McQuiston HVAC Analysis Design 6th Solutions Parte1

SOLUTION MANUAL
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Chapter 1
1-1 (a) 98 Btu/(hr-ft-F) x1.7307 = 170 W/(m-K)
(b) 0.24 Btu/(Ibm-F) x4186.8=1.0 kJ/kg-K
0.04 Ibm/(ft-hr) Ns
(c) x1.488 = 16.5
3600 sec/hr m2
Btu 1 J 2.20462 Ibm MJ

(d) 1050 x x = 2.44
Ibm 9.48x104 Btu kg kg
Btu 1
(e) 12,000 x = 3.52 kW
Ibm 3.412
Ibf
(f) 14.7 x 6894.76 = 101 kPa
in2
lbf / in2
1-2 (a) 120 kPa x = 17.4 lbf/in2
6.89476kPa
W
(b) 100 x 0.5778 = 57.8 Btu/hr-ft-F
m K
W
(c) 0.8 2
x 0.1761 = 0.14 Btu/hr-ft2-F
m K
1 lbm
(d) 10-6 N-s/m2 x = 6.7 x 10-7
1.488 ft sec
(e) 1200 kW x 3412 = 4.1 x 10-6 Btu/hr

2
kJ 1 Btu 1 kg Btu
(f) 1000 x x = 430
kg 1.055 kJ 2.2046 lbm lbm
m
1-3 Hp = 50 (ft) x 0.3048 ( ) = 15.2 m
ft
15.2 m 9.807 N
P = x ( ) x 1000 (kg/m3) = 149 kPa
1000 Pa/kPa 1 kg
4 m 9.807 N kg
1-4 P = (ft) x 0.3048 ( ) x ( ) x 1000 ( 3 )
12 ft 1 kg m
P = 996 Pa 1.0 kPa
1-5
TOTAL BILL = ENERGY CHARGE + DEMAND CHARGE
+ METER CHARGE
( 96,000 ) kw - hrs ( 0.045 ) $ / kw hr + ( 624 ) kw (11 50 ) $ / kw
+ $68 = $4,320 + $7,176 + $68 = $11,564
1-6 7 AM to 6 PM 11 hrs/day, 5 days/wk
hrs days
(11) (22) = 242 hrs / month
day months
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
3
ratio =
( 624 ) kw = 1.57
( 96,000 ) kw hr

( 242 ) hr
1-7 This is a trial and error solution since eq. 1-1 cannot be solved
explicitly for i.
Answer converges at just over 4.2% using eq. 1-1
1-8 Determine present worth of savings using eq. 1-1
(12 )(12 )
0.012
( $1000 ) 1- 1+
12
P=
0.012

12
P = $134,000
1-9 = VA = 2 x 3.08 x 10-3 = 6.16 x 10-3m3/s

(a) Q
= 6.16 x 10-3 x 998 = 6.15 kg/s

= Q
m

(b) A= (0.3)2 = 7.07 x 10-2 m2
4
= 7.07x10-2 x 4 = 0.283 m3 / s; = 1.255 kq/m3

Q
= 1.225 x 0.283 = 0.347 kg/s

m
1-10 V = 3x10x20 = 600m3
4
= 600 x 1 x 1 = 4.17 x 10-2 m3/s

Qi
4 3600
1-11
q = mc
p T c p = 4.183 kJ/(kg-K)
= 983.2 kg/m3
1-11 (contd)
3
q = (1) m ( 983.2 ) kg ( 4.183 ) kJ ( 5 )c = 20,564 kJ
s m3 kg K s
q = 20,564 kw
1-12 q wat = q air
11,200(1)(10) =
5000x60x14.7x144x0.24(t 2 50)
=
(53.35x510)
11,200 = 5601.5 (t2-50); t2 = (11,200/5601.5) + 50 = 70 F
1-13 Diagram as in 1-12 above.
q wat = - q air
1.5 (4186)(90-t2) = 2.4 (1.225)(1.0)(30-20)(1000)
6279(90-t2) = 29,400
5
29,400
t2 = 90 - = 85.3 C
6279
1-14 q = hA(ts- t )
A= (1/12) x 10 = 2.618 ft2

t s = t 212 F
sur
q = 10x2.618x(212-50) = 4241 Btu/hr
1-15 A= x 0.25x4 = 3.14 16 m2
q = hA(ts- t )
q 1250
h= = ; h = 4.42 W/(m2 C)
A(t s -t ) 3.1416(100 10)
1-16 q = mc
p (t2-t1) ; m x
=Q
= P/RT = 14.7x144/53.35(76+460)
= 0.074 lbm/ft3
= 5000x0.074x60 = 22,208 lbm/hr

m
c p = 0.24 Btu/lbm-F
q = 22,208x0.24(58-76) = -95,939 Btu/hr
Negative sign indicates cooling
1cp (t3-t1) +
1-17 m
6
2cp2 (t3-t2) = 0
m
c p1 = c p2
1t1 +
(m 2t 2 )
m
t3 =
(m1+ 2)
m
= 1000x
1 = Q 14.7x144
m 2 1 = 73.5 lbm/min
53.35(460 + 50)
1-17 (contd)
= 600x
2 =Q 14.7x144
m 2 2 = 46.7 lbm/min
53.35(460 + 50)
(73.5x80) + (46.7 x 50)

t3 = = 68.3 F
(73.5 + 46.7)
7
Chapter 2
2-1 through 2-20
Solutions are not furnished since many acceptable responses exist

for each problem. It is not expected that the beginning student can handle
these questions easily. The objective is to make the student think about
the complete design problem and the various functions of the system.
These problems are also intended for use in class discussions to enlarge
the text material.
Chapter 3
3-1 (a) Pv = r Ps = 0.45(3.17)kPa = 1.43 kPa or 0.45(0.435) = 0.196 psia
Pa = 101 1.43 = 99.57 kPa or 14.696-0.196 = 14.5 psia
Pv P 1430
(b) = RvT or v = v ; v = = 0.0104 kg/m3
v Rv T 462.5(297)
0.196(144)
or = 0.00062 lbv/ft3
85.78(535)
0.6219 (1.43)
(c) W = = 0.00893 kgv/kga
(99.57)
0.6219(0.196)
or = 0.00854 lbv/lba
14.5
3-2 (a) English Units t = 80F; P = 14.696 psia;
Pv = 0.507 psia Table A-1a
Pv 0.6219 (0.507)
W = 0.6219 = = 0.0222 lbv/lba
Pa (14.696 0.507)
i = 0.24t + W(1062.2 + 0.444t)
i = 0.24 (80) + 0.0222[1061.2 + 0.444(80)] = 43.55 Btu/lbm

8
Ra T 53.35(460 + 80)
v= = = 13.61 ft3/lbm
Pa (14.696 0.507)144
(b) English Units 32F, 14.696 psia
Pv = 0.089 psia (Table A-1)
3-2 (contd)
0.6219(0.089) lbmv
W= = 0.00379
(14.696 0.089) lbma
i = 0.24(32) + 0.00379 [1061.2 + 0.444(32)] = 11.76 Btu/lbma
53.35(492)
v= = 12.48 ft3/lbma
(14.696 0.089)144
3-2 (a) SI Units 27C; 101.325 kPa
Pv = 3.60 kPa, Table A-1b
Pv 0.6219(3.6) kgv
W = 0.6219 = = 0.0229
Pa (101.325 3.6) kga
i = 1.0t + W(2501.3 + 1.86t) kJ/kga
i = 27 + 0.0229(2501.3 + 1.86 x 27) = 85.43 kJ / kga
Ra T 0.287(300)
v= = =0.88 m3 /kga
Pa (101.325 - 3.6)
(b) SI Units 0.0C; 101.325 kPa
0.6219(0.61)
W= =0.00377 kgv/kga
(101.325 - 0.61)
9
i = 0.0 + 0.00377 (2501.3 1.86 x 0.0) = 9.42 kJ/kga
0.287(273)
v= = 0.778 m3 /kga
(101.325 - 0.61)
3-3 (a) English Units 5000 ft elevation, P = 12.24 psia = 24.92 in.Hg
t = 80 F; Pv = 0.507 psia (Table A-1a)
Pv 0.6219(0.507)
W = 0.6219 = = 0.0269 lbv/lba
Pa (12.24 - 0.507)
i = 0.24(80) + 0.0269 [1061.2 + 0.444(80)] = 48.7 Btu/lbma
RaT 53.35(540)
v= = = 17.05 ft3 / lbma
Pa (12.24 - 0.507) 144
(b) English Units t = 32 F, Pv = 0.089 psia ( Table A-1a)
0.6219(0.089)
W= = 0.00456 lbmv/lbma
(12.24 0.089)
i = 0.24(32) + 0.00456 [1061.2 + 0.444(32)] =12.58 Btu/lbma
53.35(492)
v= = 15.00 ft3/lbma
(12.24 0.089)144
3-3 (a) SI Units -27 C, 1500 m elevation
P = 99.436 + 1500(-0.01) = 84.436 kPa
10
0.6219x3.60
W= = 0.0277 kgv/kga
(84.436 3.60)
i = 27 + 0.0277 (2501.3 + 1.86 x 27) = 97.68 kJ/kga
3-3 (contd)
0.287x300
v= = 1.065 m3 / kga
(84.436 - 3.60)
(b) SI Units 0.0C; 1500m or 84.436 kPa
Pv = 0.61 kPa; Table A-1b
0.6219 x 0.61
W= = 0.00453 kgv / kga
(84.436 - 0.61)
i = 0.0 + 0.00453 (2501.3 0.0 x 1.86) = 11.33 kJ / kga
0.287 x 273
v= = 0.935 m3 / kga
(84.436 - 0.61)
3-4 (a) English Units 70F, Pv = 0.363 psia
Pv = Pg = 0.75(0.363) = 0.272 psia
0.6219 (0.272)
W= = 0.0117 lbmv / lbma
(14.696 - 0.272)
i = 0.24 (70) + 0.0117 [1061.2 + 0.444 (70)] = 29.58 Btu / lbma
(b) Pv = 0.75 (0.363) = 0.272 psia; P = 12.24 psia
11
0.6219 (0.272)
W= = 0.0141 lbmv / lbma
(12.24 - 0.272)
i = 0.24(70) + 0.0141 [1061.2 + 0.444 (70)] = 32.20 Btu/ lbma
3-4 SI Units
(a) 20C, 75% RH, Sea Level
3-4 (contd)
Ps = 2.34 kPa; Pv = 0.75 x 2.34 = 1.755 kPa
0.6219 x 1.755
W= = 0.0110 kgv / kga
(101.325 - 1.755)
i = 1.0 t + W(2501.3 + 1.86t)
i = 20 + 0.0110(2501.3 + 1.86 x 20) = 47.92 kJ / kga
(b) 20C, 75% RH, 1525m
P = 99.436 0.01 x 1525 = 84.186 kPa
Ps = 2.34 KPa; Pv = 0.75 x 2.34 = 1.755 kPa
0.6219 x 1.755
W= = 0.0132 kgv / kga
(84.186 - 1.755)
i = 20 + 0.0132(2501.3 + 1.86 x 20) = 53.51 kJ / kga
3-5 English Units
t = 72 Fdb; = 50 %; P = 14.696 psia
Pv
= or Pv = Ps ; Pv = 0.5(0.3918) = 0.196 psia
Ps
12
Air dewpoint = saturated temp. at 0.196 psia = 52.6 F
Moisture will condense because the glass temp.
40 F is below the dew point temp.
3-5 SI Units t = 22C ; 50% ; P = 100 kPa

Pv = Ps ; Pv = 0.5(2.34) = 1.17 kPa
3-5 (contd)
Air dewpoint = sat.temp. at 1.17 kPa = 9.17 C
Glass temp. of 4 C is below the dewpoint of 9.17 C, therefore,
moisture will ccondense on the glass
3-6 English Units -
(a) At 55F, 80% RH, va = 13.12 ft3 / lba and a = 0.0752 lbma / ft3
a = 5000 (0.0762) = 381 lbma / min = 22,860 lbma / hr

m
(b) Using PSYCH a = 0.0610 lbma / ft3 or va = 16.4 ft3 / lba
a = 5000 (0.061) = 305 lbma / min

m = 18,300 lbma / hr
3-6 SI Units
(a) t = 13 C and relative humidity 80%
a = 2.36 / 0.82 = 2.88 kga / s

then va 0.820 m3 / kga; m
(b) Assuming same conditions
a = 2.36 / 0.985 = 2.40 kga / s

v a = 0.985 m3 / kga ; m
13
3-7 English Units t = 80F, 60% RH
(a) Pv = Ps = 0.6 (0.507) = 0.304 psia
t dp = (t sat @ Pv ) = 64.5 F
(b) Same as (a) above
3-7 SI Units
(a) 27 C, 60% RH, Sea Level
Ps = 3.57 kPa; Pv = 0.6 x 3.57 = 2.14 kPa
t dp =(t sat at Pv ) 18.4 C
(b) Same as (a) above
3-8 t dp 9C (48F)
42% ; W 0.0071 kgv / kga (lbv / lba)
Chart 1a & 1b
14
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY R
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
15
5000 0 .8 .026
.0
2. 0 -2 00 0
-
3000 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
-8
TOTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
-0.3 80 TU
0 RE
0.2
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENTHALPY 'h
HU MIDITY RATIO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
70 .016
D
30
F
Problem 3-8
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
70
PE
.014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
.012
N
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
42 %
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
dp % Room LB
60
W=0.0071 .D
13
RY
45
.5
15 50
%
50
A IR
.006
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30 %
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
I VE H UMIDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
48 (9) 72 (22) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
3-9 (a,b,d) Using the Properties option of PSYCH:
Relative Humidity = 0.59 or 59%
Enthalpy = 30.4 Btu/lbma
Humidity Ratio = 0.0114 lbu/lba
(c) Again using the Properties option
At W=0.0114 lbv/lba; RH = 1.00 or 100%
The dew point = tdb or twb = 59.9 F

15
3-9 (contd)
(e) Using the Density of Dry Air option:
Mass Density = 0.070 lba/ft3
3-10 Using program PSYCH
(a) tdb = 102.6; twb = 81.1F
75 Fdb; 65 fwb; 14.2 psia
= 58.7 lbm/hr
(b) m
2 = 1027 cfm
Q
3-11 t1 = 80 / 67 F; t2 = 55 F and sat.; assume std. barometer
(a) W1 W2 = 0.0112 0.0092 = 0.002 lbv / lba
(b) ql = 31.5 - 29.3 = 2.2 Btu / lba
(c) qs = 29.3 23.2 = 6.1 Btu / lba
(d) q = ql + qs = 8.3 Btu / lba
0.6219 (0.3095)
3-12 (a) W2* = = 0.0134 kgv / kga
(14.696 0.3095)
0.24 (65 - 80) + ( 0.0134 x 1056.5)

W1 = = 0.00993 lbv / lba
(1096 - 33)
also W1 = 0.6219 Pv1 / (P Pv1)
16
Pv1 = (0.00993 x 14.696) / ( 0.6219 + 0.00993) = 0.231 psia
3-12 (contd)
0.231
1 = = 0.46 or 46%
0.507
(b) P = 29.42 (0.0009 x 5000) = 24.92 in.Hg. or P = 12.24 psia
0.6219 x (0.3095)
W2* = = 0.01613 lbv/lba
(12.24 - 0.3095)
0.24(65 80) + (0.01613 x 1056.5)

W1 = = 0.01265 lbv / lba
( 1096 - 33)
or kgv / kga
Pv1 = 0.01265 x 12.24 / ( 0.6219 + 0.01265) = 0.244 psia
0.244
1 = = 0.48 or 48%
0.507
3-13 (a) Sea Level
Dew Mass
Dry Wet Humid. Enthalpy Rel.
point Density
Bulb, F Bulb, F Ratio, lba/lbv Btu/lba Humid., %
F lba/ft3
85 60 40.6 0.0053 26.6 21 0.072
75 59.6 49.2 0.0074 26.1 40 0.073
74.6 65.1 60.1 0.0111 30 60 0.073
88.6 70 60.9 0.01143 33.8 40 0.071
100 85.8 81.7 0.0235 50 56 0.068
17
(a) 5000 ft.
Dew Mass
Dry Wet Humid. Enthalpy Rel.
point Density
Bulb, F Bulb, F Ratio, lba/lbv Btu/lba Humid., %
F lba/ft3
85 60 45.1 0.0076 28.7 25 0.060
75 58.6 49.2 0.0089 27.7 40 0.061
71.2 61.6 56.7 0.0118 30 60 0.061
102.7 70 55.8 0.01143 37.3 22 0.058
100 81.3 76.1 0.0235 50 47 0.057
(c) Note effect of barometric pressure.
18
3-14
55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
-1 LB
.0
0
TE 55
MP
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENTHAL PY 'h
HU MIDITY RAT IO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
70 .016
D
Problem 3-14
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
U
Max RH=49.6 %
ME
% .010
80 60
40
20
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T.
W=0.0083
PE
.008
50 55
dp Room
RL
%
60
B. D
13
R
45
.5
15 50
YA
%
50 .006
IR
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - F
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
3-15 Use Chart 1b, SI
(a) td = 10 C; SHF = 0.62
2.4
(b) q = m
(i1 i2 ) = (57.1 - 34) = 63.95 kJ / s = 63.95 k W
0.867
q s = 63.95 (0.62) = 39.65 kW
3-15 Use Chart 1a, IP
(a) td = 52 F; SHF = 0.63
19
3-15 (contd)
5000(60)
(b) q = (32 - 22.6)= 203,317. Btu/hr
13.87

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
E
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Problem 3-15
Y
F
R
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
1
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
U.F
ADP 70
%
T. P
2 .008
ER
50 55
%
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
%
50 .006
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30%
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
52 (10) 55 (13) 80 (27) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
q s = 203,317 (0.63) = 128,089. Btu/hr
lbv
3-16 (a) i1 = 30 Btu / lba; v1 = 13.78 ft3 / lba; W = 0.0103 ; 1 = 50%
lba
(b) i1 = 51.6 kJ / kga
v1 = 0.86 m3 / kga
20
3-16 (contd)
kgv
W1 = 0.0103
kga
1 = 50%
3-17 Use the Heat Transfer option of program PSYCH:
q = 148,239 Btu/hr
q s = 102,235 Btu/hr
SHF = 0.69
3-18 Use the Heat Transfer option of program PSYCH for sensible heat
transfer only:
q s = 178,911 Btu/hr
Negative sign indicates heating.
3-19 Use the program PSYC to compute the various
properties at 85/68 F; sea level and
6000 ft elevation.
Elevation Enthalpy Rel. Hum Hum. Ratio Density

ft Btu/lbm percent lbv/lba lba/ft3
0 32.2 42 0.0107 0.072
6000 36.3 45 0.0144 0.058
a = 5000 x 0.072 x 60 = 21,600 lba/hr

At sea level: m
21
3-19 (contd)
a = 5000 x 0.057 x 60 = 17,100 lba/hr

At 6000 feet:: m
Percent Decrease at 6000 ft:
(21,600 17,100)100
PD = = 20.8%
21,600
3-20 Use the program PSYC to compute the heat transfer
rates at 1000 and 6000 feet elevation:
(a) at 1000 ft, q = 200,534 Btu/hr
= 190,224 Btu/hr
(b) at 6000 ft, q
(200,534 190,224)100
(c) PD = = 5.1 %
200,543
3-21 (a) English Units
PB = 29.92 in.Hg. ; q = 0
i
= iw = 180.2 + 0.8 (970.2)
W
iw = 956.4 Btu / lbv
From chart 1a; t2 = 91.5 F
22

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
TOTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2.0 0 WE .024
200 0.4 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDITY RATIO 'W 75 2
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
60 %
IR
A
Y
F
R
-
70 .016
D
Problem 3-21
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
U ME
% .010
80 60
40
20
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
LB
60
.D
13
RY
45
.5
15 50
%
50
A IR
.006
DR Y BULB T EMPERATUR E - F
40
45 1 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
91.5 (32) 98 (38) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
3-21 (a) SI Units
PB = 101.325 kPa
i
= iw = 419.04 + (0.8 x 2257)
W
iW = 2224.6 kJ / kg
From chart 1b; t2 = 32 C
(b) Use Humidification (adiabatic) option to obtain 91.5 F db.
3-22 PB = 29.92 in.Hg.; q = 0
(a) Using chart 1a

23
3-22 (contd)
i
= iw = 1090 Btu / lbm
W
From table A-1
i-if 1090 - 196.1

x= =
ifg 960.1
x = 0.931 or about 93 %
(b) x will be the same

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.

