The Global Crisis 1921-1941

 Hoover makes a 10 wk good-will tour through latin am. And when he wwas in
office he abstained from intervention of neighboring nations. = withdrew troops
from Haiti and Nicaragua.
 New policy: would grant diplomatic recognition to any government despite how it
gained power.
 Hoover repudiated the Roosevelt corollary and Monroe Doctrine by not
interventing in latin am when debt wasn’t paid in oct. 31
 Extensions to1921 limits on naval contruction did not occur b/c fr and br. Scared
of german and jap militarism
 Japan invades and conquers Manchuria and attacks shanghai
 FDR enters office 1933
 Bombshell message by FDR rejected agremt of currency stabilization
 April 1943 –FDR signs bill that prohibits US banks from making loans to any
nation in default on debts.
 Mistrust created btwn us and ussr b/c us trade failed to gain foothold in ussr
disappointing U.S. and U.S. did little to assure USSR of stopping jap expainsion
in Asia.
 Good-Neighbor policy and Hull’s No state has right to intervene in int/external
affairs or another.
 Neutrality act 1935-estab’d mandatory arms embargo v. both sides in any military
conflict and directed the president to warn u.s. citizens v. traveling on ships of
warring nations.
 Cash and carry policy- warring nations could purchase nonmilitary goods from
the US and could do so only by [aying cash and shipping their purchases
themselves.
 Spaniash Falangist revolt vs. republican govt. Hitler and Mussolini suprt franco
w/ weapons
 Chicago oct. 1937- FDR calls for quarantine of aggressors to prevent spread of
war
 Dec. 12-’37 japs bomb and sink US gunboat Panay as it sailed the Yangtze riv. In
China. Took Japs apologies b/c wanted to remain isolationist.
 G’y rearms Rhineland – 1936
 March-’38 G’y marches into Austria and declares an union btwn them GY and A
 Hitler wants Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia and C want to fight them but no
one wanted to help, they wantd peace so fr an br met with g’y and gave
Sudetenland as long as hitler wouldn’t expand.
 Stalin signs non-agression pact with hitler in 1939 aug. freeing gy from two front
war.
 Sept. 1st -39 hitler invades Poland. BR and FR declare war on gy on sept 3rd. =
began ww2 in Euro.
 Spring 1940-Germany Blitzkrieg or firebombs Denmark and Norway then
Netherlands and Belgium then France.
 June 10th musso invades Fr. From south and hitler attacks from North.
 June 22nd Fr falls.
 Burke-Wadsworth Act-1st peacetime military draft
 Lend-Lease- allow us to sell and lend or lease arms to any nation deemed pivotal
to defense of US. England basically had to return weapons US lended.
 1941 US launches naval war vs. g’y
 Atlantic Charter- Aug. 1941 Btwn BR and US called for final destruction of Nazi
Tyranny. Statement of War aims.
 Tripartite Pact- loose defensive alliance btwn G’y Italy + Japan
 July ’41 Japs seize cap. Of Vietnam, colony of fr.
 FDR warns them not to attck dutch eat indies but Tokyo doesn’t respond = US
freezes Jap assets in US = limits jap ability to purchase am supplies
 7:55 a.M. Sunday Dec. 7th 1941 japs attack pearl harbor.
 Dec. 9th senate and house vote to begin war.
 Dec. 12th GY and Italy declare war on US. Congress reciprocates.