Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Norden E. Huang
Research Center for Adaptive Data Analysis
Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine
National Central University
Zhongli, Taiwan, ROC
All sound, no matter how complex, can be
mathematically broken down into constituent
sine waves. Whether you know it or not.
Helmholtz 1863
Really?
Uncertainty Principle: t 1 2
1
Therefore, for 10 Hz; t 50m sec .
2 10 Hz
Speech Analysis
Hello : Data
Pitch perception
A trained ear, under optimal condition, can have
a smallest Just Noticeable differences (JNDs)
threshold (71% correct) at 0.2%.
-2
-4
-6
0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Time : sec
Fourier
0
Spectra Missing Fundamental: 10 and 7 Harmonics
10
10 Harmonics
7 Harmonics
-2
10
Spectral Density
-4
10
-6
10
-8
10
-10
10 0 1 2
10 10 10
Frequency: Hz
IMF Cosine 10 Harmonics
4097
8194
12291
16388
4097
8194
12291
16388
2.5
200
FM: Frequency (Hz)
2
150
1.5
100
1
50
0.5
1.8
150 1.6
1.4
100 1.2
1
0.8
50
0.6
0.4
50 100 150 200 250
Frequency (Hz)
Observations
Without the first three harmonics, the
Holo-Hilbert spectra are almost identical.
10 Harmonics
10
Cosine(even) Sine(odd)
Signal Magnitude
-5
-10
0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Time : sec
IMF Mixed Cosine(Odd) Sine(even)
4097
8194
12291
16388
1.8
150 1.6
1.4
1.2
100
1
0.8
50
0.6
0.4
50 100 150 200 250
Frequency (Hz)
Observations
Though the Frequency of the sound is still
similar to the pure cosine harmonics, the
envelope (AM) frequency is doubled.
Terminologies
Pitch