PROBLEM 5.

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

SOLUTION

A, in 2 x , in y , in x A,in 3 y A,in 3
1 8 0.5 4 4 32
2 3 2.5 2.5 7.5 7.5
11 11.5 39.5

X A= xA

X (11 in 2 ) = 11.5 in 3 X = 1.045 in.

Y A=yA

Y (11) = 39.5 Y = 3.59 in.

 PROBLEM 5.2

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

SOLUTION
For the area as a whole, it can be concluded by observation that
2
Y = (72 mm) or Y = 48.0 mm
3

Dimensions in mm

A, mm 2 x , mm x A, mm3

1
1 30 72 = 1080 20 21,600
2

1
2 48 72 = 1728 46 79,488
2

2808 101,088

Then X A = x A X (2808) = 101, 088 or X = 36.0 mm

 PROBLEM 5.3

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

SOLUTION

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

1 126 54 = 6804 9 27 61,236 183,708
1
2 126 30 = 1890 30 64 56,700 120,960
2
1
3 72 48 = 1728 48 16 82,944 27,648
2
10,422 200,880 277,020

Then X A = xA
X (10, 422 m 2 ) = 200,880 mm 2 or X = 19.27 mm

and Y A = yA
Y (10, 422 m 2 ) = 270, 020 mm3 or Y = 26.6 mm
 PROBLEM 5.4

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

SOLUTION

A, in 2 x , in y , in x A, in 3 y A, in 3

1
1 (12)(6) = 36 4 4 144 144
2

2 (6)(3) = 18 9 7.5 162 135

54 306 279

Then XA = xA
X (54) = 306 X = 5.67 in.
YA = yA
Y (54) = 279 Y = 5.17 in.
 PROBLEM 5.5

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

SOLUTION

By symmetry, X = Y

Component A, in 2 x , in. x A, in 3

I Quarter circle (10) 2 = 78.54 4.2441 333.33
4
II Square (5)2 = 25 2.5 62.5
53.54 270.83

X A = x A: X (53.54 in 2 ) = 270.83 in 3
X = 5.0585 in. X = Y = 5.06 in.
 PROBLEM 5.6

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

SOLUTION

A, in 2 x , in. y , in. x A, in 3 y A, in 3
1 14 20 = 280 7 10 1960 2800
2 (4) 2 = 16 6 12 301.59 603.19
229.73 1658.41 2196.8

xA 1658.41
Then X= = X = 7.22 in.
A 229.73
y A 2196.8
Y = = Y = 9.56 in.
A 229.73
 PROBLEM 5.7

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

SOLUTION

By symmetry, X = 0

Component A, in 2 y , in. y A, in 3

I Rectangle (3)(6) = 18 1.5 27.0

II Semicircle (2) 2 = 6.28 2.151 13.51
2

11.72 13.49

Y A=yA
Y (11.72 in.2 ) = 13.49 in 3
Y = 1.151 in.

