝ ⎠

-5- PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

21-eK[GnuKmn_ f kMnt´RKb´ x ∈ IR − { − 1 ; 0 } eday ½

1
x( 2x + 1)f ( x) + f ( ) = x + 1
x
.
cUrKNna S = f (1) + f ( 2) + f ( 3) + .... + f ( 2009)

22-cUrkMnt´RKb´KU éncMnYnKt´viC¢manebIeKdwgfa ½
(m ; n )

m + n = 13(m + n )
2 2
.
23-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYyEkgRtg´ A .
eKyk E ∈ [AC] nig F ∈ [AB] Edl ∠AEF = ∠ABC
nig ∠AFE = ∠ACB .
eKtag E' nig F' erogKñaCaeCIgcMeNalEkgén E nig F
elIRCug [BC] .
cUrRsayfa E' E + EF + FF' ≤ BC ?
24-eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitviC¢man . cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa ½
b+c c+a a+b
+ + ≤2
a + 4(b + c ) b + 4(c + a ) c + 4(a + b )
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

⎧a 0 = a 1 = 1
25-eK[sIVútcMnYnBit
⎨
⎩an + 1 = 2an − an − 1 + 2 , ∀n ≥ 1

-6- PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
cUrRsayfa a = a × a . n 2 +1 n n+1

26-kñúgRtIekaN ABC mYycUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa ½

1 1 1 R
+ + ≥4
A B C r
sin sin sin
2 2 2
Edl r nig CakaMrgVg´carwkkñúg nig carwkeRkARtIekaN .
R
27-eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitviC¢manEdl 4abc = a + b + c + 1
cUrbgHajfa ½
b2 + c2 c2 + a2 a2 + b2
+ + ≥ 2(ab + bc + ca )
a b c
28-eK[sIVút { an } kMnt´eday ½
a = 1 nig a = a .a ....a + 4 cMeBa¼RKb´ n ≥ 1 .
0 n +1 0 1 n

cUrbgHajfa a − a = 2 cMeBa¼RKb´ n ≥ 1 .
n n +1

29-eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitviC¢manEdl ab + bc + ca = 1 .
cUrbgHajfa (a + b1 ) + (b + 1c ) + (c + a1 ) ≥ 16
2 2 2

30-eK[ 2 = 2 cos 2π , 2 + 2 = 2 cos 2π , 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 cos 2π

2 3 4

BI«TahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnþTUeTA nig RsaybBa¢ak´

rUbmnþena¼pg .

-7- PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

31-edayeFIVvicartamkMeNIncUrRsaybBa¢ak´facMnYn ½
A =2
n
6n +1
+9 Eckdac´nwg11 Canic©cMeBa¼RKb´
n +1

cMnYnKt´FmμCati n .
32-eK[ E = 831 − 743 + 709 − 610 , n ∈ IN
n
n n n n

cUrbgHajfa E Eckdac´nwg 187 Canic©RKb´ n ∈ IN .

n

33-cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa1 + 12 + 13 + ..... + n1+ 1 < 2 n + 1

34-eK[ n cMnYnBitviC¢man a ; a ; a ; .........; a .
1 2 3 n

cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa ½
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + .......... + a n ≥ n n a 1 .a 2 .a 3 ......a n
35-eda¼RsayRbB&næsmIkar ½
⎧ tan4 x + 6 tan 2 x tan 2 y + tan 4 y = 28
⎨
⎩ tan x tan y + tan x tan y = 4 3
3 3

π
Edl 0< x<y<
2
.
36-eK[ a,b,c CaRCugrbs´RtIekaNmYynigtag p
Caknø¼brimaRténRtIekaN .

-8- PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
cUrbgHajfa p 1− a + p −1 b + p 1− c ≥ 2 ⎛⎜ a1 + b1 + 1c ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
37-k¿cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa ½
4n − 3 4n − 1 4n − 1
4n + 1
<
4n + 1
<
4n + 3
cM e Ba¼RKb´ n ∈ IN *

x¿TajbgHajfa ½
1 3 × 7 × 11 × ....... × (4n − 1) 3
< <
2 n+1 5 × 9 × 13 × ....... × (4n + 1) 4n + 3
38-eK[ a ; b ; c CabIcMnYnBitviC¢man .
cUrbgHajfa b a+ c + c +b a + a +c b ≥ 32
39-k¿KNna 11.2 + 21.3 + 31.4 + .... + (n −11) n Edl n > 2
x¿edayeRbIvismPaB AM − GM én (n − 1) cMnYnxageRkam ½
1 1 1 1
; ; ;
1.2 2.3 3.4 (n − 1) n
cUrbgHajfa n < ( n ! ) .
n 2

40-eK[ a ; b ; c CabIcMnYnBitxusBIsUnü .
2 2 2
⎛ a⎞ ⎛b⎞ ⎛ c⎞ a b c
cUrbgHajfa + +
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ≥ + +
⎝b⎠ ⎝ c ⎠ ⎝a⎠ b c a
41-eK[ x ; y ; z CabIcMnYnBitviC¢manminsUnü .
cUrbgHajfa x1 + y1 + z1 ≥ x + y9 + z
2 2 2 2 2 2

-9- PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

1 1

42-eKman y=a 1− log a x

nig z = a 1− log a y

cUrRsayfa x=a 1− log a z

.
⎧u 1 = 4
⎪
43-eKBinitüsIVúténcMnYnBit (u n ) kMnt´eday ⎨
u =
5u n − 4
⎪ n +1 2u − 1
⎩ n

cUrKNna un CaGnuKmn_én n .
⎧u 1 = 3
⎪
44-eKBinitüsIVúténcMnYnBit (u n ) kMnt´eday ⎨
u =
3u n − 4
⎪ n +1 u − 1
⎩ n

cUrKNna u CaGnuKmn_én n .
n

45-eKBinitüsIVúténcMnYnBit (u ) kMnt´eday ½ n

⎧u 1 = 4
⎨
⎩u n + 1 = u n , n ∈ IN *
cUrKNna u CaGnuKmn_én n .
n

46-eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (u ) kMnt´eday ½ n

u =5
0 nig u = 12 u + n + 5 ( n ∈ IN )
n +1 n

cUrKNna u énsIVút (u ) CaGnuKmn_én n .

n n

- 10 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

47-edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTüacUrKNnalImItxageRkam ½
2 + 2 + 2 + ..... + 2 + 2 + x − 2
L n = lim
x→ 2 x−2
( man n ra¨DIkal´ ) .
48-eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U ) kMnt´elI
n IN eday ½
⎧⎪ U 0 = 2
⎨
⎪⎩ U n + 1 = 2 + U n , n ∈ IN
k¿cUrKNna U CaGnuKmn_én n .
n

x¿KNnaplKuN P = U × U × Un 0 1 2 .
× .... × U n

49-eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U ) kMnt´elI
n IN eday ½
2
2 1 − 1 − Un
U0 =
2
nig U = n +1
2
, ∀n ∈ IN

KNna U CaGnuKmn_én n .
n

50-eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (u ) kMnt´eday½
n

⎧u 0 = a
⎨ 2
⎩u n +1 = u n − 2 , ∀n ∈ IN , a > 2

- 11 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
2n 2n
⎛a+ a −4⎞
2
⎛a− a −4⎞
2
cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa u n = ⎜⎜
2
⎟
⎟ + ⎜⎜
2
⎟
⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
51-k¿cUrkMnt´elxénGBaØat a,b,c ,d éncMnYn abcd

ebIeKdwgfa ½
abcd × 9 = dcba
x¿cMeBa¼témø a , b , c , d EdlánrkeXIjxagelIcUrbBa¢ak´fa
cMnYn abcd nig dcba suTæEtCakaer®ákd .
52-snμtfa HUNSEN CacMnYnmYymanelxRáMmYyxÞg´Edl
H , U , N , S , E , N Caelx .

eBlEdleKKuNcMnYnen¼nwg 3 eKTTYlTæplCacMnYnmanelx
RáMmYyxÞg´KW STRONG Edl S , T , R , O , N , G Caelx
cUrrkcMnYn HUNSEN nig STRONG
cMeBa¼ N = 6 , S = 3 nigcMeBa¼ N = 8 , S = 9 .
(GkßrxusKñatagedayelxxusKña ).
53-cUrbMeBjRbmaNviFIbUkxageRkam ½

- 12 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
S E ND
+
M O R E
M O N E Y

(GkßrxusKñatagedayelxxusKña )
54-eK[ A CacMnYnmYymanelxRáMxÞg´EdlelxxÞg´vaerobtam
lMdab´ x ; x + 1 ; x + 2 ; x + 1 ; x ehIy B CacMnYnmYymanelx
RáMmYyxÞg´EdlelxxÞg´vaerobtamlMdab´
x ; x+1; x+ 2 ; x+1; x−1; x .

cUrbgHajfaebI A CakaerRákdena¼ B k¾Cakaer®ákdEdr .

55-eK[cMnYn A = 111 .....

nig B = 444
111 .....
 444

( 2n elx ) (n elx )
cUrbgHajfa A + B + 1 CakaerRákd .
56-cMnYnmYymanelxbYnxÞg´EdlelxxÞg´vaerobtamlMdab´
a;a;b;b .

rkcMnYnena¼ebIeKdwgfavaCakaerRákd .
57-eKman
33 2 = 1089 , 333 2 = 110889 , 3333 2 = 11108889

- 13 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
33333 2 = 1111088889 .
BI«TahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnþTUeTAnigRsaybBa¢ak´rUbmnþen¼pg.

58-eKman
99 2 = 9801 , 999 2 = 998001 , 9999 2 = 99980001
99999 2 = 9999800001 .
BI«TahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnþTUeTAnigRsaybBa¢ak´rUbmnþen¼pg.
59-eKman
66 2 = 4356 , 666 2 = 443556 , 6666 2 = 44435556
66666 2 = 4444355556 .
BI«TahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnþTUeTAnigRsaybBa¢ak´rUbmnþen¼pg
60- eKman
6 2 − 5 2 = 11 , 56 2 − 45 2 = 1111 , 556 2 − 445 2 = 111111
5556 2 − 4445 2 = 11111111 .
BI«TahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnþTUeTA nigRsaybBa¢ak´rUbmnþen¼pg

- 14 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
61-eK[ A = a a ..........a a n n −1 1 0

nig B = a a .........a − 2 × a
n n −1 1 0

Rsayfa A Eckdac´nwg 7 lu¼RtaEt B Eckdac´nwg 7 .

62-eK[cMnYn A = a a ......a a a n n −1 2 1 0

Edl a , a , a , ....., a Caelx .

0 1 2 n

cUrRsayfacMnYn A Eckdac´nwg 6 kalNa

y = 4(a + a + ... + a ) + a Eckdac´nwg 6 .
1 2 n 0

63-cUrkMnt´elx a nig b edIm,I[cMnYn abba CaKUbéncMnYnKt´

64-eKtag r nig R erogKñaCakaMrgVg´carikkñúg nigcarikeRkA
énRtIekaN ABCmYy .
k¿cUrRsayfa cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + Rr
x¿cUrRsayfa R ≥ 2 r .
65-k¿cUrRsayfa sin12x = cot x − cot 2x
x¿cUrKNna S = sin1 a + 1 a + 1 a + .... + 1 a
n
sin sin sin
2 22 2n

- 15 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
x
cot
66-k¿cUrRsayfa 1+
1
= 2
cos x cot x

x¿KNnaplKuN
1 1 1 1
Pn = (1 + )(1 + )(1 + ).....(1 + )
cos a a a a
cos cos 2 cos n
2 2 2

67-eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U ) kMnt´elI IN eday ½

n

ni g
2
2 1− 1− U n
U =
0 U = n+1 , ∀n ∈ IN
2 2

KNna U CaGnuKmn_én n .
n

68-cUrKNna S = cos π9 − cos 49π + cos 79π

3 3 3

69-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanmMukñúgCamMuRsYc .

k¿cUrRsayfa tan A + tanB + tan C = tan A. tanB. tan C
x¿TajbBa¢ak´fa tan A + tan B + tan C ≥ 3 3 .
70-KNnaplbUk ½
S n = 9 + 99 + 999 + .... + 999
......
 999

(n elx9 )
71-cUrkMnt´RKb´KUtémøKt´viC¢man ( a , b ) ebIeKdwgfacMnYn ½
2
a
2ab − b + 1
2
CacM
3
n n
Y Kt´ v C
i m
¢ anE dr .

- 16 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
72-cUrbgHajfa ½
a b c
+ + ≥ 1
a + 8bc
2
b + 8ca
2
c + 8ab
2

cMeBa¼RKb´cMnYnBitviC¢man a , b , c .
73-eK[ (a ) CasIVúténcMnYnBitEdl a = 12
n 1

2
a
nigcMeBa¼RKb´cMnYnKt´viC¢man n eyIgman a n+1 = 2 n
an − an + 1
cUrRsaybBa¢ak´facMeBa¼RKb´cMnYnKt´viC¢man eyIgman ½ n

a + a + a + ......... + a < 1 .
1 2 3 n

74-cUrkMnt´RKb´KUtémøKt´ m , n ≥ 3 ebIeKdwgfacMeBa¼RKb´
cMnYnKt´viC¢man a eKman aa ++aa −−11 CacMnYnKt´ .
m

n 2

75-eK[bIcMnYnKt´viC¢man a , b , c Edl a + b + c = 10 .
cUrrktémøFMbMputén P = a × b × c .
4 4
76-eKmansmPaB sina x + cosb x = a +1 b
Edl a ≠ 0 , b ≠ 0 , a + b ≠ 0
8 8
cUrbgHajfa sina x + cosb x = (a +1b) .
3 3 3

- 17 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
77-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYYy .
bgHajfaebI tan A3 , tan B3 , tan C3
Ca¦ssmIkar (E) : x + ax + bx + c = 0
3 2

ena¼eKán 3 + a = 3b + c .
78-k¿ cUrKNnatémø®ákdén sin 10π nig cos 10π
x¿ cUrRsayfa x + (x − y ) ≤ 4(x + y ) sin 10π
2 2 2 2 2

RKb´cMnYn x, y ∈ IR .
79- eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U ) kMnt´eday U = 2 . sin n4π
n n
n

Edl n ∈ IN * .
k-cUrbgðajfa 2 . cos (n +41)π = cos n4π − sin n4π
x-Taj[ánfa U = ( 2 ) cos n4π − ( 2 ) cos (n +41)π
n
n n +1

K-KNnaplbUk ½
S = U + U + U + ......... + U CaGnuKmn_én n .
n 1 2 3 n

80-eK[ n cMnYnBit a ; a ; a ; .......; a ≥ 0 .

1 2 3 n

eKtag S = a + a + an + ..... + a , ∀n ∈ IN *
n
1 2 3 n

- 18 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
cUrRsayfaebI S ≥ a .a .a .......a a
n +1
n +1
1 2 3 n n +1

ena¼eKán S ≥ a a a .....a .
n
n
1 2 3 n

81-cUrbgHajfa 151 < 12 . 43 . 56 ...... 100

99
<
1
10
82-eK[ 2n cMnYnBit a ; a ; .....; a ; b ; b 1 2 n 1 2 ; ....; b n .
cUrRsayfa ½
2 2 2 2 2 2
(a1b1 + a2b2 + ....+ anbn )2 ≤ (a1 + a2 + ....+ an )(b1 + b2 + .....+ bn )
83-eK[ (x ) nig (y ) CasIVútcMnYnBitkMnt´elI IN
n n

eday x = 5 , y = 1 nigTMnak´TMngkMenIn ½
0 0

x = x + 3x y
n +1 n
3
nig y = 3x y + y RKb´ n ∈ IN
n n
2
n+1 n
2
n n
3

cUrKNna x nig y CaGnuKmn_én n .

n n




- 19 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

EpñkdMeNa¼Rsay

- 20 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI1
BIcMnYnBitviC¢man x nig y epÞógpÞat´TMnak´TMng 4x + 3y = 11
cUrkMnt´rtémøGtibrmaénGnuKmn_ ½
f ( x , y ) = ( x + 6)( y + 7)( 3x + 2y )

dMeNa¼Rsay
kMnt´rtémøGtibrmaénGnuKmn_ ½
f ( x , y ) = ( x + 6)( y + 7)( 3x + 2y )
tamvismPaB AM − GM eyIgán ½
( x + 6) + ( y + 7 ) + ( 3x + 2y ) 3
≥ ( x + 6)( y + 7 )( 3x + 2y )
3
4x + 3y + 13 3
≥ f (x , y )
3
3
⎛ 4x + 3y + 13 ⎞
eKTaj f (x , y ) ≤ ⎜ ⎟ eday 4x + 3y = 11
⎝ 3 ⎠
3
⎛ 11 + 13 ⎞
eKán f (x , y ) ≤ ⎜ ⎟ = 512 .
⎝ 3 ⎠
dUcen¼témøGtibrmaénGnuKmn_ f ( x , y ) esμInwg 512 .

- 21 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

lMhat´TI2
π
cUrkMnt´RKb´témø x kñúgcenøa¼ ]0; [
2
edaydwgfa ½
3 −1 3+1
+ =4 2
sin x cos x

dMeNa¼Rsay
π
kMnt´RKb´témø x kñúgcenøa¼ ]0; [
2
3 −1 3+1
+ = 4 2 (1)
sin x cos x
π ⎛π π⎞
eKBinitü sin = sin⎜ − ⎟
12 ⎝ 3 4⎠
π π π π
= sin cos − sin cos
3 4 4 3
3 2 2 1 6− 2
= . − . =
2 2 2 2 4
π ⎛π π⎞
ehIy cos = cos⎜ − ⎟
12 ⎝ 3 4⎠
π π π π
= cos cos + sin sin
3 4 3 2
1 2 3 2 6+ 2
= . + . =
2 2 2 2 4

- 22 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
smIkar (1) GacsresreTACa ½
3 −1 3+1
2 2 + 2 2 =2
sin x cos x
6− 2 6+ 2
4 + 4 =2
sin x cos x
π π
sin cos
12 + 12 = 2
sin x cos x
π π
sin cos x + sin x cos = 2 sin x cos x
12 12
⎛π ⎞
sin⎜ + x ⎟ = sin 2x
⎝ 12 ⎠
⎡ π
π ⎢ 12 + x = 2x
eday 0<x< ena¼eKTaján ⎢
2 ⎢ π + x = π − 2x
⎢⎣ 12
π 11π
eKTaj x=
12
¦ x=
36
( epÞógpÞat´nwglkçx&NÐEdl[ )
π 11π
dUcen¼ x∈{
12 36
; }.