50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
15
50 00 0 .8 .026
.0
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
0 .5
T OTAL HEAT Qt
-8

-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
E
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0 a
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
1090 80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RATIO 'W 75
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
Problem 3-22
D
N
b
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
70
PE
.014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
HUMI DITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
.012
N
E
65
1 4 .0
60 60
90
%
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
L B.
60
13
DR
45 1
.5
50
YA
15
%
50 .006
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30%
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
80 ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
24
3-23 Assume PB = 101.325 kPa; q = 0
i 272.1
= iw = kJ / kg
W 1000
iw = 0.272 (on scale)
t2 = 22.6 C
11 0 12
NORMAL TEMPERATURE 0
30
R
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 101.325 kPa R
Copyright 1992
10 0
28
SEA LEVEL 30
0 .9
1.0 1 .0
4
12 0
0 .8 1 .5 26
-5. 0 90
10 .0
0.7 2. 0
- 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -2.0 30
WE
T OTAL HEAT Qt TB
5.0
0.5
-2
-4.0
.0
0.272
0.0
UL
BT
EM 24
0. 4 PE
-1 R AT
.0 UR
80 E-
0. 3
4. 0 1 .0 C
-0 .5
11 0
0.2
-0.2
0 22
0 .1
0 .9
2
3 .0
2 .0
70 25
2.5
20
ENTHALPY 'h
HU MIDITY RAT IO 'W
10 0
25
18
60
R
0 .9
AI
Y
0
R
C
D
16
F
O
Problem 3-23
R
AM
TU
R
50
20
A
G
20 90
ER
O
IL
P
EM
K
2
R
14
T
E
N
P
O
J
HUMI DITY RATIO - GRAM S M OISTURE PER KI LOGR AM D RY AIR

TI
-K
20
R
Y
LP
TU
80 %
0 .8
A
40
SA
TH
8
N
12
E
% 80
15 90
% 10
30 80
0 .8
15
6V
%
70
OL
8
U
10
1
ME
%
20 60 70
-C
UB
0. 8
10
IC M
0%
4
5 6
D RY BU LB TEMPERA TU RE - C
5
ET
ER
40 %
PE
0 .8
10 5
Rk
4
2
gD
3 0%
60
R
YA
0 .8
20 %
IR
0
2
0 .7
IVE HU MID ITY

8
10% RE LAT
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
22.6 38 ENTHALPY - KJ PER KILOGRAM OF DRY AIR
3-24 For adia. humidification
i
(a) = iw = 1131 Btu / lbw
W
25
3-24 (contd)
q c = m
a (i2 - i1)
a = 2000 x 60 / 13.14
m
a = 9132 lba / hr
m
i1 = 18.1 Btu / lba ; i2 = 29.7 Btu / hr
q c = 9132 (29.7 - 18.1) = 105,931 Btu / hr
w = m
m a (W3 - W2 ) ; W3 = 0.0167; W2 = 0.0032 lbv/lba
w = 9132 (0.01 67 - 0.0032) = 123.3 lbw / hr

m
26

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -200 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2.0 0 WE .024
200 0.4 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
- 0.4
50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
1131 80
1 000
.020
ENTHALPY 'h
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
3
IR
A
Y
F
R
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
Problem 3-24
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
ME
30 %
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
%
50 .006
IR
DR Y BULB TEMPERATUR E - F
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 30%
1 3.
35
0
2
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
VE H UM IDIT
10% REL ATI
5
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
60 (16) 110 (43)

ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
(b) Solution similar to (a)
3-25 English Units
See diagram for construction on chart 1a.
32 2000 Q 2
= = 1=
12 3000 Q3 3
Layout 2L/3 on the chart and read:
W3 = 0.007 lbv/lba
27
I3 = 22.2 Btu/lba

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -200 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2.0 0 WE .024
200 0.4 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
- 0.4 50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
77 80
1 000
.020
ENTHALPY 'h
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
Problem 3-25
TU
D
2
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
52
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
3 60 L B.
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
%
50 .006
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35 35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
1 20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
VE H UM IDIT
10% REL ATI
5
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
40 (4) 58.4 (15) 100 (38) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
3-25 SI Units Same procedure as above, read:
i3 = 34 kJ / kga
W3 = 0.007 kgv / kga
3-26 English Units
Layout the given data on Chart 1a as shown for problem 3-25.
a1 = 2000(60) 12.66 = 9,479lba hr

m
28
3-26 (contd)
a2 = 1000(60) 14.44 = 4,155lba hr

m
32 a1
m 9479
= = = 0.695
12 m a1+m a2 9479 + 4155
Layout distance 32 on line from 1 to 2 to locate point 3 for the

mixture.
Read: i3 = 21.5 Btu/lbm
W3 = 0.0067 lbu/lba
(0.007 0.0067)100
For W, % Error = = 4.5
0.0067
(22.2 21.5)100
For I, % Error = = 3.3
21.5
250,000
3-27 SHF = = 0.8
200,000
59
or SHF = = .81
73
29

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
0 .8 .026
0.8
50 00
2. 0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
TOTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5 4
RA
- 0.
50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENTHALPY 'h
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
Problem 3-27
A
U
ER
PO
28.2
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
50 %
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
21.5
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
1
U .F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
L B.
2 60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
%
50 .006
DR Y BULB T EMPERATUR E - F
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
53 (12) 75 (24) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND O F DRY AIR
3-28 Refer to diagram for 3-27
(a) q = m
a (i1 - i2 ); i1 = 28.2; i2 = 21.5
a = 250,000 / (28.2 - 21.5) = 37,313 lba / hr

m
=m
Q a v 2 = 37,313 x 13.09 / 60 = 8,140 ft 3 / min
= 3.85 m3 / s
(b) similar procedure; Q
30
3-29 (a) Use the AirQuantity option of program PSYCH, iterating on the
relative humidity and setting the minimum outdoor Air Quantity to
0.01, NOT ZERO.
Use the properties option to find the entering wet bulb
temperature of 62.6F. Then
= 0.852 (iterated)
ts = 56F
= 9,360 cfm
Qs
(b) Proceed as above
= 0.882
ts = 56F
= 10,014 cfm
Q s
3-30 Proceed as in 3-29 above.
= 0.92
ts = 56.1 56 F
= 11,303 cfm
Q s
500,000
3-31 (a) SHF = = 0.91
550,000
31
3-31 (contd)
(b) q = m
a (i2 -i1)
a = q/(i
or m 2 -i1)
550,000
a =
m
(34.3 22.8)
a =47,826lba hr
m
=m a v 2 47,826
Q 2 = x 14.62=11,654 cfm or 5.5 m3/s
60 60
32

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1.0 85
1 5 .0
0.8
0.91 .026
5000
2. 0 -2000
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIBLE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
TOTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
0.4 0 T
200
-1.
BU
0
0 LB
TE 55
MP
0. 3
E RA
-0 .5 4
50
- 0.
80 TU
-0.3
0 RE
0.2
-0 .2
- F
-0 .1
.022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENTHALPY 'h
34.3 35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
70 .016
-
D
30
E
F
R
O
TU
D
Problem 3-31
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
70
PE
.014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B

A
R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
22.8
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80
20 60
30 % 40
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
YA
15
50 % .006
IR
40
45
1 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30 %
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UMIDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
72 (22) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR 115 (46)
=m
3-32 q a (i2 -i1)
q
i2 = +i
a 1
m
1400 x 60
a
m = 5,915.5
14.2
-5 x 12,000
i2 = +38.5
5,915.5
i 2 = 2 8 .3 6 Btu/lba
33
Then from Chart 1a, t2= 67F

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2. 0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
TOTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
- 0.4
50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
'h
75
ENTHALPY
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
70 .016
D
Problem 3-32 1
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
28.4
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
2
U ME
% .010
ADP55 80 60
40
20
-C
U .F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
LB
60
.D
13
R
45
.5
15 50
YA
%
50 .006
DR Y BULB T EMPERAT UR E - F
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30%
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
55 67 90 ENTHALPY - BT U PER PO UND O F DRY AIR
3-33 Use Adiabatic Mixing option of PSYCH with the Properties option to
enter requested data. Assume volume flow rates of 3 to 1 to obtain.
Tmix,db = 84.2 F
Tmix,wb = 71.3 F
3-34 Use Program PSYCH at Sea Level elevation
Iteration on the supply volume flow rate is required. This is the same as the
leaving air quantity for the coil.

34
3-34 (contd)
(a) Supply air quantity is 9,384 cfm.
(b) The outdoor air quantity is 938 cfm.
(c) Air enters the coil at 74.6 F db, 60.5 F wb at a rate of 9,740 cfm
(d) The coil capacity is 248,256 Btu/hr.
The amount of air returned is: (9,740 939) = 8,802 cfm.
3-35 Use Program PSYCH at 5,000 ft elevation
Iteration on the supply volume flow rate is required. This is the same as the
leaving air quantity for the coil.
(a) Supply air quantity is 11,267 cfm.
(b) The outdoor air quantity is 1,127 cfm.
(c) Air enters the coil at 74.6 F db, 62.1 F wb at a rate of 11,697 cfm
(d) The coil capacity is 334,143 Btu/hr.
The amount of air returned is: (11,697 1,127) = 10,570 cfm.
3-36 = 1000 cfm

Q 0
(a) From Chart 1a
t s =120 / 74 F
s= q 200,000
m =
(is -ir ) (37.2 22.8)
35
1
= 13,889 lb/hr = m
=m
Q sv s = m
s (14.78)/60 = 3,421 ft 3 / min
s
/v = 1000 x 60 / 12.61 = 4758 lb/hr

o= Q
(b) m o o
r 13,889 4758
m
= = 0.66; From Chart 1a t1 = 61/ 47 F
1
m 13,889
t 3 - t1 = (119 61)
w= m
(c) m s (Ws -W2 ) = 13,889 (0.0075 - 0.0036) = 54.2 lbm/hr
(d) q f = m
1(i3 -i1) =13,889 (32.8 18.6) = 197,224 Btu/hr
36

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
0.8 300 0
-
0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0
8 .0
2.0 -2 00 0
-1 00 0
45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2.0 0 WE .024
200 0.4 T BU
-1 LB
.0
0
TE 55
MP
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
1150 80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
Problem 3-36
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
U ME
% .010
80
20 60
30 % 40
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T.
PE
.008 s
47 50 55
RL
%
60
B.
13
DR
45
.5
15 50
YA
%
50 .006
IR
40
45
r 35
4 0%
35
40
1
.004
30%
1 3.
35 1 3
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
0 30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
40 61 72 ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR 120
3-37 (a) t s = 120 / 71.4 F Use Chart 1Ha
s = 200,000 /(38.7 24.0) = 13,605 lba/hr = m

m 1
= 13,605 x 17.85 / 60 = 4048 cfm

Q s
0 = (1000 / 15 .2) x 60 = 3947 lba/hr

(b) m
r 13,605 3947
m
= = 0.71; t1 = 62.8 / 47 F
1
m 13,605
t 3 -t1 = (119.5 62.8)
w =m
(c) m s (w s -W1) = 13,605 (0.0088 - 0.0046) = 57.14 lbw/hr
37
(d) q f = 13,605 (33.8 - 20.2) = 185,028 Btu/hr
3-38 Assume fan power and
heat gain are load on the space
9384
s =
m x 60 = 42,915 lbm/hr; Prob 3-34
13.12

W fan + qduct = ms (is ic )
= (4 x 2545) + 1000 = 11,180 Btu / hr
11,180
ic = 20.8 = 20.54 Btu/lbm
42,915
State c is required condition leaving coil
Part a, b, and c are same as prob. 3-34;
(d) q coil =m
1(i1-ic ) = 42,915 (26.8 - 20.54) = 268,648 Btu/hr
38

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
-1 LB
.0
0
TE 55
MP
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
0
80
1 000
.020
ENTHAL PY 'h
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-
70 .016
Problem 3-38
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
50 %
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
U
1
ME
% .010
20.54 20
80 60
40
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T.
PE
.008
50 55 r
RL
c %
60
B.
13
DR
45 s 50
.5
15
YA
%
50 .006
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30%
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
55 72 100 ENTHALPY - BT U PER PO UND O F DRY AIR
q r = m
s (i r i s ); W s (i s i c )
3-39 fan = m
(a) ic = 28 Btu/lbm; ir = 33.7 Btu/lbm
Using Chart 1Ha
q r = 1,320,000 Btu/hr

W fan = 30 x 2545 = 76350 Btu/hr

W fan = 30 x 2545 = 76,350 = ma (is -ic )
39
q s = 1,320,000 = m
a(ir -is )

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
85
R
Copyright 1992 50
.028
5000 FEET 60
1 8 .0
80
1.0 1 .0
0.8 50 00
-
0 .8
2. 0 -2 000 45
.026
300 0 0 .6 SENSIBL E HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 000

8 .0 80
TOTAL HEAT Qt W
0 .5 -8
-4.0.0
ET
BU
-2. 0 LB .024
200 0. 4 0 TE
MP
-1 ER
.0
0
AT 55
75 U RE
0. 3
-0 .5
-
-0 .4
50 40 F
- 0.3
0
0.2
-0 .2
-0 .1
0 .022
0 .1
15
17 .5
00
75
10 00
.020
ENTHALPY 'h
35 70
HU MIDIT Y RATIO 'W
50
.018
R
F
AI
70
RY
E
UR
D
AT
F
O
30 65
ER
ND
.016
P
U
M
PO
Problem 3-39
TE
17 .0
50 %
R
N
PE
O
TI
TU
RA
65 45
-B
.014
TU
59 (15)
Y
SA
60
LP
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR

A
25
TH
s
EN
c .012
60
%
55 90
%
16
80 .010
.5 V
20 40
55
50
OL
%
70
U
ME
-C
.008
45 50 %
U .F
60
T. P
15
ER
16 .0
40 45 %
50
LB
.006
0
.D
35 40 35
R
4 0%
YA
IR
35
.004
30 %
1 5 .5
20%
.002
I TY
TIV E HUMID
10% RELA
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
62.5 (17) 80 (27) 90 (32) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
Two unknowns & two equations
Solve simultaneous:

W
fa n + q s = m a (ir -i c )
1 ,3 2 0 ,0 0 + 7 6 ,3 5 0
a=
m
(3 3 .7 -2 8 )
a = 2 4 4 ,9 7 4 lb a /h r
m
40
is = ir - ( q s m
a)
1,320,000
is = 33.7 - =28.3 Btu/lba
244,974
Locate points on the condition line on Chart 1 Ha and point c is on
cooler process line horz. to left of points.
Read ts = 62.5 F, tc = 61.6F.
= 244,974 x16.2 = 66,143cfm

(a) Q s
60
= 31.2 m 3 s
(b) Q s
3-40 English Units Tucson, Arizona, Elevation 2,556 ft.
imin =i0 =31.1 Btu/lba and sat. air ; t min =64.5 F; PSYCH
Shreveport, Louisiana, Elevation 259 ft.
imin =i0 = 42.5 Btu/lba and sat. air ; tmin = 76.8 F; PSYCH
SI Units Tucson, Arizona
imin =i0 = 51.5 kJ/kga ; tmin =18.1 C; Chart 1b
Shreveport, Louisiana
imin =i0 =75.5 kJ/kga ; tmin =24.8 C; Chart 1b
41

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
90
Copyright 1992
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC. 50 .028
259 FEET 60
1.0 1 .0 85
15 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 000
-
300 0 0 .6 SENSIBL E HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 000
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4.0.0 85
WE
-2. 0 TB .024
200 0. 4 0 UL
-1 BT
.0
0
EM 55
PE
0. 3
80 R AT
-0 .5
UR
-0 .4
50
- 0.3
0 E-
0.2
-0 .2
F
-0 .1
0 .022
0 .1
40
15
00
80
10 00
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h TLO
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO 'W
75
35 50
.018
75
R
AI
Y
14 .5
F
Problem 3-40
R
70
-
SL
D
E .016
F
30
R
O
U
D
AT
N
Shreveport, LA
U
R
PO
PE
M
ER
TE
70 45
.014
P
N
TU
65
I
-B
AT

R
Y
U
LP
AT
25
A
TH
S
N
.012
E
65
60
%
90
1 4.
% .010
0V
55 80 60 40
20
OL
UM
%
70
E-
50 55 .008
CU
.FT
%
60
.P
ER
45 50
15
%
50 LB .
1 3.
.006
5
DR
40
45 YA
35
4 0%
35
IR
40
.004
35 30%
1 3 .0
20 %
.002
IVE HUMIDITY
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
76.8 95 ENTHALPY - BT U PER PO UND O F DRY AIR
42

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 27.259 INCHES OF MERCURY R 85
Copyright 1992
50
.028
2556 FEET 60
16 .
5
1.0 1 .0 85

50 00 0 .8 .026
2. 0 -2 000
- 45
300 0 0 .6 SENSIBL E HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 000
8 .0
-8
T OTAL HEAT Qt 80
0 .5 -4.0.0
-2. 0 .024
200 0. 4 0
-1
.0
0
55
0. 3
-0 .5
-0 .4
50 80
- 0.3
0 WE
0.2
-0 .2
40
-0 .1
0
TB .022
0 .1
UL
15
BT
00
EM
P ER
75 A TU
1 6 .0
RE
- F
10 00
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
75 50
.018
70
Problem 3-40
IR
A
F
-
Y
R
E
D
Tucson, Arizona
R
F
.016
TU
30
O
70
D
ER
N
U
P
O
EM
P
65
R
T
PE
45
O
TU
1 5 .5
.014
TI
TLO
A
-B
R
TU
Y

LP
SA
65
A
25
TH
60
EN
.012
%
90
60
55
%
80 .010
40
20
1 5.
%
50 7 055
0V
OL
.00 8
UM
%
60
45
E-
50
CU
15
%
50
.FT
40 45 TA .00 6
.P
1 4.
ER
35
35 4 0%
5
LB
40
DR.
.00 4
35 30 %
YA
IR
1 4 .0
20%
.00 2
ITY
TIV E HU MID
10% RELA
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
64.6 102 ENTHALPY - BT U PER PO UND O F DRY AIR
3-41 q = m
s (ir i s )
s = 12,000 /(28.2 19.1) = 1,319 lba/hr ton

(a) m
= 1319 x 15.6 = 343 cfm/ton

Q s
60
o r1
m 13
= = = 0.55 or 55%
s r0 23.5
m
0.046 m3 / s - kW
(b) Q s
0 /m
m s 55%
43

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
85
R
Copyright 1992 50
.028
5000 FEET 60
1 8 .0
80
1.0 1 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 000 45
-
300 0 0 .6 SENSIBL E HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 000
8 .0 80
TOTAL HEAT Qt W
0.7 200
0 .5
0. 4
-2.
0
-8
-4.0.0
0
ET
BU
LB
TE
MP
.024
-1 ER
.0
0
AT 55
75 U
0. 3
RE
-0
- F
-0 .4
50
.5
40
- 0.3
0
0.2
-0 .2
-0.1
0 .022
0 .1
15
17 .5
00
75
10 00
.020
ENT HALPY 'h
35 70
50
.018
R
F
AI
- 70
Y
RE
DR
TU
F
RA
O
30 65
D
.016
PE
UN
M
PO
TE
Problem 3-41
17 .0
R
N
PE
IO
AT
TU
65 45
UR
-B
.014
T
PY
SA
60
AL
HUMI DITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR

25
TH
EN
55 90
%
60 40 % .012
% 1 6 .5
80 .010
20 55 40
VO
50 r
LU
%
70
ME
-C
.008
45 50 %
U.F
60
s
T. P
15
ER
16 .0
40 45 %
50
1
10 %
L B.
.006
DR
35 40 35
4 0%
YA
IR
35 0 .004
30 %
1 5 .5
20%
.002
IVE HUMIDI TY
10% REL AT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
500,000
3-42 q = m
2 (i2 i3 ); m
2 =
(41.1 21.9)
2 = 26,042 lba/hr
m
= 26042 x 14.55/60 = 6315 cfm

Q 2
0 = 0.25 x 26,042 = 6511 lba/hr

m
0 /m
m 3 = 0.25; t mix = 67.5 / 49.5 F
44
3-42 (contd)
Preheat Coil:
q ph = m
0c p (t 4 -t 0 ) = 6511 x 0.24 (60-6) = 84,383 Btu/hr
Heat Coil:
q h = m
2 (i5 -i1) = 26,042 (28.4 - 20) = 218,753 Btu/hr
Humidifier:
w= m
m 2 (W2 -W5 ) = 26,042 (0.0144 - 0.0035)
= 283.9 lbw/hr
= 2.98 m3 / s; q = 24.7 kW; q = 64.1 kW;