X =0
Y = 1.151 in.
 PROBLEM 5.8

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

SOLUTION

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm x A, mm3 y A, mm3

1 (60)(120) = 7200 30 60 216 103 432 103

2 (60) 2 = 2827.4 25.465 95.435 72.000 103 269.83 103
4

3 (60) 2 = 2827.4 25.465 25.465 72.000 103 72.000 103
4

7200 72.000 103 629.83 103

Then XA = x A X (7200) = 72.000 103 X = 10.00 mm

YA = y A Y (7200) = 629.83 103 Y = 87.5 mm

 PROBLEM 5.9

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

SOLUTION

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm x A, mm3 y A, mm3

1
1 (120)(75) = 4500 80 25 360 103 112.5 103
2

2 (75)(75) = 5625 157.5 37.5 885.94 103 210.94 103

3 (75) 2 = 4417.9 163.169 43.169 720.86 103 190.716 103
4

5707.1 525.08 103 132.724 103

Then XA = x A X (5707.1) = 525.08 103 X = 92.0 mm

YA = y A Y (5707.1) = 132.724 103 Y = 23.3 mm

 PROBLEM 5.10

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

SOLUTION

First note that symmetry implies X = 0

A, in 2 y , in. yA, in 3

(8) 2
1 = 100.531 3.3953 341.33
2

(12) 2
2 = 226.19 5.0930 1151.99
2

125.659 810.66

y A 810.66 in 3
Then Y = = or Y = 6.45 in.
A 125.66 in 2
 PROBLEM 5.11

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

SOLUTION

First note that symmetry implies X =0

A, m 2 y, m yA, m3

4
1 4.5 3 = 18 1.2 21.6
3

2 (1.8) 2 = 5.0894 0.76394 3.8880
2

12.9106 17.7120

y A 17.7120 m3
Then Y = = or Y = 1.372 m
A 12.9106 m 2
 PROBLEM 5.12

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

SOLUTION

Area mm2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

1 11.52 106 1.92 106

1 (200)(480) = 32 103 360 60
3

1 0.72 106 0.06 106

2 (50)(240) = 4 103 180 15
3

28 103 10.80 106 1.86 106

X A = x A: X (28 103 mm 2 ) = 10.80 106 mm3

X = 385.7 mm X = 386 mm

Y A = y A: Y (28 103 mm 2 ) = 1.86 106 mm3

Y = 66.43 mm Y = 66.4 mm
 PROBLEM 5.13

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

SOLUTION

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm3 yA, mm3

1 (15)(80) = 1200 40 7.5 48 103 9 103

1
2 (50)(80) = 1333.33 60 30 80 103 40 103
3
2533.3 128 103 49 103

Then X A = xA

X (2533.3) = 128 103 X = 50.5 mm

YA = yA
Y (2533.3) = 49 103 Y = 19.34 mm
 PROBLEM 5.14

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

SOLUTION

Dimensions in in.

A, in 2 x , in. y , in. xA, in 3 yA, in 3

2
1 (4)(8) = 21.333 4.8 1.5 102.398 32.000
3
1
2 (4)(8) = 16.0000 5.3333 1.33333 85.333 21.333
2
5.3333 17.0650 10.6670

Then X A = xA
X (5.3333 in 2 ) = 17.0650 in 3 or X = 3.20 in.

and Y A = yA
Y (5.3333 in 2 ) = 10.6670 in 3 or Y = 2.00 in.
 PROBLEM 5.15

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

SOLUTION
Dimensions in mm

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm x A, mm3 y A, mm3

1 47 26 = 1919.51 0 11.0347 0 21,181
2

1
2 94 70 = 3290 15.6667 23.333 51,543 76,766
2

5209.5 51,543 55,584

x A 51,543
Then X= = X = 9.89 mm
A 5209.5

y A 55,584
Y = = Y = 10.67 mm
A 5209.5
 PROBLEM 5.16

Determine the x coordinate of the centroid of the trapezoid shown in terms of

h1, h2, and a.

SOLUTION

A x xA

1 1 1
1 h1a a h1a 2
2 3 6

1 2 2
2 h2 a a h2 a2
2 3 6

1 2
1 a ( h1 + 2h 2 )
a(h1 + h 2 ) 6
2

x A 6 a ( h1 + 2h 2 ) 1 h1 + 2h 2
1 2
X= = 1 X= a
A 2
a (h1 + h 2 ) 3 h1 + h 2
 PROBLEM 5.20

The horizontal x-axis is drawn through the centroid C of the area shown, and
it divides the area into two component areas A1 and A2. Determine the first
moment of each component area with respect to the x-axis, and explain the
results obtained.

SOLUTION

Length of BD:
0.84in.
BD = 0.48 in. + (1.44 in. 0.48 in.) = 0.48 + 0.56 = 1.04 in.
0.84 in. 0.60 in.
Area above x-axis (consider two triangular areas):
1 1
Q1 = y A = (0.28 in.) (0.84 in.)(1.04 in.) + (0.56 in.) (0.84 in.)(0.48 in.)
2 2
= 0.122304 in 3 + 0.112896 in 3

Q1 = 0.2352 in 3
Area below x-axis:
1 1
Q2 = yA = (0.40 in.) (0.60 in.)(1.44 in.) (0.20 in.) (0.60 in.)
2 2
= 0.1728 in 3 0.0624 in 3

Q2 = 0.2352 in 3

|Q| = |Q2 |, since C is centroid and thus, Q = y A = 0

 PROBLEM 5.21

The horizontal x-axis is drawn through the centroid C of the area shown,
and it divides the area into two component areas A1 and A2. Determine the
first moment of each component area with respect to the x-axis, and
explain the results obtained.

