Cad

CAD MANUAL
CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION TO CAD
2. SOFTWARE FOR CAD-INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENT SOFTWARES
3. PRACTICES EXERCISES ON CAD SOFTWARE
4. DRAWING OF PLANS OF BUILDING USING SOFTWEAR a)single store &
b)multi store building
5. DEVELOPING SECTIONS AND ELAVATIONS FOR )single store & b)multi store
building
6. DETAILING OF BUILDING COMPONENTS LIKE DOORS,WINDOWS ETC
7. EXERCISES ON DEVELOPMENT OF WORKING OF BUILDING
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Ex.No:01 COMMANDS USED IN AUTO CAD
AIM:-
To study about special features & advantages of auto cad & about the various drawing,
editing in auto cad detail.
Cad is computer aided design & draft. Auto cad is mostly widely used cad software develop
by auto desk using auto cad.
Auto cad is a drafting package of use in cad. There are drafting package like cad key DIAP,
CAMD, Delights etc. Auto cad is one of the popular cad packages.
It is a general purpose computer aided design we can draw geometrical entries rotate &
trim.
Auto cad is used to create two methods.
COMMAND MODE
MENU MODE
COMMAND MODE:-
In this mode the uses has to type various command & keyboard. The software reports with
opposite to help the used to the input. The necessary in to a promps to help the uses input.
MENU MODE:-
In this mode the uses of software is through a menu. This is located on the right side of the
screen. The menu can be selected using mouse.
BENEFITS OF CAD:-
The following are the advantages of the cad.

Improved engineering productively.
Reduced engineering personal requirement.
Drawing modification or eraser to intake.
STARTING AUTO CAD:-

To starting Auto cad is only one of the adopted
METHOD:-
Double click auto cad 2000 on the windows. There are took has available but the frequency
used area draw modify object properties & standard tool bar.
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STATUS BAR:-
It is the bottom of the auto cad window the various commands are snap, ortho, model, title.
COMMAND WINDOWS:-
It is an area which commands typed & current commands are displayed.
WINDOW:-
The auto cad screen can be converted into text window for display. That is history of the
current auto cad drawing command to enter text F2.
CROSS CURSOR:-
It is used to indicate. The current position of drawing point.
CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM:-
Auto cad support to the two type of co-ordinate system.
World co-ordinate system.
User co-ordinate system.
WORLD CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM:-

In this co-ordinate system the x, y, z co-ordinate are measured with reference to tired again.
USER CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM:-

The user co-ordinate system provides a movable co-ordinate system for 3-D drawing.
UTILITY COMMAND & DRAWING SOLS:-

These are several commands that convert basic auto cad function.
HELP COMMAND:-
You can see the help command to obtain a line auto cad in care you have command is
entered auto cad points a message to remained you at the availability of help facility.
DRAWING EDITOR EXIT:-

When creating a new drawing returns to the main menu but it does not capture. The
drawing by mistakes of you used the commands you will lose of your will lose all your
drawing section.
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The Exit command return to main menu but it does not update. The drawing by mistakes of
you used to commands you will lose of your drawing section.
SAVE COMMAND:-
You can see & command to save your drawing section. This exits the drawing editor rotating
the main menu. This perfect your work, from power textile, you can do this work save
command.
LIMITS COMMAND:-
Using the limits command you, can desirable. The drawing limits for the current drawing &
component its drawn on a standard size is limited the auto cad scaling facilities available in
cad.
UNITS COMMAND:-
Auto cad gives several drafting use it chooses.
COMMAND:-
System of units. Scientific Decimal Engineering Architecture. Enter choose 1-5 no.1 digit to
the right of decimal number of points (0 to 8) set 2 digit decimal units.
ORTHO COMMAND:-
Ortho command forces lines to be drawn as exactly perpendicular.
GRID COMMAND:-
Grid command *. ON|OFF|SNAP|ASPECT
ON --------------- This Exit activities grid.
OFF -------------- This turn off grid.
SNAP COMMAND:-
Snap keys helps to move across hair at any defined as current this helps you quickly & get
position of drawing.
ZOOM COMMAND:-
This command is used to the center display of drawing.
ZOOM ALL:-
This up to be used to see the entire drawing in the screen.
Command:-
Zoom
COMMAND:-
All| centre| Dynamic| Extent| Left| Window Scale.
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Now the drawing screen will be set to the drawing area by zoom all.
This command is used to draw a straight line. The line is one of the drawing element & its
extent B/W to end points using single line command you can draw any no. of line.
COMMAND: - LINE
Specify first point: Press enter to continue the line command.
POINT SPECIFICATION METHODE:-
ABSTRACT SOLUTE CO-ORDINATE METHOD:-

