Einflu8felder elastischer Platten Influence Surfaces of Elastic Plates Dipl.-Ing. Dr. techn. AdO1f Pucher ‘0, Profesor der Tecintien Hochachule Wien Dritte, verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage In deutscher und engliscier Sprache Englische Obersetrang durch Dipl-tog. Heinz Juhl Mit 18 Textabbildungen und 97 Tafeln 8 1964 Springer-Verlag + Wien: New YorkCorer ie SS Vorwort zur ersten Aullage io moderne Entwisking dce Stalbetonbaues hat velo Probleme ‘utgerit, deren Zosung Anfgabe der Hlstiitatatheri i Trabesondere ‘ideo Fichontagwerken, den Platon und Schalon end di theoetacen -Erkenntniwe und Methoden dio Voraometosng ‘ir cine where und ‘Skonomahe Anwendung tm Bauwesen; mit dove Hilfe ergubon sich ‘lerdings Mogiceitery dio man noch vor 25 Talnen ala Produkte ‘er Phastaie etrahlet ite, ‘Avy Briekenbeu. bat sich eine Art der ‘hoon icharen Pints erobert. Ex it nicht-nar bel Muslvbrleken, sndem fasoh bel Stalbrdcken someagen zor Hegel gowordan, Stablbeton Fake Tbaplatton na verwendea, well daa rveldinonsonalo Krafeapil, dae ‘eolahon Patan ontatet, roe SeGtaweltn bel oinem Bavstotafand ‘bu Oberspennn erlaubt, wean man die Schnittke nach enem theo tinh sinwandiien Verfahren emits. ‘Die Balastungaform der Fuhrbahnplatton unterstheidet sak von den sonst in Bauwosen madgebenden Belatongen wemisios. Wahrend fan Hoch. und etbeu im lgomeinen di fodweieVollnastung dio groBten “Anatrngungen voruecht, aad bet den Fabrbahnpatten ie durch dio inwalnen Reddvicke heregeruenen, af Hin Bere konentrirten ‘allelantangen mabgebond, Dio. Sannigatghetdiwer Tlastunge former Bt dio Anwendung yon Formeln oder Tabelle absiehsls rine. ‘Die Berecbnang wied josh she enfach, wenn man sich dee Binta- feideebedint, Die Enlablader cad yonder Bolatangaform anabhingig tnd Kinnen fr jeden Lastfall mlon anagewertet werd. So stallon ‘dw aveldimensinale Analogon ru den lndimensionalen HinfuSinen fdr Stabwerke der, ie bl dor Borechnang der Brickentragverks anch ‘nicht meke enter werden Kinaen ‘Dio Tinleder worden in der Praxie schon viefch verwendet, da in Tell schon yorentlcht int, jedoch soeh nosh nit verdentlchte ‘on mir verehedentich zur Verfigung geet warden, Sn haben sich In dor Anwendung beans brwdhrt. lo Herangabe one ersten, einige ‘uaen velldadigen, Folge vom KiataGfldor wid daber Bald fr [den tit dor Berechnang vou Plates, Snsbosondire von Pabebabn- Foreword to the First Bdition ‘The development of moder relnfored concrete contraction reeled n many problems whowe soltion ia task of the theory of elicit. In particular for plies and hols « Inowledge of theory and methods na perequlae for thelr ufo and economia! appliction in constuction, ‘Ther application, however, open pomibities which were coniderod fantastic 26 years ag. "Th platen ocouped thie place in bilge conaretion ano, Te Besasne ‘the rle to ae reinforced concrete den ala not oly for concrete ridgee ‘bt al forsee bridges, beans, the two-dimensional force system of ‘thes plat permits large span lngthe by wall material quanttion, ‘provided, the