Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Checked by Signature
Claude Audrac
Validated by Signature
Anand Pandey
CERTIFICATION
We, M/s SYSTRA S.A., hereby certify that this report has been checked and approved in accordance
with the DDCs approved Quality Assurance Plan.
Signature:
DDCs Project Principal
Jean Pierre BERGOEND
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. PREAMBLE ....................................................................................... 8
1.1 Brief Presentation of Mukundpur to Yamuna Vihar Corridor Project.............. 8
1.2 Scope and aim ............................................................................ 8
2. STRUCTURAL ISSUES .......................................................................... 9
2.1 Units ........................................................................................ 9
2.2 Construction Tolerances ................................................................. 9
2.3 Materials Parameters .................................................................... 9
2.3.1 Cement ...................................................................................................... 9
2.3.2 Concrete..................................................................................................... 9
2.3.3 Cover Requirements for 120 years durability of structures ........................................ 10
2.3.4 Density...................................................................................................... 11
2.3.5 Poissons Ratio ............................................................................................ 11
2.3.6 Thermal Expansion Coefficient ......................................................................... 11
2.3.7 Youngs Modulus .......................................................................................... 11
2.3.8 Modular Ratio ............................................................................................. 11
3.3.5 Temperature............................................................................................... 19
3.3.6 Seismic Loads .............................................................................................. 20
A. Dynamic Earth pressure method ........................................................................... 21
B. Free Field deformation Method ............................................................................ 21
3.3.7 Construction/Erection.................................................................................... 22
3.3.8 Shrinkage and Creep ...................................................................................... 22
3.3.9 Differential Settlement. ................................................................................. 23
3.3.10 Earth Pressure.......................................................................................... 23
3.3.11 Surcharge ............................................................................................... 23
3.3.12 Groundwater ........................................................................................... 23
3.3.13 Air Pressure............................................................................................. 24
5 Page
ABBREVIATIONS
DMRC Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited
EDMS Electronic Document Management System
EL Elevated (Package, Station or Section)
UG Underground (Package, Station or Section)
6
Page
DEFINITIONS
Project DMRC Contract:CCDD-1R
Delhi Metro Project Line-7
Cast in situ Wall made of plain concrete or reinforced concrete, which is
concrete constructed in a trench excavated in the ground. The
Diaphragm wall concrete is placed through concreting pipes, beneath the
supporting fluid in the case of liquid-supported trenches or in
some cases, in dry conditions.
Panel Section of a diaphragm wall which is concreted as a single
unit. A diaphragm panel may be linear, T-shaped, L-shaped,
or of other configuration.
7
Page
1. PREAMBLE
After the realization of the first two phases of Delhi Metro, DMRC has started the
development of its 3rd Phase. Line 7 Corridor project from Mukundpur to Yamuna Vihar
is part of this 3rd phase.
This report highlights the structural design basis for stations on underground section.
This Design Basis defines the structural design assumptions for Underground Station /
Cut & Cover portion, as described above.
The aim is to collect in a unique document for all the design input and procedures to
be employed for the calculation and design of underground structures.
The report gives the basis for calculations including the applicable codes and
standards, the material properties, the design method, the loading to be taken into
account and the considered load combinations.
The present document will be used as reference for the future calculation notes and
structural drawings.
It should be adopted in conjunction with the Geotechnical Interpretative Report
specific for each Underground structure.
8
Page
2. STRUCTURAL ISSUES
2.1 Units
The main units used for design will be: [t], [m], [mm], [kN], [KN/m2], [MPa], [C],
[rad]
Due allowance will be made for tolerances in construction of the diaphragm walls.
The diaphragm walls will be set out on the drawings so that the inside faces of the
diaphragm walls, at platform level, will not intrude into the station further than the
back of the cavity shown on the architects drawings. The tolerances for other
members shall be as per contract specifications.
2.3.1 Cement
2.3.2 Concrete
Table 1:
Characteristics of main construction Materials (structural elements in contact with non
aggressive soil of Delhi )
S. Structural Components Grade of W/C Minimum
No. concrete Cment
(cube) Content
(Kg/m3)
1 Inner slabs, beams & M35 0.4 400
columns
2 Outer slabs M35 0.4 400
3 Outer cast-in-situ walls M35 0.4 400
against form work
4 Diaphragm walls M35 0.4 400
A.) For Underground structural elements in contact with non aggressive soil of
Delhi
S. Structural Components Nominal
No. Cover
(mm)
1 Inner slabs, beams & 50
columns
2 Outer slabs 50
3 Outer cast-in-situ walls 50
against form work
4 Diaphragm walls 75
2.3.4 Density
Modular ratio for all concrete grades shall be taken as per Annex B of IS:456.