(b) Q 2 ph h
w = 0.036 kg/s
m
45

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 000
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
TOTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2.0 0 WE .024
200 0.4 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
- 0.4
50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
1153 80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-
70 .016
D
E
F
30
Problem 3-42
R
O
TU
D
N
2
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
30 %
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
%
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
50 % .006
IR
DR Y BUL B TEMPERATUR E - F
40
45 3 35
4 0%
35
40
1 .004
1 3.
30%
35
0
5
20 %
.002
1 2.
H UM IDITY
REL ATI VE
5
10%
4 30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
60 (16) 70 (21) 105 (40)

ENTHALPY - BT U PER PO UND O F DRY AIR
3-43 Use Chart 1a; q d = m

a (ir is )
a = q d /(ir i s )
or m
a = 150 x 12,000 / (28.4-22) = 28,125 lbm/hr

(a) m
= 28,125 x 13.25/60 = 61,211 cfm

Q d
= 0.20
Q = 1,242 cfm
Q
m d
m = 1,242 x 60/13.5 = 5,521 lbm/hr [vm assumed]

m
im =ir 1.8 x 12,000/5,521 = 24.5 Btu/lbm; tm = 62 / 57 F
46
= 2.93 m3 /s; Q
(b) Q = .59 m3 /s; t = 17/14 C
d m m

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0
0.8 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2. 0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
-8
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5
0.6 200 0. 4
-1.
-2.
-4 .0.0
0 0
85
WE
T BU
.024
0
0 LB
TE 55
MP
0. 3
E
-0 .5 50
RA
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
Problem 3-43
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
U
r
ME
.010
m 80 % 60 40
20
-C
55
U.F
s %
70
T. P .008
50 55 ER
%
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
%
50 .006
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30%
35
0
62 (17) 20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
60 (16) 75 (24) ENTHALPY - BT U PER PO UND O F DRY AIR
15.0 x 12,000
3-44 a =
(a) m = 29,508 lba/hr
(31.2 - 25.1)
= 29,508 x 16.0/60 = 7,869 cfm; Q

Q = 0.2 x Q

d m s
= 1,574 cfm
m =1,574 x 60/16.2 = 5,829 lba/hr (v massumed)

m
im = 35.7 1.8 x 12,000/5,829 = 27.5 Btu/lba;

47
tm = 62.5 / 58 F
=3.7 m3 / s; Q
(b) Q = 0.74 m3 /s; t = 17 /14.4 C
s m m
r
m 10
3-45 Use Chart 1a; = 0.8 =
1
m 0r
[Both design and min. load condition]
is = ir - q m / m
s
Q 50 x 12,000
s =
m d
=
ir i s (29.35 - 22.3)
s = 85,106 lba/hr; m
m s is constant for all conditions
i s' = 29.35 25 x 12,000/85, 106 = 25.83 Btu/lba
(a) From Chart 1a; t s' = 64 F
si s + m
(b) m b i1' = (m
c +m
b ) i s'
b (i s i s' ) 24.2 25.8

m
= = = 0.271
c (i s' i1' ) 25.8 31.7
m
(b) From chart 1a; t d = 49 F for both cases
48

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0
0.9 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
- 0.4
50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
0
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
35 50
0'
14 .5
.018
75
Problem 3-45
IR
A
Y
F
R
-
70 .016
D
E
F
30
50 %
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65 1'
TI
-B

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60 % 1
90
VO
LU
s'
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55 r
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
s %
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
%
50 .006
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
55 (13) 64 (18) 77 (25) 85 (29) 95 (35) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
3-46 Refer to problem 3-45. Results are similar.
3-47 (a) It is probably impossible to cool the air from 1 to 2 in one
process. The extension of line 12 does not intersect the
saturation curve.
(b) Cool the air to state 1' and then heat to state 2.
49

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
-8
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE 55
MP
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENTHAL PY 'h
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
-
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
90 %
TU
Problem 3-47
D
N
A
U
67
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65 1
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
UME
% .010
20 54 80 60 40
-C
55
U .F
%
70
T.
PE
50 1' 55
.008
RL
%
60
B. D
2
13
RY
45
.5
15 50
%
50
A IR
.006
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
1 3.
30%
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
c sh
m
3-48 (a) = =.837
s ch
m
h cs
m
= = 0.163
s ch
m
c 0.837
m
= = 5.14
h 0.163
m
q = m
s (ir is )
50 x 12,000
s =
m = 93,750 lba/hr
(28.2-21.8)
50
= 93,750 x 13.2/60 = 20,625 cfm

Q s
= 9.7 m3 /s
(b) Q s

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0
0.65 200
0
0. 4
-1.
0
-2.
0
0
85
WE
T BU
LB
.024
TE 55
MP
0. 3
E
-0
RA
- 0.4
50 80
.5
TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0. 1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
Problem 3-48
-
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
90 %
O
T
65
TI
-B

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
.0 V
%
90
OL
U ME
% .010
80 60 r 40
20
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
20 %
ER
50 55
%
LB
60
.D
c
13
s
R
45 h
.5
15 50
YA
%
50 .006
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
VE H UM IDIT
10% REL ATI
5
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
52 (11) 75 (24) 90 (32) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND O F DRY AIR
3-49 See diagram of problem 3-48
c
m 36 h 10.1
m c
m 0.9
(a) = = 0.9; = = 0.10 ; = = 9.0
s 46.3
m s 46.3
m h 0.10
m
50 x 12,000
s =
m = 83,333 lba/hr
(30.1 - 22.9)
=83,333 x 15.67/60 = 21,763 cfm

Q s
51
=10.3 m3 /s
(b) Q s
3-50 (a) See diagram for problem 3-48
c
m
= 0.837; q c = m
c (ir -ic ); m
c = 0.714 x m
s = 0.837 x 93,750
s
m
= 78,469 x 13.04/60 = 17,054 cfm

c = 78,469 lba/hr ; Q
m c
q c = 78,469 (28.2-20.6) = 596,364 Btu/hr
=8.1 m3 /s; q = 175 kW

(b) Q c c
3-51 SI Units
(a) On the basis of volume flow rate using Chart 1b:
= 13 Q
Q = 0.69 x 1.18 = 0.815 m3/s
2 3
12
=Q
and Q -Q
= 1.18 0.815 = 0.365 m3/s
1 3 2
(b)

Q
q 34 = m
a3 (i4 -i3 ) = 3 (i -i )
4 3
v3
1.18
q 34 = (47.8-41.0) = 9.6 kW
0.835
52

11 0 12
30
R
Copyright 1992
10 0
28
SEA LEVEL 30
0 .9
1.0 1 .0
4
12 0
0 .8 1 .5 26
-5.0 90
10 .0
0. 7 2. 0
- 0. 6 4 .0 30
Problem 3-51
0.5
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
Qs
Qt
-4.0

-2.0
WE
TB
UL
BT
-2 0.0 E 24
5.0
.0 MP
0. 4 ER
-1 AT
.0 UR
80 E-
0. 3
4. 0 1 .0 C
-0 .5
11 0
0.2
-0.2
0 22
0 .1
0 .9
2
3 .0
2 .0
70 25
2.5
20
ENT HAL PY 'h
10 0
25
18
60
Problem 3-51 R
0 .9
AI
Y
0
R
C
D
-
16
50 %
F
O
E
R
AM
TU
R
50
A
G
20 90
ER
O
IL
P
EM
K
R
T
14
E
N
P
O
J
HUMIDITY RATIO - G RAM S M OISTURE PER KILOGR AM D RY AIR

TI
-K
20
R
Y
1
LP
TU
0 .8
A
40
SA
TH
8
N
12
E
%
14.7 15 90
10
80
30 %
80 3 4
0 .8
15
6V
%
70
11
OL
2 8
U
10
ME
%
20 60 70
-C
UB
0.8
10
IC M
%
4
50 6
5
ET
ER
40 %
PE
0 .8
10 5
Rk 4
2
g
3 0% DR
YA 60
0 .8
20 %
IR
0
2
0 .7
IVE HUM ID ITY

8
10% RE LAT
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
12 17.2 24 29 ENTHALPY - KJ PER KILO GRAM O F DRY AIR
English Units
= 640 cfm; q = 33,684 Btu/hr

(a) Q1 34
3-52 (a),(b)
From Chart 1b, states 1.4 and ADP are known. Based on approx.
11.8 C db, 11.2 C wb, and 90% RH locate state 2.
Then for full load design condition air is cooled from 1 to 2 and the
room process proceeds from 2 to 4.
53
For the high latent load condition, the air at 2 is reheated to state 3
where it enters the space and the process proceeds to state 4.

Q
(c) q 24 = m
a (i4 -i2 ) = 2 (i4 -i2 )
v2
=35 x 0.817 (47.7-32) ;

Q = 1.82 m3/s
Q
2 2
1.82
q 12 = m
a (i1-i2 ) = (60.6-32)
0.817
q 12 = 63.7 kW
1.82
q 34 = m
a (i4 -i3 )= (47.7-39.4)
0.817
q 34 = 18.5 kW
q 23 = q 24 - q 34 = 35-18.5=16.5 kW
54

11 0 12
30
R
Copyright 1992
10 0
28
SEA LEVEL 30
Problem 3-52
0 .9
1.0 1 .0
4
12 0
0 .8 1 .5 26
-5. 0 90
10 .0
0.7 2.0
- 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -2.0 30
WE
T OTAL HEAT Qt TB
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
-2 0.0 E 24
5.0
.0 MP
0. 4 ER
-1. AT
0 UR
80 E-
0. 3
1 .0 C
-0 .5
4. 0
11 0
0.2
-0.2
0 22
0 .1
0 .9
2
3 .0
2 .0
70 25
2.5
20
ENTHALPY 'h
10 0
25
18
60
R
0 .9
AI
Problem 3-52
Y
0
R
C
D
-
21 16
F
O
E
R
AM
TU
R
50
A
G
20 90
ER
O
IL
P
EM
K
R
14
E
N
P
1
O
J
HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAM S M OISTURE PER KILOGR AM D RY AIR

TI
-K
20
R
Y
LP
TU
0 .8
17
A
40
SA
TH
8
N
12
E
% 80
15 90
30
14 80
%
15
4 0 .8
10
11
6V
%
70
OL
8
U
10
ME
ADP 2 % 3
20 60 70
-C
UB
0 .8
10
IC M
%
50
4
5
ET
ER
40 %
PE
0 .8
10 5
Rk
4
2
gD
3 0%
60
R
YA
0 .8
20 %
IR
0
2
0 .7
IVE HU MID ITY

8
10% RE LAT
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
50
5
9 11.8
10
19 20
23 27 30 40
ENTHALPY - KJ PER KILO GRAM O F DRY AIR
50
3-52 English Units
(a),(b) See above
(c) Q 2
12 =221,243 Btu/hr
= 4103cfm ; q
q 34 = 67,498 Btu/hr; q 23 = 52,502 Btu/hr
3-53 English Units
(a) s (ir -is ); m

q=m s = 5000 x 60/13.2 = 22,727 lba/hr
(specific volume value of 13.2 ft3/lbm is assumed.)
55
is = ir - q /m
s =28.2 10 x 12,000 / 22,727 = 22.9 Btu/lba
t s = to = 57.5 F; Ws =Wo = 0.0083 lbv/lba
m r 0m
m
(b) = = 0.462 r
m 0r
m s
m
r =0.462 x 22,727 = 10,500 lba/hr

m
o = 22,727 10,500 = 12,227 lba/hr

m
= 10,500 x 13.68/60 = 2,394 cfm

Q r
= 12,227 x 12.11/60 = 2,468 cfm

Qo
m r 0'm'
(c) = =0.578
m'
m 0'r
r =0.578 x 22,727 = 13,131 lba/hr; m

m o' = 9,596 lba/hr
=13,131 x 13.68/60 = 2,994 cfm; Q

Q = 9,596 x 13.48/60
r o'
= 2,156 cfm
(d) q c = m
s (im' -is ) = 22,727 (28.4 - 22.8) = 127,271 Btu/hr
56

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
0.8 300 0
-
0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0
8 .0
-1 00 0
45
-8
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE 55
MP
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
1150 80
1 000
.020
ENTHAL PY 'h
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Problem 3-53
Y
F
R
-
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
90 %
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
0'
TH
N
.012
E
65
14
60
50 %
.0 V
%
90 m'
OL
UME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
r
U.F
%
70
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
s %
L B.
60
13
DR
45
.5
15 ADP 50
YA
%
50 .006
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40 m .004
43 (6)
1 3.
30%
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
0 70 (21)
IVE H UM IDIT
Y
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
40 (4) 57.5 (14)

3-53 SI Units
(a) ts = 14.2C; Ws = 0.0083 kgv/kga
=1.17m3 s
=1.13m3 s ; Q
(b) Qr o
=1.41m3 s ; Q
(c) Q =1.02m3 s
r o'
(d) q c = 37.3 kW
3-54 (a) Any combination that will yield
an enthalpy less than 57.0 kJ/kga or 33 Btu/lba

57
s = 5 / 0.84 = 5.95 kga/s = m

(b) m r
o mr
m
= =0.36
r 0r
m
o = 0.36 x 5.95 = 2.14 kga/s

m
= 2.14 x 0.852 = 1.82 m3 /s = 3,857cfm

Qo
(c) tad = 15.4 C or 60F
o /q n = (im -is )/(ir -is ) = 1.0 (Essentially, no difference)

(d) q

11 0 12
30
R
Copyright 1992
10 0
28
SEA LEVEL 30
0 .9
1.0 1 .0
4
12 0
0 .8 1 .5 26
-5.0 90
10 .0
0.7 2. 0
- 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -2.0 30
WE
TOTAL HEAT Qt TB
0.5 UL
-4.0 BT
5.0 -2 .0 0.0 EM 24
0. 4 PE
0.6 -1.
0
80
R AT
UR
E-
0. 3
4. 0 1 .0 C
-0 .5
11 0
0.2
-0.2
0 22
0 .1
0 .9
2
3 .0
2 .0
70 25
2.5
20
ENT HAL PY 'h
HU MIDIT Y RATIO 'W
10 0
25
18
60
57
R
0 .9
AI
Y
0
R
Problem 3-54
C
D
16
F
O
E
R
AM
TU
R
50
A
G
20 90
ER
O
IL
P
EM
K
R
14
E
N
P
0
O
J
HUMIDITY RATIO - G RAM S M OISTURE PER KI LO GR AM D RY AIR

TI
-K
m2
A
r
Y
0
LP
TU
0 .8
A
40
SA
TH
8
N
12
E
90
s% 80
15
% 10
30 80
0 .8
15
6V
%
70
OL
8
U
10
ME
%
20 60 70
-C
UB
0. 8
10
IC M
0%
4
5 6
5
ET
ER
40 %
PE
0 .8
10 5
Rk
4
2
gD
3 0%
60
RY
0 .8
20 (68)
A IR
20 %
0
2
0 .7
IVE HUM ID ITY

8
10% RE LAT
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
50
5
10 20 30 40 50
18 (64) 25 (77) ENTHALPY - KJ PER KI LO GRAM O F DRY AIR
58
424,000
3-55 SHF = = -4
530,000 424,000
Construct condition line on
Chart 1a with preheat and
mixing processes.
sen = -424,000 = m
(a) q sc p (t r -t s )
424,000
s =
m = 88,333 lba/hr
0.24 (75 95)
=88,333 x 14.07/60 = 20,714 cfm or 9.8 m3 /s

Q s
m r hm
(b) = r = 0.33 x 88,333 lba/hr
=0.33; m

mm hr
= 29,150 x 13.68/60 = 6,646 cfm or 3.14 m3 /s

r =29,150 lba/hr; Q
m r
h
m
h = 0.67 x 88,333
=1 0.33 = 0.67; m
m
m
= 59,183 x 13.1/60
h = 59,183 lba/hr; Q
m h
= 12,922 cfm or 6.1 m3 /s (at heated condition)

Q h
(c) q ph =m
hc p (th -t o ) = 59,183 x 0.24 (60-35)
355,098 Btu/hr or 104 kW

q=
(d) q m =88,333 x 0.24 (95 - 65) = 635,998 Btu/hr or 186 kW
59

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
T OTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
-1.
-4 LB
0
0 TE
MP
55
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
- 0.4
50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
35 50
14 .5
.018
75
IR
A
Y
F
R
70 .016
D
Problem 3-55
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B

R
Y
TU
P
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60
90
% 50 %
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80 60 r 40
20
-C
55
U.F
%
70
T. P
20 % .008
ER
50 55
%
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15
YA
50 % .006
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40 m .004
1 3.
30%
35
0
s
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
0 h IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
35 (2) 60 (16) 75 (24) 95 (35) ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
3-56 Refer to chart 1a.
(a)
q 34 = m x 60 (i -i )
a3 (i4 -i3 ) = Q3 4 3
v3
x q 34v 3 (1750 x 13.23)

Q3 =
60(i4 -i3 ) 60(28.1-23)
= 75.7 or 76 cfm = 0.040 m3 /s

Q3
60
(b) t3db = 58.5 F and 80% RH or 15 C
= 31
(c) Q 2 ; Q3 = 0.754 x 75.7 = 57 cfm or 0.028 m3 /s
12
= 76 - 57 = 19 cfm or 0.012 m3 /s
Q1

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
SEA LEVEL 60
1.0 1 .0 85
1 5 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2.0 -2 00 0
-
0.8 300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
Qs
Qt
4 .0
8 .0
-1 00 0
45
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE
MP 55
0. 3
E
-0 .5
RA
50
- 0.4
80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HAL PY 'h
35 50
90 %
14 .5
.018
Problem 3-56 75
IR
A
Y
70
R
70 .016
D
E
F
30
50 %
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
HUMI DITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR

1
R
Y
TU
P
62
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
ME
% .010
80 60 40
20
-C
55
U.F
70
% 4
T. P
.008
ER
50 55
3 %
L B.
60
1 3 .5
DR
45 50
15 2
YA
%
50 .006
IR
40
45 35
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10
50 58.5
15
75 84 20 25
ENTHALPY - BT U PER PO UND O F DRY AIR
3-57 (a) Refer to Chart 1
A reheat system is required. Process 1-2 is for the coil. Process 3-4
is defined by the SHF = 0.5
Process 2-3 represents the required heat.
61
State 3 is defined by the intersection of the reheat and space
condition lines.
(b)
x 60
Q
q 34 = m
a3 (i4 -i3 ) = 3 (i4 -i3 )
v3
= q 34 v 3 = 100,000 x 13.4
Q 3
60(i4 -i3 ) 60(28.2-23.9)
= 5,194 cfm or 2.5 m3 /s

Q 3
(c)
5,194 x 60
q 12 = m
a (i1-i2 ) = (34.2-20.2)
13.4
q 12 = 325,594 Btu/hr or 95.4 kW
5,194 x 60
q 23 = (23.9-20.2)
13.4
q 23 =86,050 Btu/hr or 25.2 kW
62

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
Copyright 1992 90
50 .028
1.0
SEA LEVEL 1 .0
60
85
15
50 00 0 .8 .026
.0
2.0 -2 00 0
-
300 0 0. 6 SENSIB LE HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 00 0
8 .0 45
TOTAL HEAT Qt
0 .5 -8
-4 .0.0 85
-2. 0 WE .024
200 0. 4 0 T BU
0 -1. LB
0 TE 55
MP
0. 3
-0 .5
RA
- 0.4
50 80 TU
-0.3
0
0.2
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F .022
0 .1
0 40
15
00
80
1 000
.020
ENT HALPY 'h
35 50
14 .5
.018
Problem 3-57 75
IR
A
Y
F 70
R
-
70 .016
D
E
F
30
R
O
TU
D
N
A
U
ER
50 %
PO
P
M
R
45
TE
PE
70 .014
N
U
O
T
65
TI
-B
HUMI DITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR

Y
62 1
P
TU
AL
25
SA
TH
N
.012
E
65
1 4 .0
60 %
90
VO
LU
56
ME
% .010
20 80 60
40
-C
55
4
U.F
%
70
T.
PE
.008
50 55
RL
%
60
B. D
2 3
13
ADP45
R
.5
15 50
YA
%
50 .006
IR
40 35
45
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3.
35
0
20 %
.002
1 2.
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
5
10% RE LAT
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
66
10 15 20 25
45 51 75 85 ENTHALPY - BT U PER PO UND OF DRY AIR
3-58 Assume room temperature humidity of 50%
and layout the state &
processes on
required from point c to s.
Supply Air:
sc p (t s -tr )
q sen = 120,000 x 0.5 = 60,000 Btu/hr = m
60,000
s =
m = 53,192 lba/hr
0.24 (75-70.3)
63
=53,192 x 16.33/60 = 14,477 cfm or 6.8 m3 /s