- 23 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI3
enAkñúgRtIekaN ABC mYyEdl BC = a , AC = b , AB = c
cUrbgHajfa sin A2 ≤ b a+ c rYcsresrTMnak´TMngBIreTotEdl
RsedogKña .
dMeNa¼Rsay
bgHajfa sin A2 ≤ b a+ c
tamRTwsþIbTsIunUs sina A = sinb B = sinc C = 2R
Edl R CakaMrgVg´carwkeRkARtIekaN ABC .
eKTaj a = 2R sin A , b = 2R sin B , c = 2R sin C
eKman b a+ c = 2R sin2RB sin A
+ 2R sin C
A A
a sin A 2 sincos
= = 2 2
b + c sin B + sin C 2 sin B + C cos B − C
2 2
A A
a sin cos
= 2 2
b + c sin( π A ) cos B − C
−
2 2 2

- 24 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
A A A
a sin cos sin
=
A
2
B
2 =
− C B
2
− C
(1)
b + c cos cos cos
2 2 2
B−C
eday 0 ≤ | B − C| < π ena¼ 0 < cos
2
≤1
A
sin
tam (1) eKTaj a
= 2 ≥ sin A .
b + c cos B − C 2
2
A a
dUcen¼ sin ≤
2 b+c
.
TMnak´TMngBIreTotEdlRsedogKñaen¼KW ½
B b C c
sin ≤
2 c+a
ni g sin ≤
2 a+b
.

"""""

- 25 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI4
eKyk I tag[cenøa¼ [ − π4 ; π4 ] . cUrkMnt´GnuKmn_ f
kMnt´elI [ − 1 , 1 ] ebIeKdwgfa f (sin 2x) = sin x + cos x
rYcsRmYl f (tan x) cMeBa¼RKb´ x kñúgcenøa¼ I .
2

dMeNa¼Rsay
kMnt´GnuKmn_ f
eKman f (sin 2x) = sin x + cos x
elICakaer f (sin 2x) = (sin x + cos x)
2 2

f 2 (sin 2x ) = sin 2 x + 2 sin x cos x + cos 2 x

f 2 (sin 2x ) = 1 + sin 2x
π
eday sin x + cos x = 2 sin( + x)
4
cMeBa¼RKb´ x ∈ I
eKán .
f (sin 2x ) > 0
ehtuen¼ f (sin 2x) = 1 + sin 2x tag z = sin 2x
dUcen¼ f (z ) = 1 + z cMeBa¼ − 1 < z < 1 .
müa¨geTotRKb´ x ∈ [ − π4 , π4 ] eKman − 1 ≤ tan x ≤ 1

- 26 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
naM[ 0 ≤ tan x ≤ 1 .
2

1 1
dUcen¼ f (tan x) = 1 + tan
2 2
x= =
cos 2 x cos x
.

lMhat´TI5
cUrbgHajfa tan 3a − tan 2a − tan a = tan 3a tan 2a tan a
Edl a ≠ k2π RKb´cMnYnKt´rWTLaTIhV k .

dMeNa¼Rsay
bgHajfa tan 3a − tan 2a − tan a = tan 3a tan 2a tan a
eKman tan 3a = tan(2a + a)
tan 2a + tan a
tan 3a =
1 − tan 2a tan a
tan 3a(1 − tan 2a tan a ) = tan 2a + tan a
tan 3a − tan 3a tan 2a tan a = tan 2a + tan a
dYcen¼ tan 3a − tan 2a − tan a = tan 3a tan 2a tan a .

- 27 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI6
⎟ ≥ (1 + 2ab )
⎛ a ⎞ ⎛ b ⎞
cUrbgHajfa ⎜1 + ⎟ ⎜1 +
2

⎝ sin x ⎠ ⎝ cos x ⎠
π
cMeBa¼RKb´ a>0,b>0,0<x<
2

dMeNa¼Rsay
bgHajfa ⎛⎜ 1 + sina x ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ 1 + cosb x ⎞⎟ ≥ (1 + 2ab )
2

⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
eKman (1 + sina x ) (1 + cosb x ) = 1 + sina x + cosb x + sin xabcos x
tamvismPaB AM − GM eKman ½
a b 2 ab
+ ≥
sin x cos x sin x cos x
a b 2 ab ab
eKán (1 +
sin x
)(1 +
cos x
) ≥ 1+ +
sin x cos x sin x cos x
a b ab
(1 + )(1 + ) ≥ (1 + )2
sin x cos x sin x cos x
a b 2ab 2
(1 + ) (1 + ) ≥ (1 + ) ≥ (1 + 2ab )2
sin x cos x sin 2x
π
BIeRBa¼RKb´ 0<x<
2
eKman sin 2x ≤ 1 .

- 28 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI7
eK[ctuekaNEkg ABCD mYyEdl BC = 3AB .
P nig Q CaBIrcMnucénRCug [BC]Edl BP = PQ = QC .
cUrbgHajfa ∠DQC = ∠DBC + ∠DPC .
dMeNa¼Rsay
bgHajfa ∠DQC = ∠DBC + ∠DPC
A D

B P Q C

tag ∠DBC = α ; ∠DPC = β ; ∠DQC = γ

eyIgman tan α = 13 , tan β = 12 , tan γ = 1
1 1
+
tan α + tan β
eday tan( α + β ) = = 2
1 − tan α tan β 1 − 1
3 = 1 = tan γ

6
dUcen¼ α+β= γ ¦ ∠DQC = ∠DBC + ∠DPC .

- 29 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI8
eK[ z nig z CacMnYnkMupøicBIr .
1 2

cUrRsayfa | z + z | + | z − z | = 2(| z
1 2
2
1 2
2
1 |2 + | z 2 |2 )

dMeNa¼Rsay
Rsayfa | z + z | + | z − z | = 2(| z
1 2
2
1 2
2
1 |2
+ | z 2 |2
)
eKman | z + z | = (z + z )( z + z )
1 2
2
1 2 1 2

| z 1 + z 2 |2 = z 1 z1 + z 1 z 2 + z1z 2 + z 2 z 2
| z 1 + z 2 |2 =| z 1 |2 + z 1 z 2 + z1z 2 + | z 2 |2 (1)
ehIy | z 1 − z 2 |2 = ( z 1 − z 2 )( z1 − z 2 )
| z 1 − z 2 |2 = z 1 z1 − z 1 z 2 − z1z 2 + z 2 z 2
| z 1 − z 2 |2 =| z 1 |2 − z 1 z 2 − z1z 2 + | z 2 |2 (2 )
bUkTMnak´TMng (1) nig (2 ) eKán ½
| z 1 + z 2 |2 + | z 1 − z 2 |2 = 2 ( | z 1 |2 + | z 2 |2 ) .

- 30 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

lMhat´TI9
eK[ z nig z CacMnYnkMupøicBIrEdl | z
1 2 1 | = | z2 | = 1
nig z .z ≠ −1 .
1 2

cUrRsayfa 1z+ +z zz CacMnYnBitmYy .

1 2

1 2

dMeNa¼Rsay
Rsayfa 1z+ +z zz CacMnYnBitmYy
1 2

1 2
z1 + z 2 z1 + z 2
tag Z=
1 + z 1z 2
ena¼ Z=
1 + z1 .z 2
1 1
eday z 1 .z1 = | z 1 |2 = 1 ena¼ z1 =
z1
ehIydUcKña z2 =
z2
1 1
+
z1 z 2 z + z1
eKán Z= = 2
1 1 z 2 z1 + 1
=Z
1+ .
z1 z 2
z + z2
eday Z=Z Z= 1ena¼
1 + z 1z 2
CacMnYnBit .

- 31 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI10
KNnalImItxageRkam ½
12 + 12 + 12 + ... + 12 + 12 + x − 4
lim
x→4 x−4
man n ¦skaer .
dMeNa¼Rsay
KNnalImIt
tag L = lim 12 +
n
x→4
12 + 12 + ... + 12 +
x−4
12 + x − 4

( man n ¦skaer )
eKán
12 + 12 + ... + 12 + 12 + x − 4
L n−1 = lim
x→ 4 x−4
( man n − 1 ¦skaer )
snμtfa f (x) = 12 + 12 + 12 + ... + 12 + 12 + x − 4
n

nig f (x) = 12 + 12 + 12 + ... + 12 + 12 + x + 4

n

- 32 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
eKman ½
fn ( x).fn ( x ) = 12 + 12 + 12 + ... + 12 + 12 + x − 16

fn ( x).fn ( x ) = 12 + 12 + ..... + 12 + 12 + x − 4 = fn − 1 ( x)
f (x)
eKTaj fn ( x ) = n − 1
fn ( x )
fn − 1 ( x ) f (x) 1
eKán L n = lim
x → 4 ( x − 4) f ( x )
= lim n − 1 . lim
x→4 x − 4 x → 4 f (x)
n n
1
Ln = Ln −1 . eday
fn (4)
f n ( 4) = 8

1
eKán Ln = Ln − 1
8
naM[ CasIVútFrNImaRtmanersug
(Ln )
1 12 + x − 4
q=
8
nigtY L1 = lim .
x→4 x−4
tamrUbmnþtYTI eKán n L n = L1 × q n − 1

eday L = lim 12x+−x4 − 4 = lim 12 +1x + 4 = 18

1
x→4 x→4

nig q = 18 ena¼ Ln =
1
8n
.
dUcen¼
12 + 12 + 12 + ... + 12 + 12 + x − 4 1
lim
x→4 x−4
=
8n
.

- 33 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI11
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (u ) kMnt´eday ½
n
4
u
u = 1 nig u =
0 n+1 RKb´
3
n
2 n ∈ IN
4u + 6u + 4u + 1
n n n
4
1 ⎛ 1⎞
cUrbgHajfa 1+
un + 1
= ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟⎟
un ⎠
RKb´ n ∈ IN
⎝
rYcKNna un CaGnuKmn_én n .
dMeNa¼Rsay
4
1 ⎛ 1⎞
bgHajfa 1+ = ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟⎟
un + 1 ⎝ un ⎠
3 2
1 4u n + 6un + 4u n + 1
eyIgman 1+
un + 1
= 1+
un
4

4 3 2
u + 4u n + 6u n + 4u n + 1
= n 4
un
4
(u n + 1)4 ⎛ 1⎞
= 4 = ⎜
⎜ 1 + ⎟⎟
un ⎝ un ⎠
4
1 ⎛ 1⎞
dUcen¼ 1+
un + 1
= ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟⎟
un ⎠
.
⎝

- 34 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
KNna un CaGnuKmn_én n
4
1⎛ 1⎞
eyIgman 1+ = ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟⎟
un + 1 ⎝ un ⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
eKán ln ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟⎟ = 4 ln ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟⎟
un + 1 ⎠ un ⎠
⎝ ⎝
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
tag v n = ln ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟⎟
un ⎠
naM[
v n + 1 = ln ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟⎟
un + 1 ⎠
⎝ ⎝
eKán v = 4v .n+1 n

TMnak´TMngen¼bBa¢ak´fa ( v ) CasIVútFrNImaRtmanersug
n q=4

nigtY v = ln⎛⎜⎜ 1 + u1 ⎞⎟⎟ = ln 2 ( eRBa¼ u = 1 ) .

0 0
⎝ 0 ⎠

tamrUbmnþ v = v .q = 4
n 0
n n
ln 2 .
eday v = ln ⎛⎜⎜ 1 + u1 ⎞⎟⎟
n
⎝ n ⎠
⎛ 1⎞ 1
eKTaj ln ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟⎟ = 4n ln 2
un ⎠
naM[ 1+
un
= 24
n

⎝
1
dUcen¼ un = 4n .
2 −1

- 35 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI12
KNna
n n +1
Pn = (1 − x + x 2 )(1 − x 2 + x4 ).....(1 − x 2 + x 2 )

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNna
n n +1
Pn = (1 − x + x 2 )(1 − x 2 + x4 ).....(1 − x 2 + x 2 )
eKman 1 + a + a 2 4
= (1 + a 2 )2 − a 2 = (1 − a + a 2 )(1 + a + a 2 )
1 + a2 + a4
eKTaj 1 − a + a = 2

1 + a + a2
yk a=x 2k

2 k +1 2k+2
1 + x + x
eKán k
1 − x2 + x2 =
k + 1
k k +1
1 + x2 + x2
n ⎛ 1 + x2 2k+2 ⎞
k +1 2 n +1 2 n+ 2
+ x 1 + x + x
Pn = ∏ ⎜ ⎟=
⎜ 1 + x 2k
+ x 2 k +1 ⎟ 1 + x + x 2
k =0
⎝ ⎠
2 n +1 2 n+ 2
1+ x +x
dUcen¼ Pn =
1 + x + x2
.

- 36 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

lMhat´TI13
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCugRbEvg a , b , c .
knø¼bnÞat´Bu¼énmMu C kat´ [AB] Rtg´cMnuc D .
cUrRsayfa CD = a2+abb cos C2 .

C
dMeNa¼Rsay
Rsayfa CD = a2+abb cos C2
eyIgman S = S + S
ABC ACD CDB

1 A D B
eday S = 2 ab sin C
ABC

1 C 1 C
SACD = b CD sin
2 2
ni g S = a CD sin
2
CDB
2
eKán 12 ab sibC = 12 b.CD sin C2 + 12 a.CD sin C2
eKTaj CD = ab sin C C = a2+abb cos C2 .
(a + b ) sin
2
2ab C
dUcen¼ CD =
a+b
cos
2
.

- 37 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI14
KNnaplbUk
S n = 1.1!+2.2!+3.3!+..... + n.n!
Edl n! = n(n − 1)(n − 2)....3.2.1 .
dMeNa¼Rsay
KNnaplbUk
S n = 1.1!+2.2!+3.3!+..... + n.n!
eKman k .k! = [(k + 1) − 1 ] .k!
k .k! = (k + 1).k!−k!
k .k! = (k + 1)!−k!
eKán S n = ( 2!−1! ) + ( 3!−2! ) + (4!−3! ) + ... + (n + 1)!−n!
dUcen¼ S n = (n + 1)!−1 .

"""""

- 38 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI15
KNnatémø
A = ( 3 + tan 1o )( 3 + tan 2o )( 3 + tan 3o )...( 3 + tan 29o )

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNnatémø A
A = ( 3 + tan 1o )( 3 + tan 2o )( 3 + tan 3o )...( 3 + tan 29o )
sin 61o
eKman 3 + tan 1 = tan 60 + tan 1 =
0 o o

cos 60o cos 1o

sin 62o
3 + tan 2 = tan 60 + tan 2 =
o o o

cos 60o cos 2o

sin 63o
3 + tan 3 = tan 60 + tan 3 =
o o o

cos 60o cos 3o

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
sin 89o
3 + tan 29 = tan 60 + tan 29 =
0 o o

cos 60o cos 29o

sin 61o. sin 62o. sin 63o .... sin 89o 1
eKán A= =
(cos 60o )29 cos 1o cos 2o cos 3o ... cos 29o (cos 60o )29
1
eday cos 60o =
2
dUcen¼ A = 229 = 536870912 .

- 39 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI16
eK[ x , y , z CacMnYnBitEdlepÞógpÞat´lkçx&NÐ ½
cos x + cos y + cos z = 0 nig cos 3x + cos 3y + cos 3z = 0
cUrbgHajfa cos 2x cos 2y cos 2z ≤ 0 .

dMeNa¼Rsay
bgHajfa cos 2x cos 2y cos 2z ≤ 0
tamrUbmnþ cos 3a = 4 cos a − 3 cos a3

eKTaj 4 cos x = 3 cos x + cos 3x (1)

3

4 cos 3 y = 3 cos y + cos 3y ( 2)

4 cos 3 z = 3 cos z + cos 3z ( 3)
bUkTMnak´TMng (1) , ( 2) , ( 3) eKán ½
4 cos 3 x + 4 cos 3 y + 4 cos 3 z = 0
¦ cos x + cos y + cos z = 0
3 3 3

(eRBa¼ cos x + cos y + cos z = 0 nig cos 3x + cos 3y + cos 3z = 0 )

eKman cos x + cos y + cos z = 0
eKán cos x + cos y = − cos z

- 40 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
elIkCaKUbeKán ½
(cos x + cos y )3 = − cos 3 z
cos 3 x + 3 cos x cos y (cos x + cos y ) + cos 3 y = − cos 3 z
cos 3 x − 3 cos x cos y cos z + cos 3 y = − cos 3 z
cos 3 x + cos 3 y + cos 3 x = 3 cos x cos y cos z
eday cos x + cos y + cos z = 0
3 3 3

eKTaj 3 cos x cos y cos z = 0

naM[ cos x = 0 ¦ cos y = 0 ¦ cos z = 0 .
edaysnμtyk cos x = 0 ena¼ cos y = − cos z
eKán ½
cos 2x cos 2y cos 2z = ( 2 cos 2 x − 1)( 2 cos 2 y − 1)( 2 cos 2 z − 1)
cos 2x cos 2y cos 2z = −( 2 cos 2 z − 1)2 ≤ 0
dUcen¼bBaHaRtUvánRsaybBa¢ak´ .