Inoral foros a determined by a elible theory. ‘Tho mode of loin of bridge deck dab difers considerably frome the governing loadings in generl comatrostion, Whetone the uniform total lading of individual spans produce, in general, the maximem streme in general cocarucion, partial leding, soncentated on stall fear and due to the individual whee! lad ace governing for bridge (ak labs. Tho maliplicty of these modos of londings sooms to exslude ‘he vee of formula oe tables. However, the analysis becomes very simple if ono net inlunoo surfacn, Th infoenee setae are indapendent of the tande of oeding tnd ean bo evaluatodenally foreach load coe. They seprxet tho wo: Aimensional analogue of the on-dimensional infuence ines for plane ‘tractrea which ae indiopnaubl for the ans of bridge attctare ssn, Tinuence surfaces ae ding wand quite fRequently in practice as a part of them hag been pablithod aleady, and those which have not bron pedahed yet ware supplied ocasonlly by ae for thet uo. Thay proved to bo voy rafal i thelr practical eppllation. Thus, aller ite ‘iin, the fst, nearly complet colletion of influence surface i toon Become = value tol for everyone engnged withthe analyse nf1 oe ye ee pltten, Blabten ein wertvolles Hla werden. Di zwifllos noch fervinachto Bigloag durch weitere Rinfufelder fur Platten it fandoren Randbedingangen tnd Sitenverhatniwn wied Anfgabe dor ele eon, io umfamsnde Semmlung von 62 Kinfusfelder, die munmae der Onassis bergsben wid, iat das Rrgsinis vor APbaten, die sch ‘ber elnsnbalb Jahrachte Knsishn. Es war si mubooler Wog, ‘on den orten theoretichen Anatzon bi den Methoden nu glangen, ‘ach denon hte die Fingudtlderbreehnet werden. Ono die Fordereng, ‘ie dines Werk von vielen Seiten ef, wire das Ergebnis wohl nicht ‘intande gekomnen. Dio Wichtghoit den Peobloma erent, hat tuort der Devtacio Avehud {0 Eienbeion aber Antrag von Prof Dmsonnsosn, Bevin, dio Arbeiten groSrigig gefdrlert, deron Eegenin in Hef 00 diows Atschoaon nndorgolgt ist Weller Pirderang olen Init die Gealnchaft von Freunden der Technischen HosbacleBeri CChavotenbang undo. Gesellhats vom Frovnden der Tachachen “Hocheshule Winn angedehen. Schleich verdanke Ich dle Frigttiung ‘doe Werken dem Verstndnie und Bptgegenkommen, das ich bel det ‘Bowunterehmong Ed. Ast & Co, Ing, Gra, gefaden babe. ‘Die Zahl miner Mitarbeiter ian Lots der Jato war gro. Die Namen ore, dio dutch slbstindign, winenschafiche Arbelten zor Weiter fentwioblang der ‘Theorie und der Bfetboden beigetragen haben, sind ‘ler Rinleiteng und im Seritumneversichais erent. Um dia Barechasns ‘er indutlder sella, haben woh dio Moron B. Vere, K Ziv, ‘W, Kozroxz KF. Souansen, W. Dwonzax, R. Sxtbanit,G. Newtoras and F. Nxowaven bemiht, Tien allen ae ir dco Miarbit der Dank soagopeochen. Tish it ex mir nosh angenchme Pileht, dem Speinger-Verlag ‘ar dio Verlogeng snd tenlonall gute Auatattung 20 danken Gra, im Mare 1051 Der Verte platen particule 20 thou engaged wit bridge deck slabs Tho, without Aloabt, disitablo supplementation by additonal