Calculus sample test 2017/6 (4.6, 8,1-8.7, 9.

3)

1. (P.251 ex.2)
Suppose that two motorboats leave from the same point at the same time. If one
travels north at 15 miles per hour and the other travels east at 20 miles per hour, how
fast will the distance between them be changing after 2 hours?

SOL: z 2 x2 y 2

dx
20 miles per hour
dt
dy
15 miles per hour
dt
We need to find dz/dt at the end of 2 hours, that is, when x = 40 miles and y = 30
miles.

dz dx dy dz 2 dz 2 dz dz
2z 2x 2 y 2z
dt dt dt NOTE: dt dz dt dt

dz
2(50) 2(40)( 20) 2(30)(15)
dt
dz
25 miles per hour
dt

2. (P. 451 ex.3)

Suppose that surf board company discussed earlier has determined that the demand
equations for its two types of boards are given by
p = 210 4x y
q = 300 + x 12y
where p is the price of the standard board, q is price of the competition board, x is the
weekly demands for standard boards, and y is the weekly demands for competition
boards.
(a) Find the weekly revenue function R(x, y), and evaluate R(20, 10).

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(b) If the weekly cost function is
C(x, y) = 700 + 70x + 100y
find the weekly profit function P(x, y) and evaluate P(20, 10).
SOL: (a)

Revenue = (demand for standard boards) (price of a standard board)

+ (demand for competition boards) (price of a competition board)

R(x, y) = x p + y q
R(x, y) = x (210 4x y) + y (300 + x 12y)
= 210x + 300y 4x2 + 2x y 12y2
R(20, 10) = 210 (20) + 300 (10) 4(20)2 + 2(20)(10) 12(10)2 = 4800
SOL: (b)
Profit = Revenue Cost
P(x, y) = R(x, y) C(x, y)
P(x, y) = 210x + 300y 4x2 + 2x y 12y2 (700 + 70x + 100y)
= 140x + 200y 4x2 + 2x y 12y2 700
P(20, 10) = 140 (20) + 200 (10) 4(20)2 + 2(20)(10) 12(10)2 700 = 1700

3. (P. 463 ex 5)
For z = f(x, y) = 3 x2 2 xy2 + 3x + 5y, find (a) fx (b) fxx (c) fxy(3, 2).
z
SOL: (a) fx 6x 2 y2 3
x
z
(b) f xx 6
x x
z
(c) f xy 4 y
y x

THEOREM 1 Local Extrema and Partial Derivatives

Let f(a, b) be a local extremum (a local maximum or a local minimum) for the function f.
If both fx and fy exist at (a, b), then
fx(a, b) = 0 and fy(a, b) = 0 (1)
Note: Points (a, b) such that conditions (1) hold are called critical points.

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THEOREM 2 Second-Derivative Test for Local Extrema
If
1. z = f(a, b)
2. fx(a, b) = 0 and fy(a, b) = 0 [(a, b) is a critical point]
3. All second-order partial derivatives of f exist in some circular region
containing (a, b) as center.
4. A = fxx(a, b), B = fxy(a, b), C = fyy(a, b),
Then

Case 1. If AC B2 > 0 and A< 0, then f(a, b) is a local maximum.

Case 2. If AC B2 > 0 and A> 0, then f(a, b) is a local minimum.

Case 3. If AC B2 < 0, then f has a saddle point at (a, b).

Case 4. If AC B2 = 0, the test fails.

4. (P. 474 ex 19)

Use the Second-derivative test for local extrema to find local extrema of the following
functions.
(A) f(x, y) = 2x4 + y2 12xy.
(B) f(x, y) = x2 + y2 10x 2y + 36.
SOL: (A)
STEP 1: Find critical points of f(x, y) = 2x4 + y2 12xy.
f
fx 8 x 3 12 y 0 (1)
x
f
fy 2 y 12 x 0 (2)
y
From (2), 2y = 12x, or y = 6x. Thus, according (1), we have

f x 8 x 3 12 y 8 x 3 12(6 x) 0
8x( x 2 9) 0

x = 0, or x=3 or x = -3
y= 0, or y= 18 or x = -18
Critical points are (0,0), (3,18), or (-3, -18).
(1) Test (0, 0):
STEP 2: Compute A = fxx(0,0), B = fxy(0,0), and C = fyy(0,0),