"""""

- 41 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI17
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYy . bnÞat´Bu¼mMu A , B , C kat´RCug
[BC] , [ AC] , [ AB] erogKñaRtg´ A' , B' , C' .
cUrRsayfa ½
B−C C− A A−B
sin( ) sin( ) sin( )
2 + 2 + 2 =0
AA' BB' CC'

dMeNa¼Rsay
C

A C' B

eyIgman S ABC = S ACC' + SCC'B

1
eday S ABC =
2
ab sin C
1 C 1 C
S ACC' = b CC' sin
2 2
nigS CC'B = a CC' sin
2 2
1 1 C 1 C
eKán 2
ab sibC = b.CC' sin + a.CC' sin
2 2 2 2

- 42 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
ab sin C 2ab C
eKTaj CC' =
C
=
a+b
cos (1)
2
(a + b ) sin
2
A−B A+B
a − b sin A − sin B 2 sin cos
eKman c
=
sin C
= 2
C C
2
2 sin cos
2 2
A+B ⎛ π C⎞ C
eday cos = cos⎜ − ⎟ = sin
2 ⎝2 2⎠ 2
A−B
a−b sin C c A−B
eKán c
= 2
C
naM[ cos =
2 a − b
. sin(
2
)
cos
2
2abc A−B
tam (1) eKán CC' = 2
a −b 2
sin(
2
)
A−B
sin( ) a2 − b2
eKTaj CC'
2 =
2abc
.
B−C C− A
sin( ) b 2 − c 2 sin( ) c2 − a2
dUcKñaEdr AA'
2 =
2abc
;
BB'
2 =
2abc
B−C C− A A−B
sin( ) sin( ) sin( )
dUcen¼ AA'
2 +
BB'
2 +
CC'
2 =0 .

- 43 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI18
eK[BhuFa P(x) = (x sin a + cos a) Edl n ∈ IN *
n

cUrrksMNl´énviFIEckrvag P(x) nwg x + 1 .

2

dMeNa¼Rsay
sMNl´énviFIEck
tag R(x) CasMNl´énviFIEckrvag P(x) nwg x + 1
2

-ebI n = 1 ena¼ P(x) = x sin a + cos a

dUcen¼ R(x) = x sin a + cos a CasMnl´énviFIEck .
-ebI n ≥ 2 eKán P(x) = (x + 1)Q(x) + R(x)
2

Edl Q(x) CaplEck nwg R(x) = Ax + B

eKán (x sin a + cos a) = (x + 1)Q(x) + Ax + B
n 2

ebI x = i ena¼ (i sin a + cos a) = Ai + B

n

¦ cos(na) + i. sin(na) = B + i.A

eKTaj A = sin(na) nig B = cos(na)
dUcen¼ R(x) = x sin(na) + cos(na) .

- 44 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI19
⎧x + y = 3 a + b
eda¼RsayRbB&næsmIkar ⎨ 4
⎩ x − y = ax − by
4

Edl a nig b CacMnYnBitEdl a+b≠0 .

dMeNa¼Rsay
eda¼RsayRbB&næsmIkar
⎧x + y = 3 a + b ⎧a + b = ( x + y ) 3 y
⎨ 4 smmUl ⎨
⎩ x − y = ax − by ⎩ax − by = x − y 1
4 4 4

⎧ay + by = y ( x + y )3
⎨ +
⎩ax − by = x − y
4 4

a( x + y ) = y ( x + y ) 3 + x 4 − y 4
eday a + b ≠ 0 ena¼ x + y ≠ 0
eKTaj a = y(x + yx) ++yx − y = x
3 4 4
3
+ 3xy 2

ehIy b = (x + y ) − a = 3x y + y
3 2 3

⎧ x 3 + 3xy 2 = a ⎧x + y = 3 a + b
eKánRbB&næ ⎨ 2 naM[ ⎨
⎩ 3x y + y = b ⎩x − y = a − b
3 3

3
a+b+3 a−b 3
a+b −3 a−b
dUcen¼ x=
2
; y=
2
.

- 45 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI20
9999 ⎛ 1 ⎞
cUrbgHajfa ∑ ⎜
n = 1⎝ ( n +
⎟=9
n + 1 )( 4 n + 4 n + 1 ) ⎠

dMeNa¼Rsay
bgHajfa ∑ ⎛⎜ ( 1 ⎞
9999
⎟=9
⎝
n =1 n + n + 1 )( n + n + 1 ) ⎠
4 4

eKman ( 4 n + 1 + 4 n )( 4 n + 1 − 4 n ) = n + 1 − n
1
( 4 n + 1 + 4 n )( 4 n + 1 − 4 n ) =
n+1+ n
1
eKTaj ( n + n + 1 )( n + n + 1 )
4 4
= 4 n+1−4 n
9999⎛ 1 ⎞ 9999 4
∑⎜ ⎟ = ∑ ( n + 1 − 4
n)
n = 1⎝ ( n + n + 1 )( n + n + 1 ) ⎠ n = 1
4 4

= 4 10000 − 1 = 9
9999⎛ 1 ⎞
dUcen¼ ∑⎜
n = 1⎝ ( n +
⎟=9
n + 1 )( 4 n + 4 n + 1 ) ⎠
.

"""""

- 46 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI21
eK[GnuKmn_ f kMnt´RKb´ x ∈ IR − { − 1 ; 0 } eday ½
1
x( 2x + 1)f ( x) + f ( ) = x + 1
x
.
cUrKNna S = f (1) + f ( 2) + f ( 3) + .... + f ( 2009)

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNna S = f (1) + f (2) + f (3) + .... + f (2009)
eKman x(2x + 1)f (x) + f ( 1x ) = x + 1 (1)
CMnYs x eday 1x kñúgsmIkar (1) eKán ½
1 2 1 1
( + 1)f ( ) + f ( x ) = + 1
x x x x
1 x2 x2 + x
f( ) + f ( x) = ( 2)
x x+2 x+2
dksmIkar (1) nig ( 2) Gg:nwgGg:eKán ½
⎡ x2 ⎤ x2 + x
⎢ x( 2x + 1) − x + 2 ⎥ f ( x ) = x + 1 − x + 2
⎣ ⎦
2x( x + 1)2 2x + 2
f ( x) =
x+2 x+2
1 1 1
eKTaján f ( x) = = −
x( x + 1) x x + 1

- 47 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
2009
⎛
2009 1 1 ⎞ 1 2008
eKán S = ∑ [f (k )] = ∑ ⎜ − ⎟ = 1− =
k =1 k = 1⎝ k k + 1⎠ 2009 2009
2008
dUcen¼ S = f (1) + f ( 2) + f ( 3) + .... + f ( 2009) =
2009
.

lMhat´TI22
cUrkMnt´RKb´KU éncMnYnKt´viC¢manebIeKdwgfa ½
(m ; n )
m2 + n2 = 13(m + n ) .
dMeNa¼Rsay
kMnt´RKb´KU (m ;n ) ½
eKman m + n = 13(m + n) (1)
2 2

-krNITI1 m = n
eKán 2n = 26n naM[ n = 13
2

dUcen¼ m = n = 13 .
-krNITI2 m ≠ n
eyIgBinitüeXIjfaebI (m ;n ) CaKUcemøIyrbs´ (1) ena¼eKán
(n ; m ) k¾CaKUcemøIyrbs´ (1) Edr .
snμtfa m < n . tamvismPaB Cauchy Schwarz

- 48 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
eyIgman (m + n )2 < 2(m 2 + n 2 )
(m + n )2 < 26(m + n )
m + n < 26
eday m < n ena¼eKán 2m < m + n < 26 ¦ m < 13
eday m ∈ IN * ena¼eKTaj 1 ≤ m ≤ 12 .
müa¨geTotsmIkar (1) Gacsresr ½
n 2 − 13n + m 2 − 13m = 0 ( 2)
DIsRKImINg´ Δ = 169 − 4(m − 13m)
2

smIkar (2) mancemøIykñúg IN * kalNa Δ CakaerRákd

éncMnYnKt´viC©maness .
eKyk 169 − 4(m − 13m) = (2k + 1) ∀k ∈ IN
2 2

eKán 168 − 4(m − 13m) = (2k + 1) − 1 = 4k (k + 1)

2 2

eKTaj k (k + 1) = 42 + m(13 − m) eday 1 ≤ m ≤ 12

ena¼témøEdlGacrbs´plKuN k (k + 1) KW ½
k (k + 1) = { 54 , 64 , 72 , 78 , 82 , 84 } .
kñúgtémøTaMgRáMmYyen¼témøEdlCaplKuNcMnYnKt´tKñamanEt
témø 72 = 8 × 9 mYyKt´EdlRtUvnwg m = { 3 ; 10 } .

- 49 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
-cMeBa¼ m = 3 eKán n − 13n − 30 = (n − 15)(n + 2) = 0
2

naM[ n = 15 .
-cMeBa¼ m = 10 eKán n − 13n − 30 = (n − 15)(n + 2) = 0
2

naM[ n = 15 .
srubmkeKTTYlánKUcemøIy®áMKUKW ½
(m ; n ) = { ( 3 ;15 ); (10 ;15) ; (13 ;13 ) ; (15 ; 3 ) ; (15 ;10 ) } .

"""""

- 50 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI23
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYyEkgRtg´ A . eKyk E ∈ [AC]
nig F ∈ [AB] Edl ∠AEF = ∠ABC nig ∠AFE = ∠ACB .
eKtag E' nig F' erogKñaCaeCIgcMeNalEkgén E nig F
elIRCug [BC] .
cUrRsayfa E' E + EF + FF' ≤ BC ?
dMeNa¼Rsay
Rsayfa E' E + EF + FF' ≤ BC
A

E
F

B F' E' C

tag BC = a , AC = b , AB = c .
RtIekaNEkg ABC nig AFE manmMu ∠AEF = ∠ABC
vaCaRtIekaNdUcKña .

- 51 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
AE AF EF
eKánpleFobdMnUc AB =
AC BC
= =k

Edl k > 0 tag[pleFobdMnUc .

eKTaj AE = ck , AF = bk , EF = ak .
RtIekaNEkg ABC nig EE'C manmMu ∠ ACB rYmvaCaRtIekaN
AB BC AB.EC
dUcKña . eKán EE =
' EC
naM [ EE' =
BC
eday EC = AC − AE = b − ck
eKán EE' = c(b −a ck ) .
dUcKñaEdreKTaj FF' = b(c −a bk )
eKán E' E + EF + FF' = c(b −a ck ) + ak + b(c −a bk )
bc − c 2k + a 2k + bc − b 2k
=
a
2bc + k (a 2 − b 2 − c 2 ) 2bc
= =
a a
BIeRBa¼kñúgRtIekaNEkgABC eKman (BItaK&r)
a2 = b2 + c2
tamvismPaB AM − GM eKman a = b + c ≥ 2bc
2 2 2

eKTaj 2abc ≤ a = BC .dUcen¼ E' E + EF + FF' ≤ BC .

- 52 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI24
eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitviC¢man . cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa ½
b+c c+a a+b
+ + ≤2
a + 4(b + c ) b + 4(c + a ) c + 4(a + b )
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

dMeNa¼Rsay
Rsayfa ½
b+c c+a a+b
+ + ≤2
a + 4(b + c ) b + 4(c + a ) c + 4(a + b )
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

eKman b + c = (b + c) − 3bc(b + c)
3 3 3

tamvismPaB AM − GM eKman b + c ≥ 2 bc
2

eKTaj bc ≤ ⎛⎜ b 2+ c ⎟⎞ naM[ − 3bc(b + c) ≥ − 43 (b + c) 3

⎝ ⎠
eKán b + c ≥ (b + c) − 43 (b + c) = 14 (b + c)
3 3 3 3 3

eKTaj b + c ≤ 4(b + c )
3 3 3

¦ a + b + c ≤ a + 4(b + c )
3 3 3

b+c b+c
naM[ ≤
a+b+c
(1)
a + 3 4(b 3 + c 3 )

- 53 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
c+a c+a
dUcKñaEdr ≤ (2 )
b + 4(c + a ) a + b + c
3 3 3

a+b a+b
nig ≤
+ +
(3 ) .
c + 4(a + b )
3 3 3
a b c
edaybUkTMnak´TMng (1) , ( 2) , ( 3) eKán ½
b+c c+a a+b
+ + ≤2 .
a + 4(b + c ) b + 4(c + a ) c + 4(a + b )
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

lMhat´TI25
⎧a 0 = a 1 = 1
eK[sIVútcMnYnBit ⎨
⎩an + 1 = 2an − an − 1 + 2 , ∀n ≥ 1
cUrRsayfa an 2 + 1 = an × an + 1 .

dMeNa¼Rsay
Rsayfa a = a × a n 2 +1 n n+1

eKman a = 2a − a
n +1 n n −1

tag c = a − a RKb´
n n n −1 n≥1
eKán c = a − a
n+1 n+1 n

cn + 1 = ( 2an − an − 1 + 2) − an = cn + 2

- 54 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
TMnak´TMngen¼bBa¢ak´fa (c ) CasIVútnBVnþmanplsgrYm
n d=2
nigtY c = a − a = 1 − 1 = 0 .
1 1 0

eKán c = c + (n − 1)d = 2(n − 1) = 2n − 2

n 1

eKTaj a − a = 2n − 2
n n −1
n n
∑ (ak − ak − 1 ) = 2 ∑ (k − 1)
k =1 k =1

n(n − 1)
an − a 0 = 2
2
an − 1 = n(n − 1)
eKTaj a n = n2 − n + 1 nig a n + 1 = (n + 1)2 − (n + 1) + 1

¦ a =n
n+1
2
+n+1 nig an 2 + 1 = n 4 + n 2 + 1
eday a a n n+1 = (n 2 − n + 1)(n 2 + n + 1) = (n 2 + 1)2 − n 2

¦ aa n n+1 = n4 + n2 + 1 .
dUcen¼ a n 2 +1
= an × an + 1 .

"""""

- 55 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI26
kñúgRtIekaN ABC mYycUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa ½
1 1 1 R
+ + ≥4
A B C r
sin sin sin
2 2 2
Edl r nig R CakaMrgVg´carwkkñúg nig carwkeRkARtIekaN .

dMeNa¼Rsay
Rsayfa 1 A + B C
1
+
1
≥4
R
r
(1)
sin sin sin
2 2 2
tag BC = a , AC = b , AB = c
tamRTwsþIbTkUsIunUskñúgRtIekaN ABC eKman ½
A
a = b + c − 2bc. cos A eday cos A = 1 − 2 sin
2 2 2 2

2
ena¼ a = b + c − 2bc(1 − 2 sin A2 )
2 2 2 2

A a 2 − (b − c)2 (a + b − c)(a − b + c)
eKTaj sin
2
=2

4bc
=
4bc
a+b+c
tag p=
2
( knø¼brimaRténRtIekaN )
eKán a + b − c = 2(p − c) nig
a − b + c = 2(p − b )

- 56 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
A (p − b )(p − c)
eKán sin 2
2
=
bc
A (p − b )(p − c)
naM[ sin =
2 bc
. dUcKñaEdreKTaj ½
B (p − a )(p − c) C (p − a )(p − b )
sin = ; sin =
2 ac 2 ab
A B C (p − a )(p − b )(p − c)
eKán sin sin sin =
2 2 2 abc
abc
eKman S = p(p − a )(p − b )(p − c) = pr =
4R
S2
eKTaj abc = 4R .S nig(p − a )(p − b )(p − c) =
p
= r .S

A B C r .S r
eKán sin sin sin =
2 2 2 4R .S 4R
= .
vismPaB (1) smmUleTAnwg ½
1 1 1 1
+ + ≥4
A B C A B C
sin sin sin 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
B C C A A B
sin sin sin sin sin sin
2
A
2 + 2
B
2 + 2
C
2 ≥2 (2 )
sin sin sin
2 2 2
B C (p − a )2 (p − b )(p − c) p − a A
eday sin sin =
2 2 a 2bc
=
a
sin
2

- 57 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
B C
sin sin
eKTaj 2 2 = p−a . dUcKñaEdreKTaján ½
A a
sin
2
C A A B
sin sin sin s in
2 2 = p−b nig 2 2 = p−c
B b C c
sin sin
2 2
vismPaB (2 )smmUleTAnwg ½
p−a p−b p−c
+ + ≥2
a b c
tamvismPaB AM − GM eKán ½
p − a 2(p − a )
p = (p − a ) + a ≥ 2 (p − a)a naM[ ≥
a p
p − b 2(p − b ) p − c 2(p − c)
dUcKñaEdr b
≥
p
nig c
≥
p
eKán
p−a p−b p−c (p − a ) + (p − b ) + (p − c )
+ + ≥2
a b c p
p−a p−b p−c
a
+
b
+
c
≥2 Bit
1 1 1 R
dUcen¼ A
+
B
+
C
≥4
r
.
sin sin sin
2 2 2

- 58 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI27
eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitviC¢manEdl 4abc = a + b + c + 1
crbgH
UrbgHajfa ½
b2 + c2 c2 + a2 a2 + b2
+ + ≥ 2(ab + bc + ca)
a b c

dMeNa¼Rsay
Rsayfa ½
b2 + c2 c2 + a2 a2 + b2
+ + ≥ 2(ab + bc + ca )
a b c
tamvismPaB AM − GM eKman ½
4abc = a + b + c + 1 ≥ 44 abc naM[ abc ≥ 1
eKTaj a + b + c = 4abc − 1 ≥ 3abc (1) ( eRBa¼ abc ≥ 1 )
tamvismPaB AM − GM eKán ½
b 2 + c 2 c 2 + a 2 a 2 + b 2 2bc 2ca 2ab
+ + ≥ + + (2 )
a b c a b c
tamvismPaB Cauchy - Schwarz eKman ½
(ab + bc + ca)2 ≤ 3 [(ab )2 + (bc )2 + (ca)2 ]
2bc 2ca 2ab 2
eday a
+
b
+
c
=
abc
[ (bc)2 + (ca)2 + (ab )2 ]

- 59 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
eKTaj 2abc + 2bca + 2ab
c
≥
2
3abc
(ab + bc + ca) 2
(3 )
tam (2) nig (3) eKTaján½
b 2 + c2 c2 + a2 a2 + b 2 2
+ + ≥ (ab + bc + ca )2 (4 )
a b c 3abc
⎧(ab )2 + (bc )2 ≥ 2ab 2c
⎪
eyIgman ⎨(bc ) + (ca) ≥ 2abc
2 2 2

⎪(ca)2 + (ab )2 ≥ 2a 2bc

⎩
eKán 2 [ (ab )2 + (bc )2 + (ca)2 ] ≥ 2abc(a + b + c)

(ab )2 + (bc )2 + (ca)2 ≥ abc(a + b + c)

EfmGg:TaMgBIrnwg 2(ab)(bc) + 2(ab)(ca) + 2(bc)(ca)
eKán (ab + bc + ca) ≥ 3abc(a + b + c)
2

eKman a + b + c ≥ 3abc ( tam (1) )

eKTaj (ab + bc + ca) ≥ 9a b c 2 2 2 2

¦ ab + bc + ca ≥ 3abc
2
naM[ 3abc (ab + bc + ca) ≥ 2(ab + bc + ca) (5 )
2

tam (4) nig (5) eKTaján ½

b +c c +a a +b
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + ≥ 2(ab + bc + ca) .
a b c

- 60 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI28
eK[sIVút { a } kMnt´eday ½
n

a = 1 nig a = a .a ....a + 4 cMeBa¼RKb´ n ≥ 1 .