in foonen eiface. of ies with difornt edge conditions nd ide ration wil ben tas for tho Tate ‘The colton, comprising 52 inBoenos surface, hich i mae now to the pubic isthe real of work which extend Over one end one-half ‘ot decade, {thas been a burdensome journey fom tho fst theoretial ‘emaepion to the mthods by whi iafwneenface ar Being competed tarday. Without tho support of thie work by Toany petticg tho result may nes have boon aeicved, Recognising he importance ofthe problem, the Deviche Ansehuf far Risonbeton, agtng on request by Profesor Discrmsorn of Helin, inily supported the work in'm generoos wey ‘The est of tia work ls rportd in Publication No. 00 of thin Inatiate ‘Aditioal sppert was given mo by the Gealehat von Freunden det ‘Teeischen Hochschule Dein Charttonbarg, and by the Geslchatt von Frounden der Technischen Hoshichule Wien. Futthermore, T owe {hecompletion of thie work to the eorstrction ompany Ha. Ast & Com pany, Engine, Gra, boron of thls balpfleu aml derstanding ‘The numberof may aaistats during the years was large. The namos of thom who have contribited with thet ows rxaroh work to he farehet= ‘nce of th theory and the wthode are named ner Inirodection nd Index of Refirenow, Inthe computation ofthe lnflaace sraces ef, the folowing were mgaged: B. Vere, K, Zoaiuivo, W. WoBroxe, KF. Souwanten, W. Dwotras, R. Sxipaac, G. Nrriovar, and Neviayrn, To al of thom thanks ls extended for thelr contributions, inaly, I want to tank the Springer-Verlag for the publication and ‘the teuitfonaly good Inout of the book (Grn, in Mase, 2954 The Authoeee ae ee eee es Vorwort zur dritten Auflage Inder 3, flags wurden 12 nove Hilder ay den 81 Beer er 2 Anflage hinge gt ‘Dis noven Einar diesen der Borechnang von Pattonfonnen, 4 sich im Zogo der Bntwiekung der Spamibetoubeicken as whe wit= ‘chalich eewiewen haben Es et dion die auf seh Hanptsrige,shno ‘Mitwikang von Quertrgern abgestttte, gegchonenalee vorgcepannte Plate und dia nor an den Hauptttagem ciageapanate, sehr als Faire stzifen brete, aunbragede Platt, auf dor aot nor Fudginger unt adwege interaubringen sind, sondern dio aoch dor Delastang dugch sabgeirte Fabroogo" standethalton hat Der Borechnung der emigenansten Plattonart dlenen dle Tafel 1 big 16, jonor der weit ssakragenden Plats di Tafel 17 bi 20. ‘Dio 7 Belpeo snd dem neoeatan Stand engepat vd dic Anwendung er neu hingugekommenon Tafel gest Bei der Beresinang nd Konatrtion det nen) afgenommenen ‘Tefin 17 bis 20, warde vor don Hrgenisen von B, Dives) auoge sungen. Die Tafa 3,4, 7, 8, 0, 10,14 und 19 warden nen berechnet, Fei diven Arbiten huben mish Dr, E, Toxat und Dr. G. Vauexros tatiratig vaterttet. Thnen asi f6r dio Mitarblt Destens gedaikt, ‘Dis. grole Verbrivang, dio aie Einfulfeldee" bereits gefunden Inder, led winachenewerterchinna, den eeldronden Text auch in finer rwvten Sprache darsatllan, For dlc oogfetige Uberctzng wh lee Dipl-Ing. Heine G, Juan bono bedankt, wie da Springer-Verng {die Sg, der ach der 3. Aaflge dienes Weekes angodeton le. Wien, im Mire 19084 