2.4 Reinforcement
- E = 200,000 MPa
- fy = 500 MPa
2.4.4 Density:
- 78.5 kN/m3
2.5.1 General
13
Page
Table 2.2 Cover and crack width criteria (for 120 years durability of structures)
C.) For Underground structural elements in contact with non aggressive soil of
Delhi
S. Structural Nominal Cover for
No. Components Cover crack width
(mm) check from
any
reinforcement
1 Inner slabs, beams & 50 40
columns
2 Outer slabs 50 40
3 Outer cast-in-situ 50 40
walls against form
work
4 Diaphragm walls 75 40
3.1 General
Unless specified otherwise the design of concrete and steel elements shall
conform to IS 456 and IS 800, respectively.
The Train Live Load for Mukundpur-Yamuna Vihar Corridor will have the following
axle configuration
a b c b a
22100mm-one car
17
Page
3.3.3.4 Fatigue
The nominal loading for the design of members in accordance with fatigue
requirements shall comprise trains with six individual cars each having four
axles, the axle loads and vehicle lengths as specified in 3.3.3.1.
Fatigue load histories shall be evaluated to provide valid and representative
design spectra, with stress histories analysed by the rain flow or equivalent
method, both in conjunction with the projected annual tonnages of rail
traffic per track. The provisions of BS 5400 Part 10 Clause 9.3.3 or other
relevant methods may be used as a rigorous method of evaluation of
compliance with fatigue criteria.
18
Page
3.3.3.5 Dynamic
3.3.3.6 Derailment
As per latest Design Code ACI 358.1R-92, for derailment check, derailment
load corresponds to the application of 50% of one coach weight, applied
horizontally as a 5m long uniform impact load on the track slab top flange.
This DR load corresponds to an ULS load. For SLS combinations, a 1/1.75
coefficient shall be applied to the DR load.
The adjacent structures are to be protected by direct means (e.g.
strengthening) or indirect means (e.g. repositioning rail alignments or
providing barriers) to ensure these structures are still functional after an
impact occurs. It is required to mitigate impact effects on elements that
may be adversely affected without enhancements.
3.3.5 Temperature
The seismic aspects will be as per IS: 1893 (Part 1-2002). The project site
falls in Zone IV. Ductile detailing shall be as per IS13920 & IS4326.
As per clause 6.4.2 of IS: 1893 (Part 1-2002), the design horizontal seismic
coefficient Ah for a structure shall be determined by the following
expression:
Z I Sa
Ah =
2 R g
Where,
- Zone factor (Z) = 0.24
- Response reduction factor (R) = 5.0 (As per Table 7 for ductile detailing as
per IS 4326 or IS 13920)
20
Page
As per clause 6.4.5 of IS: 1893 (Part 1-2002), the vertical seismic coefficient
will be taken as 2/3rd of the design horizontal seismic coefficient.
As per clause 7.12.2.2 of IS: 1893 (Part 1-2002), all Cantilever horizontal
projections shall be designed and checked for stability for 5 times the
design vertical seismic coefficient.
Pertinent to a cut and cover tunnel and underground station box structure that is
flexible relative to its surrounding medium, such as all tunnels in rock and most
tunnels in soils. In the present Delhi UG tunnel case, it is reasonable to assume that
the tunnel deforms according to its surrounding mediums.
During earthquakes a rectangular box structure in soil or in rock will experience
transverse racking deformation (sideways motion) due to shear distortion of the
ground. The racking effect on the structure is similar to that of an unbalanced
loading condition.
The recommended Free Field deformation / Raking Method to be used for cut and
cover tunnel and underground station box structure shall be as per paper Seismic
Design and Analysis of Underground Structures by Youssef M.A Hashash, Jeffrey J
Hook, Birger Schmidt & John I-Chiang Yao.