0 n +1 0 1 n

cUrbgHajfa a − a = 2 cMeBa¼RKb´ n ≥ 1 .
n n +1

dMeNa¼Rsay
bgHajfa a − a = 2
n n +1

eyIgseg;teXIjfaRKb´ k ∈ IN eKmann ak > 0 .

eKman a = a .a ....a + 4
n +1 0 1 n

eKán a = a .a .....a + 4
n+ 2 0 1 n+1

an + 2 = (a 0 .a1 .....an )(a 0 .a1 .....an + 4) + 4

an + 2 = (a 0a1 .....an )2 + 4(a 0 .a1 ....an ) + 4
an + 2 = (a 0a1 .....an + 2)2
eKTaj an + 2 = a 0a1 .....an + 2
a n + 2 = (a n + 1 − 4) + 2 ¦ an + 1 − an + 2 = 2
dUcen¼ an − an + 1 = 2 .

- 61 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI29
eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitviC¢manEdl ab + bc + ca = 1 .
cUrbgHajfa (a + b1 ) + (b + 1c ) + (c + a1 ) ≥ 16
2 2 2

dMeNa¼Rsay
bgHajfa (a + b1 ) 2 1 1
+ (b + )2 + (c + )2 ≥ 16
c a
tag A = (a + b1 ) 2 1 1
+ (b + ) 2 + (c + ) 2
c a
1 1 1 ⎛a b c⎞
= a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2⎜ + + ⎟
a b c ⎝b c a⎠
1 ab + bc + ca b c bc
eyIgBinitü a2
=
a2
= + + 2
a a a
1 ab + bc + ca a c ac
= = + + 2
b2 b2 b b b
1 ab + bc + ca b a ab
= = + + 2
c2 c2 c c c
tamvismPaB AM − GM eKman ½
a b b c a c bc ca ab
+ ≥2 ; + ≥2, + ≥2 , 2 + 2 + 2 ≥3
b a c b c a a b c
1 1 1
eKán + + ≥ 2+ 2+ 2+ 3= 9
a2 b 2 c2

- 62 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
ehIy ba + bc + ac ≥ 3 ba . bc . ac = 3
3

müa¨geTot a + b ≥ 2ab , b + c ≥ 2bc ; c + a

2 2 2 2 2 2
≥ 2ca
naM[ 2a + 2b + 2c ≥ 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
2 2 2

naM[ a + b + c ≥ ab + bc + ca = 1
2 2 2

eKán A ≥ 1 + 9 + 2(3) = 16 .
dUcen¼ (a + b1 ) + (b + 1c ) + (c + a1 ) ≥ 16 .
2 2 2

lMhat´TI30
eK[ 2 = 2 cos 2π , 2 + 2 = 2 cos 2π , 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 cos 2π
2 3 4

BI«TahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnþTUeTA nig RsaybBa¢ak´

rUbmnþena¼pg .
dMeNa¼Rsay
rkrUbmnþTUeTA ½
eKman 2 = 2 cos 2π 2
, 2 + 2 = 2 cos
π
23
,
π
2 + 2 + 2 = 2 cos
24

- 63 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
tamlMnaM«TahrN_eyIgGacTajrkrUbmnþTUeTAdUcxageRkam ½
π
2 + 2 + 2 + ......... + 2 = 2 cos
  
2
. n +1
(n)

RsaybBaØak´rUbmnþen¼ ½
eyIgtag A = 2+ 2+ 2 
n + ...... + 2 RKb´


n ∈ IN *
(n)

eyIgman A = 2 = 2 cos 2π Bit

1 2

eyIg«bmafavaBitdl´tYTI p KW ½
π
A p = 2 + 2 + 2 + ...... + 2 = 2 cos p +1
 
2
Bit
(p)

eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl´tYTI p + 1 KW A = 2 cos 2π Bit p +1 p+ 2

eyIgman A = 2 + A
p +1 p

edaytamkar«bma A = 2 cos 2π p p +1

eyIgán A = 2 + 2 cos 2π = 4 cos 2π = 2 cos 2π Bit

p +1 p +1
2
p+ 2 p+ 2

π
dUcen¼ 2 + 2 + 2 + ......... + 2 = 2 cos n +1
  
2
.
(n)

- 64 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI31
edayeFIVvicartamkMeNIncUrRsaybBa¢ak´facMnYn ½
A =2
n
6n +1
+9 Eckdac´nwg11 Canic©cMeBa¼RKb´
n +1

cMnYnKt´FmμCati n .
dMeNa¼Rsay
RsaybBa¢ak´facMnYn A = 2 + 9 Eckdac´nwg11
n
6n +1 n +1

-ebI n = 0 eKán A = 2 + 9 = 11 Bit ( Eckdac´nwg11 )

0

-ebI n = 1 eKán A = 2 + 9 = 209 = 11 × 19 Bit

1
7 2

( Eckdac´nwg11 ).
eyIg«bmafavaBitdl´tYTI p KW A = 2 + 9 p
6 p +1 p +1

Eckdac´nwg11 eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl´tYTI P + 1 KW
A =2
p +1 +9
6p+ 7
Eckdac´nwg11
p+ 2

eyIgman A = 2 + 9p +1
6p+ 7 p+ 2

A p +1 = 2 6 ( 2 6p +1 + 9 p +1 ) + (9 p + 2 − 2 6 .9 p +1 )
A p +1 = 64A p + 9 p +1 (9 − 64)
A p+1 = 64A p − 55.9 p +1

- 65 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
edaytamkar«bma A Eckdac´nwg11 ehIy 55.9
p
p +1

Eckdac´nwg11 .
eKTaján A = 64A − 55.9 Eckdac´nwg 11 Bit .
p +1 p
p +1

dUcen¼cMnYn A = 2 + 9 Eckdac´nwg11 Canic©cMeBa¼

n
6 n +1 n +1

RKb´cMnYnKt´FmμCati n .

lMhat´TI32
eK[ E = 831 − 743 + 709 − 610 , n ∈ IN
n
n n n n

cUrbgHajfa E Eckdac´nwg 187 Canic©RKb´ n ∈ IN .

n

dMeNa¼Rsay
bgHajfa E Eckdac´nwg 187 Canic©RKb´ n ∈ IN ½
n

eday 187 = 11 × 17 Edl 11 nig 17 CacMnYnbfmrvagKña .

dUcen¼edIm,IRsayfa E Eckdac´nwg 187 eyIgEtUvRsay
n

[eXIjfa E Eckdac´ 11 nig 17 .

n

eKman a − b = (a − b)(a + a b + .... + b ) = (a − b) . N

n n n −1 n− 2 n −1

- 66 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
Edl N = a n −1
+ a n − 2 b + ....... + b n −1
eKán E n = 831n − 743 n + 709 n − 610 n , n ∈ IN
= (831n − 743 n ) + (709 n − 610 n )
= (831 − 743) p + ( 709 − 610) q
= 88 p + 99q = 11 ( 8p + 9q ) ; p , q ∈ IN *
eKTaján E Eckdac´nwg n 11 .
müa¨geToteKman½
E n = 831n − 743 n + 709 n − 610 n , n ∈ IN
= ( 831n − 610 n ) + ( 709 n − 743 n )
= ( 831 − 610 ) α + (709 − 743 ) β
= 221 α − 34 β = 17 (13 α − 2 β ) ; α; β ∈ IN *
eKTaján En Eckdac´nwg 17 .
dUcen¼ En Eckdac´nwg 187 Canic©RKb´ n ∈ IN .

- 67 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI33
cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa
1 1 1
1+ + + ..... + < 2 n+1
2 3 n+1

dMeNa¼Rsay
RsaybBa¢ak´fa ½
1 1 1
1+ + + ..... + < 2 n+1
2 3 n+1
eyIgman
1 1 1
k +1− k = > =
k +1+ k k +1+ k +1 2 k +1
1
¦ 2 k +1
< k +1− k
1
ebI k =1 :
2 2
< 2 −1
1
ebI k=2 :
2 3
< 3− 2
1
ebI k=3 :
2 4
< 4− 3

---------------------------------
ebI k = n : 2 n1 + 1 < n + 1 − n

- 68 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
1 1 1 1
eKán (
2 2
+
3
+ ......... +
n+1
) < n+1−1
1 1 1
eKTaj 2
+
3
+ ........ +
n+1
< 2 n+1−2
1 1 1
1+ + + ....... + < 2 n+1−1
2 3 n+1
< 2 n+1
1 1 1
dUcen¼ 1+
2
+
3
+ ..... +
n+1
< 2 n+1 .

lMhat´TI34
eK[ n cMnYnBitviC¢man a 1 ; a 2 ; a 3 ; .........; a n .
cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa ½
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + .......... + a n ≥ n n a 1 .a 2 .a 3 ......a n

dMeNa¼Rsay
RsaybBa¢ak´fa ½
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + .......... + a n ≥ n n a 1 .a 2 .a 3 ......a n
-cMeBa¼ n = 2 eKman a 1 + a 2 ≥ 2 a 1a 2
smmUl ( a − a 1 2 ) 2
≥0 Bit

- 69 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
-«bmafavaBitdl´tYTI k KW ½
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + .......... + a k ≥ k k a 1 .a 2 .a 3 ......a k Bit
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl´tYTI k +1 KW ½
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + .......... + a k + a k +1 ≥ (k + 1) k +1 a 1 .a 2 .a 3 ......a k .a k +1
tag
( x + a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + ...... + a k ) k +1
f (x) = ; ∀x > 0 , a k ≥ 0 , k ∈ IN *
x
eyIgán ½
(k + 1)( x + a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k ) k x − ( x + a 1 + a 2 + ..... + a k ) k +1
f ' ( x) =
x2
( x + a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k ) k [(k + 1)x − ( x + a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k )]
=
x2
( x + a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k ) k (kx − a 1 − a 2 − .... − a k )
=
x2
ebI f '(x) = 0 naM[ x = a + a +k..... + a
1 2 k

cMeBa¼ x = a + a +k..... + a eKán ½

1 2 k

a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k
( + a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k ) k +1
a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k k
f( )=
k a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k
k
k
a + a 2 + ...... + a k ⎛ a + a 2 + ..... + a k ⎞
f( 1 ) = (k + 1) k +1 ⎜ 1 ⎟
k ⎝ k ⎠

- 70 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
( x + a 1 + a 2 + ..... + a k ) k
taragGefrPaBén f (x) =
x
x a1 + a 2 + ... + ak
o +∞
k
f ' ( x) .− .+

f ( x)

tamtaragGefrPaBxagelIcMeBa¼ ∀x ≥ 0 eyIgTaján ½
( x + a1 + a 2 + ...... + ak )k + 1
f ( x) =
x
k
⎛ a1 + a 2 + a 3 + ..... + ak ⎞
≥ (k + 1) k +1
⎜ ⎟
⎝ k ⎠
tamkar«bma a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + .......... + a k ≥ k k a 1 .a 2 .a 3 ......a k
k
⎛ a 1 + a 2 + ..... + a k ⎞
smmUl ⎜
k
⎟ ≥ a 1 .a 2 .........a k
⎝ ⎠
( x + a 1 + a 2 + ....... + a k ) k +1
eKTaj x
≥ (k + 1) k +1 a 1 a 2 ......a k

naM[ x + a + a + ..... + a ≥ (k + 1)
1 2 k
k +1
a 1 .a 2 .......a k x (*)

yk x = a > 0 CYskñúg (*)

k +1

- 71 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
eKán
a1 + a 2 + a 3 + ..........+ ak + ak +1 ≥ (k + 1) k +1 a1 .a 2 .a 3 ......ak .ak +1 Bit
dUcen¼ a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + .......... + a n ≥ n n a 1 .a 2 .a 3 ......a n .

lMhat´TI35
eda¼RsayRbB&næsmIkar ½
⎧ tan4 x + 6 tan 2 x tan 2 y + tan 4 y = 28
⎨
⎩ tan x tan y + tan x tan y = 4 3
3 3

π
Edl 0< x<y<
2
.

dMeNa¼Rsay
eda¼RsayRbB&næsmIkar ½
⎧ tan4 x + 6 tan 2 x tan 2 y + tan 4 y = 28
⎨
⎩ tan x tan y + tan x tan y = 4 3
3 3

⎧ tan 4 x + 6 tan 2 x tan 2 y + tan4 y = 28 (1)

smmUl ⎨
⎩ 4 tan x tan y + 4 tan x tan y = 16 3 ( 2)
3 3

- 72 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
bUksmIkar (1) nig ( 2) eKán ½
(tan x + tan y )4 = 28 + 16 3 = ( 4 + 2 3 )2 = (1 + 3 )4
π
eday 0< x<y<
2
ena¼eKán
0 < tan x < tan y

eKTaj tan x + tan y = 1 + 3 ( 3)

eFIVplsg (1) nig ( 2) eKán ½

(tan x − tan y )4 = 28 − 16 3 = ( 4 − 2 3 )2 = (1 − 3 )4
eKTaj tan x − tan y = 1 − 3 (4) eRBa¼ 0 < tan x < tan y
bUksmIkar (3) nig (4) eKán 2 tan x = 2
eKTaj tan x = 1 naM[ x = π4 .
eFIVplsgsmIkar (3) nig (4) eKán 2 tan y = 2 3
eKTaj tan y = 3 naM[ y = π3 .
dUcen¼eKánKUcemøIy ( x = π4 , y = π3 ) .

- 73 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI36
eK[ a , b , c CaRCugrbs´RtIekaNmYynigtag p
Caknø¼brimaRténRtIekaN .
cUrbgHajfa p −1 a + p −1 b + p 1− c ≥ 2 ⎛⎜ a1 + b1 + 1c ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠

dMeNa¼Rsay
bgHajfa p −1 a + p −1 b + p 1− c ≥ 2 ⎛⎜ a1 + b1 + 1c ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠
cMeBa¼RKb´cMnYnBit A > 0 ; B > 0 eKman ½
( A − B ) 2 = A 2 − 2 A.B + B 2 ≥ 0
¦ A 2 + 2 A.B + B 2 ≥ 4 A.B

( A + B ) 2 ≥ 4A .B
A+B 4
eKTaján ≥
A.B A + B
¦ A1 + B1 ≥ A 4+ B (1)
yk A = p−a , B = p−b
eKán A + B = 2p − a − b = c CYskñúg (1)
eKán p 1− a + p −1 b ≥ 4c (2) .
dUcKñaEdreKTaj½

- 74 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
1 1 4
+ ≥ ( 3)
p−b p−c a
nig p 1− c + p −1 a ≥ b4 (4)
bUkvismPaBB (2) , (3) , (4) Gg:nwgGg:eKán ½
2 2 2 4 4 4
+ + ≥ + +
p−a p−b p−c a b c
1 1 1 ⎛ 1 1 1 ⎞
dUcen¼ + +
p−a p−b p−c
≥2⎜ + + ⎟ .
⎝ a b c ⎠

lMhat´TI37
k¿cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa ½
4n − 3 4n − 1 4n − 1
4n + 1
<
4n + 1
<
4n + 3
cMeBa¼RKb´ n ∈ IN *

x¿TajbgHajfa ½
1 3 × 7 × 11 × ....... × (4n − 1) 3
2 n+1
<
5 × 9 × 13 × ....... × ( 4n + 1)
<
4n + 3
.

dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿RsaybBa¢ak´fa 44nn −+ 13 < 44nn +− 11 < 4n − 1
4n + 3
tamvismPaB AM − GM eKGacsresr ½

- 75 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
( 4n − 1) + (4n + 3) > 2 (4n − 1)(4n + 3)
8n + 2 > 2 (4n − 1)(4n + 3)
4n + 1 > (4n − 1)(4n + 3)
1 1
<
4n + 1 ( 4n − 1)(4n + 3)
KuNGg:TaMgBIrnwg (4n − 1) eyIgán ½
4n − 1 4n − 1
< (1)
4n + 1 4n + 3
müa¨geTot (4n − 3) + (4n + 1) > 2 (4n − 3)(4n + 1)
8n − 2 > 2 (4n − 3)(4n + 1)
4n − 1 > (4n − 3)(4n + 1)
EckTaMgBIrnwg (4n + 1) eyIgán ½
4n − 1 4n − 3
> ( 2)
4n + 1 4n + 1
tamTMnak´TMng (1) nig ( 2) eKTaján ½
4n − 3 4n − 1 4n − 1
<
4n + 1 4n + 1
<
4n + 3
.
x¿TajbgHajfa½
1 3 × 7 × 11 × ....... × (4n − 1) 3
< <
2 n+1 5 × 9 × 13 × ....... × (4n + 1) 4n + 3

- 76 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
tamsRmayxagelIeyIgman 44nn −+ 13 < 44nn +− 11 < 4n − 1
4n + 3
cMeBa¼ n = 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ..... ; n eyIgán ½
1 3 3
< <
5 5 7
5 7 7
< <
9 9 11
9 11 11
< <
13 13 15
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
4n − 3 4n − 1 4n − 1
< <
4n + 1 4n + 1 4n + 3
KuNvismPaBTaMgen¼Gg:nwgGg:eKán ½
1 3 7 11 4n − 1 3
< . . . ........ <
4n + 1 5 9 13 4n + 1 4n + 3
1 1 1
edayeKman 4n + 1
> =
4n + 4 2 n + 1
.
dUcen¼
1 3 × 7 × 11 × ....... × (4n − 1) 3
2 n+1
<
5 × 9 × 13 × ....... × ( 4n + 1)
<
4n + 3
.