Der Verfaee Foreword to the Third Edition mn the third eiton, 12 now influence aurfisee were add to the St ntuence surfs of th second edition ‘These new infoonc surfaces hap in the analy of pte forma which, in tho dovelopment of prsteaed concrete bridges, turned out to be ‘ery economical. These aro the plato which i apported by Swe gledts ‘nly, without mippor by diaphragms and poubly prestressed, end the ‘aleve plate hich is fed at the prders only and which in wider ‘han ¢ tealc lane and carsce ot only sidewalk and bieycle path bet Jn to ssialn ls Toads Erm “dalotd while ‘The charts 1 to 6 serve in the analysis of th St typo of plate, ad ‘he chara 17 to 20 in he analysis ofthe large span cenover plas. ‘Tho oven example are up-todat, and the applisaton of the wl ‘added carta has bon explained. ‘The computation and the design ofthe nowy added charts 17 to 20 ‘van based on the rola by B. Birexen, The carta 8, 4,7, 8,9, 10, Wand 18 were computed anew. I wan suppeted energetialy thin swotk hy Dr. B Toxo and Dr G, Vataweiy, whem T thank ence {ox thir o0-opration. Beau of the wile accoptan whlch the “EintaSflde” (ntuence surface) have found already, it appeared deable to prevont the ox- planing text Ino apoond language: Thanks are expremed 0 Mr. Heinz 6G. Jomt, Dipl-Ing for his carefl translation, ad tothe Spring Verlag for the cae which i Letowed om the Ue ein, ano ‘enna, in March 1004 ‘The Astormer oC os we a eg eA Inhaltsverzeichnis ‘ofeversnie $2. Bintang 4.2, Korae Darling det ‘Tore der Kinder $9, Dis Bekennung der Einfuflder $4 Dis Auwertong dee Hinfbfeder 1) Die Kinfulder £4 Momento 1) Die KinduBlelder fir dio Quer- wud Stitekree ©) Die Verfahren ear Volum und Flishetereahnung $5. Amending 6 Dio Genanghat der Begone 47. Dio erweitrto Anwendang der Hitubeiee Seheiftomanachwe 7 Momenten-Eindudllde, Zahlotatln fe Volbelatung prcnst BindubfeldeeTafen 196 Contents Index of Chart $1. Inteoduetion 152. A bref promntation of the tory of the influence surfaces 5. The Sdentication of the infuenoe surfaces 454. The evaluation of the infnence surfaces 5) Th inluneo surface of momenta 1) Tho Influence woes for tho shar and support frees 6) The methods of volume and azee computation 49 Heamples of applicasion 6. tho wocuracy of the reuts 7. The extended applzation of the huluenoe surfaces Tide of refrenoon Moment inkienaewisfaccy, Tables for vuiformly distrbted oad pronutant . Inca surfaces ear 3-96 BREE Secau He 23Tl ont & ‘Tafelverzelchnis — Jadex of Charts Pattensreten — Patesteipe me Rill fa Hdtesace Pastis Sie a ides Rt elation stn far thy mie St 8 ates Sia eo prt dan tins) ‘mii! fel auflogenden Rinicen (8h) SWRiertal Sr cin ifuonce aurfaeo for the cence of « plate-sr Se ite mapped edges (8--ia) f snd fie de, Vira sce Pen, Sete eta es Ip With toa mera eins (Scans) ‘ras 10 sepBnantl the dn Van ce Pen, ———" 1, Sea hcg dee oe ‘Seles asf guerra He Lap'UGN te 'tppoe oe zm) 5 Bn de Pie om Prion Fi EES saree ea eee —— ae inten unr the er of phinain ene pr a nar Fold iPass F 7 see eaman tel haga