In this method the points are represent as absolute value at x, y & z co-ordinate with
reference to the origin.
Specify text point or [undo]: press & enter.
RELATIVE CO-ORDINATE METHOD:-
In this method the points are represented x, y displacement with reference to the previous
points.
POLAR CO-ORDINATE METHOD:-
Here the points are representing as distance & angle with previous point.
COMMAND: - Erase.
Remove an object from a drawing.
Command: - C - Circle.
Create a circle.
DRAW MENU: -circle
COMMAND: - circle
Specify center point for circle (tan radius)
POLAR ARRAY:-
Create an array defined by selecting a create point (or) base point about which auto cad
replacement the select objects.
Specify centre point of array:
Click a point
Enter a no. of lines in the array enter the positive inverse integral (or) press & enter.
OFF SET:-
Create concentric circle parallel lines are parallel offset. Create a new object at a specified
distanced from can exiting object an through a specified point.
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Specify offset distance through <current>: Enter the offset distance.
Create an object at a distance from exiting object.
Select object to offset (or) <exit>:
Select are object or press enter to end the command.
ARRAY:-
Create multiple copies of object in a pattern.
COMMAND: ARRAY
Enter the types of array [Rectangular | Polar]
RECTANGULAR ARRAY:-
Creates an array defined by a no. of rows & column of pipes of the select objects.
Enter the row (-1, 1). Enter or Non zero integral press at enter. Enter the no. of column (1,
1).
Copy: - short cut menu.
Select the objects to right click in drawing & area of choose copy selection.
TRIM:-
Trim controls whether auto cad thick the selected edges to the filled are end point.
EXTEND:-
Select: boundary edges, select: objects used a selection method & press enter you finish.
CENTER POINT:
Specify diameter of circle <current> specify a point to center a value or press & enter.
DO NET:-
Draw filled circle & right a do net is constructed of a closed poly line. Compose of wide area
segment auto cad will its the interiors of the do nets depends the current command.
RADIOS:-
It designs the length to the diameter from the center point.
MIDDLE:-
Display the object at specified distance in a specified direction.
Command: Rotate.
Current position angle in use.
Select object use an object selection method.
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GUIDE LINES FOR BUILDING DRAWING
FOUNDATION:
The portion of building below the ground level which in direct contact with the ground to
transit the loads of the building is called as the foundation.
SUPER STRUCTURE:
The portion of the building above the ground level is called super structure. The
components of super structure are plinth, wall, lintel, Roof
BASEMENT:
Its the lower structure of the building which is partly below the ground level. In a office
building or rain for cement building basement is used for vehicle parking for storage goods.
PLINTH & PLINTH LEVEL:
The portion is of building B/W the ground & floor level in the super structure is called as
plinth. Its height usually 450mm, 600mm (or) 750mm for ground level.
WALL:-
The portion of the super structure which arrays the loads of the roof is called as walls.
PARAPET WALL:-
The walls build above the roofs which provide safely to the people. Which they are on the
top of the roof building is called parapet wall. Height is 600mm.
SILL LEVEL:-
The horizontal bottom level of window is called as sill level.
ROOFING:-
The rain forced cement on slap used to cover the building is called as roofing.
CEILING:-
The bottom of the surface of roof slap inside a room is called ceiling.
PLINTH LEVEL OR PLINTH BEAM:-
The R.C.C beam constructed in the plinth which is used to transfer the load of building
uniformly in foundation.
DAMP PROOF COURSE:-
The building should be only for the layer of its end in order to present. The entry of
dampness into the building the damp proof course is also used.
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SUPER STRUCTURE:
All walls will be in first class brick work in c. m 1:5 using first class brick 200tk. All wall
basements will be plastered smooth with c. m 1:4 eternally 1:6 for 1250tk. Parapet wall
200tk & 600 length will be provide all round.
ROOFING:-
The roofing will be of R.C.C 1:2:4 mix & 125tk flat slat over the entire beam.
DOORS, WINDOWS ARE EXPRESSION:-
D Flush door - 1000 x 2100
D Paneled door - 900 x 2100
W Window glazened - 1200 x 1200
V Ventilator glazened - 1200 x 1200
O Opening - 1000x 2100
LINTEL:-
All internal opening provide with R.C.C lintel 1:2 mix 150tk all External opening will be
provide with R.C.C lintel sunshade 1:2:4 mix, 100tk & the sunshade will be 45mm wide,
50tk & 600 wide the R.C.C shall be provided in be rooms, kitchen.
FLOORING:-
The flooring will be in C.C 1:$:*, 130tk. Plastered smooth with c. m 1:3 mix, 20tk for all
portion.
STEP:
Step will be in 200mm tk work in c. m 1:5 laid on a 800 x 150 cement concrete 1:4:8 flooring
rise 150.
THE ACCOMATION CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING:
Veranda - 3000 x 1200
Living - 3300 x 4600
Bed room - 4200 x 3400
Bed room - 4200 x 3400
Toilet - 2000 x 1450
Dining - 3800 x 300
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Ex. No: 02 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING WITH LOAD BEARING WALLS
Date:
Aim:-
To draw the plan, elevation and section of a industrial building using the various commands
in AutoCAD
Software Used:-
AutoCAD 2008
Command Used And Their Description:-
Limits - reset the model space limits
Zoom It is used to zoom the object created.
Units Used to set the current format for units of measure.
Line Line commands allows creating a line where the end points allow creating a line
where the end points are dimensional co-ordinates.
Line type using this command different type of lines can be used to draw object.
Offset create a news object at a specified distance from an existing object or through a
specified point.
Fillet - This command is basically used for rounding off edges
Trim trims off an object using cutting edges defined by other objects.
Break removes only a part of an object.
Arc Used to create an arc segment. Methods are:
1. 3 Points,
2. Start, Center, End
3. Start, Center, Angle
4. Center, Start, End
5. Center, Start, Angle
6. Start, Center, Length
7. Center, Start, Length
8. Start, End, Angle
9. Start, End, Radius
10. Start, End, Diameter Mr. P. Dhanabal AP/Civil, Mahalakshmi Engineering College, Trichy 621
213. Page 11
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11. Continue