SOLUTION

Dimensions in mm

Area above x-axis (Area A1):

Q1 = y A = (25)(20 80) + (7.5)(15 20)
= 40 103 + 2.25 103

Q1 = 42.3 103 mm3

Area below x-axis (Area A2):

Q2 = y A = (32.5)(65 20) Q2 = 42.3 103 mm3

|Q1| = |Q2 |, since C is centroid and thus, Q = y A = 0

 PROBLEM 5.32

Determine the distance h for which the centroid of the shaded

area is as far above line BB as possible when (a) k = 0.10,
(b) k = 0.80.

SOLUTION

A y yA

1 1 1 2
1 ba a a b
2 3 6

1 1 1
2 (kb)h h kbh 2
2 3 6

b b 2
(a kh) ( a kh 2 )
2 6

Then Y A = yA
b b
Y ( a kh) = (a 2 kh 2 )
2 6

a 2 kh 2
or Y = (1)
3(a kh)

dY 1 2kh(a kh) (a 2 kh 2 )( k )
and = =0
dh 3 ( a kh) 2

or 2h(a kh) a 2 + kh 2 = 0 (2)

Simplifying Eq. (2) yields

kh 2 2ah + a 2 = 0
 PROBLEM 5.34

Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown. Express your
answer in terms of a and h.

SOLUTION

h
We have y= x
a
and dA = (h y )dx
x
= h 1 dx
a
xEL = x
1
yEL = (h + y )
2
h x
= 1 +
2 a
a
a x x2 1
Then A = dA = 0
h 1 dx = h x = ah
a 2 a 0 2
a
a x x 2 x3 1
and x EL dA = 0
x h 1 dx = h = a 2 h
a 2 3a 0 6
a h x x
y EL dA = 0

2
1 + h 1 dx
a a
a
h2 a x2 h2 x3 1
=
2 0
1
a
2

dx =
2


x 2
= ah2
3a 0 3

1 1 2

xA = xEL dA: x ah = a 2 h
2 6
x=
3
a

1 1 2

y A = yEL dA: y ah = ah2
2 3
y=
3
h
 PROBLEM 5.35

Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown. Express

your answer in terms of a and h.

SOLUTION

y = h(1 kx3 )

For x = a, y = 0.

0 = h(1 k a3 )

1
k=
a3

x3
y = h 1 3
a
1
xEL = x, yEL = y dA = ydx
2
a
a a x3 x4 3
A = dA = 0
ydx = 0
h 1 3 dx = h x 3 = ah
a 4a 0 4

a
a a x4 x2 x5 3
x EL dA = 0
xydx = 0
h x 3 dx = h 3 = a 2 h
a 2 5a 0 10

a 1 1 a x3 h2 a 2 x3 x 6
yEL dA = 0
y ydx =
2 2 0
h 2 1 3 dx =
a 2 0
1 3 + 6
a a
dx

a
h2 x4 x7 9 2
= x 3 + 6 = ah
2 2a 7a 0 28

3 3 2

xA = xEL dA: x ah = a 2 h
4 10
x=
5
a

3 9 2 3

yA = yEL dA: y ah =
4 28
ah y=
7
h
 PROBLEM 5.36

Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown. Express

your answer in terms of a and h.