On, sinter fr th ena ola wth Taher is curmeeates —— man 7. my Hinfualedd fr den Viertelpunks aba dom. froi puma ted st ie lr te oo" ote 1 ncn, un forte ea in 7 nitrsccs utara Loan nnd don Verge Eigen Tard in Pitemrtine mai ien i ‘pel si ago fi ah Deena el Pl ee ingabad far den Vayu nate dam sng ‘en Hand oat Pasties ot lem iit nf an fn) ‘Rinod eign spatowtip" etd oeelsed sad (Pnpmad Sie men min ts do Vpn tb em Se trelntnony sao fr th Sear git ee tht ‘hicoe! cigs of isteip wis aed ead Spel Sige ges) meSintonomm-RintuOhld den stngepeton ‘iu inl’ ceili so pl egos Sel coe sagopa Hand cy nS ifn ure the raed ‘Spe Pepiaatsy ihe upped end’ Peat SE slime) npn te Ponte a Pin ‘Relntueen arn forthe omer fw pliesrip SATS cain ese fos eBid fe ie Pie vne Psieniion Shwe ‘Sinan (sso Tha two retrained wags (8 tance) meBindabld fur don Viele sie Pie THEE E et opment Min ec Inetntomne ates fori qurorpnt ate pe apr hee mained cs orm-— — ‘Tad 18 mp Rind for dm, Vitis Pine ‘Rita mit owe! engepenstan Rando (each ac 1 tains sce fr the nario pate Sap thae to tele cyl ren | “Tall 16, memento den Rand io Pian ‘Rhos mit me ype Rando (6a) Cet 16 ne gpa mnt lao trac fo te ef ‘pulp wi wo mina em (nce) ahd 17 mpSioumommt istBbld fie dn sngmptanion Riser stlegenden Musee Perch ‘cu 1. meson umn Buen vrei ee rey apie ‘Tt 176 me itemomant Binal (OF den sng ‘Row soeremden termes Pre Oy Stau'emaey (uc 17 Supper marent inane tras fe ee rt See Stowe prise = "Tal 16, me Hngustd for die Fite im selzagnden Pateweray (het 8 yee a Enns Sp tings atey 2 1d Bima) beatin FT ne eats fa ae Pte sna eninge F ‘Hisaariea ewes Oye aA Sea (Chart 184, mene trace ri cetarof feteee “ation Gangs 0 92 38 Btn) Tre tm mtn fee Flite ans sateen Fhtetetena Berichte ye sh Ses) (ear, mle aoe for the ctr of sntloer Buttep anh aie yeaa. Sim) Tota 19a Hina Cae di Folmiioneesragenden = ‘Fiiewtaen Dac O29 2 20 flo) ntsesy tinge 0 yc 2b Be) "uth 20 my Bini en in and it ated ‘attmtiee Danie hate ye sie 8 ac) ‘cmt 28 mentanne at ye a gy oe ana Bitoni ale ye sh tats 06 int i on fn Rand ‘Sidiearatine Bana 0 ye ate ‘har 204, my names he fa ee of» sever iAbisisy tongs Oy 20K sme ave Platten Haatretor — SemPlatetript "Tul 2. my Steere intl far di ite den eng ‘Pisani Sri Salts, Tie wey ‘ct 2. roppr ten ns mas fr he sna of Setar te eet Sey ‘footprints (iy ala Mm nO Sk ae Mie de Sl Quron {se Mortalsiaine mit Sf wae Leper tac) ‘Chart #2 melon mu tho ota of the fo ea ‘edge nentptnp we two apron yaa ipa Da ‘ae 2. ge Qug Kasl rdy Rg fe snd cer Potente F ‘Rea Legend trash a = tote Se e Howey) oe or ete ne rt eae SareemeStutencantSinfuOt fn die Mie don lage Ne" Secrn, cor Pi ipa étage SN Semen rpeSppert moment uss fr the centr of Beinelnited tae ge af a ealptesiy epee Te oats el Rechtec-Pates| ‘oll 26. med fr le Fede wnt echasyne aslaeletatgann Rds ah 0 mc) (met 2, glo arn for then of 4 lant ‘Bin ocr pre dpa = 0% 8 te) ‘Silvie enlopenten Ringer (ob —08 8 nO) tatoos urns forte cont of « rectangle Eh our pend ips fa =O, Se) mattis far de Fam te Rectesgite {Birr ufo Ror b= 8 mc) art 