"""""

- 77 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI38
eK[ a ; b ; c CabIcMnYnBitviC¢man .
cUrbgHajfa b a+ c + c +b a + a +c b ≥ 32

dMeNa¼Rsay
bgHajfa b a+ c + c +b a + a +c b ≥
3
2
⎧ b+c=m
⎪
tag ⎨ c+a = n
⎪ a+b =p
⎩
eKán (b + c) + (c + a) + (a + b) = m + n + p
naM[ a + b + c = m + 2n + p
⎧ n+p−m
⎪ a =
2
⎪
⎪ m−n+p
eKTaj ⎨ b =
2
⎪
⎪ m+n−p
⎪⎩ c =
2
eKán

- 78 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
a b c n+p−m m−n+p m+n−p
+ + = + +
b+c c+a a+b 2m 2n 2p
a b c 1 ⎡⎛ n m ⎞ ⎛ p m ⎞ ⎛ n p ⎞ ⎤
+ + = ⎢⎜ + ⎟ + ⎜ + ⎟ + ⎜ + ⎟ − 3 ⎥
b + c c + a a + b 2 ⎣⎝ m n ⎠ ⎝ m p ⎠ ⎝ p n ⎠ ⎦
tamvismPaB AM − GM eKán ½
n m p m n p
+ ≥2; + ≥2; + ≥2
m n m p p n
a b c 1 3
eKán + +
b+c c+a a+b
≥ (2 + 2 + 2 − 3 ) =
2 2
a b c 3
dUcen¼ + +
b+c c+a a+b
≥
2
.
lMhat´TI39
k¿KNna 11.2 + 21.3 + 31.4 + .... + (n −11) n Edl n > 2
x¿edayeRbIvismPaB AM − GM én (n − 1) cMnYnxageRkam ½
1 1 1 1
; ; ;
1.2 2.3 3.4 (n − 1) n
cU r bgH a jfa n < ( n! )
n
. 2

dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿KNna 11.2 + 21.3 + 31.4 + .... + (n −11) n = ∑ ⎡⎢ (k −11) k ⎤⎥
n

k=2 ⎣ ⎦

- 79 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
1 k − (k − 1) 1 1
eKman (k − 1) k
=
(k − 1) k
=
k −1 k
−
n ⎡ 1 ⎤ n⎛ 1 1⎞ 1
eKán ∑⎢ = ∑ ⎜
⎥ k=2 k − 1 k
k = 2 ⎣ (k − 1) k ⎦
− ⎟ = 1 −
⎝ ⎠ n
1 1 1 1 1
dUcen¼ +
1.2 2.3 3.4
+ + .... +
(n − 1) n
= 1−
n
.
x¿ bgHajfa n < ( n ! )
n 2

tamvismPaB AM − GM ½
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + ..... + a n ≥ n n a 1 .a 2 . a 3 ......a n ; ∀a k ≥ 0
eKán ½
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + .... + > (n − 1) ( n − 1) . ......
1.2 2.3 (n − 1) n 1 .2 2 .3 (n − 1)n
1 1
1− > (n − 1) ( n −1)
n n ! (n − 1) !
n−1 1
> (n − 1) ( n −1)
n n! (n − 1) !
1 n
> ( n −1 )
n (n ! ) 2
n −1
⎛ 1⎞ n
⎜ ⎟ > 2
⇒ nn < ( n ! )2
⎝ n⎠ (n! )
dUcen¼ nn < ( n! )2 .

- 80 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI40
eK[ a ; b ; c CabIcMnYnBitxusBIsUnü .
2 2 2
⎛ a⎞ ⎛b⎞ ⎛ c⎞ a b c
cUrbgHajfa ⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ ≥ + +
⎝b⎠ ⎝ c ⎠ ⎝a⎠ b c a

dMeNa¼Rsay
2 2 2
⎛ a⎞ ⎛b⎞ ⎛ c⎞ a b c
bgHajfa + +
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ≥ + +
⎝b⎠ ⎝ c ⎠ ⎝a⎠ b c a
tamvismPaB AM − GM eKman ½
2 2 2
⎛a⎞ ⎛b⎞ ⎛ c⎞ a2 b2 c2
⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ ≥ 3 3
2
. 2 . 2 =3
⎝b⎠ ⎝ c ⎠ ⎝a⎠ b c a
2 2 2
⎛ a⎞ ⎛b⎞ ⎛c⎞
eKTaj⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ ≥ 3 (1)
⎝b⎠ ⎝ c ⎠ ⎝a⎠
⎧⎛ a ⎞ 2 a
⎪⎜ ⎟ + 1 ≥ 2
⎪⎝ b ⎠ b
⎪⎪⎛ b ⎞ 2 b
müa¨geToteKman ⎨⎜ ⎟ + 1 ≥ 2
⎪⎝ c ⎠ c
⎪⎛ c ⎞ 2 c
⎪⎜ ⎟ + 1 ≥ 2
⎪⎩⎝ a ⎠ a
2 2 2
⎛ a⎞ ⎛b⎞ ⎛ c⎞ ⎛ a b c⎞
eKTaján ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ + 3 ≥ 2 ⎜ + + ⎟ ( 2)
⎝b⎠ ⎝ c ⎠ ⎝a⎠ ⎝ b c a⎠

- 81 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
bUkvismPaB (1) nig ( 2) Gg: nig Gg: eKán ½
⎡ ⎛ a ⎞2 ⎛ b ⎞2 ⎛ c ⎞2 ⎤ ⎛a b c⎞
3+ 2 ⎢ ⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ ⎥ ≥ 3+ 2 ⎜ + + ⎟
⎣ ⎝b⎠ ⎝ c ⎠ ⎝a⎠ ⎦ ⎝b c a⎠
⎡ ⎛ a ⎞2 ⎛ b ⎞2 ⎛ c ⎞2 ⎤ ⎛a b c⎞
2 ⎢ ⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ ⎥ ≥ 2 ⎜ + + ⎟
⎣ ⎝b⎠ ⎝ c ⎠ ⎝a⎠ ⎦ ⎝b c a⎠
2 2 2
⎛a⎞ ⎛b⎞ ⎛c⎞ a b c
dUcen¼ +
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ + ≥ + + .
⎝b⎠ ⎝ c ⎠ ⎝a⎠ b c a

lMhat´TI41
eK[ x ; y ; z CabIcMnYnBitviC¢manminsUnü .
cUrbgHajfa x1 + y1 + z1 ≥ x + y9 + z
2 2 2 2 2 2

dMeNa¼Rsay
bgHajfa x1 + y1 + z1 ≥ x + y9 + z
2 2 2 2 2 2

vismPaBen¼GacsresreTACa ½
x2 + y 2 + z 2 x2 + y 2 + z 2 x2 + y 2 + z 2
+ + ≥9
x2 y2 z2
y2 z2 x2 z 2 x2 y 2
1+ 2 + 2 +1+ 2 + 2 +1+ 2 + 2 ≥ 9
x x y y z z
y 2 x2 z 2 x2 z 2 y 2
+ + + + + ≥6
x2 y 2 x2 z2 y 2 z2

- 82 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
y 2 x2 y 2 x2
eday x 2
+ 2 ≥2 2. 2 =2
y x y
z 2 x2 z 2 x2 y2 z2 y2 z2
x2 z2
+ ≥2 2. 2 =2
x z
+
z2 y2
nig
≥2 2. 2 =2
z y
y 2 x2 z 2 x2 z 2 y 2
eKán x 2
+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 ≥ 2+ 2+ 2 = 6
y x z y z
Bit
1 1 1 9
dUcen¼ + + ≥
x2 y 2 z 2 x2 + y 2 + z 2
.

lMhat´TI42
1 1

eKman y=a 1− log a x

nig z=a 1− log a y

cUrRsayfa x=a 1− log a z

.

dMeNa¼Rsay
1

Rsayfa x=a 1− log a z

1
1
eKman y=a 1− log a x
naM[ log a y =
1 − log a x
1
eKTaj log a x = 1 −
log a y
(1)

- 83 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
1
1
dUcKñaEdr z=a 1− log a y
naM[ log a z =
1 − log a y
eKTaj log y = 1 − log1 z (2)
a
a

ykTMnak´TMng (2) eTACYskñúg (1) eKán ½

1
log a x = 1 −
1
1−
log a z
log a z
log a x = 1 −
(log a z ) − 1
log a z − 1 − log a z
log a x =
(log a z ) − 1
1
log a x =
1 − log a z
1

eKTaján x=a 1− log a z

.

- 84 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI43
⎧u 1 = 4
⎪
eKBinitüsIVúténcMnYnBit (u n ) kMnt´eday ⎨
u =
5u n − 4
⎪ n +1 2u − 1
⎩ n

cUrKNna un CaGnuKmn_én n .

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNna u CaGnuKmn_én
n n ½
5u n − 4 5r − 4
smIkarsMKal´énsIVút u n +1 =
2u n − 1
KW r =
2r − 1
c
¦ 2r − 6r + 4 = 0 man¦s
2
r1 = 1 ; r2 =
a
=2

tagsIVút v = uu −− 12
n
n

n
5u n − 4
−1
u − 1 2u n − 1 u −1
eKán v n +1 = n +1 =
u n +1 − 2 5u n − 4
=3( n
un − 2
) = 3 vn
−2
2u n − 1
TMnak´TMngen¼bBa¢ak´fa ( v ) CasIVútFrNImaRtmanersug
n

u −1 3
q = 3 nigtY v = = .
1
1

u −2 2 1

- 85 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
3 3n
tamrUbmnþ vn = v1 × q n −1
= ×3 =
2
n −1

2
un − 1 2v n − 1 3n − 1
eday vn =
un − 2
eKTaj un = = n
vn − 1 3
−1
2
2 ( 3 n − 1)
dUcen¼ vn =
3n − 2
.

lMhat´TI44
⎧u 1 = 3
⎪
eKBinitüsIVúténcMnYnBit (u n ) kMnt´eday ⎨
u =
3u n − 4
⎪ n +1 u − 1
⎩ n

cUrKNna un CaGnuKmn_én n .

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNna u CaGnuKmn_én n ½
n

smIkarsMKal´énsIVút u = 3uu −−14 KW r = 3rr−−14

n +1
n

¦ r − 4r + 4 = (r − 2) = 0 eKTaj¦s r = r = 2 .
2 2
1 2

tagsIVút v = u 1− 2
n
n

- 86 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
1 3u n − 4
eKán v n +1 =
u n +1 − 2
eday u n +1 =
un − 1
un − 1 u −1
eKán v n +1 = = n
3u n − 4 − 2u n + 2 u n − 2
u −1 1
eKman v n +1 − v n = n −
un − 2 un − 2
efr
=1

naM[ ( v ) CasIVútnBVnþmanplsgrYm d = 1
n

nigtY v = u 1− 2 = 3 −1 2 = 1 .
1
1

tamrUbmnþ v = v + (n − 1)d = 1 + n − 1 = n
n 1

eday v = u 1− 2 eKTaj u = 2 + v1 = 2 + n1 = 2nn+ 1

n n
n n
2n + 1
dUcen¼ un =
n
.
"""""

- 87 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI45
eKBinitüsIVúténcMnYnBit (u n ) kMnt´eday ½
⎧u 1 = 4
⎨
⎩u n + 1 = u n , n ∈ IN *
cUrKNna un CaGnuKmn_én n .

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNna u CaGnuKmn_én n
n

eKman u = u
n +1 n

eKán ln u = 12 ln u
n +1 n

1
TMnak´TMngen¼bB¢ak´fa (ln u ) CasIVútFrNImaRtmanersug
n q=
2
tamrUbmnþ ln u = ln u × q = 21 ln 4 = ln(4)
1
n −1
n 1 n −1 2n − 1

1
dUcen¼ u = (4) .
n 2n − 1

- 88 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI46
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (u ) kMnt´eday ½ n

u =5
0 nig u = 12 u + n + 5 ( n ∈ IN )
n +1 n

cUrKNna u énsIVút (u ) CaGnuKmn_én n .

n n

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNna u énsIVút (u ) CaGnuKmn_én n
n n

eyIgtag u = v + an + b Edl a , b ∈ IR
n n

eyIgán u = v + an + a + b eday u = 12 u
n +1 n +1 n+ 1 n +n+5

eKán v + an + a + b = 12 ( v + an + b) + n + 5
n +1 n

1 ⎡ 1 1 ⎤
v n +1 = v n + ⎢( − a + 1)n + ( 5 − a − b )⎥ (*)
2 ⎣ 2 2 ⎦
⎧ 1
⎪⎪ − 2 a + 1 − 0
ebI ⎨ naM[ a=2 ;b=3
⎪5 − a − 1 b = 0
⎪⎩ 2
1
TMnak´TMng eTACa v
(*) n +1 = vn
2
naM[ ( v ) CasIVútFrNImaRt.
n

1
manersug q= .
2

- 89 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
tamrUbmnþ v = v × q eday u
n 0
n
n = v n + an + b = v n + 2n + 6

cMeBa¼ n = 0 eKán u = v + 6 0 0

naM[ v = u − 6 = 5 − 6 = −1
0 0

eKán v = −1 × 21 = − 21 .
n n n

1
dUcen¼ un = −
2 n
+ 2n + 6 .

lMhat´TI47
edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTüacUrKNnalImItxageRkam ½
2 + 2 + 2 + ..... + 2 + 2 + x − 2
L n = lim
x→ 2 x−2
( man n ra¨DIkal´ ) .

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNnalImItxageRkam ½
2 + 2 + 2 + ..... + 2 + 2 + x − 2
eyIgman L n = lim
x→ 2 x−2
eyIgán

- 90 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
2+ x −2 (2 + x) − 4 1 1
L 1 = lim = lim = lim =
x→ 2 x−2 x→ 2 ( x − 2 )( 2 + x + 2 ) x→ 2 2+ x + 2 4
2+ 2+ x −2 2+ x −2
L 2 = lim = lim
x→ 2 x−2 x→ 2
( x − 2)( 2 + 2 + x + 2)
1 2+ x −2 1 1
L 2 = lim × lim = L1 = 2
x→ 2
2+ 2+ x + 2 x→ 2 x−2 4 4

eyIgsnμtfavaBitdl´lMdab´TI k KW L = 41 k k

1
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl´lMdab´TI (k + 1) KW L k +1 =
4 k +1

eyIgman L = lim 2 + 2 +
k +1
x→ 2
2 + 2 + ..... + 2 + x − 2
x−2
KuNPaKyknigPaKEbgnwg
M( x ) = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + ... + 2 + x + 2
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + .... + 2 + x − 4
eKán L k +1 = lim
x→ 2 ( x − 2).M ( x )
1 2 + 2 + 2 + .... + 2 + x − 2
L k +1 = lim × lim
x→ 2 M( x ) x→ 2 x−2
1 1 1 1 1
L k +1 = × L k = L k = × k = k +1 Bit
M ( 2) 4 4 4 4

2 + 2 + 2 + ..... + 2 + 2 + x − 2 1
dUcen¼ L n = lim
x→ 2 x−2
= n
4

- 91 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI48
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (Un ) kMnt´elI IN eday ½
⎧⎪ U 0 = 2
⎨
⎪⎩ U n + 1 = 2 + U n , n ∈ IN
k¿cUrKNna U CaGnuKmn_én n .
n

x¿KNnaplKuN P = U × U × Un 0 1 2 × .... × U n .

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNna U CaGnuKmn_én n ½
n

eyIgman U = 2 = 2 cos π4
0

π π
U 1 = 2 + U 0 = 2 + 2 cos = 2 cos
4 8
π
«bmafavaBitdl´tYTI p KW U p = 2 cos p+ 2
2
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl´tYTI (p + 1) KW U = 2 cos 2π Bit p+ 1 p+ 3

eyIgman U = 2 + U Ettamkar«bma U = 2 cos 2π

p +1 p p p+ 2

eyIgán U = 2 + 2 cos 2π = 4 cos 2π = 2 cos 2π Bit

p +1 p+ 2
2
p+ 3 p+ 3

- 92 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
dUcen¼ U = 2 cos 2π
n .
n+ 2

x¿ KNnaplKuN P = U × U × U × .... × U
n 0 1 2 n

tamrUbmnþ sin 2a = 2 sin a cos a naM[ 2 cos a = sisinn2aa

π
sin
n n π n
2k+1 )
Pn = ∏(Uk ) = ∏(2cos k+2 ) = ∏(
k=0 k=0 2 k=0 π
sin k+2
2
π
sin
= 2 = 1
π π
sin n+2 sin n+2
2 2
1
dUcen¼ Pn =
π
.
sin n + 2
2

lMhat´TI49
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (Un ) kMnt´elI IN eday ½
2
2 1 − 1 − Un
U0 =
2
nig U = n +1
2
, ∀n ∈ IN

KNna U CaGnuKmn_én
n n .

- 93 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
dMeNa¼Rsay
KNna U CaGnuKmn_én n ½
n

eyIgman U = 22 = sin π4
0

π
2 1 − 1 − sin 2
1 − 1 − U0 4 = sin π
U1 = =
2 2 8
π
«bmafavaBitdl´tYTI p KW U p = sin p+ 2
2
π
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl´tYTI (p + 1) KW U p +1 = sin
2 p+ 3
Bit
2
1 − 1 − Up π
eyIgman U p +1 =
2
kar«bma U p = sin
2p+ 2
π
1 − 1 − sin 2
eyIgán U p +1 = 2p+ 2
2
π π
1 − cos 2 sin 2
= 2p+ 2 = 2 p + 3 = sin π Bit
2 2 2p+ 3
π
dUcen¼ U n = sin
2n+ 2
.