SOLUTION

At (a, h), y1 : h = ka 2

h
or k=
a2
y2 : h = ma

h
or m=
a
Now xEL = x
1
yEL = ( y1 + y2 )
2
h h
and dA = ( y2 y1 )dx = x 2 x 2 dx
a a
h
= 2 (ax x 2 ) dx
a
a
a h h a 1 1
Then
A = dA = 0 a2
(ax x 2 )dx = 2 x 2 x3 = ah
a 2 3 0 6
a
ha h a 1 1
and xEL dA =
0
x 2 (ax x 2 ) dx = 2 x3 x 4 = a 2 h
a a 3 4 0 12

( )
1 1 2
yEL dA =
2
( y1 + y2 )[( y2 y1 ) dx] =
2
y2 y12 dx

1 a h 2 2 h2 4
=
2 0
2 x 4 x dx
a a
a
1 h2 a 2 3 1 5
= x x
2 a4 3 5 0
1
= ah 2
15

PROBLEM 5.36 (Continued)

1 1 1

xA = xEL dA: x ah = a 2 h
6 12
x=
2
a

1 1 2

yA = yEL dA: y ah = ah 2
6 15
y=
5
h
 PROBLEM 5.38

Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown.

SOLUTION

b 2
For the element (EL) shown, y= a x2
a
and dA = (b y ) dx

=
b
a (
a a 2 x 2 dx )
xEL =x
1
yEL = ( y + b)
2
=
b
2a (
a + a 2 x2 )
Then A = dA = 0
a b
a(a a 2 x 2 dx)
To integrate, let x = a sin : a 2 x 2 = a cos , dx = a cos d
/2 b
Then A= 0 a
(a a cos )(a cos d )
/2
b 2 2 2
= a sin a + sin
a 2 4 0

= ab 1
4

b
(
)
a
and x EL dA = 0
x a a 2 x 2 dx
a
/2
b a 2 1 2 2 3/2
= x + ( a x )
a 2 3 0
1 3
= ab
6
 PROBLEM 5.38 (Continued)

b
( b
) (
)
a
y EL dA = 0 2a
a + a 2 x 2 a a 2 x 2 dx
a
a
b2 a b 2 x3
= 2 ( x ) dx = 2
2
2a 0 2a 3 0
1 2
= ab
6
1 2a

xA = xEL dA: x ab 1 = a 2 b
4 6
or x =
3(4 )

1 2b

yA = yEL dA: y ab 1 = ab 2
4 6
or y =
3(4 )

 PROBLEM 5.40

Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown. Express

your answer in terms of a and b.

SOLUTION

b 2
y1 = k1 x 2 but b = k1a 2 x y1 =
a2
b
y2 = k2 x 4 but b = k2 a 4 y2 = 4 x 4
a
b x
4
dA = ( y2 y1 )dx = 2 x 2 2 dx
a a
xEL = x
1
yEL = ( y1 + y2 )
2
b x4
= 2 x 2 + 2
2a a

b a x4

A = dA =
2
x dx
a2 0
a2
a
b x3 x5
= 2 2
a 3 5a 0
2
= ba
15
a b x4

xEL dA = x 2 x 2 2 dx
0 a a
b a x5
a 0
= 2 x3 2 dx
a
a
b x4 x6
= 2
a2 4 6a 0
1 2
= a b
12
 PROBLEM 5.40 (Continued)

a b 2 x4 b 2 x4
yEL dA = 0 2a 2
x + 2 2
a a
x 2 dx
a
b2 a x8
= x 4 dx
4
2a 4 0
a
a
b 2 x5 x9 2 2
= 4 4 = ab
2a 5 9a 0 45

2 1 5

xA = xEL dA: x ba = a 2b
15 12
x= a
8

2 2 2 1

yA = yEL dA: y ba =
15 45
ab y = b
3
 PROBLEM 5.41

Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown. Express your
answer in terms of a and b.

SOLUTION

First note that symmetry implies y =b

At x = a, y=b
b
y1 : b = ka 2 or k=
a2
b 2
Then y1 = x
a2
y2 : b = 2b ca 2
b
or c=
a2
x2
Then y2 = b 2 2
a
x2 b 2
Now dA = ( y2 y1 )dx2 = b 2 2 2 x dx
a a
x2
= 2b 1 2 dx
a
and xEL = x
a
a x2 x3 4
Then A = dA 0
2b 1 2
a
dx = 2b x 2 = ab
3a 0 3
a
a x2 x2 x4 1
and 0
xEL dA = x 2b 1 2 dx = 2b 2 = a 2b
a 2 4a 0 2
4 1 3

xA = xEL dA: x ab = a 2b
3 2
x= a
8
 PROBLEM 5.43

Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown. Express

your answer in terms of a and b.