21
Page
Based on Ref : IS 1893 only for PGA values and Load combination
Load Combinations for ODE :
Ductile Detailing
In view of the non-availability of any specific codal provisions on Ductile Detailing of
underground Structures, it is proposed that IS 13920 : Ductile Detailing of Reinforced
Concrete structures subjected to Seismic Forces may be used.
The outer slabs & walls of Cut & Cover RCC Box structures are primarily flexural
members and accordingly; in general, section 6.0 of IS 13920 shall be applicable.
However, for Internal Columns, Beams and Slabs respective sections of the code shall
be applied.
3.3.7 Construction/Erection
The weight of all permanent and temporary materials together with all other forces
and effects which can operate on any part of structure during construction shall be
taken into account. Allowances shall be made in the permanent design for locked-
in stresses caused in any member during construction.
Provisions shall be made for the effects of shrinkage and creep within
concrete structures. This includes interface shear transfer mechanisms as a
result of differential creep and residual shrinkage effects from staged
casting of concrete elements. The shrinkage and creep strains shall be
included in calculation of long term deflection of all structural elements in
accordance with Annexure C of IS 456-2000 and the limits specified in
Section 2.8 shall be applied.
22
Page
Underground vertical elements that are in direct contact with the ground
shall be designed as permanent retaining walls to resist the lateral earth
pressure. The Contractor shall deduce the earth pressure coefficients based
on his geotechnical investigations.
3.3.11 Surcharge
3.3.12 Groundwater
The deflection limitations imposed in IS 456 and IS 800 shall be followed for
Concrete and Structural Steel elements respectively.
The deflection of a structure or part thereof shall not adversely affect the
appearance or efficiency of the structure or finishes or partitions. The
deflection shall be limited to the following.
a) Diaphragm wall
The maximum allowed calculated displacement for diaphragm wall in urban
environment will be 35 mm corresponding to 25 mm vertical displacement at
ground.
According to CIRIA C517 (Temporary Propping of Deep Excavation Guidance
on design, 1999), the comparative wall and ground movements of propped
24
Page
walls in deep uniform soils are as shown in the figure below (after Burland et
al., 1979).
Hence, if
V2 = 25mm (permissile vertical displacement in adjacent buildings),
H
2 = 30 - 40 mm
b) Concrete structures
The final deflection due to all loads including the effects of temperature,
creep and shrinkage and measured from the as-cast level of the, supports of
floors, roofs and all other horizontal members, should not exceed span/250.
The deflection including the effects of temperature, creep and shrinkage
occurring after erection of partitions and the application of finishes should
not normally exceed span/350 or 20 millimetres whichever is less.
c) Steel structures
Designs shall comply with the limits defined in IS 800.
3.6.1 Flotation
1. Flotation shall be checked considering water table at ground level.
2. For protection against flotation the following shall apply.
a. A load factor of 0.9 shall be applied to the self-weight of the
structure, including the first stage only of the track concrete.
b. A load factor of 1.0 shall be applied to the weight of backfill material
over the structure.
25
Page
c. A load factor of 0.5 shall be applied to the skin friction between the
concrete surface and the soil.
d. The overall factor of safety against flotation shall not be less than 1.1
for any of the conditions defined above.
3. The Contractor shall check all proposed cut-and-cover structures for the
possibility of flotation due to differential water pressure and shall design
each and every underground structure such that the factors of safety
against flotation are achieved for all load cases.
4. The Contractor shall ensure that his method and sequence of
construction is such that an adequate resistance to uplift is maintained
at all times, and shall put forward his proposal to this effect.
5. Suitable measures such as those listed below to counteract flotation
forces for the Permanent Works shall be incorporated in the
Contractors design. The measure(s) chosen shall suit the particular
conditions and the method of construction:
a. Toeing-in of the base slab into the surrounding ground.
b. Increasing the dead weight of the structure by:
i) Thickening of structural members; providing an extra thickness of
concrete beneath the base slab tied into the structural base slab;
ii) Extending the excavation support walls;
iii) Providing counterweights in parts of the structure with high density
material;
iv) Providing tension piles.
6. Where the base slab is toed-in to the surrounding ground a partial safety
factor of 2.0 shall be applied to the shear resistance of the ground
above the toe and the adhesion factor shall not apply. The value of the
weight of ground above the toe shall be calculated as for the backfill
material.
7. The value of the weight of any additional thickness of concrete shall
take account of the increased volume of water displaced.