Q s
Mixed Air:
o = 53,192 x 0.333 = 17,703 lba/hr

m
= 17,713 x 17.2/60 = 5,078 cfm or 2.4 m3 /s

Q o
r = 53,192 17,713 = 35,479 lba/hr

m
=35,479 x 16.5/60 = 9,757 cfm or 4.6 m3 /s

Q r
Reheat:
q rh = m
c c p (t s -t c ) = 53,192 x 0.24 (70.3-55.2)
= 192,768 Btu/hr or 56.5 kW
Coil:
q c =m
m (im -ic ) = 53,192 (34.4 - 24.2) = 542,558 Btu/hr or 159 kW
( 200,412 190,109 )100

= = 5 .1 %
200,412
64

55 60
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
85
R
Copyright 1992 50
.028
5000 FEET 60
1 8 .0
80
1.0 1 .0
50 00 0 .8 .026
2. 0 -2 000 45
-
300 0 0 .6 SENSIBL E HEAT Qs 4 .0 -1 000
8 .0 80
TOTAL HEAT Qt WE
0 .5 -8
-4.0.0 T BU
-2. 0 LB .024
0. 4 0 TE
0.6 MP
200
-1 ER
.0
75
0
AT 55
75 U RE
0. 3
-0 .5
-
-0 .4
50 40 F
- 0.3
0
0.2
-0 .2
0.5 0
-0 .1
.022
0 .1
15
17 .5
00
10 00
75 50 %
.020
ENTHALPY 'h
35 70
50
.018
R
F
AI
- 70
RY
E
UR
D
AT
F
O
65
Problem 3-58 30
90 %
ER
ND
.016
P
U
M
PO
TE
17 .0
R
N
PE
O
TI
TU
RA
65 45
-B
.014
TU
m
Y
SA
60
LP
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR

A
25
TH
EN
.012
60
%
55 90
%
r 16
80 .5 V .010
20 40
55
50 c s
OL
%
70
U
ME
-C
.008
45 50 %
U .F
60
T. P
15
ER
16 .0
40 45 %
50
LB
.006
.D
35 40 35
R
4 0%
YA
IR
35
.004
30 %
1 5 .5
20%
10% RELA
TIV E HUMID
I TY 70 (21) .002
30
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
10 15 20 25
Exerpts from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-prort basis for
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Requests for permission or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, John
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Chapter 4
4-1 (a) comfortable

(b) too warm
(c) comfortabe
(d) too dry
4-2 (a) comfortable

(b) too warm
(c) comfortable
(d) too dry
4-3 (a) Assume sedentary dry bulb of 78 F, clo = o.5, met. = 1 .8,
using equation 4-4a, to,act = 75 - 5.4(1 + 0.5)(1.8 - 1 .2) = 71 F
Relative humidity should be less than 50%
(b) Should wear a S\/eater or light jacket and slacks.
(clo = 0.8)
4-4 Use fig 4-1
(a) Summer, to = 76 F or 24 C; Winter, to = 72 F or 22 C
(b) Use equation 4-4a aS a guide, \/ith clo = 0.2,
met = 3.0, tdb :76 F

o/
t to =76 -5.4 (1+0.2)(3-1.2) = 64 F [winterorSummer]

4-5 From fig 4-3 temperature can rise about3.2 F.(j.g C)
t=68 +3.2=71.2 Fort=20+ 1.8= 21.8C
4-6 From fig 4-3 @200 fpm, temp rise 5.3 F (2.9 C)
with t,,"-t _ 9 F (5 c), temp rise 6.5 F (3.6 c)
4-7 to = (t, +t^r)|2, then using Eq. 4-1
T,fn ='6* C\l2 g _Tr) = (53s)4 +(O.103 x 109) (4o)12(78_74)
tmft:82For27'8C
to=(74+82)2 = 78F or25.6C
4-8 Compute the operative temperature, to
,xn = 4q4 + (O.103 x 1o911eo11/'(o _76)= 83.5 F or 28.6 C
to = (84 +76)12= 79.8 F or 26.5 C
From Fig 4-1, to = 79'8 F and 50 % R.. is out of the comfort
zone. Recommend lowering to to about 77 F or 25 C.
tu x72 F
4-9 Use Eq. 4-4 to estimate a value of the operative temperature
to, active, assuming to for sedentary activities is 78 F (25.6 C)
with met = 2.0. to, active = 78 - 5.4 (1 + 0.5) (2 - 1.2) = 71.5 F, (22C)
Exerpts fiom this work may be reprdued by instrutors for distribution on a not-1br-proit basis for testing or instrutiona puoses only to
students enrolled in urses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproduction r trnstion of this wrk beynd ha permited
by Secions 107 r ]08 ofthe 976 Unied Stqes CopriPh cwithou he oermission fthe cpyrigh wner is unlful.
s an approximation
Tmrt = 2To _, and Tflx = Tno * ci121Tg _ ,
) Eq ' (4-1)
eliminating Tmrt between the 2 equations
2(o_T3)4 = Tno *CV1/21n _Tr)
where all temperatures are absolute
Solve by trial and error with T, =72+ 460 = 532 R
and Te =(71.5+460)=531.5 R, C=0.103 x 1Oe, V=30
ta=85F(30C)
Cold surroundings require high ambient air temperature
for comfort, even with high activity level.
4-10 (a) Most occupants will be uncomfortable because the relative
humidity is more than 60%, even with trx = t,
(b) The lightest weight possible. Short sleeves, shorts,
open neck, etc.
(c) Lower relative humidity if possible by adjusting the cooling
system to remove more moisture. Coud also increase the
relative air motion to highest values, perhaps use fans.
4-11 (a) Even if the suit was heavy weight, many executives would be
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students enrolld in ourses for which th tetbook has been adpted. ny other reproducion or trnstion f his rk beyond ht permitted
by Secions ] 07 or 108 o{ the ] 97 6 United Sttes Copyrigh c ithout the permissin of the coyright oner is unfu.
cool if sedentary.
(b) Would definitely be cold, especialy hands and feet.
(c) Probably would be comfortable in typical work cothes
(d) Probably would be comfortable since they would keep
their coats on and would be walking around.
(e) Cold to very cold
4-12 Determine relative temperatures difference between inside and outside.

68 - 45 23
=
7 4 _ 45 29 Costs are79o/o of that for increased setting, or
74 - 45 29 Costs are increased by

- 45 23
26o/o if thermostat is raised.
68
4-13 Too much air motion in the cold winter months tends to cause drafts and
make people uncomfortabe. Air velocity just sufficient to prevent large
temperature gradients from floor to ceiling is best for winter. he opposite
is true for hot summer months. Higher air velocity tends to compensate
for high temperature and humidity.
4-14 (a) Raising the chiled water temperature will cause the cooling coil to
operate with a higher surface temperature and the relative humidity in
the space will tend to rise if the latent heat gain is signifcant such as
would be the case with many occupants, this could lead to
u ncomfortable cond itions.
(b) Yes, during the unoccupied hours the space load may be almost totaly
erpts from thrs work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adopled' ny other reproducion or rnsion of this rk beynd h permied
by Sections ] 07 or 108 f the 97 6 United Sttes Copyright c ithu he permissin f the cpyright oner is unlful.
Sensibe heat gain and the load is much less than the design value. ln
this case the chiled water temperature may be increased.
4-15 hese fans may bring air down in the Summer, increasing the
velocity of air in the occupied zone and providing improved comfort.
ln the winter, air may be drawn upward, pushing the warm air at the
ceiling downward where it can increase the temperature in the
occupied zone without increasing significantly the air motion below
the fan.
4'16 (a) able 4-2 gives a minimum required amount of ventilation air
of 15 ft3 /min per occupant. this is the minimum amount of
outdoor air that should be used under any circumstances.
Therefore, (Qo)rin = 15(30) = 450 ft3/min
(b) on the basis of floor area, the occupancy woud be 25 and the
minimum ventilation requirement would be
Q, = 15 (25) = 375 ft3 /min. lt would be better to design for

floor area if lowest air flow is desired. With 30 actua student air
flow is such a case woud be insufficient.
4-17 Use Eq. 4-5, Solving for C,
Cs = (QtC" + N)/Qt = C" + (N/at)
= (2001196 + (O.25l9o)
478 x 1o-6 = 478 ppm
XctS from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distribution on a not_tbr-profit basis for tosting or instrutional purposes only to
students enoled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny her reprduction or rnsin of his ork beyond ha permied
by Secions ] 07 or 1 08 of he 97 6 Unied Stes Copyrigh c w ithul the permission of the cpyrigh oner is unlful.
or using Sl Units
c, = (2oo / 106)+ (0. 118 t 0.472x 9OO)
= (2OO / 106) + (278 t 106):478 ppm
4-18 n = number of people to occupy a room
N=n(5.Oml/s)
Solving Eq. 4-5 for
N = Qt (C, - C") = n (5.0) ml/s-Person
n : Qt (C, - C") / (5.0)
: 2.8 (1000-280) / 5.
n = 403 persons or 0.0069 m3 /s - person
For English Units:
n= 6000 (1oOO - 28Ox 10-6) / O.O107
= 404 persons or 14.8 cfm/person
4-19 Use the M-100 media of fig. 4-8. From table 4-3, select a
12x24 x 8 unit; 650 cfm, P = 0.4 in. wg
At P = 0.25 in. wg. each unit will handle
Q = Ql |o'25 o.40]1l2 = 650 [O.25 t o'4oJ1l2
:514 cfm/unit. Then the number of units
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Studnts enroed in ourses for which the tetbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or rnston f his ork beyond ht permied
by Secions 1 07 r 1 08 of he 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh c lithu he permission f the copyright oner is unful.
;g =(2000 l 514) = 3.89 or 4. This is a satisfactory number.
4-20 Use the M-100 media from Tabe 4-3 select a O.3 x O.6 x-O.2 unit.
This is rated at 0.3 m'/s with 1oo pa pressure drop.
t P 60 pa the alowabte flow rate for each unit would be
=
Q = (0.3) (60/1 OOf tz = 0.23 m3/s

1.OO m3/s woud require 1'Oolo'23 = 4'34 units. This requires at
east 5 filter units, but since this is an odd number, recommend
using six units.
Trying the 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.2 filter the allowable flow per unit would be
Q = (0.62) (60/1}q1t2 =
0.48 This would require more than two
units of this size. conomies would determine the best choice.
4-21 Solving q' 4-1O for Q
Q = Qr [P / P,]1'2 = 9OO [o'1 l0'15]1|2 =735 cfm/module

N = ss00/235 = T.4g [must be integer] Use g modules
Ve = Q/ =
(2)(8)= 344fpm '|-
= 5.7 fps
4-22 Solving q' 4-1O for Q
Q = Qr [P / P,J1l2 = (o'42) |24 l 37 '4]1t2 = 0.336
m=(2.8)/0.336=8.3
Use 9 modules, a 3 x 3 arrangement.
Excets from this work may be eprodued by instructors for'distribution on a not_1br-proit

basis for testing or instructiona purposes only t
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny
other ,rpr:orl'u"on or trnsion of this work beyond th permilec
by Sectins 1 07 or 108 f the ] 976 t]nied SteS Copyr?ht c w-ithut
thi permis'" oj n, copyrigh wner i unlful.
/3
a (2.8)m3 /s
=1.73m1s
VelocitY =
FAc AREA (0.3)(0.6)(e)m2
4-23 M-200; 0.6x0.6 xO.2; O.4Om3 /s/module
Use Eq. 4-10
P = ta / Q.]' :1OO lO,4OtO.42l2 =90.7 Pa
Velocity
a 0.4
=2.22m1s
=
A (0,3)(o 6)
4-24 No solution exists due to the fixed air quantity for the unit. This
part of the problem is intended to show the student that typical
direct expansion equipment cannot be used in this \May. lt also
shows that the load due to outdoor air is very large.
4-25
exhaust
sHF= 0.7
ho : o'25 rh"; Locate point 1 on psychrometric Chart at82'4 F db and
66.8 F wb
it = 31.4 Btu / lbm and v1 = 13.9 ft3 /lbm

fbr tSting o instructional puosS only to
Exerpts from this wrk nay be reproduced by instructors fo distribution on a nt-for-proftt basis
students errrolled in courses fbr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprodicrion
or rnstion f his wrk beynd h permited
by Sectins 107 r ]08 ofthe t976 Llnited Sttes Copyrilht ctv,ithut he pemissin ofhe copyright oner
is unlful'
74
Q1, = rhi (ii - is) = at /V (60) (i1 - is)
l 35 12,ooo Qls , = (350 l 12'000) (6 / v1) (i1 _i.)

=
''''J8?r;
is = 31 .- '' = 23'46 Btu / lbm
Locate on psychrometric chart' ts = 65'6 F db' 55'5 F wb
Q.r = lil, (ir. - is) = 36'000; ir =27 '6 Btu / lbm
:8695'7 lb / hr
tr, = il1 = ^
-- 23.46)
(27 .6
O, rh, (vr, 1940 cfm

= =
(13.4) =
Qt" = 8695.7 (31.4 - 23.46) = 69,000 Btu / hr = 5.75 tons
Qr = 5.75 (350) = 2014 cfm
() Design filters for 2014 cfm, use M-200 media of fig 4-8.
Try the 24x24x8 units of table 4-3. 920 cfm @0.4 in. wg.
For max. P of 0'125 in.wat.

1t2
Q = 920 [0. 125 tO.4O] =514 cfm / module;
n = 2014 I 514 = 3'92, use 4 modules
4-26 Use the M-15 media, = 93 % from fig' 4-3'
From table 4-2,60 cfm / person is required, outdoor air.
purpses only to
on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional
Excerpts tiom this work nay be reproduced by instructors fr distribution work beyond th permied
or trnslionf ths
students enrolled in ourses for which tl-e textbook -,u, ..n uopt"J '
ny oher reprduction
c thi permission ofhe copyright oner is unlwfu'
by Sectins ] 07 r 108 o7 he-|97|6 tJnited Sttes Copyrigh \,'ithout
75
--
A fresh air balance on the filter gives QrEt + Qo = Qs
where Q,. is recirculated air, Qs is outdoor air and
Q. is supply air.
8, = (60 - 20) 10.93 = 43.0; Q, = 43.0 +20 = 63.0 cfm / person
or the total amount of air supplied is
Q = 63.0 x 55 = 3465 cfm; Try the 12x24x8 unit of table 4-3
Q/unit=9oO[O'1 /O.35]12=481 cfm; n =4755 l481
= 7 .2 modules
Use 8 modules [Note: The M-24 media could also be used]
4-27 Q, = (25 - 15) / 0.S = 12.5 cfm / person
. = 15 + 12.5 = 27 .5 cfm / person
4-28 Filter location is B, figure 4-9
Use Eq. 4-12, solve for RQ.. since
RQ = { -QoEv[C, _(1_Et)Co] + N}/ (EvEfcS)
RQr={-2OOxO.85[180-(1-0.8)0.0]+(10x150x35'32)]l
(0.85 x 0.8 x '180) where Co = 0.0
RQr = 185 ft3 / min or cfm
for-testing or instrutional puoses only t

Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-ibr-profit basis
textbook has been adopted. ny other reprodiction or rnslin of this ork beyond h permitted
students enroed in ourses fr which the
by Sectins 07 or 1 08 f the 976 tJnited Stes Copyrght c iithout the permissin of he copyrigh oner is unl.ful'
76
Qo = 2OO cfm, Qs : (1S5 + 2OO) = 385 cfm
4-2g Solve q' 4-11 for RQ,
RQr = (_Qo)(Eu)(cr)+ N / rEiC,
RQr = [ (-20) (0.65) (220) + (125) (35.32 ft3/m3)]

(0.65X0.7)(220)
RQ.
' =(0.65)(0.7)(220)
-9-*_!1!5^, = 15.53 cfm/person
4-3o For filter location A, use q. 4-1 1, solving for RQ,
RQr = (-QoEvCs + N) / (EvEfCs)
RQr = t (-2OO (0.85) 180) + (10 x 120 x 35.32 ft3/m3 )l t
(0.85 x 0.8 x '180 )
RQr = 183 cfm, Qo = 2OO cfm; d, = 383 cfm
4-31 (a) This type of space will require a high ventilation (supply air)
rate to handle the load, air cleanliness is not the main criterion.
Therefore, a low efficiency filter with low pressure drop is
acceptable. From table 4-2, assume occupancy will be about 30
persons / l OOO ft2. So the total design occupancy is 90
persons. he design will be based on this occupancy although
the cooling requirements may dictate a larger supply air rate.
Excets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors 1br distribution n a not-fr-prfit basls for testing r instructinal purposes only to
students enroled in courses or which the textbok has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or trnstion of his ork beyond
ht permitted
by Secins 1 07 or ] 08 of the 97 6 [Jnied Sttes Cpyright c thout the permissin f he copyright oner is unlful.
77
A ''fresh air'' balance on the filter gives , = (Q" _ Qo) / Ef
d," = (20 -15) / 0.5 = 10 cfm / person recirculation rate
4-31 (continued)
, : 1O + 1 5 =25 cfm / person supply rate
Q = 25 x 90 = 2250 cfm total supply rate
Net face area, f = 2250 / 35o = 6'43 ft2
(b) A higher efficiency would reduce the total amount of air and
reduce the required face area. However this is not desirable in
this case. First the filter system would have to be enlarged to
handle the greater amount of air. A lower filter efficiency could
be used and still maintain the required air quality.
For example, suppose the load dictates 4000 cfm instead of
2250 cfm, then for 90 PeoPle
, = 4ooo / 90 = 44'4 cfm / person
Using a minimum of 15 cfm / person of outdoor air.
Qr. = 44.4 - 15 = 29 '4 cfm / Person
8. = 29.4: (20 - 1s) / Er

Et = 5 29'4 : 0'17 or 17o required
l5x
225 people
4-32 (a) Q= (Q, / v) 60 (i|. -ir) I
75F
RH=5%
xerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit b
studes enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reprduction
by Sections ] 07 or ] 08 of he 1976 Unied SteS Copyrigh c )ithou he permission fhe cop;
125,0
78
x13 ft3 / ba
. = (125,oOo x13) [ 60 x (28 - 1e.4 )]
Qs = 3,149 cfm
(b) , = o = 15 x225
, = 3,375 cfm
-D 50 52
(c) Q. must be 3,375 cfm, find ne\/ Supply air condition
125,000 = (3,375 I 13) 60 (28 - i.)
i' = 28 - (125,000 x 13 ) / ( 3,375x 60) = 20 Btu i lba
Locate new condition on chart aS Sho\/n' Coil must cool oDA
down to this new condition.
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students enroed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny her reproduction or rnsation of his work beyond th permitted
by Sections 107 r ]08 ofhe )976 Unied SeS Cpyright ct withut the permissin fhe cpyright o]ner unl:wful.
Exets from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for
testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrlled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsltin of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections 07 or ]0B
of the 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright owner is unlwful.
Requests for permission or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment' John
Wiley & Sns, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 5
5-'1 (a) k = Cx =0.2 4 =O.8 (Btu _ in) / ( hr - ft2 _ F)

(b) k = 1 .14 x 0.1 = 0.114 W / (m-C)
5-2 (a) C=k l

x=o.3o / 5.5 = o.o55 Btu / 1ft2-nr_ 11
(b) C = O.O43 / . 14 = .307 W/ (m2 _ C)
5-3 (a) R = 1lC= 1/0.055 = 18.3 (ft'- hr- F)/ Btu
R' = R l A= 1 l CA= 18.3/ 10 = 0.183 ( hr-F)/Btu

(b) R ='1 I .307 = 3.26(m'-C)/W
R'=3.26l9.3=0.35C/W
5-4 R= Ri , Rgyp =1C=1l3'1=o'32

Rbtd = !0.33 = 3.03; Rair = 0.68 R-0.68 R=0.68
R = 0.68 + 0.32+ 3.03 + 0.32+ 0.68
R=0.32
R = 5.03 (hr- ft2- F) / Btu
tnb
2
n2
5-5 R'= +
2k| 2koL
AssumeL=1ft
k:0'2 Btu - in' t(ft2 _hr_F); kp =314 Btu-in te _hr_F)
81
lnside Surface (7 m/s ) 0120

overalI hermal Resis. = 0.652 m2clW
5-10 Between Frame t Framinq

Outside Surface 0.17 0.17
4 in. Face Brick 0.65 0.65
Sheathing 1.32 1.32
lnsulation 1 1.0
2x4 stud 4.27
Gypsum board 0.32 0.32
lnside surface .68 0.68
otal 14.14 7.41
UA:U1; +U11, U = UiAi / + U11/A

r 14'5 A' =L
A =
16^nd A =lan
16 R
110 " :
, = "14.14)
-)- " +1=
116 7.41J
0 o77Btu / (r',..-tt' -r)
5-11 An ordinary walt with = O.9 has a unit resistance of 0.68. A

highIy reflective wall, = O.05, has a unit resistance of 1'70.
Assume radiation heat transfer is zero for reflective wall. hen
the resistance due to convection alone is approximately
Rc=1.7; hc=1/Rc=0.59; h.*r:1/0'68 = 1'47
Frac. Conv. = ha lh. *, = 0.59 I 1'47 = 0'4
by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only t