- 94 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI50
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (u n ) kMnt´eday½
⎧u 0 = a
⎨ 2
u
⎩ n +1 = u n −2 , ∀n ∈ IN , a > 2
2n 2n
⎛a+ a −4⎞ 2
⎛a− a −4⎞ 2
cUrRsaybBa¢ak´fa u n = ⎜⎜
2
⎟
⎟ + ⎜⎜
2
⎟
⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

dMeNa¼Rsay
2n 2n
⎛a+ a −4⎞ ⎛ ⎞
⎟ +⎜a− a −4⎟
2 2
RsaybBa¢ak´fa u n = ⎜⎜
2 ⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
a + a2 − 4 a − a2 − 4
ebI n=0 eKán u0 =
2
+
2
=a Bit
2k 2k
⎛a+ a −4⎞ 2
⎛a− a −4⎞ 2
«bmavaBitdl´tYTI k KW u k = ⎜⎜
2
⎟
⎟ + ⎜⎜
2
⎟
⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl´tYTI k + 1 KW
2k + 1 2k + 1
⎛a+ a −4⎞
2
⎛a− a −4⎞
2
u k +1 = ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
eyIgman 2
u k +1 = u k − 2

- 95 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
2k 2k
⎛a+ a −4⎞ ⎛a− a −4⎞
2 2
Ettamkar«bma uk = ⎜ ⎜
2
⎟
⎟ + ⎜⎜
2
⎟
⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2
⎡⎛ ⎞
2k
⎛ a − a2 − 4 ⎞
2k ⎤
a + a 2
− 4
eyIgán u k +1 = ⎢⎜⎜
⎢⎝ 2
⎟ +⎜
⎟ ⎜ 2
⎟ ⎥ −2
⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
2k + 1 2k + 1
⎛ a + a2 − 4 ⎞ ⎛ a − a2 − 4 ⎞ a2 − a2 + 4
u k +1 = ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎟ + 2× −2
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 4
2k + 1 2k + 1
⎛a+ a −4⎞ 2
⎛a− a −4⎞ 2
u k +1 = ⎜⎜
2
⎟
⎟ + ⎜⎜
2
⎟
⎟
Bit
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2n 2n
⎛a+ a −4⎞ 2
⎛a− a −4⎞ 2
dUcen¼ u n = ⎜⎜
2
⎟
⎟ + ⎜⎜
2
⎟
⎟ .
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

"""""

- 96 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI51
k¿cUrkMnt´elxénGBaØat a,b,c ,d éncMnYn abcd

ebIeKdwgfa ½
abcd × 9 = dcba
x¿cMeBa¼témø a , b , c , d EdlánrkeXIjxagelIcUrbBa¢ak´fa
cMnYn abcd nig dcba suTæEtCakaer®ákd .
dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿kMnt´elxénGBaØat a , b , c , d ½
eKman abcd × 9 = dcba (1)
tamTMnak´TMng (1) eKTajántémø a EtmYyKt´KW a = 1 .
cMeBa¼ a = 1 eKán 1bcd × 9 = dcb1 (2)
tamTMnak´TMng (2) eKTaján d = 9 eRBa¼ d × 9 = 81
manelxxagcugesμI 1 .
cMeBa¼ d = 9 eKán 1bc9 × 9 = 9cb1 (3)
tamTMnak´TMng (3) eKTaján b = 0
( eRBa¼ b × 9 minGacmanRtaTukeT )

- 97 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
cMeBa¼ b = 0 eKán 10c9 × 9 = 9c01 (3)
tamTMnak´TMng (3) eKTaján c = 8 eRBa¼ c × 9 = 8 × 9 = 72
Efm 8 [elxxagcugesμI 0 .
cMeBa¼ c = 8 eKán 1089 × 9 = 9801 .
dUcen¼ a = 1 , b = 0 , c = 8 , d = 9 .
x¿bBa¢ak´facMnYn abcd nig dcba suTæEtCakaer®ákd ½
cMeBa¼ a = 1 , b = 0 , c = 8 , d = 9 eKán ½
abcd = 1089 = 33 nig dcba = 9801 = 99
2 2

suTæEtCakaer®ákd .

- 98 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI52
snμtfa HUNSEN CacMnYnmYymanelxRáMmYyxÞg´Edl
H , U , N , S , E , N Caelx .
eBlEdleKKuNcMnYnen¼nwg 3 eKTTYlTæplCacMnYnmanelx
RáMmYyxÞg´KW STRONG Edl S , T , R , O , N , G Caelx
cUrrkcMnYn HUNSEN nig STRONG
cMeBa¼ N = 6 , S = 3 nigcMeBa¼ N = 8 , S = 9 .
(GkßrxusKñatagedayelxxusKña ).
HUNSEN
× 3
STRONG

dMeNa¼Rsay
rkcMnYn HUNSEN nig STRONG

- 99 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
eKman ½
HUNSEN
× 3
STRONG
k¿cMeBa¼ N=6 , S=3
HU 63E6
× 3
3TRO6G
tamtaragRbmaNviFIKuNen¼bBa¢ak´fa H=1
cMeBa¼ H = 1 taragviFIKuNeTACa ½
1U63E6
× 3
3TRO6G
tamtaragviFIKuNen¼eKTaján G = 8 eRBa¼ 6× 3
manelxagcugesμI 8 .
cMeBa¼ G = 8 taragviFIKuNeTACa ½
1U63E6
× 3
3TRO68
tamtaragviFIKuNen¼eKTaján E=5 eRBa¼ E× 3 Efm 1

- 100 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
manelxcugeRkayesμInwg 6 .
cMeBa¼ E = 5 taragviFIKuNeTACa ½
1U6356
× 3
3TRO68
tamtaragviFIKuNen¼eKTaján O = 0 eRBa¼ 3× 3 Efm 1
manelxcugeRkayesμInwg 0 .
cMeBa¼ O = 0 taragviFIKuNeTACa ½
1U6356
× 3
3TR 068
tamtaragviFIKuNen¼eKTaján R = 9 eRBa¼ 6× 3 Efm 1
manelxcugeRkay
esμInwg 9 .
cMeBa¼ R = 9 taragviFIKuNeTACa ½
1U6356
× 3
3T9068

- 101 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
tamtaragen¼bBa¢ak´fa U minGacFMCag 2 eTehIyedayGkßr
xusKñatagedayelxxusKñaena¼eKTaján U = 2 EtmYyKt´
BIeRBa¼ O = 0 , H = 1 ehIy U minGacyktémø 0 ¦ 1
dEdleTotáneT .
cMeBa¼ U = 2 taragviFIKuNeTACa ½
126356
× 3
3T9068
tamtaragviFIKuNen¼eKTaján T=7 BIeRBa¼fa ½
126356
× 3
379068
edayeRbobeFobtaragviFIKuN ½
HUNSEN 126356
× 3 nwg × 3
STRONG 379068

- 102 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
eKTaján ½
HUNSEN = 126356 nig STRONG = 379068

CacMnYnEdlRtUvrk .
x¿cMeBa¼ N = 8 , S = 9
eyIgeda¼RsaytamrebobdUcxagelIeKán ½
318928
× 3
956784
edayeRbobeFobtaragviFIKuN ½
HUNSEN 318928
× 3 × 3
nwg
STRONG 956784
eKTaján ½
HUNSEN = 318928 nig STRONG = 956784
CacMnYnEdlRtUvrk .

- 103 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI53
cUrbMeBjRbmaNviFIbUkxageRkam ½
S E ND
+
M O R E
M O N E Y

(GkßrxusKñatagedayelxxusKña )
dMeNa¼Rsay
bMeBjRbmaNviFIbUkxageRkam ½
S E ND
+
M O R E
M O N E Y

cemøIyrbs´taragviFIbUken¼KW ½
9 5 67
+
10 8 5
10 65 2

( sisßeda¼RsayedayxøÜnÉg ) .

- 104 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI54
eK[ A CacMnYnmYymanelxRáMxÞg´EdlelxxÞg´vaerobtamlMdab´
x ; x + 1 ; x + 2 ; x + 1 ; x ehIy B CacMnYnmYymanelx
RáMmYyxÞg´EdlelxxÞg´vaerobtamlMdab´
x ; x+1; x+ 2 ; x+1; x−1; x .
cUrbgHajfaebI A CakaerRákdena¼ B k¾Cakaer®ákdEdr .
dMeNa¼Rsay
karbgHaj ½
eyIgmanelxTaMgRáMxÞg´én A erobtamlMdab´
x ; x+1; x+ 2 ; x+1; x naM[ 0 < x < x + 1 < x + 2 ≤ 9
¦ 0<x≤7 .
-ebI x = 1 ena¼ A = 12321 = 1112
-ebI x = 2 ena¼ A = 23432 minEmnCakaer®ákd .
-ebI x = 3 ena¼ A = 34543 minEmnCakaer®ákd .
-ebI x = 4 ena¼ A = 45654 minEmnCakaer®ákd .
-ebI x = 5 ena¼ A = 56765 minEmnCakaer®ákd .

- 105 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
-ebI x = 6 ena¼ A = 67876 minEmnCakaer®ákd .
-ebI x = 7 ena¼ A = 78987 minEmnCakaer®ákd .
srubmkeKán x = 1 CatémøEdl[ A Cakaer®ákd .
eday B elxxÞg´vaerobtamlMdab´ ½
x ; x+1; x+ 2 ; x+1; x−1; x
ena¼cMeBa¼ x = 1 eKán B = 123201 = 351 Cakaer®ákd .
2

dUcen¼ ebI A CakaerRákdena¼ B k¾Cakaer®ákdEdr .

lMhat´TI55
eK[cMnYn A = 111.....

1 nig
11 B = 444
....
.444

( 2n elx ) (n elx )
cUrbgHajfa A+B+1 CakaerRákd .

dMeNa¼Rsay
bgHajfa A + B + 1 CakaerRákd ½
10 − 1 2n
eyIgman A = 111 .....
 
111 =
9
( 2n elx )

- 106 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
4(10 n − 1)
B = 444
.....

=
444
( n elx )
9
10 2n − 1 4(10 n − 1)
eyIgán A+B+1=
9
+
9
+1
10 − 1 + 4.10 − 4 + 9
2n n
A+B+1=
9
10 2n + 4.10 n + 4
A+B+1=
9
2
⎛ 10 n + 2 ⎞
A + B + 1 = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠
dUcen¼ A+B+1 CakaerRákd .

lMhat´TI56
cMnYnmYymanelxbYnxÞg´EdlelxxÞg´vaerobtamlMdab´
a;a;b;b .
rkcMnYnena¼ebIeKdwgfavaCakaerRákd .
dMeNa¼Rsay
rkcMnYnEdlCakaerRákd ½
tag N CacMnYnEdlRtUvrk

- 107 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
eyIgán N = aabb = 1000a + 100a + 10b + b
N = 1100a + 11b
N = 11 (100a + b ) = 11 [99a + (a + b )] (1)
eday 0 < a ≤ 9 nig 0 ≤ b ≤ 9 ena¼ 0 < a + b ≤ 18
tamTMnak´TMng (1) edIm,I[ N GacCakaerRákdlu¼RtaEt
a + b CaBhuKuNén 11 ehIy 0 < a + b ≤ 18 ena¼eKRtUv[
a + b = 11 EtmYyKt´ .
TMnak´TMng (1) Gacsresr N = 11 (99a + 11) = 11 (9a + 1)
2

ehtuen¼ N Cakaer®ákdkalNa 9a + 1 CakaerRákd .

eday 1 ≤ a ≤ 9 naM[ 10 ≤ 9a + 1 ≤ 81 eKTaj ½
9a + 1 = 16 (Kμan¦skñúg IN )
9a + 1 = 25 (Kμan¦skñúg IN )
9a + 1 = 36 (Kμan¦skñúg IN )
9a + 1 = 49 (Kμan¦skñúg IN )
9a + 1 = 64 naM[ a = 7 ehIy b = 11 − 7 = 4
9a + 1 = 81 (Kμan¦skñúg IN ) .
dUcen¼cMnYnEdlRtUvkMnt´ena¼KW 7744 = 88 .
2

- 108 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI57
eKman 33 2
= 1089 , 333 2 = 110889 , 3333 2 = 11108889
33333 2 = 1111088889 .
BI«TahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnþTUeTA nigRsaybBa¢ak´rUbmnþen¼pg

dMeNa¼Rsay
eKman 33 = 1089 , 333
2 2
= 110889 , 3333 2 = 11108889
33333 2 = 1111088889 .
tamlMnaMen¼eyIgGacbeg;ItrUbmnþTUeTAdUcxageRkam ½
333.....3332 = 111
.....
 111

0888
.....
 888

9 .
  
( n −1 ) ( n −1 )
(n)

karRsaybBa¢ak´rUbmnþ ½
eyIgtag A = 111
 ..........
 111
0888
  .........
 
888
9
( n −1 ) ( n −1 )

- 109 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
n +1
= 111
 .........

 × 10 + 888
111 
.........
888
.10 + 9

( n −1 ) ( n −1 )

1 8
= (10 n −1 − 1) 10 n +1 + (10 n −1 − 1) 10 + 9
9 9
10 2n − 10 n +1 + 8.10 n − 80 + 81
=
9
2
10 2n − 2.10 n + 1 (10 n − 1) 2 ⎛ 10 n − 1 ⎞
= = = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
9 9 ⎝ 3 ⎠
= 333 ..........
 
.. 333 2

(n)

dUcen¼eKánrUbmnþ ½
333 ..... 333 2 = 111
 ..... 111

0888
 ..... 888

9 .
  
( n −1 ) ( n −1 )
(n )

- 110 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI58
eKman 99 2
= 9801 , 999 2 = 998001 , 9999 2 = 99980001
99999 2 = 9999800001 .
BI«TahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnþTUeTAnigRsaybBa¢ak´rUbmnþen¼pg

dMeNa¼Rsay
tambMrab´eKman ½
99 2 = 9801
999 2 = 998001
9999 2 = 99980001

99999 2 = 9999800001
tamlMnaMen¼eyIgGacbeg;ItrUbmnþTUeTAdUcxageRkam ½
999
 
= 999
.....999 2
.....
 999

8000
.....
 000

1 .
(n ) ( n −1 ) ( n −1 )

karRsaybBa¢ak´rUbmnþ ½
eyIgtag A = 999
 ..........
 999
8000
  .........
000
1

( n −1 ) ( n −1 )

- 111 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
= 999
 .........
 999
× 10 + 8.10 + 1

n +1 n

( n −1 )

= (10 n −1 − 1)10 n +1 + 8.10 n + 1

= 10 2n − 10 n +1 + 8.10 n + 1
= 10 2n − 2.10 n + 1
= (10 n − 1) 2 = 999
 ..........
  ..999


(n )

dUcen¼eKánrUbmnþ½
 
= 999
999 ..... 999 2
.....
 999

8000
.....
 000

1 .
(n ) ( n −1 ) ( n −1 )

lMhat´TI59
eKman 66 2
= 4356 , 666 2 = 443556 , 6666 2 = 44435556
66666 2 = 4444355556 .
BI«TahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnþTUeTAnigRsaybBa¢ak´rUbmnþen¼pg
dMeNa¼Rsay
tambMrab´eKman
66 2 = 4356 , 666 2 = 443556 , 6666 2 = 44435556
66666 2 = 4444355556 .

- 112 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
tamlMnaMen¼eyIgGacbeg;ItrUbmnþTUeTAdUcxageRkam ½
666
 
= 444
.....666 .....

2
444

3555
.....
 555

6 .
(n) ( n −1 ) ( n −1 )

karRsaybBa¢ak´rUbmnþ ½
eyIgtag ½
A = 444
 ..........
 444
3555
  .........
 
555
6
( n −1 ) ( n −1 )

= 444
 ........

444 × 10 n +1 + 3.10 n + 555
 555 × 10 + 6
.......

( n −1 ) ( n −1 )

4 5
= (10 n −1 − 1)10 n +1 + 3.10 n + (10 n −1 − 1)10 + 6
9 9
4.10 2n − 4.10 n +1 + 27.10 n + 5.10 n − 50 + 54
=
9
4.10 2n − 10 n (40 − 27 − 5) + 4
=
9
4.10 2n − 8.10 n + 4 4 4
= = (10 n − 1) 2 = (999  .........
  999

)2
9 9 9 (n)
2
⎡2 ⎤
= ⎢ (999
.........
  999

) ⎥ = 666
  ..........
 ..666


⎢⎣ 3 (n ) ⎥⎦ (n )

dUcen¼eKánrUbmnþ½

= 444
2
666
 .....666 .....
 444

3555
.....
 555

6
(n) ( n −1 ) ( n −1 )

- 113 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI60
eKman
6 2 − 5 2 = 11 , 56 2 − 45 2 = 1111 , 556 2 − 445 2 = 111111
5556 2 − 4445 2 = 11111111 .
BI«TahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnþTUeTA nigRsaybBa¢ak´rUbmnþen¼pg
dMeNa¼Rsay
rkrUbmnþTUeTA nigRsaybBa¢ak´ ½
eKman
6 2 − 5 2 = 11
56 2 − 45 2 = 1111
556 2 − 445 2 = 111111

5556 2 − 4445 2 = 11111111

tamlMnaMEdleK[eyIgGacsresrrUbmnþTUeTAdUcxageRkam ½
 
 
= 111
−
2 2
555 .... 556 444 ..... 445 .......

 111
(n ) (n ) ( 2n )

sRmayepÞógpÞat´rUbmnþen¼ ½
tag T = 555
n....
556
− 444
2
 .....445


(n ) (n)

- 114 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
= (555.....555 + 1) − (444......444 + 1) 2
2

2 2
⎛5 ⎞ ⎛4 ⎞
= ⎜ (10 n − 1) + 1 ⎟ − ⎜ (10 n − 1) + 1 ⎟
⎝9 ⎠ ⎝9 ⎠
⎡5 4 ⎤⎡ 5 4 ⎤
= ⎢ (10 n − 1) + 1 + (10 n − 1) + 1⎥ ⎢ (10 n − 1) + 1 − (10 n − 1) − 1 ⎥
⎣9 9 ⎦⎣ 9 9 ⎦
999
 .........
 999 

n
− 2n
−
= ( 10 + 1 ) (
10 1 10 1 ( 2n )
n
)= =
9 9 9
Tn = 111
 ..........
 111 

Bit .
( 2n )

dUcen¼ 555
....
5
− 444
56 2
.....
445
= 111
2
 .......