26
Page
1. The design of all cut-and-cover structures shall take into account, but not
be limited to the following:
a) The variation in ground conditions along the alignment.
b) The variation in engineering properties of soil or rock within the
influence of the proposed works.
c) All dewatering and groundwater cut-off systems required to maintain
dry and stable conditions within all excavations required for these
Works.
d) Any ground treatment before, during or after construction of the
Works (e.g. groundwater recharge) which is required to stabilise the
ground and EBS in order to minimise adjacent ground and EBS
movement and distortion.
e) Methods by which the completed structure shall be secured against
flotation. Any temporary dewatering system shall not be turned off
unless the structure will not be subject to leakage or flotation when
the ground water returns to the design levels.
f) Differential groundwater pressures: - Drawdown of the groundwater
levels outside the station and cut and cover tunnel walls shall be
limited to no more than 2 metres from the existing average
groundwater level. In general, groundwater levels interior to
construction excavations shall not be depressed more than 1.0m below
final subgrade level.
g) Methods of waterproofing the completed structure.
h) The magnitude of ground and EBS movements and distortions, and
changes in loading conditions on these EBS that might be expected as a
result of the works and how these will be mitigated so as to comply
with any imposed constraints or so as to minimise disturbance to these
EBS.
i) Any difficulties that the Contractors intended plant might meet with in
respect of access, clearances, working space and obstruction to
excavation.
j) Maintenance of traffic flows along roads including access to adjoining
properties and roads.
k) Noise levels produced during construction, and subsequent operation
of the railway.
l) Control of heave, swell, piping and instability of the excavations.
m) The effects of vibration and vibration induced movements e.g.
earthquake.
1) General
a) The Contractor shall prepare and submit to the Employers
Representative for his notice a detailed Design Report including
calculations schedules and drawings for each proposed excavation
support wall construction, prior to the commencement of any such
works. This Design Report shall take into account but not be limited to
the following:
i) Earth pressure.
ii) Hydrostatic pressure.
iii) Deck load
iv) Surcharge loads.
v) Seismic and/or vibratory loads
vi) Support types and arrangement.
vii) Any other incidental load.
viii)Construction/deconstruction sequence.
ix) Calculated ground and adjacent EBS movements and distortions.
x) Calculated fluctuations in groundwater levels both within and outside
of the excavation and support walls.
xi) Calculated changes in EBS loading conditions.
29
Page
2) Method Statement
a) The Contractor shall prepare a Method Statement giving the full details
of materials, plant and operations involved in the construction of
excavation support walls. This Method Statement shall be incorporated
into the Design Report submission for the Employers Representatives
notice and shall include but not be limited to the following details:
i) Formation of the joints between panels and installation of water
stops.
ii) Method of producing the durable concrete.
iii) Methods of handing within the excavations and disposing of
groundwater outside of the excavations.
iv) Sequence of excavation and concreting of panels.
v) Methods of instrumenting, monitoring and reporting of the
performance of all adjacent EBS that may be affected by the works.
vi) Methods of instrumenting, monitoring and reporting on the
performance of the excavation support walls.
vii) Type and construction of permanent lining wall.
viii) Emergency procedures to be implemented in the event that
monitoring indicates tolerances associated with the excavation
support wall may be exceeded.
b) Where temporary ground support is to be provided using bentonite
slurry, the following additional information shall be provided in the
Method Statement for these works.
i) Mixing, transporting and placing equipment for the bentonite slurry.
ii) Method of disposal of contaminated bentonite slurry.
iii) Type, source, chemical and physical properties of the bentonite to
be used.
iv) Stability, dimensions and details of guide walls.
v) Cleaning and re-use of the bentonite slurry.
vi) Calculations to show that the density of the bentonite and lowest
head of slurry are sufficient to maintain the stability of the trench
excavated for the support wall, in the ground conditions envisaged,
to its full depth.
4.4.1 General
The design life of a structure or component is that period for which the item
is required to fulfil its intended function when maintained in accordance with
30
Page
The design life of all pavements shall conform to IRC codes and MORTH
requirements.
4.5.2 Waterproofing
4.7.1 Corners
The Contractor shall pay particular attention corner joints of large structural
members. External wall/slab junctions shall be provided with crack control
steel and transverse ties. Radius of bend of main tension bars shall be
increased to cater for the high bearing stresses within the bend.