Copy- Moves the selected objects from a given square to destination, learning a copy at the
originally selected location.
Rotate- rotate objects around a specified point
Move- moves object to the destination place from the source place
BHatch makes shaded patterns as matter of few picks and clicks away
Extend elongates an object to a boundary defined by other objects
Erase used to erase the unwanted objects
Text creates text object with specified height and orientation
Osnap AutoCAD displays the object snaps tab in drafting setting dialog box. If we enter
osnap at command prompt it presents options on the command line.
Procedure:
The limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
(0.0000, 0.0000). The upper right corner is changed as per our requirements.
y using units command, set the types as decimal/precision as 0.0000 and units to scale
drag and drop content as millimeters.
By using line command, the outer line of the plan is drawn with the required dimension
By using offset command, the outer line of the plan is drawn with the required dimension
By using offset command, the wall thickness of the plan is given as per requirements.
By using trim command the excess lines are trimmed.
By using line command, each room is drawn as per requirements.
The lines that cannot be trimed using trim command are eliminated by break command.
Using arc command, the doors are drawn as per the requirements of each room.
Using copy command, the doors are copied if necessary multiply copy is used.
Using rotate command, the doors are rotated as per the required placement for each room.
Using move command, the doors are moved and fixed in the place on where it
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should be placed.
Using rectangle command and offset command, the window is drawn separately as per the
required dimensions.
By changing the line type from continuous to dashed lines, the sun shades and ventilators
are drawn.
The windows, ventilators and sunshades are copied, rotated and moved and placed in the
required place.
Using offset command, the plinth line is drawn.
The elevation is drawn by extending the outer line of the plan using extend command and
unwanted lines are erased using erase command.
The doors, windows, sunshade and parapet are drawn in same distance in elevation as
drawn in same distance in the plan.
The section is drawn on the adjacent side of the elevation by extending the lines.
The various represtations of brickwork, sand filling and concrete are completed in the
section using Bhatch command.
Using save command, the file having plan, elevation and section is saved by giving the
corresponding path name.
Result:
The functional requirements of the residential building is planned and the plan, section and
elevation are drawn in AutoCAD 2004
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Ex. No: 03 R.C.C FRAMED STRUCTURE
Date:
Aim:
in AutoCAD
Software Used:
AutoCAD 2008
Command Used and Their Description:
specified point.
12. 3 Points,
21. Start, End, Diameter
22. Continue
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Procedure:
limits are set before starting the drawing. The lower left corner is set as default
By using units command, set the types as decimal/precision as 0.0000 and units to scale
Plan can be started by using line command
fter completing the outline, offset command is used and the distance is given as the brick
wall thickness.
en door is drawn by using line, arc commands are copied as many times as needed by
using copy command.
door are moved and placed in the portion ascertained for them.
en window is drawn by line, offset command copied as many times as needed and moved
to their respective places
en section line is drawn with an arrow head
fter completing the plan of the residential building its elevation is drawn by having an
extension mode on the drafting setting dialog box by using OSNAP setting in status bar or
by using the command settings.
ation is drawn similar to plan, by using the line command.
fter finishing elevation, cut section is drawn in the similar manner. After drawing the cut
section lines, hatching of brick work, concrete, sand filling, and floor finish are done by using
BHatch command.
Appropriate hatching style is selected from hatch or advanced and a preview is done. If it is
ok, then enter is pressed. If it is not ok esc is pressed and esc hatching is repeated again.
Before hatching dimensions are marked by using the leader command.
arrow mark lines were drwn by leader command.
aximize any part of the drawing room command is used.
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rc command is used to draw arc for the representation of door.
rase command is used to erase any selected object
aximize any part of the drawing room command is used.
save command the file having plan, elevation and section is saved by giving the
corresponding path name.
Result:
Thus the functional requirement of the residential building is planned and the plan,
elevation, section were drawn in AutoCAD 2004.
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Ex. No: 04 INDUSTRIAL BUILDING NORTH LIGHT TRUSSES
Date:
Aim:
in AutoCAD
Software Used:
AutoCAD 2004
specified point.
23. 3 Points,
33. Continue
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Procedure:
By using units command, set the types as decimal/precision as 0.0000 and units to scale
By using offset command, the outer line of the plan is drawn with the required dimension
Using rotate command, the doors are rotated as per the required placement for each room.
Using move command, the doors are moved and fixed in the place on where it should be
placed.
Using rectangle command and offset command, the window is drawn separately as per the
required dimensions.
By using dashed lines ventilators and sunshade are copied rotated and moved and placed
in the required place
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The elevation is drawn by extending the outer line of the plan using extend command and
using dashed lines.
By using trim command the excess lines are trimed.
The doors and windows, sunshade and parapet are drawn in same distance in elevation as
shown in same distance in the plan.
Then using Bhatch command, the various representations of brick work, sand filling and
concrete are completed in the section.
Using save command, the file having plan, elevation and section is saved by using
responding pathname.
Result:
Thus the Plan, Section, Elevation of a building was drawn by using various commands in
AutoCAD 2004
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Ex. No: 05 SINGLE STORAGE BUILDING
Date:
Aim:
in AutoCAD
Software Used:
AutoCAD 2004