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 f
f xx 24x ,
2
A = fxx(0,0) = 0
x x
f
f xy 12 , B = fxy(0,0) = -12
y x

f
f yy 2, C = fyy(0,0) = 2
y y

STEP 3: Evaluate AC B2 and try to classify critical point (0, 0) by using Theorem 2
AC B2 = (0) (2) (12)2 = -144 < 0
f has a saddle point at (0, 0).
(2) Test (3, 18):
STEP 2: Compute A = fxx(3,18), B = fxy(3,18), and C = fyy(3,18),
f
f xx 24x 2 , A = fxx(3, 18) = 216
x x
f
f xy 12 , B = fxy(3, 18) = -12
y x

f
f yy 2, C = fyy(3, 18) = 2
y y

STEP 3: Evaluate AC B2 and try to classify critical point (0, 0) by using Theorem 2
AC B2 = (216) (2) (12)2 = 288 > 0 and A = 216 > 0
Therefore, f(3, 18) = -162 is a local minimum.
(3) Test (-3, -18):
STEP 2: Compute A = fxx(-3,-18), B = fxy(-3,-18), and C = fyy(-3,-18),
f
f xx 24x 2 , A = fxx(-3,-18) = 216
x x
f
f xy 12 , B = fxy(-3, -18) = -12
y x

f
f yy 2, C = fyy(-3, -18) = 2
y y

STEP 3: Evaluate AC B2 and try to classify critical point (0, 0) by using Theorem 2
AC B2 = (216) (2) (12)2 = 288 > 0 and A = 216 > 0
Therefore, f(-3, -18) = -162 is a local minimum.

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 2 x 4 + y 2 -12 x y

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-500

-1000

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 -5 0 5
x y

(B) f(x, y) = x2 + y2 10x 2y + 36.

SOL: (B)
STEP 1: Find critical points of f(x, y) = x2 + y2 10x 2y + 36..
f
fx 2 x 10 0 , x=5
x
f
fy 2y 2 0 , y=1
y
Thus, (5, 1) is the only critical point.
Test (5, 1):
STEP 2: Compute A = fxx(5,1), B = fxy(5,1), and C = fyy(5,1),
f
f xx 2 , A = fxx(0,0) = 2
x x
f
f xy 0, B = fxy(0,0) = 0
y x

f
f yy 2, C = fyy(0,0) = 2
y y

STEP 3: Evaluate AC B2 and try to classify critical point (0, 0) by using Theorem 2
AC B2 = (2) (2) (0)2 = 4 > 0 and A=2>0
Therefore, f(5, 1) = 0 is a local minimum.

5. (P. 481 ex 3) Optimization

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A rectangular box with an open top and one partition is to be constructed from 162
square inches of cardboard. Find the dimensions that result in a box with the largest
possible volume.
We must maximum the volume
V(x, y, z) = xyz
Subject to the constraint that the material used is 162 square inches, So
xy + 2xz + 3yz = 162

STEP 1: Maximize V(x, y, z) = xyz

subject to g(x, y, z) = xy + 2xz + 3yz 162 = 0

STEP 2: F(x, y, z, ) = xyz +(xy + 2xz + 3y 162)

STEP 3: Fx(x, y, z, ) = yz +(y + 2z ) = 0 (1)

Fy(x, y, z, ) = xz +(x + 3z ) = 0 (2)

Fz(x, y, z, ) = xy +(2x +3 y) = 0 (3)

F(x, y, z, ) = xy +2xz + 3yz - 162 = 0 (4)

From equations (1) and (2), we can write

yz xz

y 2z x 3z

Eliminating, we have

yz xz

y 2 z x 3z
- xyz - 3yz2 = - xyz - 2xz2
3yz2 = 2xz2
Assuming that z 0, thus,
3y = 2x or x = 3y/2.
From equations (2) and (3), we can write
xz xy

x 3z 2x 3y

Eliminating, we have

xz xy

x 3z 2 x 3 y

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 - 2x2z - 3xyz = -x2y -3xyz
2 x2z = x2y
Assuming that x 0, thus, 2z = y, or, z = y/2.
Substituting x = 3y/2 and z = y/2 into the fourth equation, we have
3y 3 y y y
y 2 3 y 162 0
2 2 2 2
3 2 3 2 3 2
y y y 162
2 2 2
9 2
y 162
2

y 2 36

Assuming that y > 0, thus, y = 6

x =3y/2 = 9
z =y/2 = 3
and finally
yz (6)(3)
1.5
y 2 z 6 2(3)
The only critical point of F with x, y, and z all positive is (9, 6, 3, -1.5)
The maximum volume of the box is 963 = 162 cubic inches.