The design and detailing of construction joints shall be sufficient for the
proposed works and minimised to reduce the risk of leakage.
4.8 Instrumentation
1. The Contractor shall instrument, monitor and report on ground and EBS
movement and distortion, groundwater level, stress and displacement
in the excavation and lateral support system, structural movement
during construction to check his predictions.
2. Monitoring shall be carried out on a case-by-case day-to-day or more
frequent basis depending upon the importance of the EBS and/or the
risk of damage to that EBS. Special attention shall be paid to the
historical buildings and wells located along the alignment.
3. Monitoring shall begin prior to commencement of the Works to enable
instrument base-line values to be determined accurately, and shall
continue until all movements and distortions to the ground and EBS
,and changes to the groundwater table that might be attributed to the
Works, as shown by the monitoring, have effectively ceased for a
period of three months.
36
Page
37
Page
[5] IRC 5 1985 Standard Specifications & Code of Practice for Road
Bridges, Section-I General Features of Design
[6] IRC 6 1966 Standard Specifications & Code of Practice for Road Bridges,
Section-II Load and Stresses
[7] IRC 101961 Recommended Practice for Borrowpits for Road Embankments
Constructed by Manual Operation
[8] IRC 111962 Recommended practice for the design of layout of cycle racks
[9] IRC 181985 Design Criteria for Pre-stressed Concrete Road Bridges (Post-
Tensioned Concrete)
[10] IRC 19:1977 Standard Specifications and code of Practice for Water Bound
Macadam
[11] IRC 21:1987 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges
Section Ill-Cement Concrete (Plain and Reinforced)
[12] IRC i2:1986 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges,
Section VI - Composite Construction
[13] IRC 241967 Standard Specifications and Code of practice for Road Bridges,
Section V - Steel Road Bridges
[14] IRC 361970 Recommended Practice for the Construction of Earth
Embankments for Road Works
[15] IRC 371984 Guidelines for the Design of Flexible Pavement
[16] IRC 451972 Recommendations for Estimating the Resistance of Soil below
the maximum Scour Level in the Design of Well Foundations of Bridges
[17] IRC 481972 Tentative Specifications for Bituminous Surface Dressing Using
Pre-coated Aggregates
[18] IRC 751979 Guidelines for the Design of High Embankments
[19] IRC 781983 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges,
Section VII (Parts 1 and 2), Foundations and Substructure
38
Page
[20] IRC 831987 Standard Specifications and code of practice for Road Bridges,
Section IX - Bearings Part I & II: Bearings (Metallic and Elastomeric)
[21] IRC 871984 Guidelines for the Design and Erection of False Work for Road
Bridges
[22] IRC 891997 Guidelines for Design and Construction of River Training and
Control Works for Road Bridges
[23] IRC:SP111988 Handbook of Quality Control for Construction of Roads and
Runways
[24] IS 383:1970: Coarse and fine aggregates from natural Sources for concrete
[25] IS 432:1982: Mild steel and medium tensile steel bars and hard-drawn steel
wire for concrete reinforcement
Part 1: Mild steel and medium tensile steel bars
Part 2: Hard-drawn steel wire
[26] IS 456:2000: Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete
[27] IS 516:1959: Method of test for strength of concrete
[28] IS 875:1987: Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures
[29] IS 1732:1989: Dimensions for round and square steel bars for structural and
general engineering purposes
[30] IS 1786:1985: High strength deformed steel bars and wires for concrete
reinforcement.
