Unit 4 A View of Mountains Key to the Exercises Text comprehension 1. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose of writing, B II, Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false. 1. F (Refer to Paragraph 1. Nobody made a photographic record of the immediate effect of the atomie bombing on Hiroshima.) 2. F (Refer to Paragraph 1. The author is shocked because the girl reminds him of the ordinary life that would have been going on in the fields of rubble if there had not been the atomic bombing.) 3. F (Refer to Paragraph 2. The "nuclear danger that still hangs over us" means the danger caused by the possible use of atomic bombs in the future rather than the dangerous consequences of the world's second atomic bombing.) 4. T (Refer to the bracketed part in Paragraph 2.) 5. T (Refer to the first few lines of Paragraph 3.) IIL. Answer the following questions. 1. Refer to the last few lines of Paragraph 1. A view of mountains in the distance rather than the wreckage is meant to remind the viewer of the city that was leveled to the ground by the atomic bomb and of the normal life that would have been going on there. This is where the significance of the picture lies 2. Refer to Paragraph 2. Because it was the first time that Americans had ever seen the pictures since the atomic bombing fifty years ago. 3. Refer to the middle of Paragraph 2. The bombing of Nagasaki is regarded as the fitter symbol of the nuclear peril in two respects. First, it is evidence that nuclear weapons can be used again to destroy human civilization. Second, the fact that Nagasaki had not been the originally chosen target of the nuclear attack shows the unpredictability of possible nuclear attacks in the future. That is, every city in the world is liable to nuclear destruction 4. Refer to the beginning of Paragraph 3. They were intended to demonstrate the devas ing power of nuclear weapons and express an apprehension of the nuclear peril menacing the world. 5. No, it only expresses part of it, because the writer intends not only to express his apprehension of the nuclear threat but, more importantly, to call on the people to take actions to banish forever nuclear weaponry from the Earth,IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences. 1. The responsibility was placed on Yamahata's shoulders to record the effects systematically and a great and simple artistry. 2. That vanished city rather than its remains represents the true measure of the event. 3. In the photographs Nagasaki regains its own status. 4. The human imagination had been exhausted and stopped at the wreckage of the first ruined city and failed to reach even the outskirts of Nagasaki. 5. Apart from the pictures of Nagasaki we seem to need some other pictures to inspire in us a hope of life to counterbalance the sense of doom suggested by the ruined Nagasaki. Structural analysis of the text The sentence at the end of Paragraph 1 makes clear the author's opinion about the meaning of Yamahata's pictures: The true measure of the event lies not in what remains but in all that has disappeared. The sentence in the middle of Paragraph 4 makes clear the author's opinion on what should be done about the existing nuclear peril: Performing that is the greatest of the responsibilities of the generations now Rhetorical features of the text ‘The true measure of the event lies not in what remains but in all that has disappeared. Showing not what we would lose through our failure but what we would gain by our success. Apart from the "(not) A but B” structure, we can also find the "A yet B" type: ‘Yamahata's pictures afford a glimpse of the end of the world. Yet in our day, ? ‘And we can find a sentence that organizes information in a similar way without the use of but or yet: Arriving a half-century late, they are still news. By admitting something is correct first and then saying something else is even more correct, or admitting something is urgent first and then saying something else is more urgent with the help of the above sentence structures, the author succeeds in making his sentences well-balanced and his argumentation forceful and convincing, Vocabulary exercises 1. _ Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. 1. had hardly been recorded by the camera 2. smiling in a strange and unnatural way 3. applicable to all other places around the world4. had stopped working 5. threatens Il, Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase from the box in its appropriate form. 1. will come into his own is branded with for good layin see 5. Incertain respects came into existence 7. outskirts 8. once and forall IIL. Fillin the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words, existence 2. survival unearthly 4. wrecked exhaustive 6. apprehensive continuation 8. Accuracy IV. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in the sentence without changing its original meaning. 1.C2.A3.B4A 5.D6.B7.C8.A V. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense itis used. 1. Synonym: save (relieve, refrain) 2, Synonym: danger (risk, jeopardy) 3. Antonym: incomplete (injured, impaired) 4. Synonym: supernatural (mysterious, weird) ‘Synonym: omnipresent (ubiquitous) ‘Synonym: slip (stagger, flounder) 6 7. Antonym: individual (personal) 8. ‘Synonym: particular (odd, queer) VI. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence. 1. security 2, caleulated 3. effective 4. inereased / higher5. notoftenfound 6. perspective Grammar exercises I. Note the use of the present tense in the following paragraph. ‘The present tense used to refer to past events, found in photograph description, is called the historie present. ‘The historic present describes a past event as if it were happening now. It conveys something of the dramatic immediacy of an eye-witness account. It is characteristic of popular narrative style. It may also be found in photographie captions and in historical summaries. II. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs given. 1. hear 2. are 3. have/willhave 4. tells: 5. is 6. gather 7. earns 8. says 9. speaks 10. _ is writing, opens, enters TIT. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs given. ‘The annual local horse show takes / is taking / will take place next week and then you will have a chance to meet everybody because all the village will be there. Phyllis is taking / is, going to take part in the under-fourteens jumping competition providing her sprained ankle is quite well by then. We will / shall take a pienic lunch if the weather is fine enough and will /shall spend / spend the whole day there. After being in Paris, it will / may amuse you to see our local fashion parade, and it will / may / should give you a chance to get to know some of the young people in the district. IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms. Visitor: At what time does the museum open? Attendant: Tt opens at 9 a.m, on week days but it does not open until 2 p.m. on Sund: Visitor: How much does it cost to go in? Attendant: _ No charge is made for admission but tickets for the guided tours are sold at the desk opposite the turnstile. Visitor: What time do the tours begin? Attendant: They start on the hour every hour. One is starting / is going to start in five minutes if you wish to join it. V. Complete the following sentences, using idiomatic expressions with comparativeforms. had better ‘More ?less fainter and fainter none the worse 5. no better ?no worse so much the better 7. The sooner the better 8. no bigger VI. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined structures in your sentences. (Reference version) 1. It took her a year to find this English novel but it took her only three days to finish reading it. 2. Ill come only if you promise me that you won't invite Henry. ‘Translation exercises I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. ANBAR. Die Me, EE AL ASIC. JECT a ASAE BA, TEA TARTS 2, A TEL A RA RE ES NRE TRATED AE SR ES A OO TE SPIE 1, ER aR THT HEA Hh 3. PA, 4 RAR Ah AS Ae Be Mtge DT BE HEE A ER SEE FE AAS — 450, PARRA ALAS Te BO ER A HR 4. ISTAR ELD, RARE PS fre Sp LARA: a Aa II. Translate the following sentences into English, using the word or phrases given in brackets. Their cattle were branded with the letter "C" so that they could be easily identified. In this season he has really come into his own as a goal scorer. An economic crisis is hanging over that country. He is the man who really gives the order, but he always remains in the background. After dispatching the messenger, what is left for us to do is nothing but to wait. ‘You just have to call and he's here in a flash. ‘They have lived in the shadow of war for altogether seventeen years, ey saAeen ‘These are the last seven Northeast Tigers in existence. If human beings failed to protect them, the tigers of this species would become extinct.IIL. Translate the following passage into Chinese. HSU BY 102 SHATTER, ATRL, AB HRT AOL ORME RE. 4, WTEC A I te eS BRT AANA. «hs CHLPOME RD 5-5 MG ATT, IL a CE ACHE Eifigt 19 BEATER Li 33 PEERAGE, HMDA CARRE 28a3 A th, BDA 1046 A, SRE OMIA, AEAIKHUIREL. RCA SURREAL. RCIA AEN PALANAN. RT, TEMA NAB APE RRP MLAB ALAA ASL MAE ARTE REI, HS ULAMTT ABITEIC PRAT NUE A), ORR. MATTIE Exercises for integrated skills I. Dictation ‘Nagasaki had never been subjected to large-scale bombing / prior to the explosion of the atomic bomb there. / On August ist, 1945, however, / a number of highly explosive bombs were dropped on the city. / A few of these bombs hit the shipyards and dock areas / in the southwest portion of the city. / Several of the bombs hit the Mitsubishi Steel and Arms Works / and six bombs landed at the Nagasaki Medical School and Hospital, / with three direct hits on buildings there. / While the damage from these few bombs was relatively small, / it created considerable concern in Nagasaki / and a number of people, / principally schoolchildren, / were evacuated to rural areas for safety, / thus reducing the population in the city / at the time of the atomic attack. IL, Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word. @) went @) In (3) as (4) for (5) among (6) number (7) that (8) with (9) followed (10) over