"'.;.;;;1l;l,,.o,rr.r'r-
xerpts from this work may be reprodued
has been adopted' ny ther reprcluclin o^:.:::Ei::::":!,::i:,i'''y''o"!:*!
*nh texibook
the
-, - - ,
82
5-12 ssume 15 mphwind. Rr (2 x 6) RzQ x 4\

1. Outside surface, 15 mPh 0'17 0'17
2. Siding 0'79 0'79
3. Sheathing 1'32 1'32

4. lnsulation, 19'0 11'0
2x4 4'27
2x6 6.7
5. GYPsum wall board 0'32 0'32

6. lnside surface 0.68 0'68
Total 28.98 18'55
Ut = 0.035 Btu / (hr - ft2 - F)
2 __O.o54 Btu / 1lr - ft2 - F1
% DiffereC = [o'O5-4r_0-035) '' ool = 35'2

[ )'0.0s
5-13 Air space will be near the indoor temperature with small
t across the air Space.
Use t."rn = 50 F and t = 10 F and read
R = 1.oz(rrr -f( -r) I Atu [Tabte S-3a] or 0.18 m2clW
5-14 Assume tr"rn = 50 F; t = 10 F
R = 3.55 (hr - ft2 _F) / Btu or 0.62 (.2 _c/W) [abte 5-3a]
5-15 qc/ = U"t

Find U for highly reflective surfaces because radiation will be
minimal. This will give a good approximation for the convection
component. From Table 5-2a,l1orz', heat flow down
83
Uc=1/R = 1l(2x4.55) = 0'11
q./
or
" --l'
U^ _ = o.625; q. / = 0.625(63 - 43) = 12'5 W/m2
(2x0
, _ '4
|l _[ l' 'l
/ a '.4l
Q/A..
l(
='n'L1oO] l _1o] l'
-]'
for 1= t2=O'9, E : 0.82, '

o
(q/A),. = O.1 713 x9.s2 t635 _s.ol
m
Radiation heat transfer is about 10 times greater'
5-16 U* = O.O7 Btu / (hr - tt2 - 11
Ud = O.4O Btu / (hr - ft2 - F)

g'
Uwin = O'81 Btu / (hr - ft2 - F)
Ad = 17 '78 ft2; Awin =25'0 ft2; 20'

* = 117 '2 f(
Parallel heat flow Paths
U = U*A* + U66 + U*;n*in

I I_
(o.O7 x117'2) + (O.4 x 17.78) + (0'81 x25'0)
117.2
= O.3O Btu /(hr - f( _F) or about 1 '72\ t(m' _ c)
5-17 q/ = U(ti _to)
a not-for-profit basis fo testing or instructiona] purposes ony to

Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on
uJo|t.. ny her reprucion or rnstion of his work beyond h penitted
students enrolled in courses tbr wbich the texibook has been : : -'- -.41-^ ^^^'',.:/a! ^''''av;" "'-6!$
84
From Table 5-4b, construction 2, R = 8.90 (hr - ft2 - F) / Btu
Assume insulation does not fitl the airspace'
Remove R for metal bath and plaster of 0.47 (f''. tt' - f)/Btu and
\"' - )
add R for acoustical tile and insulation'

Ceiling, R" = 1 / 0'8; insulation' R='1 1'00;
R1e61=20.68; U = 1/R = 0'048 Btu / (hr - ft2 -Fi

q/ = o'o48 (72 - 5) = 3'22 B / (hr _ ft2)
5-18 From Table 5-4a, Construction 1
Uw= 9!+=oe71wr(m2-c)
0.1761 \ /
Ud = 2.27 Wl(m2 -a)' Table 5-8
Uwin = 4'62w1(m2 - Table 5-5b

")'
w = 35 m2;win =8m2;d = 2m2
U = U*A* + U6 + + Uwinwin
1x35) (2.27x2) (4'62x8)

- c)
+
u _ Q.e7
+
-_ 2.16 w I (m2
35
5-19
U = O.14 Btu / (hr _ ft2 _ F1able5 _ 4a, Construction No. 2
R=1O.14 = 7'14, Rn =7'14_(1 to'44) + (1/0.55) =6.69

Un = 0.15 Btu/(h r - ft2 - F) or about .85 W l 1m2-c1
5-20 ssume ardwood, k = 1.25 (Btu-in) / (hr - ft2 - F)

Summer Winter
R = 0.68 Ri = 0.68
not-for_profit basis for testing or nstructiona purposes only to

Excts from thts work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a
reprouction or rfistion of his ork beyond th permied
students enolled in courses for which the tetbok has been adopted. ny ther
85
R = '1
'375 l 1.25 R = 1 '375 l 1'25
Ro = 0.25 Ro = 0.17
R, = 2.03 R* = '1.95
U, =0.49 Btu / (hr-ft2 -F) U* =0.51 Btu /(hr-ft2-F)

Both values are greater than the value given in
able 5-8 of O.39 Btu / (hr _ ft2 - F), but acceptable.
5-21 Computed: Ri = 0.68, Rs = 0.03 (estimate); Ro = 0.25

Ri +RgaRo=0.96=R
U = 1.04 Btu / (hr - tt2 -r); or 5.92 wl(m2 -c) computed
Utub : 1.O4 Btu / (hr - t2 _r); Table 5-5a
or 5.91 \ l(m2 _c); Table 5_5b; Same result

\ /'
5-22 (a) From Table 5-5 U=1.08 Btu / 1nr - ft2 - F)
(b) ssume tr"rn : 50 F; t = 10 F
Ras = 1.ol (nr -f( -r) r atu
Rn ' ., = ++
=U-R', 1.og
1 .O1 = 1'94, Un = O.52 Btu/1lr-ft2-F)
5-23 (a) Uw = o.o89 Btu /(hr - tt2 _ 11 or O.51 W/(m2 _ c)ale 5-9
l l-
,.Jfl _ .o29 Btu
-'L) lJur\ll/ (hr --Lft2 _F)
_|
l or O'16 W/
Jlv'l\J vYl1l (-'_c)
-)
ante 5-1o
(b) Q=U(ti _tg); tr= t"ur-A
xerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or trnsltion f his ork beyond tht permited
..-_''r-] ^_':'_^'- ! ^'.'. ^'.4'
86
tavg =35'8 F (2'44 C) Table 5-11}Chicao.lllinois

A :22 F (12 C) Figure 5-7 )
*
5-23 (continued)
tg__35'8-22 = 13.8; t:72re2c)
q* = 0.89 (4 x 20 x7) (72 - 1 3'8) = 2,900 Btu / hr or 0.85 kW
qn = 0.029 (20 x20) (72 - 13.8) = 675 Btu /hr or 0.2 kW
5-24 R" = R1, Un = 0.029 Table 5-10
Rrin = 1l 0.48 Table 5-1a (Fibrous Pad)
Re 2.08 36.6
=
#"+ =
U" = 0.027 Btu / (hr - ft2 - F) or 0.16 Wl(m'z - C)
5-25 (a) R*=:

"0089+11+ (1
\ t g.1) = 22.6
U* = 0.044 Btu/(hr-ftu-F) or 0.25 w1m2-c)
Rf =
-:
0029
+ (1 tO.4s):\ 36.6
Un = 0.027 Btu/(hr - tt2 -f) or 0.155 Wl(m'z-c)

(b) Refer to problem solution 5-23
Q* = 0.044 (4 x20 x7) (72 - 13.8) = 1434 Btu / hr or 0'42k\^
Qn = 0 027 (20 x20) (72 - 13.8) = 629 Btu / hr or 0.18 kW
5-26 Rins =
# = 4'1z (rrr _f( _r)l tu
C = O.24Btu/(hr -'f( -F) or 1.36 Wl(m'z - c)
Excerpts fom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-prfit basis for testing r instructional purposes only to
studentsenrolledincoursesforwhichthetextbokhasbeenadopted. nyherreproductionrrnstionofhisrkbeyondhpermied
'l-''':'''
bSecti.s1[]7ny nn{t]o 1076'b;l.)l-l-"/-^4'-')-"} :"'''.^''' l / .*'
87
Then from Fig. 5-8, U' = 0.85 Btu/(hr -f( -F) or 1.47 W(m-C)
Q= U'P (ti - to) = 0.85 x 300172 -101 = 15,8'10 Btu/hr or 4.63 kW
5-27 t = 72 F (22 C) Assumed
R" = R5 + R1, Ub = o.52 Btu / 1nr -tt2 _ 11 Table 5-9
Rfi,.,, =R1 +Ru6*Rqyp=(5.0) + 0.0 +(1 12.22) = 7.22
R^- 1 +7.22=26.5
- 0.052
U" = o.o38 Btu / (hr -ft2 _F) or o'22l(m'z_c)
5-28 Ub : 1.14 from Table 5-9
Rn = ++ O.7 + (1 t 12'6)= 1.66 (m2-c)//, Un = 0.60 W(m2-

1.14
c)
or Un = O'1OO Btu / 1nr -ft2 -F)
This does not account for the walls above grade.
5-29 U = 0'16 able 5-'10 (no finish)
Rn:++(t69)+ lw
0.16 \ '
(1 t4.6) =6.611m2-c1
Un = 0.15 W/(m2-C) or 0.027 Btu / (hr -ft2 - r)
5-30 q/A= Un(ti -ts)= (ti -tt)/Rt=(tt-t)lR2

Rl=Rgyp+R1nr+R1, R1 = (112.6)+ 0.7 +0.12= 0.90
tl = ti _UnR1(ti _tg) =20 - [1.05 x 0.9 (2 - 10)]
Ecerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_pofit basis fr testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted . ny ther reproduction or trnsltion of his rk beynd ht permied
hi 9"};.-" a ^'' ]9 ^.}L- oaA L-;.^) c'-''^' '.''-:-' ^'"-^-:' "'-5{i ' . . .
88
t1= 14.6 C or 58F

R2 = Rrr, +Ri = ( I 12.6) +0'12='20
tz = 20_ [O.60 x O'2 (2o-1)] = 18.8 c or 65.8 F
5-31 q/A=Un (ti _tg)=(t _t'')/R1; Rl=Ri +Rc
= 0.12 + (1 I 4.6) -- 0.34

t=20_ (O.15) (O.34) (20-10) = 19.5 c or 67 F
5-32 C = 0.2 Btui(hr-ft2-F); Figure 5-8

U'P (t1 _to); Ui, = 0.81 Btu/ (hr-ft-F) or 1.a W(m-C)
8=
U'ni = 1.37 Btu / (hr - ft -F)
(a) q/P = 0.81 (70 - 5) = 52'7 Btu / (hr - ft) or 50.7 W/m
(b) q/P = 1.37 (70 - 5) = 89'1 Btu / (hr - ft) or 85.6 W/m
5-33 Q= t / R' ; Eq. 5-25; L>>' L= 100ft
R'=
2kL
. zoo x121^ tn(12x1OO/2x3o)l

_'nL-o--@J
_3"10012)
R' = 8. 12 x 1O-3 thr - F) / Btu Which neglects the resistance
of pipe wall.
purposes only to
for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instrutional
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors r rnslioi f this ork beyond ht permited
hu, "., uJo|i"a. ny oher reprucin
Students enollod in courses fbr h'ih the textbook : ''
^' '1-"4' "'
L- Q.nl;n-" n ^.'
'
6- 70-42 - =3,4488tu / hr; q/L = 34.488tu/(hr-ft)
' 8.12 x 1O-'
orq=1.01 kW; 9=33
L
1W/m
5-34 Q=t /R'
R'g =
=4.98x10-3 C/W
2 (1.4) 100
film and the tube wall'

Neglect resistance of the inside
. 60-5
----------c =11.04kw
O=
' 4.98 x 10--
5-35 Moisturewillmovetowardtheinside.Locatethevapor
insulation'
retardent on the outer side of the
retardent is placed on the
The insulation will beome wet if the
plywood would probably \/arp
inside or left out entirely and the
and rot.
_to)=(t _t1)/R1 =(ti _t)lR2

5-36 (a) Q/A = Uo(ti
Ro = O'68 + O'45 +1 1+ 1'O +O'8 + O'17 = 14'1
_F1
Uo = O'o71 Btu /( rr - ft2
Rr = 0'68 + O'45 = 1'13( hr - f( -F) / Btu

- ft2 -F) / Btu
R2 = O'68 + O'45 +11 -12'13(hr
tt=t_R1Uo(t_to)=7O_(1.13xO'O71)(7O-1O)=65.2F
purposes only to
basis for esting or instructiona'
reproduced by insructors for distribution n a no-for-prol yt.pern:ted
Excerps rom his \rk lnay be
students enrolled in courses fo ^: lh.
j:*tbook has *9,i'"l'Ji."o"'i,-:';;;;;;;;;;;"ii"111i117; ,:y::'::'|"*o
90
tz=70-(12'13 x 0.071) (70-10) = 18'3 F

(b) At 70 F, 3O%o R.. and possible leakage of air to surfaces 1
or 2-
tdp=37F<65F-ocondensationexpected
(c)Since|z=lS.3Fismuchlessthanthedewpoint,condensation
would ocur'
Place vapor retardent at the location of interface
1'
5-37 Assume infiltration is negligible

ufAf (ti - t") = UwA*(t. - to)+ U'P(t. - to) = rilcp(tc - to)
+(U** +U'P+rhcp)to',ti=72F;
*c __UrAtt, to = 1o F
(UtAt + U** + U'P + rhc, )
'1'5l0'8 =1'88
ssume 1.5 in. of wood floor, Pine; Rwoo =
U, =1; Rt =O'92+1'88+O'92 =3'72;Ut=0'27

'Rf
Ur= 0'27 x 30 x 60 = 484 Btu/(hr-F)
rr -a'R*
"*_Rw v =0.68+(6/15)+ O'17 =1'25',U* = O'80
U*A* = O.8O x 2(30 + 60)2 -- 288 Btu/(hr-F)

U'P=1.8x(30+60)2=324
,h.p = 20 x 0.075 x 60 x o '24 = 21 '6 Btu/(hr-F)
x72 + (288 + 324 + 21'6)10

+
c_-
-484 = 36.85 F
484+288+324+21'6
5-38 (a) Q/A = U(ti -to) = (tr-to)/R1;

(construction 2)
Uz=0.112', Rr=O.17 + 0.33 + 4'17 2'22 = 6'89
+
only to
basis fo 1e^sting or lnstructional purposes
Excrpts from this work may be rproduced
by instructors for distribution on a not-for-pofrt his ork beyond ht permited
'
of
-'", "* t.d. ,-ny otlr", ,rproEu.in r rnslio
students enolled in courses fr whih the textbo"t "J"p
91
t1 = (6.89 x 0.112) (72-0) = 55.6 F
(b) U : 0.211 (construction 1)

Rr = 0.17 + 0.33 +2'22 = 2'72
ti =to+R1U(ti -to)=O + (2.72x0.211)(72-0) = 41.3F
(c) lf room air leaks into the air space for the case of no roof deck
insulation (b) there could be some condensation since t6p = 50
F at72 F and 45% R. With the insulation, no condensation

would be exPected.
5-39 (ti -to) / Rr = (ti -ti) / R1
R, = 4'5 or O.79 1m2-cyw ; able 5-4a (Const. No.1)
R = 0.68 + O.45 + O.94 =2.O7 1nr-tt2_F1/Btu or 0.365 1m2-cru
Between Furring and block
tl = ti _
_ to) = 22_ = 3.98 C or 39 F
ft,' ffir'+17)
tdp = 9.5 C, Assuming room air can diffuse into the air space,
condensation likely will form on the concrete block surface.
Therefore, place vapor retardant on inside surface of gypsum
board. Use foil backed retardent. Retardent must not touch
concrete blocks!
purposS ony to
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional
;;#;;;;ln o'l
_
.o,,'",'to. *ni:| j:;bo has been adopted. ,.,-r.':'!!i|',?!

lh "!!1: ":::::i:::::":!,*r::!''n! 'y,'o**o ,
92
5-40 U1A1(ti-tn) + Ua+(ti-tn) = 2U33(tn-to) + lJzAzftn-to)
_ (UlAl + Uzz )ti + 2Uggto + Uzzto

''
,^
2sg + UzAz * Ull * UqA
UrAr = 0.09 x 8 x 20 = 14.4', U33

0.09x3x8
= = 1.08
UzAz = 0.09 x 8.54 x20 = 15.4', UA=0.09x3x20=5'4
rL6=
_(4.4+15.4)70+(2 x 0.8 x o) + (15.a x o)
" (2 x 1.08) + 15.4 + 14.4 + 5.4 -S5.8F
Place water pipes in this space with some caution.
5-41 Uf f (ti-tb ) = (U** + Utt )(t -tg ) ; ti = 72 F
tg = turg - - 37.6 _23 = 14'6 F or B C
1
Ut = ; Rf = (2 x 0.92) + (1 5/0.8) + 2.1 = 5.82
&
Carpet and Fibrous pad assumed, Ur = 0.172 Btu/ (hr - ft2 - F)
U* =.164 Table 5_ 9; Uot = 0.029 able 5 _ 1o
ltrti
+( U** + Ubf f )tg
tb=
U11 + U** *Urr
l'b-_(0.172x400
r, x72) + (.1G4 x 80 x 7 + 0.029 x 4OO)1a.6
to = 30.3 F or -0.95 C
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit
basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses fr whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny oher reproucion
or rnslii qf his ork beyond h nermied
by Seins 07 r ! 08 n! n." t o7A t r;lDs <}-t-^ .^^',-]-Ll t 1: ^^...'- -
basis fr
Excerpts frm this work may be reprodued
by instructr9 jor distribution on a not-for-prrt
textbook has been
enrlled in ourses for whih the
testing or instructinal purposes on1y to studes Sections ]07 or
of this work beyond tht permitted by
adopted. ny other reproduction or trns,ltion is unlwfu'
0B f the ]976 Unitei Sttes Copyright
ct withut the permission of the copyright owner
John
should be'ddressed ti the Peimission Deprtment'
Requests fr permissioln or furthir"infrmtion
iiria son, nr, ] 1 ] Rier Street, Hoboken' NJ 07030'
CHAPTER 6
6-1
Refer to Table B-1 . The computer program

PSYC may be used to find the
humidity ratio from t66 and assumed 100%
R'
Wind
Direction, deg.
CCW from N
6 140 0.0
(a) Pendleton, OR 11
-2 13 290 0.0
(b) Milwaukee, Wl
4 10 0.0
(c) Anchorage, L -9
12 340 0.003
(d) Norfolk, VA 24
18 I 360 .0
(e) lbuquerque, NM
20 0.003
(f) Charleston, SC 28 7
6-2
possible condensation on inside
Design relative humidity is determined by
(which is the maximum dew-
of glass. Find glass surface temperature
poi;t temperature of the inside air allowed)'
q/A = U(t' - to) = Cr(tr - b)

t= 72"F; t., = glass Surface temperature
U = 0.65 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)' Table 5-5a
111 , hi = 1.46 Btu/inr-ft2-f)
c1 uhi
C = 1'172 Btl (rrr-ft2-F1
94
tr=
Uti + to (Cr - U)
cl
Design or
lndoor Outdoor tr=
City oF oF oF Max.
T, , top,
RH-%
(a) Caribou, ME 72 -10 35.5 26.2
(b) Birmingham, L 72 23 50.2 46.1
(c) Cleveland, o 72 b 42.6 34.6
(d) Denver, CO 72 3 41.3 32.9
(e) San Francisco, C 72 39 57.3 59.9*
(g) Boise, lD 72 -'16 32.8 23.6
Rapid City 72 I 44.0 36.5

*
RH = 60 o/o would probably be uncomfortable
R = 40 to 50% would be more realistic
6-3
Assume that the weather strip does not change the convetive heat loss.
From Figure 6-2, Cp = 0.3. Using Eq. (6-7b) with the air density of 0 'F,
the pressure difference due to wind is
: .086!\'( ls*ot * |.467 fi

l'\
[o ft')\ mph) (o.rnr.o t"'tt )
P. =
z.(y.rrbm_ ft) lbf l ft')
lbf_s')
P* = 0'037in'wg
ssuming slight stack effect, P ^y