[31] IS 1888:1982: Method of load tests on soils
[32] IS 1892:1979: Code of practice for sub surface investigations for foundations
[33] IS 1893:1984: Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures
[34] IS 1893:2002: Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures,
Part 1: General Provisions and Buildings
[35] IS 1904: 1986 : Design and construction of foundations in soils - General
Requirements
[36] IS 2386:1963: Methods of test for aggregates for concrete
Part 1: Particle size and shape
Part 2: Estimation of deleterious materials and organic impurities
Part 3: Specific gravity, density, voids, absorption and bulking
Part 4: Mechanical properties
Part 5: Soundness
Part 6: Measuring mortar making properties of fine aggregates
Part 7: Alkali aggregate reactivity
Part 8: Petrographic examination
[37] IS 2430:1969: Methods of sampling of aggregate for concrete
[38] IS 2720 1972-2002 Methods of Tests for Soils (all Parts)
[39] IS 4326:1993: Earthquake resistant design and construction of buildings code
of practice IS 5529:1985: Code of practice for in-situ permeability tests
[40] IS 5816:1970: Method of test for splitting tensile strength of concrete
cylinders
39
Page
[50] ASTM C 1202 Test method s for Electrical indication of concretes ability to
[51] ASTM C 1240 Micro Silica / Silica fume in concrete
[52] ASTM D 297 Methods for Rubber Product Chemical Analysis
[53] ASTM D- 395 Compression Set of vulcanized rubber
[54] ASTM D 412 Tension testing o vulcanized rubber
[55] ASTM D- 429 Adhesion of vulcanized rubber to metal
[56] ASTM D 573 Accelerated aging of vulcanized rubber
[57] ASTM D-624 Tear resistance of vulcanized rubber
[58] ASTM D- 797 Youngs modulus in flexure of elastomer at normal subnormal
[59] ASTM D 1075 Effect of water on cohesion of compacted bituminous mixtures
[60] ASTM D 1143 Test method for piles under static axial comp. test
[61] ASTM D 1149 Accelerated ozone cracking of vulcanized rubber
[62] ASTM D 1556 In-situ density by sand replacement
[63] ASTM D-1559 Test for resistance to plastic flow of bituminous mixture using
[64] ASTM D -2172 Extraction quantitative , of bitumen from bituminous paving
[65] ASTMD D -2240 Indentation hardness of rubber and plastic be means of a
[66] ASTM D 3689 Testing method of testing individual piles under static axial
[67] ASTM D- 4945 Test method for high strain dynamic testing of piles
[68] ASTM E 11 Specification for wire cloth sieve for testing purpose
concrete works
40
Page
[90] AASHTO T96-77 Resistance to abrasion of small size coarse aggregate by use
of the los Angeles machine
[91] AASHTO T99-81 The moisture density relations of soil using a 5.5-ib (2.5kg)
[92] AASHTO 10477 Soundness of aggregate by use of sodium sulphate or
[93] AASHTO T176-73 Plastic fines in graded aggregates and soil by use of the
[94] AASHTO T 180-74 The moisture density relation of soils using a 10-lb (4.54kg)
[95] AASHTO T 182-82 Coating and stripping of bitumen aggregate mixtures
[96] AASHTO T191-61 Density of soil in place by the sand cone method
5.1.6 BS Standards
[97] BS 4395(part2) High strength friction grip bolts and associated nuts and
washers for structural Engineering higher Grade
[98] BS:4447 The performance of pre-stressing anchorages for post tensioned
[99] BS: 4486 Hot rolled and hot rolled & processed high tensile alloy steel bars for
pre tensioning of concrete
[100] BS: 4550 Method of testing cement
41
Page
[101] BS: 4592 Industrial type metal flooring , walkways and stair treads
[102] BS: 4604 The use of high strength friction grip bolts in structural steel work .