SOLUTION

2b
For y1 at x = a, y = 2b, 2b = ka 2 , or k =
a2
2b 2
Then y1 = x
a2
b x
By observation, y2 = ( x + 2b) = b 2
a a

Now xEL = x

1 b 2b 2
and for 0 x a, yEL = y1 = 2 x 2 and dA = y1 dx = x dx
2 a a2
1 b x x
For a x 2a, yEL = y2 = 2 and dA = y2 dx = b 2 dx
2 2 a a
a 2b 2 2a x
Then
A = dA = 0 a2
x dx + a
b 2 dx
a
2a
a x
a
2b x3
2
7
= 2 + b 2 = ab
a 3 0 2 a
0
6

a 2b 2a x
and xEL dA = 0
x 2 x 2 dx +
a a
x b 2 dx
a
a 2a
2b x 4 x3
= 2 + b x2
a 4 0 3a 0
1 2 1 2
= a b + b (2a) 2 (a) 2 + (2a ) (a )3
2 3a
7 2
= a b
6
 PROBLEM 5.43 (Continued)

a b 2 2b 2 2a b x x
yEL dA = 0
x
a 2 a 2
x dx +
0
2 b 2 dx
2 a a
2a
b2 a x
a
2b 2 x5
3
= 4 + 2
a 5 0 2 3 a
a
17 2
= ab
30

7 7
Hence,
xA = xEL dA: x ab = a 2b
6 6
x =a

7 17 2 17

yA = yEL dA: y ab =
6 30
ab y=
35
b
 PROBLEM 5.45

A homogeneous wire is bent into the shape shown. Determine by direct

integration the x coordinate of its centroid.

SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
Now xEL = r cos and dL = rd
7 / 4 3
Then
L = dL = /4
r d = r[ ]7/ 4/ 4 = r
2
7 /4
and xEL dL = /4
r cos (rd )

= r 2 [sin ] 7/4/ 4
1 1
= r2
2 2
= r 2 2

3 2 2
Thus
xL = x dL : x r = r 2 2
2
x =
3
r
 PROBLEM 5.46

A homogeneous wire is bent into the shape shown. Determine by direct

integration the x coordinate of its centroid.

SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the
corresponding line.

Now xEL = a cos3 and dL = dx 2 + dy 2

where x = a cos3 : dx = 3a cos 2 sin d

y = a sin 3 : dy = 3a sin 2 cos d

Then dL = [(3a cos 2 sin d ) 2 + (3a sin 2 cos d )2 ]1/ 2

= 3a cos sin (cos 2 + sin 2 )1/ 2 d
= 3a cos sin d
/2
/2 1
L = dL = 0
3a cos sin d = 3a sin 2
2 0
3
= a
2
/2
and x EL dL = 0
a cos3 (3a cos sin d )
/2
1 3 2
= 3a 2 cos5 = a
5 0 5

3 3 2
Hence,
xL = xEL dL : x a = a 2
2 5
x=
5
a

Alternative Solution:
2/3
x
x = a cos3 cos 2 =
a
2/3
y
y = a sin sin =
3 2

a
2/3 2/3
x y
a + = 1 or y = (a 2/3 x 2/3 )3/2
a
 PROBLEM 5.46 (Continued)

dy
Then = (a 2/3 x 2/3 )1/ 2 ( x 1/3 )
dx
Now xEL = x

2
dy
and dL = 1 +
dx

{ }
1/2
2
dx = 1 + ( a 2/3 x 2/3 )1/2 ( x 1/3 ) dx

a
a a1/3 3 3
Then
L = dL = 0 x1/3
dx = a1/3 x 2/3 = a
2 0 2

a a1/3 3
a
3
and xEL dL = 0
x 1/3 dx = a1/3 x5/3 = a 2
x 5 0 5

3 3 2
Hence
xL = xEL dL : x a = a 2
2 5
x=
5
a
 PROBLEM 5.47*

A homogeneous wire is bent into the shape shown. Determine by

direct integration the x coordinate of its centroid. Express your
answer in terms of a.

SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
1
We have at x = a, y = a, a = ka3/2 , or k =
a
1
Then y= x3/ 2
a
dy 3 1/2
and = x
dx 2 a

Now xEL = x

2
dy
and dL = 1 + dx
dx
1/2
3
2
= 1 + x1/2 dx
2 a
1
= 4a + 9 x dx
2 a
a 1
Then L = dL = 0 2 a
4a + 9 x dx
a
1 2 1
= (4a + 9 x)3/ 2
2 a 3 9 0
a
= [(13)3/2 8]
27
= 1.43971a
a 1
and x EL dL = 0
x
2 a
4a + 9 x dx

 PROBLEM 5.47* (Continued)

Use integration by parts with

u=x dv = 4a + 9 x dx
2
du = dx v= (4a + 9 x)3/ 2
27

1
a
2 3/2 2
a
Then xEL dL = x (4a + 9 x)
2 a 27 0 0 27
(4a + 9 x)3/ 2 dx

a
(13)3/2 2 1 2
= a (4a + 9 x)5/2
27 27 a 45 0
a2 2
= (13) [(13) 32]
3/ 2 5/2
27 45
= 0.78566a 2

xL = xEL dL : x (1.43971a ) = 0.78566a 2 or x = 0.546a
 PROBLEM 5.50

Determine the centroid of the area shown when a = 2 in.

SOLUTION

We have xEL = x
1 1 1
yEL = y = 1
2 2 x

1
and dA = ydx = 1 dx
x
a 1 dx
A = dA = 1 x 2 = [ x ln x]1 = ( a ln a 1) in
a 2
Then
1
a
a 1 x 2 a2 1
and x EL dA = 1
x 1 dx = x =
x 2 1 2
a + in 3
2

a 1 1 1 1 a 2 1
yEL dA =
1 2
1 1 dx =
x x 2 1
1 x + 2 dx
x
a
1 1 1 1
= x 2ln x = a 2ln a in 3
2 x 1 2 a
a2
a+ 1

xA = xEL dA: x = 2
a ln a 1
2
in.

a 2ln a 1a

yA = yEL dA: y =
2(a ln a 1)
in.

Find x and y when a = 2 in.

1
(2) 2 2 + 1
We have x= 2 2
or x = 1.629 in.
2 ln 2 1
2 2ln 2 12
and y= or y = 0.1853 in.
2(2 ln 2 1)
 PROBLEM 5.51

Determine the value of a for which the ratio x / y is 9.

SOLUTION

We have xEL = x
1 1 1
yEL = y = 1
2 2 x

1
and dA = y dx = 1 dx
x
a 1 dx
Then A = dA = 1
1
x 2
= [ x ln x]1a

= (a ln a 1) in 2
a
a 1 x 2
and x EL dA = 1
x 1 dx = x
x 2 1
a2 1
= a + in 3
2 2

a 1 1 1 1 a 2 1
yEL dA = 1 2
1 1 dx =
x x 2 1
1 x + 2 dx
x
a
1 1
= x 2ln x
2 x 1
1 1
= a 2ln a in 3
2 a
a2
a+ 1

xA = xEL dA: x = 2
a ln a 1
2
in.

a 2ln a 1a

yA = yEL dA: y =
2(a ln a 1)
in.
 PROBLEM 5.51 (Continued)

x
Find a so that = 9.
y

We have
x xA
= =
x
EL dA

y yA
y EL dA

1
a2 a + 1
Then 2 2
=9
1
2 ( a 2 ln a a1 )
or a 3 11a 2 + a + 18a ln a + 9 = 0

Using trial and error or numerical methods, and ignoring the trivial solution a = 1 in., we find
a = 1.901 in. and a = 3.74 in.
 PROBLEM 5.53

Determine the volume and the surface area of the solid obtained by rotating the
area of Problem 5.2 about (a) the line y = 72 mm, (b) the x-axis.