0.04 in. water
Using Table 6-1 and Fig. 6-1,

puoses only to
Excets from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distibution n a not-for-profit basis or testing or instructional
studentsnrolledincursestbrwhichthetextbookhasbeenadopted. nytherreproducionorrnslionofhisrkbeyondthtPermied
by Sections 07 or 08 ofthe ]976 United Sttes Copyright ctthout the permssin ofhe copyrigh oner is unlaful-
95
Loose fit with non-\/eather-stripped, K - 6; a lL = O.75 cfm/ft

Loose fit with weather-stripped, K= 2; Q/L = O'24 cfmtft
Total length of crack, = [(3 x 3) + (2 x 5)] x 9 = 171 ft

Using Ll2for calculation, then
Q,, = 0.75 x 17112= 64.1 cfm, Q, = 0'24x17112= 2O'5 cfm
I
Now Q, = rh cr(t1 - to) = v cp(t; - tr)
Q,r-8,, 64.t-20.5
-At-4, - 64.r
Q,, Qt = 0.68
or a reduction of 68% in sensible heat loss.
Also, (Kl - K)l1= -2)16 = 0.67 or 670/o Reduction.
6-4
From Fig. 6-2, Cp = 0'52tor windward wind'

Assuming standard sea level air density, the pressure difference due to
the wind speed of 13 m/s is
ry]
s) _ 53.6P
P., =
_*
z.( .okg
t i/-s'
(a) From Table 6-2, K = 1 for tight-fitting.
Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 0.60 L/m-s
Q = 0.60 x (0.9 + 2'0) x2 = 3l8_L
ssuming that the wind speed and wind direction are the Same as the
given conditions for the bank at Rapid City, SD, the heating load (at -20'6
Ecerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors fo distibution on a not-fbr-prfit

basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
in ourses fbr which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher repriucion or rnslion f his rk beyond ht permited
students enol1ed
]08 ofthe 976 rJnited Copyright cilhou he permission fhe copyrigh owner is unlwful'
by Sections 107 or States
--6-
.C outdoor temp. and 72'C indoor temp.) due to the door infiltration can
be calculating using Eq. (6-2b) as:
(: * . o
(' .#l r r,
* }r)rr,
_
1_zo.o1)" c= 393.tW
a, =
)
+ 1
(b) From Table 6-2, = 2 for average-fitting'

Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 1'25 L/m-s
Q = '1 .25x (0.9 + 2.0) x 2=7-25--Lls
, _(', .zs* 0 OO'+) ('.rrfil rrrn?)o, _ e20.6))" C = 819 0W
(c) From Table 6-2, K = 6 for average-fitting'

Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 3.40 L/m-s
e = 3.40 x (0.9 + 2.0) x2 = 19f2-Lls
, =(l 2*
'001c)
('.#l rr, *}a)o'_e20.6))"C _2227'6W
6-5
From Figure 6-2, C = 0.52' Using Eq. (6-7b) with the standard air density,
the pressure difference due to wind is
r2
s#) (zz-en- l
p _
\-
o'sz (o o
(
#)' ( o.rnro :n:
r,
b^_f) lbflft')
^\
z.| z.17':::-_!-
lbf _s'z)
|
P' = 0't35in'wg
Neglecting stack effect and pressurization, P - 0.135 in' water

From Table 6-1, K = 2 for average-fitting with non-weather-stripped.
From Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 0.60 cfm/ft.
L" = [(3 x2.5) + (2 x 4)]x3 = 46.5 ft puoses only t
on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutronal
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution
studentsenrlledinourses1brwhihthetextbookhasbeenadopted. nyotherreproduc'onorrnsionfthisrkbeyondhtpermited
permisiin ofhe cpyrigh oner is unlwful'
by Sectins 107 or ]08 oftnn isri {Jnied SeS Copyrigh chu ie
Q = 0.60 x 46.5 = 27.9 cfm.
b-b
(a) The wind effect is assumed to be independent of height and pressure

differences due to wind are the same as those given in Ex. 6-1.
3'd Floor: P"/C = 0.037; P, = 0.037 x 0.8 = 0.03 in. water

orientation P, P* P
Windward 0.03 0.066 .96
Sides 0.03 -0.066 -0.036
Leeward 0.03 -0.033 -0.003
gth Foor: P./Co _ -0.100; P, - -0.100 x 0.8 = -0.08 in. water

orientation P.P, P
Windward -0.08 0.066 -0.14
Sides -0 08 -0.066 -0.'146
Leeward -0.08 -0.033 -0.1 13
(b) For Bitlings, MT, design conditionS are to = -7oF, t= 72"F, = 28o/o.
From Table 6-3, K = 0.66 for conventional urtain wall.
ir will infiltrate on windward side only on 3'd floor.

Windward - 3E floor
QiA = 0.15 cfm/ft2; Q = 0.15(120 x 10) = 180 cfm
Then 9 = (1 80 x 60/1 2.4)(0.24)(72 - (-7)) = 16,514 Btu/hr
"
Q,. = (180 x 60/12.4)(0.005 - 0.000)1060 = 4,616 Btu/hr
Qt = Q, + 8r. = *1-3oBtu1h [3'd Floor]
gth Floor - All exfiltration on this floor.

Qt = otur 19th Floo
puoses only t
EXerptS from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors for distributioIr on a not-for-pro1it basis for testing or instrutional
students enrolled in courses tbr which the textbok has been adopted. ny her reprotluctin r trnsltion of this ork beyond
h permitted
by Secions 07 or ] 08 of he 976 t'Jnited Stes Copyrigh c 1ihou he permission f the cpyrigh lner is unrful.
98-
6-7
(a) Windward Doors: Double vestibule type

P = o.146 in' water, assume 1/8 in' racks
Q/L = 16 cfm/ft tFg. 6-7] , L -- 32 ft [Ex' 6-2]
Q = 16 x 32 x0'7 = 358 cfm
(Assume30o/oreductionforvestibuledoors)
6-7 (Cont.)
Side Doors: Double vestibule tYPe

P = -o'o52 in' water' 1/8 in' cracks
Q = O.O (negative pres' dff')
(b) Windward: P = O146 in' water' K = 0'66 lable 6-3]

Q/A = o.2o cfm/ft2 [Fig. 6-6]
A=120x10=1200ft2
Q = 0.29(120) = 240 cfm
Sides: P in' water' K = O'66 [Table 6-2]

= -O'O52
8 = O.O (negative pres' dff')
UULeeward: P = O'047 in' water, K = O'66 [Fig' 6-6]

Q/ = O.1Oo cfm/ft2, A = 1200 ft2
Q = O.1O(1200) = 120 cfm;
Total infiltration for the walls is

8* = 240 + O.O + 120 = 360 cfm
(c) Totat infiltration is sum for doors and walls'

From x.6-2'for leeward door' Q = 179 cfm'
Then the total door filtration is
Qo=358+179=537cfm(neglectinfil.duetotraffic).
Andthetotalwallinfiltrationis360cfm,thenQ=897cfm
only to
instuctors fo dlstribution on a not-for-profit
basis for testing o instructional puoses
xcerpts tiom this wk may be reproduced by ork beyond hct permied
students enolled in ourses t. *-'}, the
textbook has been uaot,i 'ny ornr, ,rprort|uron'o''trnston-ths
per-ission of he cpyright oner is unfu'
by Sectins 1 07 or ] 08 o7 n' to:ii'inir-d Ses Cpyrgh' ''i"rii'i"''
'i"
9V
70oF
For Charleston, WV: to = 1 1oF' ti =
q, = (897 x ll \ 'z)(o'z4)(70-11) = 65'25 Btu/hr
q. = (897 x 60/1 1'72)(1060)(O'OO5 - O OOO) = 24'338 Btu/hr
q = q" + 9. = 89,363 Btu/hr
6-8
pressure difference due
(a) Assuming standard sea level air density, the
to the wind sPeed of 20 m/s is
(
o.o,urt\'(zo*pt *1.461L:\ /
fi,J =o 197in,water
,,_ |.9/+ tbfl
UUWindward: P*=O197xO25=ooo:
Leeward: P* = O"197 x (-0'5) = -0'099 in

- } E:l, n*l:
AssumPtions:
_ 40oF
1) temperature differenc, t to' =
zi tle neutral pressure level is at floor 9'
3) the floor height is 12 ft', and
4) C = 0'80'
Then, from Fig.6-5,
1: h = 108 ft., Pr/Co = O.13, and

P" = O'13 x O'8O = 0'104 in' water
Floor
5: h = 60 ft., P, = 0'065 x O'8O = 0'052
in' water
Floor
15: h = 72ft., P, = -O'O85 x 0'8O =
-0'068 in' water
Floor
Floor 20: h = 132ft., PS = -Q'160 x O'80 =
-0j28 in' water
Windward Leeward
puoses only to
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by instrutos fo distribution on a not-for-profit h permtted
Excerpts tiom this work may^b reprodued
the textbook *' 119iJ]1'^"'i";:i:j!i::;:;:;:':""":jfi,':i:,i{:x:x#,.beyond
students enrolled n couSes tor whih
;}i::j;fii,Z'i'"f!"in:ii'ini,a s**, copy,ign,'a;,\iiio"i'', i,.'i-n of he coyrigh owner is unlwful
& r *--,-,
100
Flnr P" P P* P" P

P*
0.1 4 0.1 53 -0.099 0.104 0.005
1 0.049
0.052 0.101 -.099 0.052 -0.047
5 0.049
-0.068 -0.019 -0.99 -0.068 -0.167
15 0.049
-0.128 -0.79 -0.099 -0.128 -0.227
20 0.049
(b)
6-8 (Cont.)
.*
& \d
tl
-o.2 -.1 0.0 .1 .2
R. ilt. lrate
*E*-lfi$ffard ".-,t - LErard
lnfiltration - Windward Sides, from 1't to 13th Floor

Leeward Sides, 1't Floor onlY
Foor
Exfiltration _ Wind\/ard Sides, from 14th to 2oth
Leeward Sides, from 2nd to 2Oth Floor
(c) 1rt floor, lnfiltration on all sides - through doors, walls and fixed
windows
for tight fitting.

Windward Walls: from Table 6-3, K = 0'22
f rorn f ig. 6-6, Q/A = O.OB cfm/ft2'
A=(1+60)1 2=1920f(
Q = O.O8 x 1920 = 154 cfm
puoses only to
basis for testng or instrutional
by instructrs for distributon on a not-for-profit
Ecets fom this work may be reproduced r*rin-hs ork beyond h Permied
students enrolled in courses for whih the
textbook ,u, ..n uipi"J . ny other reproa|ur'r,in-o,
of he cpyright owner is unlful'
Sttes Copyrght ct ithou ie permision
by Sections 07 r ] 08 o7 rnr'i 9ii'i'ie
11
for tight fitting'
Leeward walls: from Table 6-3, K = 0'22
From Fig. 6-6, Q/A = O'OO5 cfmlft2'
A = (1OO + 60)12 = 1920 f(
Q =0.005x1920= 10cfm
for 1/8 in' crack'
windward Doors: from Fig. 6-7, Q/L = 17 cfm/ft
6-8 (Cont.)
For vestibule doors, assume a 35% reduction'

Q/L = 17 x 0.65 = 1 1'05 cfm/ft
L = (3 x 6.75) + (2 x 6) = 32'25 ft
Q = 11.05 x 32.25 = 356 cfm
cfm/ft for 1/8 in' crack'
Leeward Doors: from Fig. 6-7, Q/L = 1.5
or vestibule doors, assum e a 35o/o reduction'
Q/L = 1.5 x 0.65 = 0'975 cfm/ft
= O.975x32'25 = 31 cfm
Then,totalinfiltration(neglectingtrafficeffect)is
Qtot = 154 + 1O + 356 31 =
+ 551 cfm'
(d) and (e) lnfittration rate is zero due to

negative pressure differentials for
the 1Sth and 2th floors'
6-9
For Minneapolis, MN: to = -1 1oF' t1 = 70"F '
[Note:t=70-(-11)=81oFisinconsistentwithProblem6-8where
to be minor]
t = 40"F was used; however, an
error is assumed
(a) From Prob. 6-8, Q = 551 cfm for 1't

floor'
Btu/hr
q, = (5s1 , dotl 2'15)(0'24)(70 - (-11)) = 52'896
o.ooo) = 11,537 Btu/hr
o, = lbSt x 60/1 2.15)('1060)(0.O04 -
Qt= Qr* Qr. =64,433 Btuihr
(b) and (c) qt = O'O due to zero infiltration

puoses only to
basis fo'testing r instrutional
by instrutos for distribution on a not-for-profit ht permied
Excets frm this wrk may be reproded o' oon'otionf his wrk beyond
the ,.o" oi i'"r'i""n uopt.a. ,q"y "rn}')ir"ai.iion
students enrol'ed in courses for whih
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t]nited SeS "iyriii ii 'i,thout
tie permsion of the copyrigh owner is unl:wful'
102
6-10
For Des Moines, lA: to = -4oF, ti = 70oF'
windows, doors,
Transmission heat loss (negtecting infiltration) through
walls, and roofs can be determined by Eq. 5-19 as:
q = UA(t -to)
Windows: A = (3 xa)1 2= 144ft2;

From Table 5-5a, U = 0.55 Btu/(hr - ft2 -'F1;
q = 0.55(144)(70 - (-4)) = 5,861 Btuihr
Doors: A 2=243ft2',
= (3 x 6.75)1
From Table 5-8, U = O'28 Btu/(hr - ft2 - 'F);
(assume panel with metal storm door)
q = 0 28 (243)(70 - (-4)) = 5,035 Btu/hr
wails: A 64)21- 144- 60.75 = 1395.25ft2',

= 8[(36 +
From Table 5-4a, U = 0.14 Btu/(h r -ftz - 'F);
14(1 395. 25)(70 - (-4)) = 14,455 Btu/hr
Q= O.
Roof/Ceilinq: A = 36 x 64 = 2304 ft2',

rorn Example 5-3, U = O.83 Btu/(hr _ ft2 _ 'F1;
q = 0.083(2304)(70 - (-4)) = 14,151 Btu/hr
can be determined
Transmission heat loss through the slat-on-grade floor
bY Eq 5-23 as:
Q = U'P(ti -to)
Floor: p = (36 +64)2=200ft;

R-value
u' = o.8o Btu/(hr - ft - F), from Fig' 5-8 (assume insulation
of 5.4 (hr - ft2 -'F)/ Btu and d = 2ft)'
q = 0.8(2OOX7O - (-4)) = 11'840 Btu/hr
heat losses;
Finally, total transmission heat loss is the sum of all
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t'u, ."n ui.J . ny oher reproa'o"
students enrolled in urses t win the txtbok
by Secions ] 07 or ] 08 o7,n, i o)i inted Stes
copyrgnt iriiiiiou tie per.isiion of he copyrgh oner is unlful'
103
qt = 5l.Btut
6-1 1
standard air density,

From Figure 6-2, Cp= 0'52. Using Eq' (6-7b) with the
the pressure difference due to the wind of 15 mph is
(0 5[ 0.0765y\-
fr' )
LP, -
z.(nllbry__s2
_
lbf
P* = 0.058 in. water
pressurization' thus
For a low-rise building, neglect stack effect and
P1 = 0.058 in. water
and doors'
From TabIes 6-'1 and 6-2, = 1 for tight-fitting windows
From Fig. 6-1, Q/L = O.'13 cfm/ft'
L" = [(3 x 3) + (2 x a)]x3 + (3+6.75)x2x3 = 109'5
ft
e = 0.13 x 109.5 = 142 dm,

9s = (14.2 x 60/1 2.15)(0'24)(70 - (-4)) = 1,245 Btu/hr
Qr= ('zx60/12'15)(16OX.O5_0.00)=372Btulhr
Qt= Q, + Qr. = 1,617 Btu/hr
6-12
For alifax, Nova Scotia: to = 2oF, ti = 70oF'
Refer to Problem 6-10 for other data'
Windows: q = 0.55(1 44)(70 - 2) = 5'386 Btu/hr

Doors:q=0.28(243)(70-2)=4'627Btulhr
wails: Q = 0.14(1 395. 25)(70 - 2) =
13,283 Btu/hr
ootrcuno: q = O.083(23O4)(70 -2)= 13'004 Btu/hr
*r, q = O.8(2OX70 _2) = 10'880 Btu/hr
or instructional puoses only to
for dlstribution n a not-fbr-profit basis for testing
Ecets from this work may be reproduced by instrutrs repro3''o' or rnsltion his ork beyond th permitted
t u, .", ui.J . ny other
students enrolled in ourses fbr which the textbok
/ii i"i.d Sror", copyrsnt ii 'iiiou i" per*isiion of he copyrigh wner is unwful'
by Sectins ] 07 or 1 0B q
'n""i
104
Total: qt = 4loBtu/hr
6-13
oF; ti 70"F
Memphis, TN; to = 21 =
R*= 0.92+ 1.55 + 0.99 + 1.77 +0.17 = 5.4 (Tables 5-1 a'5-2a)
U* = 115.4 = O.'185 Btu/(hr - ft2 - 'F)
Us = 0.81 Btu/(hr - f( - "F) (Table 5-5a)
s = 6xax3 = 54 ft2
n* = (40xl O)-54 = 346 ft2
q,= 0.185 x 346 x (70 - 21) = 3,136 Btu/hr
qs = 0.81 x 54 x (70 - 211= 2,143 Btu/hr
Qtotrl = 5z auk!
6-14
Concord, NH; to = -2F, ti = 70oF

R*= 5.4-0.99+ 3.0=7.41
U* = .135 Btu/(hr _ ft2 - "F)
Us = 0.81 Btu/(hr -f( - 'F) (From problem 6-13)
q* = 0.135 x 346 x [70 - (-2)]= 3,363 Btu/hr
qn = 0.81 x 54 x (72) = 3,149 Btu/hr
Qtotr = 1Buer
6-15
lnstructor suPPlies solution.
6-16
(a) q=9s
vs
(i' - iu)
puoses only to
for distibution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
Excets from this work may be reprodued by instuctrs f ork beyond th permited
udo|ted ' Any other repriuctn or trnstion his
students enolled in ourses tbl which the textbook t-'as b"en oner is unlcnful'
cpyrigh
by Secins 07 or ] 08 7 *e l ol i ined Stotn, Copyrght
Act ithou tie permisiion of he
105
.^= q":-=:-_
(280'00)(14.6)
_
19(S
_21.8)60 =^251
v! cfm
i._iu 2.7
(b) q = rh cp(t, -
9
t..) =
vs
cp(ts - tr)
. q, (250,00)(14.6)
Q' = ;r== (O24X1 15_7O) =
5'633 cfm
6-17
SHF = 4st
Q./(9. + ") = 33, ooo
-100'999
(1 - oo, ooo)
===,
= -3.O3
1
Locate states, and ondition line and heating pocess on psychometric

chart.
_ t')
Q. = rh cp(t, _ tr) or h . = q
'/cr(t,
h. = 100,000/(0'24 x20) = 20,833 lbm/hr
Q. = h. X vr/6O = 20,833 x 14.05/60
Q" = 4,878 cfm or about 4,900 cfm
EetS frm this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses ony to
students enolled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnslion of this work beynd ht
permied
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106
t
ffi
p
n
i
Excerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for tSting or instructional puoses only to
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] 07 or 108 of he 976 [Jnited SteS Cpyright ct ihout the permission of the copyright oner i3 unlful.
by Sections
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testing or instructional purposes only to students enrled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. ny ther reproduction r trnsltion fthis wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or 0B
of the 976 United Sttes Cpyright ct without the permissin f the copyright owner is unlwful.
Requests for permission or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, Jhn
Wiley & Sns, nc, ] ] Rier Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030'
Chapter 7
7-1
First, find longitude from Table B-1a
Then, convert Daylight Saving Time to Local Standard Time using Eq. 7-5
Next, determine the equation of time from Table 7-2
Finally, determine Local Solar ime using Eq. 7-6
he following table Summarizes the solutions of the problem.
Standard Daylight Local

Location Longltue' Meridian, Savings ^.-"":' Eouation
tanar LocalSolar
o -'
llme
:
o ime ilme
llme
Norfolk, VA 76.2 75 9:00:00 M 8:00:00 M -2'41 min 7:52:47 A|'

Lincoln, NE 96.75 90 1:00:00 PM 12:00:00 PM -2.41min 11:30:35M
Casper, WY 106.47 105 10:00:00 M 9:00:00 AM -2'41 min 8:51:43 M
Pendleton, OR 118.85 120 3:00:00 PM 2:00:00 PM -2'41min 2:02:11P
London, UK 0.45 0 7:00:00 PM 6:00:00 PM -2.41min 5:55:47 PM
7-2
our angle (negative for morning and positive for afternoon) can be
determined by
h:5* (LST _l2)
(a) h = 15*(8.19 -'12:00) = 15*(-3.683) = -55.25 deg.
(b) h = 15*(10:03 - 12'.00) = '15*(-1 .950) = -29.25 deg.
(c) h = 15*(15:46- 12:00)= 15*(3.767)= 56.50deg.