111 .
(n ) (n ) ( 2n )

lMhat´TI61
eK[ A = a a ..........a a nig B = a a .........a − 2 × a
n n −1 1 0 n n −1 1 0

Rsayfa A Eckdac´nwg 7 lu¼RtaEt B Eckdac´nwg 7 .

dMeNa¼Rsay
ebI B Eckdac´nwg 7 ena¼naM[man q ∈ IN Edl B = 7q
eKán a a ..........a − 2 × a = 7q
n n −1 1 0

naM[ a a ..........a = 7q + 2 × a (1)

n n −1 1 0

- 115 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
eyIgman
A = a n a n −1 .........a 1a 0 = a n a n −1 ...........a 1 × 10 + a 0 ( 2)
yk (1) CUskñúg (2) eKán
A = (7q + 2a 0 ) × 10 + a 0
A = 70q + 20a 0 + a 0 = 70q + 21a 0 = 7 (10q + 3a 0 )
naM[ A Eckdac´nwg 7 .
dUcen¼ A Eckdac´nwg 7 lu¼RtaEt B Eckdac´nwg 7 .

lMhat´TI62
eK[cMnYn A = a a ......a a a n n −1 2 1 0

Edl a , a , a , ....., a Caelx .

0 1 2 n

cUrRsayfacMnYn A Eckdac´nwg 6 kalNa

y = 4(a + a + ... + a ) + a Eckdac´nwg 6 .
1 2 n 0

dMeNa¼Rsay
eyIgman A = a a n n −1 ......a 2 a 1a 0

A = a 0 + 10a 1 + 10 2 a 2 + ..... + 10 n a n

- 116 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
eyIgman 10 ≡ 4 (mod 6)
10 2 ≡ 4 (mod 6)
10 3 ≡ 4 (mod 6)
−−−−−−−−−−
10 n ≡ 4 (mod 6)
eyIgán A ≡ a + 4(a + a + ..... + a
0 1 2 n ) (mod 6)
edIm,I[ A Eckdac´nwg 6 lu¼RtaEt
a 0 + 4(a 1 + a 2 + .... + a n ) ≡ 0 (mod 6)
dUcen¼cMnYn A Eckdac´nwg 6 kalNa
y = 4(a 1 + a 2 + ... + a ) + a Eckdac´nwg
n 0 6 .
lMhat´TI63
cUrkMnt´elx a nig b edIm,I[cMnYn abba CaKUbéncMnYnKt´ .

dMeNa¼Rsay
kMnt´elx a nig b
tag N = abba = 1000a + 100b + 10b + a
N = 1001a + 110b
N = 11 ( 91a + 10b )

- 117 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
edIm,I[ N CaKUbéncMnYnKt´lu¼RtaEt
91a + 10b = 112 k 3 = 121k 3 , k ∈ IN *
eday 0 < a ≤ 9 , 0 ≤ b ≤ 9 ena¼ 0 < 91a + 10b ≤ 909
eKán 0 < 121k ≤ 909 3

909 62
smmUl 0 < k ≤ 121
3
= 7+
121
naM [ k =1

eKTaján 91a + 10b = 121 naM[ b = 12110− 91a

eday b ≥ 0 ena¼ 12110− 91a ≥ 0
121 − 91
¦ a ≤ 121
91
= 1+
30
91
naM [ a = 1 ehIy b =
10
=3 .

dUcen¼ a = 1 , b = 3 nig abba = 1331 = 11 .

3

YYYYUZZZZ

- 118 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI64
eKtag r nig R erogKñaCakaMrgVg´carikkñúg nigcarikeRkA
énRtIekaN ABCmYy .
k¿cUrRsayfa cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + Rr
x¿cUrRsayfa R ≥ 2 r .
dMeNa¼Rsay
r
k¿Rsayfa cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 +
R
A B+C B−C
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 − 2 sin 2 + 2 cos cos
2 2 2
A A B−C
= 1 − 2 sin 2 + 2 sin cos
2 2 2
A A B−C
= 1 − 2 sin ( sin − cos )
2 2 2
A B+C B−C
= 1 − 2 sin ( cos − cos )
2 2 2
A B C
= 1 + 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
(p − b )(p − c )
edayeKman sin A2 = bc
B (p − a )(p − c ) C (p − a )(p − b )
sin = , sin =
2 ac 2 ab

- 119 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
eKán sin A2 sin B2 sin C2 = (p − a)(pabc
− b )(p − c)

eKTaj½
(p − a )(p − b )(p − c)
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4
abc
p(p − a)(p − b )(p − c)
= 1+
abc
p. ×R
4R
S2
=1+
p S.R
S p.r r
=1+ =1+ =1+
p. R p .R R
dUcen¼ cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + Rr .
x¿Rsayfa R ≥ 2 r
tamvismPaB AM − GM : α + β ≥ 2 α .β
eKán (p − a) + (p − b) ≥ 2 (p − a)(p − b)
2p − a − b ≥ 2 (p − a )(p − c)
c ≥ 2 (p − a )(p − b )
(p − a )(p − b ) 1
eKTaj c
≤
2
(1)
(p − b )(p − c) 1
dUcKñaEdr a
≤
2
( 2)

- 120 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
(p − a )(p − c) 1
nig b
≤ ( 3)
2
KuNTMnak´TMng (1) , ( 2) , ( 3) Gg:nwgGg:eKán ½
(p − a )(p − b )(p − c) 1
≤
abc 8
A B C 1
eKTaj 2 2 2 ≤ 8
sin sin sin

eday cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin A2 sin B2 sin C2

eKán cos A + cos B + cos C ≤ 1 + 4 ( 18 ) = 32
r
Et cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 +
R
r 3
eKTaj 1+ ≤ ¦ R≥2r .
R 2

- 121 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI65
k¿cUrRsayfa sin12x = cot x − cot 2x
x¿cUrKNna S = sin1 a + 1 a + 1 a
n + .... +
1
a
sin sin 2
sin
2 2 2n

dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿Rsayfa sin12x = cot x − cot 2x
tag f(x) = cot x − cot 2x
cos x cos 2 x
= −
sin x sin 2 x
cos x 2 cos 2 x − 1
= −
sin x 2 sin x cos x
2 cos 2 x − 2 cos 2 x + 1 1
= =
2 sin x cos x sin 2 x

dUcen¼ 1
sin 2 x
= cot x − cot 2 x .
1 1 1 1
x¿KNna Sn = + +
sin a sin a sin a
+ .... +
sin n
a
2
2 2 2
eyIgán Sn =
n
∑(
k =0
1
a
) eday 1
sin 2 x
= cot x − cot 2 x
sin
2k
n
⎛ a a ⎞
Sn = ∑ ⎜⎝ cot 2k +1 − cot 2k ⎟⎠
k=0

a
= cot − cot a
2 n+1

dUcen¼ S n = cot
a
2 n+1
− cot a .

- 122 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI66
x
cot
k¿cUrRsayfa 1+
1
= 2
cos x cot x

x¿KNnaplKuN
1 1 1 1
Pn = (1 + )(1 + )(1 + ).....(1 + )
cos a a a a
cos cos 2 cos n
2 2 2

dMeNa¼Rsay
x
cot
k¿Rsayfa 1+
1
=
cos x cot x
2

eyIgtag A( x) = 1 +
1
cos x
x x x x
2 cos 2 2 cos 2 sin cos sin x
cos x + 1 2 = 2 2 = 2
= =
cos x cos x x x
cos x sin cos x sin
2 2
x x
cos cot
= 2 . sin x = tan x tan x = 2
x cos x 2 cot x
sin
2
x
cot
dUcen¼ 1+
1
=
cos x cot x
2 .
x¿KNnaplKuN
1 1 1 1
Pn = (1 + )(1 + )(1 + ).....(1 + )
cos a a a a
cos cos 2 cos n
2 2 2
a
Pn = tan
2n + 1
. cot a .

- 123 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI67
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U ) kMnt´elI n IN eday ½
ni g
2
2 1− 1 − U n
U =
0 U = n+1 , ∀n ∈ IN
2 2

KNna U CaGnuKmn_én n .
n

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNna U CaGnuKmn_én n ½
n

eyIgman U = 22 = sin π4
0

π
2 1 − 1 − sin2
1 − 1 − U0 4 = sin π
U1 = =
2 2 8

«bmafavaBitdl´tYTI p KW π
Up = sin p+2
2

eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl´tYTI (p + 1) KW U = sin 2π Bit p +1 p +3

eyIgman U = 1 − 12− U Ettamkar«bma U = sin 2π

p +1
p
p p+2

π
1 − 1 − sin2
eyIgán Up+1 =
2
2 p+2

π π
1 − cos 2 sin 2
=
2
2 p+2 =
2
2 p+3 = sin π
2 p +3
Bit
dUcen¼ Un = sin
2
π
n+ 2 .

- 124 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI68
cUrKNna S = cos π9 − cos
3 3 4π
9
+ cos3
7π
9

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNna S = cos π9 − cos 49π + cos 79π
3 3 3

tamrUbmnþ cos 3a = 4 cos a − 3 cos a 3

¦ cos a = 34 cos a + 41 cos 3a

3

kenßamEdl[GacsresrCa ½
3 π 4π 7π 1 π 4π 7π
S= (cos − cos + cos ) + (cos − cos + cos )
4 9 9 9 4 3 3 3

tag M = cos π9 − cos 49π + cos 79π

eday − cos 49π = cos 139π
π 7π 13π π
M = cos + cos
9 9
+ cos
9
KuNnwg 2 sin
3
eKán
π π π 7π π 13π π
2 M sin = 2 cos sin + 2 cos sin + 2 cos sin
3 9 3 9 3 9 3
3 4π 2π 10π 4π 16π 10π
2 .M = sin − sin(− ) + sin − sin + sin − sin
2 9 9 9 9 9 9
3 2π 16π 7π
2 M = sin + sin = 2 sin π cos(− )=0
2 9 9 9

eKTaján M=0

- 125 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
tag N = cos π3 − cos 43π + cos 73π = 21 + 21 + 21 = 23
eKán S = 34 M + 41 N = 38 .
dUcen¼ S = cos π9 − cos 49π + cos 79π = 83 .
3 3 3

lMhat´TI69
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanmMukñúgCamMuRsYc .
k¿cUrRsayfa tan A + tanB + tan C = tan A. tanB. tan C
x¿TajbBa¢ak´fa tan A + tan B + tan C ≥ 3 3 .

dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿Rsayfa tan A + tanB + tan C = tan A. tanB. tan C
eyIgman A + B + C = π ¦ A + B = π − C
eKán tan(A + B) = tan(π − C)
tan A + tan B
= − tan C
1 − tan A tan B
tan A + tan B = − tan C + tan A tan B tan C
dUcen¼ tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A. tan B. tan C .

- 126 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
x¿TajbBa¢ak´fa tan A + tan B + tan C ≥ 3 3
eday A , B , C CamMuRsYc ( tamsmμtikmμ )
eKTaj tan A > 0 , tanB > 0 , tan C > 0
tamvismPaBkUsIueyIgGacsresr ½
tan A + tan B + tan C ≥ 3 3
tan A. tan B. tan C
eday tan A + tanB + tan C = tan A. tanB. tan C
eKán tan A + tanB + tan B ≥ 3 tan A + tanB + tan C
3

(tan A + tan B + tan C)3 ≥ 27 (tan A + tan B + tan C)

(tan A + tan B + tan C)2 ≥ 27
dUcen¼ tan A + tan B + tan C ≥ 3 3 .

"""""

- 127 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI70
KNnaplbUk ½
S n = 9 + 99 + 999 + .... + 999....999
( manelx 9 cMnYn n elx ) .

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNnaplbUk ½
S n = 9 + 99 + 999 + .... + 999
......
 99

9
(n elx9 )
= (10 − 1) + (10 2 − 1) + (10 3 − 1) + .... + (10n − 1)
= (10 + 10 2 + 10 3 + ... + 10n ) − (1 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1)
10n − 1
= 10. −n
9
10n + 1 − (9n + 10)
=
9
10n + 2 − (9n + 10)
dUcen¼Sn =
9
.

- 128 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

lMhat´TI71
cUrkMnt´RKb´KUtémøKt´viC¢man ( a , b ) ebIeKdwgfacMnYn ½
2
a
2ab − b + 1
2
CacMnYnKt´viC¢manEdr .
3

dMeNa¼Rsay
kMnt´RKb´KUtémøKt´viC¢man ( a , b ) ½
2
yk 2ab a− b + 1 = k Edl k ∈ IN *
2 3

eKán a − 2kb a + k (b − 1) = 0 (1)

2 2 3

DIsRKImINg´énsmIkar Δ = 4k b − 4k (b − 1) 2 4 3

Δ = ( 2kb 2 − b ) 2 + 4k − b 2
smIkar (1) mancemøIykñúg IN * lu¼RtaEt Δ CakaerRákd
mann&yfa Δ = (2kb − b) + 4k − b = d 2 2 2 2

Edl d CacMnYnKt´.
2
-ebI 4k − b = 0 ¦ k = b4
2

b b3 − b b
eyIgTTYlán a = 2b k − =
2

2 2
¦ a=
2

- 129 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
eday a, b CacMnYnKt´viC¢man ehtuen¼eKRtUv[ ½
b = 2p , ∀p ∈ IN
( 2p ) 2
eKTaj a = 2( 2p )
4
2
− p = 8p 4 − p
2p
ehIy a=
2
=p .
dUcen¼ (a , b ) = ( 8p 4 − p , 2p ) ; ( p , 2p ) , ∀p ∈ IN *
-ebI 4k − b > 02

eKán (2b k − b) + 4k − b = d ≥ (2b k − b + 1) , ∀k ∈ IN *

2 2 2 2 2 2

¦ 4k (b − 1) + (b − 1) ≤ 0 eKTaján b = 1
2 2

kñúgkrNIsmIkar (1) køayCa a − 2k a = 0 naM[ a = 2k

2

dUcen¼ ( a , b ) = ( 2k , 1 ) cMeBa¼RKb´ k ∈ IN * .
-ebI 4k − b < 0
2

eKán (2b k − b) + 4k − b = d < (2b k − b − 1)

2 2 2 2 2 2

smmUl (2b k − b) + 4k − b − (2b k − b − 1) < 0

2 2 2 2 2

¦ b (4k − 3) + 2b(b − 1) + (4k − 1) < 0 ( minBitkñúg IN * )

2

srubmkeKánKUcemøIybImanragdUcxageRkam ½
( a , b ) = ( 2k , 1 ) ; ( k , 2k ) ; ( 8k 4 − k , 2k ) k ∈ IN *

- 130 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

lMhat´T72
I
cUrbgHajfa ½
a b c
+ + ≥ 1
a + 8bc
2
b + 8ca
2
c + 8ab
2

cMeBa¼RKb´cMnYnBitviC¢man a,b ,c .

dMeNa¼Rsay
a b c
bgHajfa + + ≥ 1
a + 8bc
2
b + 8ca
2
c + 8ab
2

a a 3
CadMbUgeyIgRtUvRsayfa ≥ 4 4 4
a 2 + 8bc
a +b +c
3 3 3
4 4 4 4

vismPaBen¼smmUl (a + b + c ) ≥ a (a + 8bc) 3 3 3 2 3 2

8 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

smmUl b + c + 2a b + 2a c + 2b c ≥ 8a bc
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

8 8 4 4

tamvismPaB AM − GM eKman b + c ≥ 2b c 3 3 3 3

8 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

eKTaj b + c + 2a b + 2a c + 2b c ≥ 8a bc Bit
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

a a 3
ehtuen¼ ≥ 4 4 4
(1)
a + 8bc
2
a +b +c
3 3 3

- 131 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
4

b b
dUcKñaEdreKTaj
3
≥ 4 4 4
(2 )
b + 8ac
2
a +b +c
3 3 3
4

c c
ehIy
3
≥ 4 4 4
(3 )
c + 8ab
2
a +b +c
3 3 3

edaybUkvismPaB (1) , ( 2) , ( 3) Gg:nigGg:eKán

a b c
+ + ≥ 1 .
a + 8bc
2
b + 8ca
2
c 2 + 8ab

lMhat´TI73
1
eK[ (a ) CasIVúténcMnYnBitEdl
n a1 =
2
2
a
nigcMeBa¼RKb´cMnYnKt´viC¢man n eyIgman a n +1 = 2 n
an − an + 1
cUrRsaybBa¢ak´facMeBa¼RKb´cMnYnKt´viC¢man neyIgman ½
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + ......... + a n < 1 .
dMeNa¼Rsay
RsaybBa¢ak´fa a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + ......... + a n < 1
2
a
eyIgman a n +1 = 2 n
an − an + 1

- 132 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
1
tag bn =
an
ena¼TMnak´TMngEdl[køayeTACa ½
2
b n+1 = b n − b n + 1
eKTaj 2
b n +1 − 1 = b n − b n
b n +1 − 1 = b n (b n − 1)
1 1 1 1
= = −
b n +1 − 1 b n (b n − 1) b n − 1 b n
1 1 1
eKTaj an = = −
b n b n − 1 b n +1 − 1
1 1 1
a 1 + a 2 + .... + a n = + + ...... +
b1 b 2 bn
1 1 1 1 1 1
=( − )+( − ) + ... + ( − )
b1 − 1 b2 − 1 b2 − 1 b3 − 1 bn − 1 bn+1 − 1
1 1 1
= − = 1− <1
b1 − 1 bn+1 − 1 bn+1 − 1
1
BIeRBa¼ b1 =
a1
=2 .
dUcen¼ a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + ......... + a n < 1 .

- 133 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI74
cUrkMnt´RKb´KUtémøKt´ m , n ≥ 3 ebIeKdwgfacMeBa¼RKb´
cMnYnKt´viC¢man a eKman aa ++aa −−11 CacMnYnKt´ .
m

n 2

dMeNa¼Rsay
kMnt´RKb´KUtémøKt´viC¢man ( m , n ) ½
edIm,I[ aa ++aa −−11 CacMnYnKt´lu¼RtaEt a
m

n 2
n
+ a2 − 1

CaktþarYmén a + a − 1 ehIy m > n .

m

eyIgyk m = n + k , k ∈ IN *
eyIgán ½
am + a − 1 = an + k + a − 1
= ak (an + a 2 − 1) + (1 − a )(ak + 1 + ak − 1)
tamTMnak´TMngen¼edIm,I[ a + a − 1 CaktþarYmén
n 2
am + a − 1
lu¼RtaEt n = k + 1 nig k = 2 .
dUcen¼ (m , n ) = ( 5 , 3 ) .