6. (P. 493 ex 11)

Find the least square () line for the following data.

(-1,14), (1,12), (3,8), (5,6), (7,5).

x y ax + b
residual y - (ax + b)

-1 14 -a+b 14 + a - b
1 12 a+b 12 - a - b
3 8 3a + b 8 - 3a - b

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5 6 5a + b 6 - 5a - b
7 5 7a + b 5 - 7a - b
SOL: To obtain the regression line, we have to minimize
F(a, b) = (14 + a - b)2 + (12 - a - b)2 +(8 - 3a - b)2 +(6 - 5a - b)2 +(5 - 7a - b)2
Step 1: Find critical points:
Fa(a, b) = 2(14 + a - b)(1) + 2(12 - a - b)(-1) +2(8 - 3a - b)(-3)
+ 2(6 - 5a - b)(-5) + 2(5 - 7a - b)(-7)
= 170a + 30b - 174 = 0
Fb(a, b) = 2(14 + a - b)(-1) + 2(12 - a - b)(-1) +2(8 - 3a - b)(-1)
+ 2(6 - 5a - b)(-1) + 2(5 - 7a - b)(-1)
= 30a + 10b - 90 = 0

We need to solve for a and b, where

170a + 30b = 174 170a + 30b = 174
30a + 10b = 90 or 90a + 30b = 270
Then, 80a = -96, or a = -1.2. Thus, b = (90-30a)/10 = 12.6.
Obtaining (a, b) = (-1.2, 12.6) as the only critical point. The least square line is
y = -1.2 x + 12.6
STEP 2: Compute A = Faa(a,b), B = Fab(a,b), and C = Fbb(a,b),

Faa 170 , A = Faa(-1.2, 12.6) = 170

f ab 30 , B = Fab(-1.2, 12.6) = 30

f bb 10 , C = Fbb(-1.2, 12.6) = 10

STEP 3: Evaluate AC B2 and try to classify critical point (a, b) by using Theorem 2
AC B2 = (170)(10) (30)2 = 800 > 0 and A = 170 > 0
Therefore, case 2 of Theorem 2 applies, and F(a, b) has a local minimum
at the critical point (-1.2, 12.6). The least square line is
y = -1.2 x + 12.6

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7. (P. 501 ex 7)
Find the volume of the solid under the graph of f(x, y) = 1+x2+y2 over the rectangle R =
{(x, y)|0 x 1, 0 y 1}.
SOL:

V f ( x, y )dA
R

(1 x 2 y 2 )dA
R
1 1
(1 x
2
y 2 )dxdy
0 0
1

( x 13 x 3 xy2 ) xx 10 dy
0


1
4
0 3

y 2 dy
5
( 43 y 13 y 3 ) yy 10 cubic units
3

8. (P. 509 ex 4)

Evaluate (2 x y)dA , where R is the region bounded by the graphs of y x, x

9
+ y = 2, and y = 0.

From the graph, we can see that R is a regular y region. After solving each equation

for x, we can write (y )

R = {(x, y)| y2 x 2-y, 0 y 1} (da = dxdy)

(2 x y)dA (2 x y )dx)dy
1 2 y

R 0 y2

( x 2 yx) xx2y2 y dy
0
1


1

(2 y ) 2 y (2 y ) ( y 2 ) 2 y ( y 2 ) dy
0

4 2 y y
1
3
y 4 dy
0

1 4 1 5 y 1
(4 y y 2 y 5 x ) y 0
4
51
(4 1 14 15 ) 0
20

(sin x)
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9. (P. 534 ex 3) Evaluate cos xdx .

SOL: Let u = (sin x), du = (cos x) dx, thus,

6
u
(sin x) cos xdx u 5 du C
5

6
or
(sin x) 6
(sin x) cos xdx C
5

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