107
(d) h = 15"(12.01 - 12:00) ='15*(0.017)= 0.25 deg'
7-3 t sunset and sunrise, =0"; sin(B) =
From Eq. 7-8; os(/) os(h). os() - _sin(/). sin()
os(h,,) = os(ft,,) = _ tan(/)' tan()
The following table summarizes the solutions of the problem.
Location Latitude,'N 'i"J;::',3" Cos(h) ',|1:ff ',t''i

^ffi::.
-0.3865 112.7 AM
MT
Billings, 45.8 20.6 4:29 7:30 AM
orlando, FL 28.43 20.6 -0.2035 101.7 5:13 AM 6:46 AM
Anchorage, AL 61.17 20.6 -0.6829 133.1 3:07 M 8:52 AM
Honolulu, l 21.35 20.6 -0.1469 98.4 5:26 AM 6:33 AM
Note earlier sunrise at greater latitudes
7-4
/= 33.0 deg. N
h = 15.(9-12) = -45.0 deg.
on Sep 21, = 0.0 deg.
From Eq. 7-8; sin(B) : os(/). os(ft). os() + sin(/). sin() = 0.593
= 36'37 deg'
sin os/ _ cos sin / os h

From q' 7-11 ;
cos{
s = = -0.478

= 118.57 deg. (clockwise from north)

-"o,
nn a nnt-fnr_nrnfit hqqis fr testin or instructional puoses only to

Exerpts from this work may be reDroduced bv instnlctrq f'r rliqtrih,lfinn
108
7-5 _ 0"; sin(B) g

At sunris e, =
os(h) os() _ _sin(/) ' sin()

From Eq. 7-8; os(/) ' '
_tan(/)' tan()
os(h,. ) -
(a) June 21'' -- 23'45 deg; / = 58 deg'

-8'93 hours
cos h = -O'6942; h = -133'96 deg' or
Sunrise is at 3:04 AM (Solar Time)
- os sin / os h
"oo
^^^ __ sin cos /
= O.751
From Eq. 7-11; cos
north)
= 41.33 deg. (clockwise from
(b) Dec21'' = -23'45 deg; / = 58 deg'
cos h = 0.6942; h = -46'04 deg' or -3'07 hours
Sunrise is at 8:55 AM (Solar Time)
. sincos/
os="
_ossin lcosh
=-0'751
From q'7-11;
from north)
= 138.67 deg. (ctockwise
7-6
Maximumsolaraltitudeangle,willoccuratsolarnoon,h=0
]09-
From Eq. 7-1O, _

û*:90 _ Min\, u,)
From Table 7-2, |'u"l = 23.45
(a) Denver, CO: I = 39.75 deg. N.
For north latitude, / is positive and greater than |rrr| so we need largest
positive value of .
From Table 7-2, 'u" = 23'45 deg. and hence '", = 73.70 deg.
Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on June 21.
(b) Lansing, Ml: l= 42.77 deg. N.
For north latitude, / is positive and greater than |rrr| so we need largest
positive value of .
From Table 7-2, 'u"= 23.45 deg. and hence 'u"= 70.68 deg.
Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on June 21.
(c) Sydney, ustralia: /= 33.95 deg. S.
For south latitude, / is negative and |/| is greater than l'u"l So \/e need
largest negative rralue of .
From Tabe 7-2, 'u, = -23'45 deg. and hence '", = 79.50 deg.
Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on Dec 21.
7-7
Longitude'. Lt= 100 deg. W
Local Standard Time. LCT = 3:30 pm
on Nov 21, Eo = '13.8 min
Excerpts from this orktnay be reproduced by instrutors for distibution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or
instrutional puoses nly to
l . _-__t!^lj.-^^''-^^^ ''^'^-^).'^1:^'"^-|-âclntinnnfthj.srkbeondhDermied
110
Using Eq. 7-6, LSf = 15.50 - (100-90).4 /60+ '13.8/60 = 15.063 Hr or 3:04
pm.
Latitude: l = 37 '5 deg.
our ange: h = 15-('15.063-12) = 45.95 deg.
on Nov 21, = -19.8 deg.
Using Eq' 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 21.36 deg.
Then using q.7-11 to calculate solar azimuth; = 226'56 deg. (clockwise

from north)
Surface azimuth; = 12+180 = 192 deg. (clockwise from north)
Finally, using q.7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth
y= 1226.56-1921= 34.56 deg.
7-8
Using q' 7-13b to calculate angle of incidence for a vertical surface
= 39.92 deg.
Using q' 7-13a to caIculate angle of incidence for an inclined surface
For surface tilt = 70", = 32.30 deg'
7-9
For Ottawa, Ontario on July 21,
Longitude. Lt= 75.67 deg. W
Latitude: = 45.32 deg. N
XetS from this work may be reproduced by lnstrutors for distribution n a not-for-profit basis fr testing or instructional purposos only to
studerrts enroled in curses for whih the tcxtbook has been adopted. ny her reroductio or r1fisin f his work beyond ht ermited
Equation of ime: oT = -6.2 min
Dec|ination: = 20.6 deg.
(a) Eastern Daylight Savings Time: EDSI = 4:00 pm
Using Eq. 7-6, LS7- = 14.852 Hr or 2'.51 pm.
Hour ange: h = 15*(14'852-12) = 42.78 deg'
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 47"16 deg.
Using q'7-13c to calculate angle of incidence for a horizontal surface,
= cos-1(sin(47.16)) = 42'84 deg.
(b) At sunset, = 0 and sinp =Q
cos(fr ): _tan(/). tan()
Hour angle: h = 112.34 deg.
Solar time at sunset: LSf = 12 + hl15 = 19.49 hr or 7:29 pm.
astern Daylight Savings ime can be calculated by
DST = LST + (L' _ S(4min/deg-t4l)

- oT +L
EDS = 19.49 +(75.67-75)-(4/60)-(-6.2/60)+1 = 20.638 hr or 8:38 pm.
7-10
For Philadelphia, PA on July 21,
Longitude'' L= 75.25 deg. W
Latitude: / = 39.88 deg. N
Equation of Time: oT = -6.2 min
Declination: = 20.6 deg.
Eastern Daylight Savings Time: EDSI = 10:30 am
xerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses nly to
students enrol]ed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. nyl other renro,l1ft;h ^v lf.lî^,^ ^{lL]d 'l^yL o1'^') t1nt ^trmtted
112
Using Eq. 7-6, LS7 = 15.852 Hr or 3:51 pm.
Hour angle: h = 15-(15.852-12) = 57.78 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 49'42 deg.
Using q' 7-11 to find solar azimuth; = 114.30 deg. (clockwise from north)
(a) Using q' 7-13c to calculate angle of incidence for a horizontal surface,
= cos-1(sin(49.42)) = 40.58 deg.
(b) For vertical surface facing southeast, Surface Tilt; = 90 deg., and
Surface azimuth; = 135 deg. (clockwise from north)'
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth , y= |114'3-135 = 20.7 deg'
Using q' 7-13b to calculate angle of incidence for a vertical surface,
= cos-l(cos(49.42)cos(20 7)) = 52'52 deg'
(c) For inclined surface faing south, Surface Tilt; = (90-40) = 50 deg.,
and Surface azimuth', = 180 deg. (clockwise from north)'
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, y= l114.3-180| = 65.7 deg.
Using q.7-13a to calculate angle of incidence for an inclined surface,
d = cos-1 (cos(49.42)cos(65.70)sin(50)+sn(+g.42)cos(50)) = 46.'t 1 deg.
7-11
7-12
7-13
For Calibou, M on July 21,
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113
Longitude' Lt= 46.87 deg. W

Latitude: l= 68.02 deg. N
Equation of Time: EOT = -6.2 min
Solar Parameters; = 346'4 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1093 Wm2, B = 0.186,
and C = 0.138
Eastern Daylight Savings Time: DSr = 2:00 pm
Surface Tilt; = 60 deg.
Surface azimuth, SW; / = 225 deg' (clockwise from north)
Using Eq. 7-6, LSI = 14'72 r
Hour angle: h = 15.(14.72-12) = 41 .58 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 36.04 deg.
Using q'7-11 to find solar azimuth; __ 230.2 de9. (clockwise from north)
Using q.7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, y= 5'2 deg'
Using q' 7-13a to calculate angle of incidence, = 7.45 deg.
Using q' 7-15 and clearness number of 1, Gry = 252'51 Btu/hr_ft2 or

796.75 Wm2
Using q' 7-16a, G = 250.28 Btu/hr-ft2 or 790'03 Wm2
Using Eqs, 7-18 and 7-2O, G= 26'13 Btu/hr-ft2 or 82'46 Wm2
Therefore, total clear sky irradiation is276.51 Btu/hr-ft2 or 872.49 Wm2
7-14
Given lnformation:
Date: June 21
Longitude' Lt= 96'0 deg' W
quation of ime: oT = -1 .4 min
puoses only to
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114
Solar Parameters; = 346.1 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1092 Wm" ' B = 0' 1 85,

and C = 0.137
Central Daylight Savings Time: CDSI = 8:00 pm
Surfae ilt; = 90 deg.
Surface azimuth, SW; / = 225 deg' (clockwise from north)
Reflectance from water; Ps = 0'25
Using Eq. 7-6, LSf = 18.58 Hr
Hour angle: h = 15-(18.58-12) = 98'65 deg'
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 7 '02 deg'
Using q' 7-15, G, = 76'24 Btuihr-ft2 or 240'5 Wm2
lrradiation reflected from the ground can be determined by
Gn: PrF.r(sin +C)G'o
where F'ncan be determined from q'7-24'
Therefor, G = 2'47 Btu/hr-ft2 or 7'8 Wm'
7-15
Given lnformation:
Date: lar 21
Equation of Time: o = -7'5 min
Solar Parameters; = ao.g Btu/hr-ft2 or 1164\Nlm', B = 0'149'
and C = 0.109
Local Solar Time: LSf = 12:00 Pm
Surface Tilt; = 90 deg'
Surface Azimuth, S; = 180 deg' (clockwise from north)
Clearness number; CN = 0'95
Diffuse Reflectance from Sno\/; n = 0'7
Hour angle: h = 0.0 deg.
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbok 'qn
115
Using Eq. 7-8 to calcuate solar altitude, = 34'0 deg'
Using q' 7-11 to find solar azimuth; = 180.0 deg. (clockwise from north)
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, 7r= 0.0 deg.
Using q' 7-13b to calculate angle of incidence, = 34.0 deg.
Using q.7-15, Gtv = 268.5 Btu/hr-ft2 or 847 '1 \lm2
Using q' 7 -16a, G = 222'6 Btu/hr-ft2 or 702'3 Wm'

Using qs' 7-21 and 7-22, G = 33.O Btu/hr-ft' or 104. 1 \lm2
lrradiation reflected from the ground can be determined by
G^: PrF'r(sln+C)G'o
where F*n can be determined from q.7-24'
Therefore, GR = 62'8 Btu/hr-ft2 or 198.1 \lm'
7-16
Given lnformation:
Date: Aug 2'1
Latitude: I = 32.0 deg. N
Equation of Time: oT = -2'4 min
Solar Parameters; = 350.9 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1107 \llm2, B = 0'182,
and C = 0.134
Local Solar Time: LSf = 10:00 am
Surface Tilt; = 45 deg.
Surface azimuth, SW; / = 225 deg. (clockwise from north)
Diffuse Reflectance from ground; n = 0.3
Hour angle: h = -30.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar atitude, = 56.1 deg.
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116
Using q.7-11 to find solar azimuth; = 118.7 deg. (clockwise from north)
Using q.7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, r= 106.3 deg.
Using q.7-13b to calculate angle of incidence, = 61.5 deg.
Using q' 7-15, Gruo = 281'8 Btu/hr-ft2 or 889'1 Wm2
Using q'7-16a, G = 134'4 Btu/hr-ft2 or 424'0 Wm2

\m"
Using Eqs. 7-18 and 7-2o, G= 32'2 Btu/hr-ft2 or 10'1 '7
\'lm2
Using Eqs. 7-23 and7-24, GR = 11'9 Btu/hr-ft2 or 37 '7
',11.9) = 178.6 Btu/hr-ft2 or
Using Eqs. 7-25 , Gt= (34.4 + 32.2 +
= (424.0 + 101 .7 + 37.7) = 889.1 Wm'z
7-17
The following results are determined from a computer program employing
equations in the book from Eqs. 7-6 to 7-26'
Following tables summarize input and output data calculated for southwest-
facing vertical window at32 deg. N latitude, 90 deg. W longitude, for all
daylght hours of a clear day on July 21with ground reflectance of 0.2 and
clearness number of 1.
lnput Data
Longitude 90 deg
Standard Meridian 90 deg
EOT -6.2 min
Latitude 32 deg
Declination 20.6 deg
Surf Azimuth 225 deg
Surf Tilt 90 deg
A 346.4 Btu/hr-ft2
B 0,186
c 0,138
cN1
RoG 0'2
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to
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students enrlled in courses tbr vhich the
117
Output Data
cDsr LsI o . o
Gruo* Go* Ga* G* G,* "
h, ,. , , ,
7.00 5.90 -91.55 9.50 71.57
153.43 151.90 112.19 O.OO 6.97 3.40 10.37
8.00 6.90 -76.55 21.78 78.63 146.37 140.64 209.84 o.OO 13.03 10.68 23.71
9.00 7.90 -61.55 34.38 85.69 139.31 128.74 249.18 o.OO 15.47 17.51 32.98
10.00 8.90 -46.55 47.09 93.60 131.40 116.76 268.71 o.OO 16.69 23.39 40.07
11.00 9.90 -31.55 59.65 104.24 120.76 104.98 279.23 o.OO 17.34 27.g5 45.2s
12.00 10.90 -16.55 71.33 123.59 101.41 93.63 284.65 o.OO 20.57 30.90 51.46
13.00 1 .90 -1.55 78.52 172.69 52.31 83.01 286.52 34.88 24.03
1
32.03 90.94
14.00 12.90 13.45 73.44 229.79 4.79 73.4s 285.30 81.05 27.54 91.28 139.87
15.00 13.90 28.45 62.18 252.83 27.83 65.62 280.70 115.85 30.36 28.70 174.91
16.00 14.90 43.45 49.71 264.52 39.52 60.08 271.44 135.41 31.69 24.45 1g1.54
17.00 15.90 58.45 37.00 272.79 47.79 57.55 254.30 136.46 30.69 18.81 185.97
18.00 16.90 73.45 24.37 279.93 54.93 58.44 220.69 115.51 26.33 12.15 153.99
19.00 17.90 88.45 12.00 286.94 61.94 62.60 141.60 65.16 1s.97 4.90 86.03
*Unit
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft,
7-18
Using the developed program, following tables summarize input and output
data caculated for south-facing Surface tilted at 45 deg. on Apr 21 in
Louisville, KY.
lnput Data
Longitude 85.73 deg
Eo 1.1 min
Latitude 38.18 deg
Declination 1.6
1 deg
Surf zimuth 180 deg
Surf Tit 45 deg
A 358.2 Btu/hr-ft2
B 0.1 64
c 0.12
CN 1
RHOG 0.2
Output Data
o
tSI h, '. ," ,"," Gruo* JD G* ^*
JR ^*
ra
1.0 -165.0 -38.3 18.8 161.2 164.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.0 -150.0 -32.9 35.7 144.3 150.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.0 -'135.0 -24.8 49.8 130.2 135.4 0.0 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0
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only to
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"o^.^)"
118
4.0 -120.0 _15.1 61 .5 o.o o.o

118.5 120.7
5.0 -105.0 _4.3 71.6 o.o 0.0
6.0 -90.0 7.1 80.8 o.o o.o
18.4 106.0 o.o 0.0
0.0
99.2 91.4 95.7 o.o 0.7

0.0
.0 -75.0 18.9 s9.9 90.1 76.8 215.8 49.2 22.1
9.8 10.5
2.8
7
8.0 -60.0 30.6 99.7 80.3 62.5 259.6 120.0 26.6

74.1
9.0 -45.0 42.0 111.3 4.8 151.4
68.7 48.4 280.3 186..1 28.7 6.5
10.0 -30.0 52.3 126.8 53.2 35.1 291.1 238.3 2g.8
221.3
11 .0 -15.0 60.2 149.3 30.7 7.8 275.9
12.0 0.0 63.4 180.0 23J 296.5 271.5 30.4 8.6
0' 18'4 298'2 282.9 3o.5 8.9
3,10.5
13.0 15.0 60.2 210.7 30.7 23.7 296.5 271.5 30.4
322.3
14.0 30.0 52.3 239.2 8.6 310.5
53.2 35.1 291.1 238.3 2g.8 7.8
15.0 45.0 42.0 248.7 68.7 48.4 2S0.3 186.1 28.7
275.9
'16.0 60.0 30.6 260.3 80.3 6.5 221.3
62.5 259.6 120.0 26.6 4.8
17 .0 75.0 18.9 270.1 1s1.4
90.1 76.8 215.8 49.2 22.1 2.8
18.0 90.0 .1 279.2 99.2 91.4 95.7 o.o 9.8
74.1
19.0 105.0 -4.3 288.4
7
0.7
106.0 o.o o.o o.o
10.5
108.4 0.0
20.0 120.0 -15.1 298.5 18.5 120.7 o.o o.o o.o
0.0
21 .0 135.0 _24.8 310.2
1
0.0
135.4 o.o o.o o.o
0.0
130.2 0.0
22.0 150.0 _32.9 324.3 144.3 150.0 o.o o.o o.o
0.0
23.0 165.0 -38.3 341.2 0.0
164.4 o.o o.o o.o
0.0
161.2 0.0
24.0 180.0 _40.2 360.0 180.0 175.2 o.o o.o o.o
0.
*Unit
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft,
0.0 0.0
7-19
Using the developed program,.following tables
summarize input and output
data calcuated for an east-facing windw, 3
ft. wide by 5 ft. high, with no
set bak on a clea r Jul21 day in-Boise, lD.
nput Data
Longitude 116.22 deg
oT -6.2 min
Latitude 43.57 deg
Declination 20.6 deg
Surf Azimuth 90 deg
Surf Titt 90 deg
A 346.4 Btu/hr-ft2
B .'186
c 0.1 38
CN 1
RHOG 0.2
Output Data
LSr h, o ,. o Guo* Go"
,' ," , G* GR* Gt* e
5.0 -,105.0 3.8 25.3 21.5 19.5
6.0 -90.0
65.0 25.0 3.6 0.4 23.5 352.4
14.0 74.8 15.2 20.6 160.9 .150.6 27.4 6.'1 184.1 2761 .3
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced

by instructors for
ilffi;;;;;l#;':il;:'r; rnich the texthn.. hqc h-.- ".1l'_':9*':'
on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instruionalmosesonl},
to
119
7.0 -75.0 24.7 84.4 5.6 25.3 222.0 200.7 36.8 12.3 249.9 3747.9
8.0 -60.0 35.6 94.8 4.8 35.8 251.6 203.9 38.5 18.1 260.6 3908.9
9.0 -45.0 46.2 106.9 16,9 48.6 267.7 177.2 36.1 23.0 236.3 3544.7
10.0 -30.0 56.1 123.0 33.0 62.1 276.8 129.6 31.4 26.8 187.8 2817.2
1 1.0 -15.0 63.8 146.7 56.7 76.0 281.6 68.2 26.2 29.2 123.6 18s3.6
12.0 0.0 67.0 18.0 90.0 90.0 283.0 0.0 21.5 30.0 51.4 771.7
13.0 15.0 63.8 213.3 123.3 104.0 281.6 0.0 17 .5 29.2 46.6 699.7
14.0 30.0 56.1 237.0 147.0 117 '9 276.8 .0 17 '2 26.8 44.0 659.8
15.0 45.0 46.2 253.1 163.1 131.4 267.7 0.0 16.6 23.0 39.7 594.8
16.0 60.0 35.6 265.2 175.2 144.2 251.6 0.0 .15.6
18.1 33.7 505.9
17 .0 75.0 24.7 275.6 .185.6
154.7 222.0 0.0 13.8 12.3 26.1 391.9
18.0 90.0 14.0 285.2 195.2 159.4 160.9 0.0 10.0 6.1 16.1 241.6
19.0 105.0 3.8 295.0 205.0 154.7 21.5 0.0 1.3 0.4 1.8 26.7
*Unit
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft2
oE
is the rate at which solar energy strike the window in Btu/hr
7 -20
Given lnformation:
Latitude: l= 32.47 deg. N
Surface azimuth, S; z-= 180 deg. (clockwise from north)
Windowwidth;W=4ft.
Windowheight; H=6ft.
Setbackdistance; b=1 ft.
(a) On April2l
Local Solar ime: LSr= 9:00 am
Hour angle: h = 15.(9-12) = -45.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calcu|ate solar altitude, = 43'82 deg'
Using q' 7-1'1 to find solar azimuth; = 106'27 deg. (clockwise from north)
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-soar azimuth, y= 73'73 deg.
Using qs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calcuate shaded dimensions, X

! v
= (1 ft.)-tan(73.73) = 3.43 ft. r-
t
y = (1 ft ).tan(43.82)/cos(73.73) = 3.42 ft.

