Seminar 4

Read the text below and complete the following tasks.

The ability of sports to galvanize national pride and identity was not lost on the world's
nationalist leaders. Adolf Hitler used the Olympic Games of 1936 as (1) _______.
Twenty-year-old Fritz Schilgen was tapped to run the torch into the stadium. He would be
the symbol of the Olympian ideal and not coincidentally, the Aryan ideal. Fritz Schilgen:
Everything was done to make the whole affair most effective. Naturally, at that time in
1936, my selection was not made on the basis of my running style alone. Without any
doubt, 1936 was an opportunity to show off. That means also to show what stands behind
it.
The athletes of the world's eleventh Olympiad, whether they knew it or not, were soldiers
(2) _______. And black athletes on the US team, who dominated events in track and field
were a severe threat to the Nazi propaganda offensive. Hitler would outrage US public
opinion when he refused to congratulate three-time gold-medal winner Jesse Owens.
Helen Stephens on the other hand the US women's 100 meters champion found herself on
the receiving end of a Nazi charm offensive. She was escorted to meet Hitler (3)
_______.
In 1938, all the forces that had shaped twentieth century sport, showmanship, money,
nationalism came together in a single event: the Joe Louis-Max Schmeling contest for the
heavyweight championship of the world. At stake was the heavyweight crown and for
Louis, (4) _______.
Two years earlier, the two found themselves on the brink of an international propaganda
war. The black Louis was an American hero. Schmeling was held up as the Nazi's
archetypal Aryan. Louis, a ten-to-one favorite, went down in the twelfth round. Eddie
Futch, a trainer, remembers: "That was one of the saddest days in this country that I've
ever seen. It was like a great president had died. The people just couldn't believe it." It
was a triumph for Nazi Germany.
Now, facing their second fight, the stakes were even higher: in some ways, it would be
(5) _______. Louis, Schmeling, and other popular sports heroes were used by their
countries in wartime propaganda campaigns.

1. Five phrases A-F have been removed from the text. Select the appropriate
sentence for each gap 1-5 in the text. There is one extra phrase that does not fit.
A. on receiving her medal
B. the first battle of World War II
C. an advertisement for Aryan achievement
D. a chance at redemption
E. outside the stadium
F. in a new kind of war

2. Complete the sentence below:

The Olympic Games are a chance for __________.

1. Each of the following sentences contains ONE error. Identify each of the errors
and write the correct form on your exam sheet.
1. You can find the toys in the children department.
2. Luggage are sold cheaply here.
3. All the guests leaved and went back to their homes.
4. Are you frightened about spiders?
5. Im going to stay in bed today. Ive got the cold.
6. I have spend all my money.
7. Some animals might attacked if they are provoked.
8. The two man were able to pull out the child quickly.
9. It doesnt seem to rain as frequent as it used to.
10. After coming back from school, he made his English homework
11. The mother elephant helped its baby across the river.
12. Although he is the big boy in his class, he is rather timid.
13. The hockey team has win all the matches so far.
14. His mother asked him to chose the shoes he liked best.
15. The boy which won the first prize is my friend.

2. Use the words in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the
space in the same line. An example (0) has been provided.
0. The cost of....has risen considerably. LIVE
The cost of LIVING has risen considerably.
1. I dont think she can be _________ impressed by their performance. EASY
2. Sarah speaks perfect French as she spent much of her __________ in Canada. CHILD
3. Ive ________ my wallet. Have you seen it anywhere? PLACE
4. Dont forget to ________ the modem when you have finished using it. CONNECT
5. Ben cries like a child when he doesnt get his own way. Hes so ________. MATURE
6. Olivers CV is truly _______. Hes bound to get the job. IMPRESS
7. Im not very good at _______. DRAW
8. I have a very ________ cat. PLAY
9. The teacher keeps a record of every students __________. ATTEND
10. Air-conditioning is a _______ if you live somewhere like the south of Spain.
NECESSARY
11.What a ________ idea! To betray your best friend! SHAME
12. The ________ of our research will be acknowledged much later. IMPORTANT
13. Ive told you what the situation is; you must act ________. ACCORDING
14. The smoker was ________ after running up the hill. BREATH
15. He is too sensitive. He just cant take ________. CRITIC

You receive an e-mail containing the following information.