- 134 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI75
eK[bIcMnYnKt´viC¢man a , b , c Edl a + b + c = 10 .
cUrrktémøFMbMputén P = a × b × c .

dMeNa¼Rsay
rktémøFMbMputén P = a × b × c
eyIgman a + b + c = 10 naM[ c = 10 − a − b
eyIgán P = ab(10 − a − b) = −b a + b (10 − b) a
2

tag P(a) = −ba + (10b − b ) a

2 2

eKán P' (a) = −2ab + 10b − b 2

ebI P'(a) = 0 eKTaján a = 5 − b2

eday P'' (a) = −2b < 0 , ∀b ∈ IN *
ehtuen¼ P(a) mantémøGtibrmacMeBa¼témø a = 5 − b2 .
eday a ∈ IN * ena¼ b RtUvEtCacMnYnKU
ebI b = 2k ena¼ a = 5 − k
ehIy c = 10 − (5 − k ) − 2k = 5 − k

- 135 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
⎧ a = 5−k ≥1
⎪
eday a , b , c ∈ IN * ena¼ ⎨ b = 2k ≥ 1 ¦ 1≤ k ≤ 4
⎪ c = 5−k ≥1
⎩
-cMeBa¼ k = 1
eKán a = 4 , b = 2 , c = 4 naM[ P = 4 × 2 × 4 = 32
-cMeBa¼ k = 2
eKán a = 3 , b = 4 , c = 3 naM[ P = 3 × 4 × 3 = 36
-cMeBa¼ k = 3
eKán a = 2 , b = 6 , c = 2 naM[ P = 2 × 6 × 2 = 24
-cMeBa¼ k = 4
eKán a = 1 , b = 8 , c = 1 naM[ P = 1 × 8 × 1 = 32
dUcen¼témøGtibrmaén P = a.b.c esμInwg 36 .

"""""

- 136 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

lMhat´TI76
4 4
eKmansmPaB sina x + cosb x = a +1 b
Edl a ≠ 0 , b ≠ 0 , a + b ≠ 0
8 8
cUrbgHajfa sina x + cosb x = (a +1b) .
3 3 3

dMeNa¼Rsay
8
cos 8 x
bgHajfa sina 3
+
x
b3
=
1
(a + b ) 3
sin 4 x cos 4 x 1
eKman a
+
b
=
a+b
naM[ b(a + b ) sin 4 x + a(a + b ) cos 4 x = ab
ab sin 4 x + b 2 sin 4 x + a 2 cos 4 x + ab cos 4 x = ab(sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) 4
a 2 cos 4 x − 2ab cos 2 x sin 2 x + b 2 sin 4 x = 0
(a cos 2 x − b sin 2 x ) 2 = 0
sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x + cos 2 x 1
eKTaj a
=
b
=
a+b
=
a+b
sin 8 x cos 8 x 1
naM[ a4
=
b4
=
(a + b ) 4

- 137 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
sin 8 x a cos 8 x b
eKTaj a3
=
(a + b ) 4
(1) nig b3
=
(a + b ) 4
( 2)

bUksmIkar (1) nig ( 2) Gg:nigGg: eKán ½

sin 8 x cos 8 x a+b 1
+ = =
a3 b3 ( a + b ) 4 (a + b ) 3
sin 8 x cos 8 x 1
dUcen¼ a3
+
b3
=
(a + b ) 3
.

lMhat´TI77
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYYy .
bgHajfaebI tan A3 , tan B3 , tan C3
Ca¦ssmIkar (E) : x + ax + bx + c = 0
3 2

ena¼eKán 3 + a = 3b + c .
dMeNa¼Rsay
karbgHaj ½
eyIgman A + B + C = π
( plbUkmMukñúgRtIekaN ABC )
eyIgán tan( A3 + B3 + C3 ) = tan[( A3 + B3 ) + C3 ]

- 138 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
A B C
tan( + ) + tan
A+B+C 3 3 3
tan( )=
3 A B C
1 − tan( + ) tan
3 3 3
A B
tan + tan
3 3 + tan C
A B 3
1 − tan tan
π 3 3
tan =
3 A B
tan + tan
1− 3 3 . tan C
A B 3
1 − tan tan
3 3
A B C A B C
tan + tan + tan − tan tan tan
3= 3 3 3 3 3 3 (1)
A B A C B C
1 − (tan tan + tan tan + tan tan )
3 3 3 3 3 3
eday tan A3 , tan B3 , tan C3 Ca¦srbs´smIkar ( E)

ena¼tamRTwsþIbTEvüteKmanTMnak´TMng ½
A B C
tan + tan + tan = −a ( 2)
3 3 3
A B B C A C
tan tan + tan tan + tan tan = b ( 3)
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C
tan . tan . tan = −c ( 4)
2 2 2
ykTMnak´TMng ( 2) , ( 3) nig
( 4) CYskñúgsmIkar eKán ½
(1)

- 139 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
−a+c
3 =
1− b
¦ 3 − 3 b = −a + c

dUcen¼ 3 + a = 3b + c .
lMhat´TI78
k¿ cUrKNnatémø®ákdén sin 10π nig cos 10π
π
x¿ cUrRsayfa x + (x − y ) ≤ 4(x + y ) sin
2 2 2 2 2

10
RKb´cMnYn x, y ∈ IR .

dMeNa¼Rsay
k¿ KNnatémø®ákdén sin 10π nig cos 10π
eKman 210π = π2 − 310π
eKán sin 210π = sin( π2 − 310π ) = cos 310π
tamrUbmnþRtIekaNmaRt ½
sin 2a = 2 sin a cos a nig cos 3a = 4 cos a − 3 cos a
3

- 140 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
π π 3π
2 sin cos = cos
10 10 10
π π π π
2 sin cos = 3 cos − 4 cos 3
10 10 10 10
π π
2 sin = 3 − 4 cos 2
10 10
π π
2 sin = 3 − 4(1 − sin 2 )
10 10
π π π
¦ 4 sin 2 − 2 sin − 1 = 0
10 10
tag
t = sin
10
>0

eKán 4t 2 − 2t − 1 = 0 , Δ ' = 1 + 4 = 5 > 0

1− 5 1+ 5
eKTaj¦s t1 =
4
<0 ( minyk ) , t2 =
4
π 1+ 5
dUcen¼ sin =
10 4
.
π π
eday sin 2 + cos 2 = 1
10 10
π 1+ 5 2 10 − 2 5
naM[ cos = 1 − (
10 4
) =
4
π 10 − 2 5
dUcen¼ cos =
10 4
.
π
x¿ Rsayfa x 2 + ( x − y ) 2 ≤ 4( x 2 + y 2 ) sin 2
10
π
tagGnuKmn_ f ( x ; y ) = x 2 + ( x − y ) 2 − 4( x 2 + y 2 ) sin 2
10

- 141 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
eKán ½
1+ 5 2
f ( x ; y ) = x 2 + x 2 − 2xy + y 2 − 4( x 2 + y 2 )( )
4
6+ 2 5
= 2x 2 − 2xy + y 2 − 4( x 2 + y 2 )
16
3+ 5
= 2x 2 − 2xy + y 2 − ( x 2 + y 2 )
2
1− 5 2 1+ 5 2
= x − 2xy − y
2 2
⎛ 5 −1 2 5 +1 2 ⎞
= − ⎜⎜ x + 2xy + y ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
2
⎛ 5 −1 5 + 1 ⎞⎟
= −⎜ x+ y ≤ 0 , ∀x, y ∈ IR
⎜ 2 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
π
dUcen¼ x 2 + ( x − y ) 2 ≤ 4( x 2 + y 2 ) sin 2
10
.

- 142 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI79
eK[sIVúténcMnYnBit (U ) kMnt´eday U = 2 . sin n4π
n n
n

Edl n ∈ IN * .
k-cUrbgðajfa 2 . cos (n +41)π = cos n4π − sin n4π
x-Taj[ánfa U = ( 2 ) cos n4π − ( 2 ) cos (n +41)π
n
n n +1

K-KNnaplbUk ½
S = U + U + U + ......... + U CaGnuKmn_én n .
n 1 2 3 n

dMeNa¼Rsay
k-cUrbgHajfa 2 . cos (n +41)π = cos n4π − sin n4π
tamrUbmnþ cos(a + b) = cos a cos b − sin a sin b
eyIgán ½
(n + 1)π nπ π
2 cos = 2 cos( + )
4 4 4
nπ π nπ π
= 2 (cos cos − i sin sin )
4 4 4 4
(n + 1)π 2 nπ 2 nπ nπ nπ
2 cos = 2 ( cos − sin ) = cos − sin
4 2 4 2 4 4 4

- 143 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
(n + 1)π nπ nπ
dUcen¼ 2 . cos
4
= cos
4
− sin
4
.
nπ (n + 1)π
x-Taj[ánfa U n = ( 2 ) n cos
4
− ( 2 ) n +1 cos
4
(n + 1)π nπ nπ
eyIgman 2 . cos
4
= cos
4
− sin
4
nπ nπ (n + 1)π
naM[ sin
4
= cos
4
− 2 cos
4
KuNGg:TaMgBIrnwg ( 2 )n

eKán ( 2 ) sin n4π = (

n nπ
2 ) n cos
4
− ( 2 ) n +1 cos
(n + 1)π
4
nπ (n + 1)π
dUcen¼ U n = ( 2 ) n cos
4
− ( 2 ) n +1 cos
4
.
K-KNnaplbUk S n = U 1 + U 2 + U 3 + ......... + U n
eyIgán
n
⎡ kπ (k + 1)π ⎤
S n = ∑ ⎢( 2 )k cos − ( 2 )k + 1 cos
k =1⎣ 4 4 ⎥⎦
π (n + 1)π
= 2 cos − ( 2 )n + 1 cos
4 4
(n + 1)π
dUcen¼ S n = 1 − ( 2 ) n +1 cos
4
.

- 144 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI80
eK[ n cMnYnBit a ; a ; a ; .......; a ≥ 0 .
1 2 3 n

eKtag S = a + a + an + ..... + a , ∀n ∈ IN *
n
1 2 3 n

cUrRsayfaebI S ≥ a .a .a .......a a
n +1
n +1
1 2 3 n n +1

ena¼eKán S ≥ a a a .....a .
n
n
1 2 3 n

dMeNa¼Rsay
RsayfaebI S ≥ a .a .a .......a a
n +1
n +1
1 2 3 n n +1

ena¼eKán S ≥ a a a .....a
n
n
1 2 3 n

eyIgman S ≥ a .a .a .......a a
n +1
n +1
1 2 3 n n +1

eday S = a + a + an + ..... + a
n
1 2 3 n

ena¼ S = a + a + a n++....1 + a + a
n +1
1 2 3 n n +1

eKán ½
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + ..... + a n + a n +1 n +1
≥ a 1a 2 a 3 .........a n a n +1 (1)
n+1
a + a 2 + a 3 + ..... + a n
yk a n +1 = 1
n
(1) CYskñúg eKán ½

- 145 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
a 1 + a 2 + ..... + a n
a 1 + a 2 + .... + a n +
n a + a 2 + .... + a n
≥ n +1 a 1 .a 2 ...a n . 1
n+1 n
a 1 + a 2 + ....... + a n a + a 2 + .... + a n
≥ n +1 a 1 .a 2 ....a n . 1
n n
n +1
⎛ a 1 + a 2 + ......... + a n ⎞ a 1 + a 2 + ...... + a n
⎜ ⎟ ≥ a 1 .a 2 .....a n
⎝ n ⎠ n
n
⎛ a 1 + a 2 + ....... + a n ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ≥ a 1 .a 2 ......a n
⎝ n ⎠
a 1 + a 2 + ....... + a n
≥ n a 1 .a 2 .........a n
n
eKTaj S ≥ a a a .....a
n
n
1 2 3 n

dUcen¼ ebI S ≥ a .a .a .......a a

n +1
n +1
1 2 3 n n +1

ena¼eKán S ≥ a a a .....a .
n
n
1 2 3 n

lMhat´TI81
1 1 3 5 99 1
cUrbgHajfa < . . ......
15 2 4 6
<
100 10

dMeNa¼Rsay
bgHajfa 151 < 12 . 43 . 56 ...... 100
99
<
1
10
eyIgman ∀n ∈ IN * : 2n + 1 = n + (n + 1) > 2 n(n + 1)

eKTaj 22nn ++ 12 > n n+ 1

- 146 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

3 5 99 1 2 49 1
eKán . ......
4 6 100
> . ...... =
2 3 50 5 2
1 1 3 5 99 1
KuNnwg 2
eKán . . ........
2 4 6
>
100 10 2
1 1
eday 10 2 15
>
1 3 5 99 1
eKTaj . . ....
2 4 6 100 15
> (1)

müa¨geTot
∀n ∈ IN * : 4n = ( 2n − 1) + ( 2n + 1) > 2 ( 2n − 1)( 2n + 1)
2n 2n + 1 2n − 1 2n − 1
eKTaj 2n − 1
>
2n − 1 2n
rW <
2n + 1
1 3 5 99 1 3 5 99 1
eKán . . .....
2 4 6 100
< . . ....
3 5 7 101
=
101
1 1 1
eday 101
<
100 10
=
1 3 5 99 1
eKTaj . . ....
2 4 6 100 10
< ( 2)

tamTMnak´TMng (1) nwg

eKán ½
( 2)
1 1 3 5 99 1
< . . ......
15 2 4 6
<
100 10
.

- 147 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI82
eK[ 2n cMnYnBit a 1 ; a 2 ; .....; a n ; b 1 ; b 2 ; ....; b n .
cUrRsayfa ½
2 2 2 2 2 2
(a1b1 + a2b2 + ....+ anbn )2 ≤ (a1 + a2 + ....+ an )(b1 + b2 + .....+ bn )

dMeNa¼Rsay
Rsayfa ½
2 2 2 2 2 2
(a1b1 + a2b2 + ....+ anbn )2 ≤ (a1 + a2 + ....+ an )(b1 + b2 + .....+ bn )
eyIgeRCIserIsGnuKmn_mYykMnt´ ∀x ∈ IR eday ½
f(x) = (a1x + b1)2 + (a2x + b2 )2 + .....+ (anx + bn )2
2 2 2 2 2 2
f(x) = (a1 + a2 ...+ an )x2 + 2(a1b1 + a2b2 + ..+ anbn )x + (b1 + b2 + ...+ bn )
⎧a f > 0
eday RtIFa
∀x ∈ IR Canic©ena¼
f ( x) ≥ 0 ⎨
⎩ Δ' ≤ 0
eday a = a + a + ..... + a > 0
f 1
2
2
2
n
2

ehtuen¼eKánCanic© Δ'≤ 0 .
Δ'= (a1b1 +a2b2 +........+anbn ) 2−(a1 +a2 +....+an )(b1 +b2 +....+bn ) ≤ 0
2 2 2 2 2 2

dUcen¼ (a b +a b +....+a b ) ≤ (a
1 1 2 2 n n
2
1
2 2 2
+a2 +....+an )(b1 +b2 +.....+bn )
2 2 2

- 148 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
lMhat´TI83
eK[ (x ) nig (y ) CasIVútcMnYnBitkMnt´elI IN
n n

eday x = 5 , y = 1 nigTMnak´TMngkMenIn ½
0 0

x = x + 3x y
n +1 n
3
nig y = 3x y + y RKb´
n n
2
n+1 n
2
n n
3
n ∈ IN
cUrKNna x nig y CaGnuKmn_én n .
n n

dMeNa¼Rsay
KNna x nig y CaGnuKmn_én n
n n

eKman x = x + 3x y (1)
n+1 n
3
n n
2

nig y = 3x y + y (2)
n+1 n
2
n n
3

bUksmIkar (1) nig (2) eKán ½

xn + 1 + y n + 1 = ( xn + y n )3
ln( xn + 1 + y n + 1 ) = 3. ln( xn + y n )
TMnak´TMngen¼bBa¢ak´fa { ln(x n + yn ) } CasIVútFrNImaRtman
ersug q = 3 nigtYdMbUg ln(x 0 + y ) = ln 6 .
0

eKán ln( x + y ) = 3 ln 6
n n
n

- 149 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak
eKTaj x + y = 6
n n
3n
( 3)
dkksmIkar (1) nig ( 2) eKán ½
xn + 1 − y n + 1 = ( xn − y n )3
ln( xn + 1 − y n + 1 ) = 3. ln( xn − y n )
TMnak´TMngen¼bBa¢ak´fa { ln(x − y ) } CasIVútFrNImaRtman
n n

ersug q = 3 nigtYdMbUg ln(x − y ) = ln 4 . 0 0

eKán ln( x − y ) = 3 ln 4
n n
n

eKTaj x − y = 4 (4)
n n
3n

bUksmIkar (3) nig (4) eKán 2x = 6 + 4 n

3n 3n

n n
63 + 43
eKTaj xn =
2
.
dksmIkar ( 3) nig
( 4) eKán 2y n = 6 3 − 4 3
n n

n n
63 − 43
eKTaj yn =
2
.
n n n n
63 + 43 63 − 43
dUcen¼ xn =
2
nig yn =
2
.

( sUmrg´caMGanPaKTI2 sUmGrKuN )

- 150 - PaK1
 KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

Éksareyag
( Referent )

1. 103 Trigonometry Problems

(From the training of the USA IMO Team)
2. Five Hundred Mathematical Challenges
(By Edward J. Bar beau, Murray S. Klamkin)
3. Complex Numbers From A to … Z
(By Titu Andresscu , Dorin Andrica )
4. Mathematical Olympiad in China
5. Mathematical Olympiad Challenges
(By Titu Andresscu & Razvan Gelca)
6. Mathematical Olympiad Treasures
(By Titu Andreescu , Bogdan enescu )
7. International Mathematical Olympiads 1959-1977
( Samuel L. Greitzer )
8. The IMO Compendium ( 1959-2004 )
9. 360 Problems for Mathematical Contest
(By Titu Andreescu , Dorin Andrica )

- 151 - PaK1
KNitviTüaCMuvijBiPBelak

- 152 - PaK1