6'
Shaded area can be calculated by
4'
x.erpts from- this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br distribution on a not-or-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only t
students enrol1ed in courses fbr which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsl.tii of his wrk beyni th permied
bySections]07r]08ofhe976UniedlqaeC-apyrighcw,ihouheDern&1!!Mf1hecwlrjsh1 oue-r j'9g!!-g+&!. ."!:'.''' a
'-7
120
,h =W * H _ (W
- x) * (H _ y) = 22'52 ft2
7-20 (Cont.)
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 93"8%.
(b) On July 21
Local Solar Time. LSl. = 12:00 pm
Hour angle: h = 15*(12-12) = 0.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 78.13 deg.
Using q.7-11 to find solar azimuth; = 180.0 deg. (clockwise from north)
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, r= 0.0 deg.
Using Eqs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calculate shaded dimensions,
x = (1 ft.)*tan(0.0) = 0.0 ft.

y = (1 ft.)*tan(78.13)/cos(0.0) = 4.76 ft.
Shaded area can be calculated by
,h=W*H_(W _x)*(-_y) = 19.03ft2
herefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 79.3%.
(c) On Sep 21
Local Solar Time: LSl. = 5:00 9m
Hour angle: h = 15*(17-12) = 75.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to alculate solar altitude, = 12.61 deg.
Using q'7-11 tofind solarazimuth; =261.81 deg. (clockwisefrom north)
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studentsenrolledincoursesforwhihthetextbokhasbeenadopted. nyotherreproducionortrnsionfthisrkbeyondthpermted
by Secions 07 or ]08 ofhe 976 [JnitedSesCnriqhl '| \ithn1t th hovh'i'Ci' n{tho '^---:not '1lv'-
;a ''"^''t\'1
121
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth , y= 81.81 deg.
7 -20 (Cont.)
Using q.7-28 to calculate the horizontally shaded dimension, X,
x = (1 ft.).tan(81.81) = 6.95 ft.
Since x is greater than W, the window is completely shaded.
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 100%'
7-21
Given: Problem 7-20 with a tong 2 ft overhang located 2ft above the top of
the window.
For this problem, bo for overhang is the sum of the overhang depth and the
setback; hene, bo = /+] = 3 ft.
(a) he vertically shaded dimension on the window due to the overhang

can be calculated bY:
lo=botanlcosy_!o-.
where 1rr-, is the distance of the overhang above the window. Therefore,
o = (3 ft.)*tan(43.82)/cos
(73'73) - 2 _ 8'27 ft'
Sine is greater than H, the window is completely shaded.
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 100%.
(b) Similafly, yo= (3 ft.)- tan(78.13)/cos(0.0) - 2= 12'27 ft'
Since y, is greater than H, the window is completely shaded'

'100%'
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is
basis 1br testing or instrutional puoss ony to

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in courses fbr whih the texibook has been aJopted. ny her reprucJio or rnslin | this ork beyond ht permied
students enrolled
l^'-!'1 ^ '
b,ySectins 07 r 08of the 1q76-ito)-qf'''"?""";*13
'1
122
(c) Since the window is completely shaded due to

the setback' there is no
need to calculate Yo'
7 -22
setback'
Given. Problem 7-2owith 6 in. setback instead of 1 ft'
(a) Using Eqs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calculate shaded dimensions,
x = (0.5 ft.)*tan(73.73) = 1'71 fL

, = (o.s ft.)-tan(43.82)/os(73'73) = 1'71 ft'
Shaded area can be calculated bY
,n =W * H _ (W _x)* (H _ y) = 14.19 fi2
is 59'1%'
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded
(b) Using Eqs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calculate shaded dimensions,
= (O.5 ft.)-tan(0'0) = '0 ft' _-

2'38 ft'
, = (.s ft.)*tan(78.13)/cos(0'0)
,l, =W * H _ (W _'T ) * (H _ y) = 9'52 ft2
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is

shaded is 39'7%'
(c)UsingEqs.T-28to7-3Otocalculateshadeddimensions,
x = (0.5 ft.).tan(81'81) = 3'48 ft'

, = (O.S ft.)-tan(12.61)/cos(81 'S1) = 0'79 ft'
,h =W *
H _(W _.)* (H _ y) = 21'27 ft2
or instrutional puoses ony to

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Excets from this work may be reproduced by instructors
iy'nrrrrprourô-o,rnsliiofhisorkbeyondthtermitted
studentsenrolledinoursestowhichtnetexookhasbeen
o7Abi+^)c'-!"^^f''";..1'! ^l"i'r'i
''',.'"''^""i'-''""'''''-"'^-^{i"^^^'^'';-^1
'''-''"i"-^'{"l
h'Srtinnrl07nrl0Rn{t1o
123
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 88'6%'
7 -23
on December 21, Declination: = -23'45 deg. Using the same procedure
as described in Problem 7-20, the following table summarizes the
calculated data.
Solar Surface- '"Jlff#:"'

:"^::j Hour Solar Azimuth, "#:: Shaded %Shaded
:,ol1' "";
Angle, ltitude, o Solar Dimension Dimension Area, ft2 rea
Time, o Azimuth,'
hr
f\Zllul
'' " 1x1, ft (y)' ft
8.OO -6O.O0 9.98 126.22 53 78 1'37 o'30 8'98 37 '4
9.OO -45.00 1g.4g ',136.52 43 48 o'95 o'49 7 '18 29'9
1o,oo -3o.oo 27.17 148.96 31'04 0'60 0'60 5'65 23',5
1.OO -15.00 32.27 163.69 16'31 o'29 0'66 4'20 17 '5

2'71
'1
12.00 O.OO 34.08 18o.OO O'OO o oo 0'68 1 ',1

',3
13.00 15.00 32.27 196.3',1 16'31 0 29 0'66 4'20 17 '5

o 60 0'60 5 65
14.00 3O.OO 27.17 211'04 31'04 0 49 7 18
23'5
15.00 45.00 19.49 22g 48 43'48 0 95 29',9
23g.78 53'78 1'37 0 30 8 98

16.00 60.0O 9.98 37 '4
7 -24
This problem is similar to ProblemT-21 but the overhang depth is 3 ft
instead of 2ft. Since the window in ProblemT-21 is completely shaded
in
all cases. he window in this problem is also completely shaded in

all
cases since the overhang depth is greater in this problem'
7 -25
7 -26
7 -27
Eqs'
First, we need to know angle of incidence and solar irradiation. Using
problem),
7-8 to 7-26 (or a computeiprogr developed for previous
on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional

puoses only to
Exets 1iom this work may be reproduced by instructors for distibution
studentsenroledincoursestbrwhichthetextbookhasbeen adopted' nyotherreproucinrtrnslioofthisworkbeyondhpermited
124
incidence angle and solar irradiation on a southwest-facing window for

Boise, lD on a clear July 21 day at 3:00 pm solar time are
Angle of Incidence = 52.4 deg',

Direct Solar lrradiation: Gp = 163'4 Btu/hr-ft2'
Diffuse Solar lrradiation: Ga + G = 34'5 + 23'0 = 57 -3 Btu/hr-ft', and
Total Solar lrradiation: G1 = 163'4 + 57 '3 = 220'9 Btu/hr-ft2'
Then, the area of the glazing and of the frame is calculated to be 12'44
ft2
and 2.56 ft2, resPectivelY.
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 21c
are
SHGGgo(52.4") = 0.548 and SHGGg= 0'52'

be
From Table 5-2, the outside surface conductance may be estimated to
4.0 Btu/hr-ft2-'F.
From able 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, double glazed window having
aluminum frame with thermal break utilizing metal spacers is 1.13 Btu/hr-
ft2-'F.
From Table 7-1, solar absorptance of the aluminum frame (assuming the
window is not a nev/ one) is 0.8.
ssuming the window with no setback (Ar,u'" = Aru), the SHGC for the
frame can be calculated using Eq' 7-31 as:
SHGGr = 0.8*(1 '1314'0) = 0'226'
Then, using q.7-32, the total solar heat gain is
Qsnc = (0.548.1 2.44 + 0.226*2.56)*163'4

+ (0.52*1 2.44 + 0.226*2.56)-57.5 = 1613'68 Btuihr'
7 -28
glazing
From Table 7-3, the glazing transmittance and absorptances for the
system lD 21c are
puoses only to
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for
distribution on a not-for-prfit basis for testing or instrutional
has .", uJopt". ny oher reprouction or rnsti of hs wrk beyond h permitted
students enrl]ed in ourses for whih the tx;book
125
7 -28 (Cont.)
T6(52'4") = O.+1 56, tw2) = O'140, fz2'4) = 0'1524'

Ta= O'40, -Af = o.'13, and fza= O.15.
Using Eq. 7-35, total transmitted solar heat gain is
Qrru"', = (0'4156-163.4 + 0.4*57.5)-12'44 = 1130.9'1 Btu/hr.
Using Eq. 7-36, total solar heat gain absorbed by the glazing is
8 oroo,, = [1 63'4*(0"1 4+0' 1 524) + 57'5*(0"1 3+0' 1 5)]-1 2'44

= 794.64 Btu/hr.
From Table 5-5a, the U-value for the center of glass is 0.42 Btu/hr-ft2-"F.
Similar to the previous problem, the outside surface conductance may be

estimated to be 4.0 Btu/hr-ft2-'F.
Then, the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 1 can be calculated by:
Nt=0.42 14.0=0.105
From Table 5-2a, the inside surface conductance may be estimated to be

1.46 Btu/hr-ft'-"F.
The conductance from the inner pane to the outdoor air can be calculated
by:
,11
flo'2=
1 1=-1 1 =o'59Btu/hr-ft2-'F
U hi 0.42 .46
Then, the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 2 can be calculated by:
Nz= 0.42 / 0.59 = 0.71
Exerpts 1iom this work rnay be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses fbr which the textbok has been adoted' ny oher reproduction r lrnsltin of his wrk beyond th
permitted
126
7-28 (Cont.)
Using q. 7-38, the inward flowing fraction of the gazing system is
N= [163.4*(0.'1 0S*0. 14+0.7 1*0.1 524) +

57.5*(.'1 05*0. 13+0.71-0. 1 5)] l 220 '9
= 0.122
Using Eq. 7-39 and the SHGGr calculated from the previous problem, the
solar irradiation absorbed by the frame is
Qoroo,f = (163.4 + 57.5)*2.56*0.226 = 127 .80 Btu/hr.
Using q' 7-40, the total absorbed solar heat gain of the fenestration
system is
Quruo,ur = 794.64*0.122 + 127 .80 = 224.75 Btu/hr.
The total solar heat gain is then
Qsrc = 1130.91 + 224.75 = 1355.66 Btu/hr.
7 -29
From Table 7-4, lAC for a lighted-color Venetian blind installed on a
residential double-pane window is 0.66.
Using q' 7-41, the total solar heat gain is
Q suc = '226-2'56-220'9)
+ [0.548*12.44*163.4 + 0.52* 12.44*57 .5]*0.66
= 1108.48 Btu/hr.
7 -30
From Table 7-6, for a ighted-color Venetian blind, shade transmittance,
reflectance, and absorptance are 0.05, 0.55, and 0.40, respectivey.
Using q' 7-42, the transmitted solar heat gain is

127
7-30 (Cont.)
Qrroo = 0.05*1130.91 = 56.55 Btu/hr.
Using q' 7-43, the absorbed solar heat gan is
4or"" = 224.75 + 0.40*1 130.91

+ 0.55*1 130.91 *0.122*(0.'13+0.I S)
= 698.36 Btu/hr.
7-31
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 5b
are
SHGGgo(52'4") = 0.6256 and SHG Gg = 0.60.
Similar to Problem 7-27 , SHGGr = 0.226.
Then, using q'7-32, the total solar heat gain is
Qsc = (0.6256-12.44 + 0'226*2.56)*1 63.4

+ (0.60.12.44 + 0.226*2.56)*57.5 = 1828.64 Btu/hr.
7 -32
From Table 7-3, the glazing transmittance and absorptances for the glazing
system lD 5b are
TD(52'4") = 0.5332, 'Af ,o2'4) = 0.1924, 1fro2'4) = O'12,

Ta= 0.51, -Atro= 0.19, and -Arzd= 0.11.
Using q. 7-35, total transmitted solar heat gain is
Qrsac,g = (0.5332*'163.4 + 0.51*57.5)*1 2.44 = 1448.64 Btu/hr.
Using Eq. 7-36, total solar heat gain absorbed by the glazing is

Q llc'g = [1 63.4*(0.1924+0'12) + 57.5-(0. 1 9+0. 1 1)1-12.44
-===
7 -32 (Cont.)
= 849.60 Btu/hr.
From Table 5-5a, the U-value for the center

of gtass is 0.55 Btu/hr-ft2-"F.
similar to the previous problem, the outside
surface conductance may be
estimated to be 4.0 Btu/hr_ft2_.F.
Then' the inward flowing fraction for glazing

layer 1 can be caculated by:
Nz=0.SS /4.0=0.1375
Simiar to the prevous probtem, the inside

surface conductance may be
estmated to be 1.46 Bt/hr-ft2-"F.
The conductance from the inner pane to

the outdoor air can be calcuated
by.
ho,z=t\ =T-]
1 = 0.88 Btu/hr-ft2-"F
(]_ O55 - 1-46
hen' the nward flowing fraction for gtazing
layer 2 canbe calcutated by:
/vz=0.55/0.gg=0.625
Using q. 7-38, the inward flowing fraction

of the glazing system is
N = []-63 4-(O.1375-. 1924+o.625*0'12) +

1375*0' 19+0'625*0' 1 1 l 22o'g
)]
= 'Jr';''
he solar irradiation absorbed by the frame
is the Same as the previous
probem, and is equa to 127 .80 Btu/hr'
Using q' 7-4O, the totat absorbed solar

heat gain of the fenestration
system is
7 -32 (Cont.)
+ 127 '80 = 212j6 Btu/hr'
Qo'"o'gt = 849'60*0'1OO
The total solar heat gain is then
Qwc = 1448'64
+ 212J6 = 1661'4 Btu/hr'

McQuiston HVAC Analysis Design 6th Solutions Parte1

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McQuiston HVAC Analysis Design 6th Solutions Parte1

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SOLUTION MANUAL

1-1 (a) 98 Btu/(hr-ft-F) x1.7307 = 170 W/(m-K)

(b) 0.24 Btu/(Ibm-F) x4186.8=1.0 kJ/kg-K

Btu 1 J 2.20462 Ibm MJ

(e) 1200 kW x 3412 = 4.1 x 10-6 Btu/hr

P = 996 Pa 1.0 kPa

TOTAL BILL = ENERGY CHARGE + DEMAND CHARGE

( 96,000 ) kw - hrs ( 0.045 ) $ / kw hr + ( 624 ) kw (11 50 ) $ / kw

+ $68 = $4,320 + $7,176 + $68 = $11,564

1-6 7 AM to 6 PM 11 hrs/day, 5 days/wk

1-9  = VA = 2 x 3.08 x 10-3 = 6.16 x 10-3m3/s

 = 6.16 x 10-3 x 998 = 6.15 kg/s

 = 7.07x10-2 x 4 = 0.283 m3 / s; = 1.255 kq/m3

 = 1.225 x 0.283 = 0.347 kg/s

1-10 V = 3x10x20 = 600m3

 = 600 x 1 x 1 = 4.17 x 10-2 m3/s

1-12 q wat = q air

11,200 = 5601.5 (t2-50); t2 = (11,200/5601.5) + 50 = 70 F

1-13 Diagram as in 1-12 above.

1.5 (4186)(90-t2) = 2.4 (1.225)(1.0)(30-20)(1000)

A= (1/12) x 10 = 2.618 ft2

q = 10x2.618x(212-50) = 4241 Btu/hr

1-15 A= x 0.25x4 = 3.14 16 m2

 = 5000x0.074x60 = 22,208 lbm/hr

q = 22,208x0.24(58-76) = -95,939 Btu/hr

Negative sign indicates cooling

(73.5x80) + (46.7 x 50)

2-1 through 2-20

Solutions are not furnished since many acceptable responses exist

3-1 (a) Pv = r Ps = 0.45(3.17)kPa = 1.43 kPa or 0.45(0.435) = 0.196 psia

Pa = 101 1.43 = 99.57 kPa or 14.696-0.196 = 14.5 psia

3-2 (a) English Units t = 80F; P = 14.696 psia;

Pv = 0.507 psia Table A-1a

i = 0.24t + W(1062.2 + 0.444t)

i = 0.24 (80) + 0.0222[1061.2 + 0.444(80)] = 43.55 Btu/lbm

(b) English Units 32F, 14.696 psia

Pv = 0.089 psia (Table A-1)

i = 0.24(32) + 0.00379 [1061.2 + 0.444(32)] = 11.76 Btu/lbma

3-2 (a) SI Units 27C; 101.325 kPa

Pv = 3.60 kPa, Table A-1b

i = 1.0t + W(2501.3 + 1.86t) kJ/kga

i = 27 + 0.0229(2501.3 + 1.86 x 27) = 85.43 kJ / kga

(b) SI Units 0.0C; 101.325 kPa

Pv = 0.61 kPa, Table A-1b

i = 0.0 + 0.00377 (2501.3 1.86 x 0.0) = 9.42 kJ/kga

t = 80 F; Pv = 0.507 psia (Table A-1a)

i = 0.24(80) + 0.0269 [1061.2 + 0.444(80)] = 48.7 Btu/lbma

(b) English Units t = 32 F, Pv = 0.089 psia ( Table A-1a)

i = 0.24(32) + 0.00456 [1061.2 + 0.444(32)] =12.58 Btu/lbma

3-3 (a) SI Units -27 C, 1500 m elevation

P = 99.436 + 1500(-0.01) = 84.436 kPa

Pv = 3.60 kPa, Table A-1b

i = 27 + 0.0277 (2501.3 + 1.86 x 27) = 97.68 kJ/kga

(b) SI Units 0.0C; 1500m or 84.436 kPa

Pv = 0.61 kPa; Table A-1b

i = 0.0 + 0.00453 (2501.3 0.0 x 1.86) = 11.33 kJ / kga

3-4 (a) English Units 70F, Pv = 0.363 psia

Pv = Pg = 0.75(0.363) = 0.272 psia

i = 0.24 (70) + 0.0117 [1061.2 + 0.444 (70)] = 29.58 Btu / lbma

(b) Pv = 0.75 (0.363) = 0.272 psia; P = 12.24 psia

i = 0.24(70) + 0.0141 [1061.2 + 0.444 (70)] = 32.20 Btu/ lbma

(a) 20C, 75% RH, Sea Level

Ps = 2.34 kPa; Pv = 0.75 x 2.34 = 1.755 kPa

i = 1.0 t + W(2501.3 + 1.86t)

1-9 = VA = 2 x 3.08 x 10-3 = 6.16 x 10-3m3/s

= 6.16 x 10-3 x 998 = 6.15 kg/s

= 7.07x10-2 x 4 = 0.283 m3 / s; = 1.255 kq/m3

= 1.225 x 0.283 = 0.347 kg/s

= 600 x 1 x 1 = 4.17 x 10-2 m3/s

1-12 q wat = q air

q = 10x2.618x(212-50) = 4241 Btu/hr

= 5000x0.074x60 = 22,208 lbm/hr

q = 22,208x0.24(58-76) = -95,939 Btu/hr

a = 5000 (0.0762) = 381 lbma / min = 22,860 lbma / hr

a = 5000 (0.061) = 305 lbma / min

a = 2.36 / 0.82 = 2.88 kga / s

a = 2.36 / 0.985 = 2.40 kga / s

q s = 63.95 (0.62) = 39.65 kW

q s = 203,317 (0.63) = 128,089. Btu/hr