Higher grade (parallel shank)
[103] BS:4870 Approval testing of welding procedures
[104] BS: 4871 Approval testing of welders working to approval welding procedure
[105] BS: 5075 Concrete admixtures
[106] Bs: 5135 Process of arc welding of carbon and carbon manganese steel
[107] BS: 5212 Part 2 Cold poured joint sealants for concrete pavements
[108] BS: 5328 Methods for specifying concrete , including ready mixed concrete
[109] BS: 5400 Code of practice design of concrete bridges
[110] BS:5400 (Part-6) Specification for material and workmanship, steel
[111] BS: 5606 Accuracy in building
[112] BS: 5606 High tensile steel wire and stand for the pre s-stressing of concrete
[113] BS: 5950 (Part 2) Specification for materials, fabrication and erection : hot
rolled sections
[114] BS : 6105 Corrosion resistant stainless steel fasteners
[115] BS: 6164 Safety in Tunnelling in the construction industry
[116] BS: 6443 Penetrant flaw detection
[117] BS: 6681 Specification for malleable cast iron
[118] BS: 7079 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and
[119] BS: 7542 Method of test of curing compound for concrete
[120] BS: 8110 Structural use of concrete
[121] BS: 8301 Section 5 Code of practice for building drainage
[122] CIRIA Report C660 Early age thermal crack control in concrete
[123] CIRIA Report 91 Early age thermal crack control in concrete UIC/772-R:
International Union of Railways Publication
[124] SS 460 48 66 1991: Swedish Standard Vibration and Shock Guidance Levels for
Blast-Induced Vibrations
[125] NS8141 1993: Vibration and Shock in Structures, Guidance Limits for Blasting
induced Vibrations
[126] International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM)
[127] Austrian Society for Rock Mechanics: Geotechnical Underground Structure
Design
[128] Austrian Standard 2203: Mechanised Tunnelling
[129] Eurocode 2: Reinforced Concrete
[130] Eurocode &: Geotechnical Design
[131] National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 130-2007: Standard for Fixed
42
Page
43
Page
44
Page
LoadCaseDetail L/CNo. 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.5DL
+1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL +1.5IL
(MaxH (MaxH (MaxH (MINH (MINH (MaxH (MaxH (MaxH (MINH (MINH
MAXV) MAXV) MINV) MAXV) MAXV) MAXV) MAXV) MINV) MAXV) MAXV)
LoadCaseDetail L/CNo. 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.5DL 1.5DL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL 1.2DL+1.2IL
+1.5EL +1.5EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.5EL +1.5EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL +1.2EL
(MaxHMAX (MaxH (MaxH (MaxH (MINH (MINH (MaxH (MaxH (MaxH (MaxH (MINH (MINH
V) MAXV) MINV) MINV) MAXV) MAXV) MAXV) MAXV) MINV) MINV) MAXV) MAXV)
SelfWeight 1 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1 1 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1 1 1.2 1.2
SIDL 2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1 1 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1 1 1.2 1.2
SoilBackfill 3 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1 1 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1 1 1.2 1.2
LiveLoadonconcourse&platform 4 0 0 0.6 0.6 0 0 0.6 0.6 0 0 0.6 0.6 0 0 0.6 0.6
TrainLiveLoad 5 0 0 1.2 1.2 0 0 1.2 1.2 0 0 1.2 1.2 0 0 1.2 1.2
LateralPressureSub(WTatGL)K0 6 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LateralPressureSub(WTatGL)Ka 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LateralPressureSat_K0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0 0
LateralPressureSat_Ka 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
VerticalSurchargeLoad 10 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 0 0 1.2 1.2 0 0 1.2 1.2 0 0 1.2 1.2
LateralSurcharge(TowardsRight) 11 1.5 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 0 0
LateralSurcharge(TowardsLeft) 12 0 1.5 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 0
LateralSurcharge(Bothsides) 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
WaterPressureonwalls 14 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
WaterPressureuplift 15 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1 1 1.2 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RackingForce(TowardsRight) 16 1.5 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 1.5 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 1.2 0
RackingForce(TowardsLeft) 17 0 1.5 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 1.5 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 1.2
SLS
3001 3002 3003 3004 3005 3101 3102 3103 3104 3105
SubmergedWater@GL SaturatedSoil
LoadCaseDetail L/CNo. 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+ 1.0DL+
1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL 1.0IL
(MaxH (MaxH (MaxH (MINH (MINH (MaxH (MaxH (MaxH (MINH (MINH
MAXV) MAXV) MINV) MAXV) MAXV) MAXV) MAXV) MINV) MAXV) MAXV)
SelfWeight 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SIDL 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SoilBackfill 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
LiveLoadonconcourse&platform 4 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
TrainLiveLoad 5 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
LateralPressureSub(WTatGL)K0 6 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LateralPressureSub(WTatGL)Ka 7 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
LateralPressureSat_K0 8 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
LateralPressureSat_Ka 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
VerticalSurchargeLoad 10 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
LateralSurcharge(TowardsRight) 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LateralSurcharge(TowardsLeft) 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LateralSurcharge(Bothsides) 13 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
WaterPressureonwalls 14 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
WaterPressureuplift 15 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
RackingForce(TowardsRight) 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RackingForce(TowardsLeft) 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Design Basis Report
Cut & Cover Structures
48
Page
Document Reference:
CCDD-1R DTD UG0 STR REP 00085 R2
Contract Stage Localisation Discipline Type Number Index
Guidelines For Selection of Geotechnical Parameters
Anand Pandey
Checked by Signature
Claude AUDRAC
Validated by Signature
CERTIFICATION
We, M/s SYSTRA S.A., hereby certify that this report has been checked and approved in accordance
with the DDCs approved Quality Assurance Plan.