SOLUTION
From the solution of Problem 5.2, we have

A = 2808 mm 2
x = 36 mm
y = 48 mm
Applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
(a) Rotation about the line y = 72 mm:

Volume = 2 (72 y ) A
= 2 (72 48)(2808) Volume = 423 103 mm3

Area = 2 yline L
= 2 ( yline ) L
= 2 ( y1 L1 + y3 L3 )

where y1 and y3 are measured with respect to line y = 72 mm.

Area = 2 (36)
( )
482 + 722 + (36) ( 302 + 722
)
Area = 37.2 103 mm 2
(b) Rotation about the x-axis:
Volume = 2 yarea A
= 2 (48)(2808) Volume = 847 103 mm3

Area = 2 yline L = 2 ( yline ) L

= 2 ( y1 L1 + y2 L2 + y3 L3 )

= 2 (36)
( )
482 + 722 + (72)(78) + (36) ( )
302 + 722

Area = 72.5 103 mm 2

 PROBLEM 5.54

Determine the volume and the surface area of the solid obtained by rotating the
area of Problem 5.8 about (a) the line x = 60 mm, (b) the line y = 120 mm.

SOLUTION
From the solution of Problem 5.8, we have
A = 7200 mm 2
x A = 72 103 mm3
y A = 629.83 103 mm3
Applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
(a) Rotation about line x = 60 mm:

Volume = 2 ( x + 60) A = 2 ( xA + 60 A)
= 2 [72 103 + 60(7200)] Volume = 2.26 106 mm3

Area = 2 xline L = 2 ( xline ) L

= 2 ( x1 L1 + x2 L2 + x3 L3 )
2(60) (60) 2(60) (60)
= 2 60 + 60 + + (60)(120)
2 2
where x1 , x2 , x3 are measured with respect to line x = 60 mm. Area = 116.3 103 mm 2
(b) Rotation about line y = 120 mm:

Volume = 2 (120 y ) A = 2 (120 A yA)

= 2 [120(7200) 629.83 103 ] Volume = 1.471 106 mm3

Area = 2 yline L = 2 ( yline ) L

= 2 ( y1 L1 + y2 L2 + y4 L4 )

where y1 , y2 , y4 are measured with respect to line y = 120 mm.

2(60) (60) 2(60) (60)

Area = 2 120 + + (60)(120)
2 2

Area = 116.3 103 mm 2

 PROBLEM 5.56

Determine the volume and the surface area of the chain link
shown, which is made from a 6-mm-diameter bar, if R = 10 mm
and L = 30 mm.

SOLUTION
The area A and circumference C of the cross section of the bar are

A= d 2 and C = d .
4
Also, the semicircular ends of the link can be obtained by rotating the cross section through a horizontal
semicircular arc of radius R. Now, applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have for the volume V,
V = 2(Vside ) + 2(Vend )
= 2( AL) + 2( RA)
= 2( L + R) A

or V = 2[30 mm + (10 mm)] (6 mm) 2
4
= 3470 mm3 or V = 3470 mm3

For the area A, A = 2( Aside ) + 2( Aend )

= 2(CL) + 2( RC )
= 2( L + R)C

or A = 2[30 mm + (10 mm)][ (6 mm)]

= 2320 mm 2 or A = 2320 mm 2
 PROBLEM 5.64

Determine the capacity, in liters, of the punch bowl

shown if R = 250 mm.

SOLUTION
The volume can be generated by rotating the triangle and circular sector shown about the y-axis. Applying the
second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus and using Figure 5.8a, we have
V = 2 xA = 2 xA
= 2 ( x1 A1 + x2 A2 )
1 1 1 1 3 2 R sin 30 2
= 2 R R R + R

3 2 2 2 2 3 6 6
R3 R3
= 2 +
16 3 2 3
3 3
= R3
8
3 3
= (0.25 m)3
8
= 0.031883 m3

Since 103 l = 1 m3
103 l
V = 0.031883 m3 V = 31.9 l
1 m3