specified point.
34. 3 Points,
44. Continue
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Procedure:
By using units command, set the types as decimal/precision as 0.0000 and units to
scale drag and drop content as millimeters.
By using offset command, the outer line of the plan is drawn with the required
dimension
Using rotate command, the doors are rotated as per the required placement for each
room.
Using move command, the doors are moved and fixed in the place on where it should
be placed.
Using rectangle command and offset command, the window is drawn separately as per
the required dimensions.
By using dashed lines ventilators and sunshade are copied rotated and moved and
placed in the required place
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The elevation is drawn by extending the outer line of the plan using extend command
and using dashed lines.
By using trim command the excess lines are trimed.
The doors and windows, sunshade and parapet are drawn in same distance in elevation
as shown in same distance in the plan.
Then using Bhatch command, the various representations of brick work, sand filling and
concrete are completed in the section.
Using save command, the file having plan, elevation and section is saved by using
responding pathname.
Result:
Thus the Plan, Section, Elevation of a building was drawn by using various commands in AutoCAD
2004
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CAD MANUAL

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The following are the advantages of the cad.

STARTING AUTO CAD:-

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WORLD CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM:-

USER CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM:-

UTILITY COMMAND & DRAWING SOLS:-

DRAWING EDITOR EXIT:-

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POINT SPECIFICATION METHODE:-

ABSTRACT SOLUTE CO-ORDINATE METHOD:-

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Zoom It is used to zoom the object created.

Units Used to set the current format for units of measure.

Arc Used to create an arc segment. Methods are:

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Extend elongates an object to a boundary defined by other objects

Erase used to erase the unwanted objects

Text creates text object with specified height and orientation

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Command Used and Their Description:

Units Used to set the current format for units of measure.

Break removes only a part of an object.

Arc Used to create an arc segment. Methods are:

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Extend elongates an object to a boundary defined by other objects

Erase used to erase the unwanted objects

Text creates text object with specified height and orientation

By using trim command the excess lines are trimmed.

By using line command, each room is drawn as per requirements.

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