Hello,
You know, Im planning a trip to the mountains and I was wondering if you could help
me with some information concerning the preparations (list, packing) I have to make
before leaving and suggestions on how to spend my time there (visiting sights,
entertainment, trips).
Im waiting for your reply.
Best regards.
Write a letter in reply. Do not sign it and do not write any addresses. Use between
70-120 words.

Translate the following text into Romanian

Switch To Cost Efficient Warmth For The Home With Underfloor Heating!

Underfloor heating is one of the most energy efficient methods of heating any building.
Although for many this type of heating is a new concept however its history has been
traced back at least 2,000 years to the Roman period and possibly to the great
civilisations of the Indus Valley, before that. The Romans relied on an innovative system
of flues and ducts, to circulate hot air (heated by an open fire) beneath the floors of
buildings. As heat rises it then provided the perfect way to heat the rooms above.
Thankfully, modern underfloor heating systems do not require an open fire; however they
do operate on a similar fundamental principle. Unlike a system of central heating
radiators or convection heaters (which create a vertical temperature gradient in a room,
colder at the bottom and warmer at the top), an underfloor heating system circulates a
greater proportion of its heat by radiation, rather than convection. Radiant heat energy is
absorbed, or reflected, by the walls, ceiling and furniture in a room, to provide even
heating throughout. Furthermore, the absence of convection currents in a room prevents
the circulation of dust which can be of no benefit to those suffering from respiratory
ailments or allergies.

Types of underfloor Heating

The two basic types of underfloor heating are "wet" systems, which, unsurprisingly,
involve hot water heated by a boiler, and "dry" systems, which involve electricity (and
are not connected to a boiler). Wet underfloor heating systems require a series of pipes
(typically forming a continuous loop between two central manifolds) which are laid onto
the sub-floor at the time of construction or renovation before the final surface of the floor
is laid. Hot water (typically at a temperature of between 40C and 60C, and therefore
cooler, and more economical, than a traditional radiator) is circulated through the piping
system. Wet underfloor heating systems are suitable for new builds or complete
renovation projects and extensions. Conservatories for example, which typically have
large windows, and limited wall space, can be an ideal location for a wet underfloor
heating system. Generally speaking, the larger the area of your home that is heated by wet
underfloor heating, the more economical it becomes- as little as 15 per square metre, or
less, in some cases, and it is particularly economical as the primary heating source in a
home.

Dry, or electric underfloor heating, on the other hand, is available in the form of basic
heating cables, woven mats, flat or "ribbon" cables, and heating films of carbon, or
aluminium. The cables, mats, or films are connected together, and linked to a thermostat,
possibly a timer, and main power supply, via a standard electrical supply. This form of
underfloor heating is therefore far more suitable for small or single rooms such as a
bathroom and where refurbishment needs to be achieved without digging up the existing
floor or one room at a time. With a cost, per square metre, typically between 15 and 25,
electric underfloor heating is economical as well as convenient to install and its running
costs are comparable to wet underfloor heating.

Benefits of underfloor Heating

Underfloor heating is optimally positioned, thermally, to heat a space with maximum

efficiency. Heat energy is radiated from the floor upwards so you experience the heat as it
rises in the first instance, rather than heating the space immediately below the ceiling and
wasting heat. Furthermore, the larger surface area of the floor compared standard
radiators, means that the heat output per unit area can be lower, in turn lowering fuel
costs and the "carbon footprint" of your home as a whole. The nature of the radiant heat
produced means that the surfaces in a room rather than the air surrounding those surfaces
are heated, so the air temperature in a room can actually be 2C lower, whilst still
providing the same level of even heating comfort.

Underfloor heating is of course hidden beneath the floor and is therefore unobtrusive as
well as invisible. This frees wall and floor space previously occupied by radiators and
allows you to design the interior of your home and position you furniture exactly how
you want it.

Underfloor heating is especially suitable for cold stone or tiled floors in bathrooms,
conservatories or kitchens, but is by no means limited to those applications. Underfloor
heating of one form or another, nowadays, can be incorporated beneath almost any
flooring type including laminate, or engineered wood, carpet or linoleum and so offers
possibilities for any room of the house.

Glossary:

Flues pipes
Gradient sloping
Loop curly
Manifold main collecting pipes
Conservatories green house
Flat plan
Refurbishment to polish