Signature:
DDCs Project Principal
Jean Pierre BERGOEND
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. CORRELATION BETWEEN CORRECTED SPT N VALUE AND ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION OF SOIL 4
2. CORRELATION BETWEEN SPT N VALUE AND UNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOIL ....... 7
3. BASIC PROPERTIES OF SOIL ....................................................................... 9
4. CHARACTERISTIC SPT N VALUE .................................................................. 13
5. CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CONE BEARING RESISTANCE QC AND SPT N VALUE .................... 14
6. ELASTIC MODULUS OF SOIL ...................................................................... 16
7. MODULUS OF SUBGRADE REACTION .............................................................. 25
8. COEFFICIENT OF EARTH PRESSURE .............................................................. 27
9. DESIGN OF PILE .................................................................................. 28
10. LIQUEFACTION ANALYSIS ........................................................................ 29
3
Page
Angle of Internal friction can also be calculated from Cone penetration Test
(Foundation Analysis and Design by Bowles JE)
= 29 + qc0.5 (Reduce 5 degree for silty Sand)
Where qc is cone bearing pressure in units of MPa
Correlations for Angle of internal friction are just a guide and shall be confirmed with Laboratory
tests. For clayey Silt and clayey Sand angle of internal friction can be calculated from
consolidated drained test or Consolidated undrained triaxial test with pore pressure
measurement.
Recommendation: Soil strength parameters should be calculated either by direct shear test or
consolidated drained triaxial test. In absence of laboratory test where undisturbed sample is not
collected and in hard or very dense soil strata where degree of disturbance is more in collection of
undisturbed soil sample soil strength parameters may be calculated from empirical correlation
either from SPT N value or Cone penetration resistance. For calculation of strength parameters
from SPT N value, SPT N value must be corrected for overburden and dilatancy effect and Corrected
SPT value should be restricted to 50.
For undrained behaviour, the following correlation can be used in order to obtain the
undrained shear strength:
Su = qu/2 = 5*N60
10
11
3.6 Typical value of Effective angle of internal friction for non cohesive soil
12
SPT N Value
13
14
15
16
17
The modulus of elasticity Es (Schmertmann, 1970) with the standard penetration test (SPT) or the cone
penetration test (CPT)
2
Soil Type Es/N60 (tsf) Es/N60 (kN/m )
18
19
B) Cohesive Soil
20
4.2 Calculation of Soil Modulus for cohesive soil for from Shear Strength
The following empirical correlations may be used to estimate Es for cohesive soils:
Es = 750Su to 1200Su for Normally Consolidated Clay to Lightly Over Consolidated Clay
Where Su = Undrained shear strength of clay
21
Recommendation on Soil Modulus From SPT N Value : Loking All the correlation above it is
recommended to use the following correlations between uncorrected SPT N value and drained Soil
modulus in Delhi Soil for all design purpose
Type os Soil Es/N60 (kPa)
Silts, sandy silts, slightly cohesive silt-sand 400
mixtures (Ip < 15%)
Silty Sand (%fines<30) 500
Silty Sand (% Fines 12 to 30) 700
Fine to medium sand (% Fines <12) 1000
Silty Clay / Sandy Clay (15< Ip<30) 500
22
Clayey sand Es = (3 to 6) qc
23
The pressuremeter modulus Ep has been related empirically (Menard 1965) to the modulus of deformation Es,
of the soil for use in calculations based on the theory of elasticity as
Es = Ep /
in which was termed by Menard the rheological coefficient. According to Menard the value of a depends on
the type of soil and the ratio Ep/PL as indicated in Table below
25
Dry/Moist Submerged
Horizontal Modulus of Subgrade Reaction can be taken as two times of Vertical Modulus of Subgrade reaction as
calculated from Vesic equation given above.
Vertical Modulus of Subgrade Reaction for Raft can also be calculated from method given in Foundation
Analysis and Design by Bowles J E
26
27
9. DESIGN OF PILE
Bored Cast-in-situ pile shall be design as per IS: 2911 2010 (Part 1 Sec-2)
28
29