28, late are fo the sit of 9 metuasat ‘tn ocr suppor ps f= 1h Se) ne cca Se pe ae Tanto apported ga Toa = 10, ‘tla be, mS Coe den, Vitnkt ir Kahin ‘ite atv tanto Randers a= ie ea Imelnfomce srs fr th qurergine of an Pinca Ms patie l= ee car 0. idee ie team Random oh Imcintoste wre fr te iy of the a of gn fm ih or pyre = 1 —TRekeoane > ie oe ES ‘Tat 25. me Stetenomnt-BioDld fy die Mie dw sings ‘ann Geranium Patents sie engupurica Langetadets feta) nt 8, ‘ho erated Input eg fens) = Rectangular Plates v ‘oll 32. mgd for ie Fei sine Rrchasgate $i swans Rand oa Py wt Tite wil oc rand sigh ia ah Wea) ‘abl 38, my Fingal far din Yoni sine Boshindae {Eien angupension Sand Do's Oa feet smelt ere fr the etter of trang ‘ite Wi cow rand ge a 0, 8 a Sigmon ing Car de Stat a Renn tote agua Rand Oe ‘Seles ocanga pe wis rc 2s eter) care 4, ‘Tl 38. mena fr te Fonte dae Rechaaie at Sh opamice Rat Gea say ar 3, lacs ree for the ator of 4 trae Bie it ne siege = 1.0, Senn) Yaa 38, my Ssh Ce din Pate Wow Rash ate ‘Be site nguransien Hand ey 82h) oar 0, tans merce fr the pnt f © mange ‘ie eth na rigs a= 1.0,"5 ae) ‘Tht $2, mSttememadt Binds fi de Stent ene ‘Retest ine snpepannin Rand he were Resepporesonant intamee raton for he oon ‘Site's tenganr pas ith one esti so ‘Germ a Stn cot=) Bibl (or do Botte sae Ranga ‘ei ame singupemten Hand (oe =e 8m) Imetutcns rsa forthe ta of Hangar ‘it ih on mean nage fe 1H nt Binh (or de Bite snr Roasts Imi eaem singmpenston Hand je= Ic 8 mel) Ielofooee ree forthe seta of rcanglr ‘ith bee metined wigs fe 12, 8 tin) Reset “ten sagwpacnten Rand a= ‘Shiota cts pn thon ran * Get Sunes ‘Mheewel tbr Hak'empspansten Randers a= eat [tt wih two eps at ono corer restned (it = Seine) PaESR Oe eepencn Rie Hy Imetatnence autic fr te enter of rearpir Poti a i mem a fs Stem see eect rs Shr Hor cogmpaantoe Ra ‘hem f= On 8 nie ar 4. Sarena nr i heen a mtu nc who lw at om ‘Sree ined at = Bly 8 tee Staite her ee sngepena inoon iat 38 a) CaePeFs Totnes wile leu ae ‘ror mutated = 68 8s) oa Binal Car da Fite sine Reticle Bs ‘segues Radar a Iplnticee srs fr the cata of estan we one a oh, eSittomement. Ein or dle Smite snr ‘Restate mh ret Gbe B eingupentes Be fee io ns tnt) moment inn, sic for tn ign SAPO Tega oe Sa Se meBinfobld for da Benita coe Rach atte ‘ai el gepiogmaon stnmpeaine Reco, {iia erie) Imetntaces ran fr the ota of retanelar PER Se pete ie et ie Rint fr die Femi sows Receale tweets, snppennon ce enon Ingle mace fr the citar of rectangle “so oppats sin mnie eo, me Statanement Binur di Satna Rishecpiae at ton ea ‘in. ‘pannton Rito ja = Gx Bok) ‘meSuopert mort naeon wee for te day er af ete pae i tropa igen "a me ‘atria Geo ees me Binli far de Plier Raceate ‘Saw oxeatbriggedm, snpperton Tne The ato Fac ‘ik wich tow pote edge retina ile 1, mena fo le Pete sine Wacaaia ‘ai ae one cages Handa, Wate) toon ur ort contr of etanae Pa oes es eaa ee ee ee “Roto. Satan nti Tir eRe dee spuioe Hino je = fo bal) Chart 52 my Suppartimoment Inte trace at Un edge Seto? sectanpue pte wk Wo oposite gs ‘ironed ea stam) ob 62 mp inl fr die Fede vine Recaps Si sveengeeerignein, cngopenen ars ho 72 Fat Ct 68 tae nue fo hs ener of rata ES oe pp rt "Yl 64 minal dip Fede int Hecate serpent, Spun Rane atone sera fr hy ener of teangal eit ow oppo wags vse ms) setesoemmst eg et ie Se ane gpa te tees ae Serrrmyasrats ott "aot om Bind far dla Pit sine asap oe eenergeeen, egspsen Taner (a Tae ‘Char 56 metalmen ware forthe Ste of 4 etngar PEERS so ses a nad a, saad i oie ie Ye “Snowe eso ‘eeaut ‘athe esta Ietnducns maroc se canter of « rangle har wi tro opps ies mained (le L8, tin ‘peReteyeen nt or See se ‘sme, emitting. oo nie cnt (SEPOES eta pe ih two opts ls soeruned eta Bu) “Tae, Hintuotsd Tor dio Fate sine Reanglatte aS wie age nn Of data nO ce at hp ede O20 Waa) sete Rat fr etm ar rear tiaay scams Renda 0 Cun ot meSepper moment infumce, eric for in aay Sere ce a Tel omy Raumati cor SRE ents aon Rcerprtnenent itn vrice rh step Sere ae ect Oj = 08, 8 ates) “en "Tun 6%, mya Cr din Fede sine Wechngain = ‘sitdi engupsnten Rasiors je 4 8 ach) Cnet 6, mada wartce ft the tntr of a Tetangat ‘Bite th ewig orn = 1" R wna) ot 64 my id fr le Folded Racipaie ‘Sica engeparton nds (= hy 8 nh) Chat 4: mf nares for thy ener of tga ‘Bnei tee ages nea a = 8, Sl) ‘i ett tri =a Oot ere Seti Tee, rt gett i mt at li ce eegmpencin Radon = ee perce tree msed 4 2g gape rege LJ Gog ‘at OF mBinlfldfrdis Fade nor Rowdee ‘itd emgmpeton ander (la 03s 8 mas) Care ma eigeeenartace fo th tnt of etna Witte sip sean a = 12,8) “ull 6&. mpd fr dio Femi oer Rekslpatie iat ‘iathen (w= et) ‘Cart 6. my Iaduanen arn fort enter ofa ttangale ‘hie ih tees pm sound Ole 89 ns Renee ‘rl singenponon Hinder a cur 0, Sopper-nment Innis atic for be ales ‘Shue etaine to mh te dgescs oer ie Sate wt 0 Angad for dn Sai sie Cue 7. my Soppertmomentinence wri fr the ese "Tub 11, mS Cor die Ye sir Reskasgate ne Beh pita ines 68 Tite wih four ogee ratreinc @la =" Oa Bone) Imi vrempmperten Ras ‘mrt 72: mplilacee mace fr tha star fe anglat iow To dpm rind je 08, Pmt “Tub 72, my stumonnt ngs ie Mie dr age ‘See Remit wr cghpetan ann tinea nal orc toon, Dane) en or st ot 74m insade Fr die Pent sine Rebate [Ri ir eingpanstn Rte = Sea) Cum 14, mee nace for the sntr f 6 etangat {Beto sm sora Oe eee) 1 1 ming fo dn dps se Tet Ee = dam ‘Chars 18, mre for he quatre of « an Para Nae Soot stm mt te i eens an cor Et a ye ti pans treme setae acer conn Scrpet sems se saereme trace sat A shame ed fs ae "Tot 2. ge Quen nol a Yie siar Ret ogee Raton Bla 10, taney dg eng an ” fetch ve sngepannens Ras Ge ier e~ Seba "aa ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee Tal, Rito rd Finite dee Reta yl fot ntiognen Rass Ba Toe techy a on ees Rocaarts Zac Bows smaney “oe nb fre Tins Dain (ii Sas bated Cour 62 metatance matte fo th enter 4 et BEER appl abe eateeaee : fo nee on of Tretec oih e ow sa Esp aps eas ols ima rein Patten — Ciretar Pies 7 me Hint en Meat o ng Shtegenen ropa fac) han sng fo onan ito ppt TAME Ene ‘Sea pte (in| ne cepanu a a Te rte Ot ies tee : ‘rtd 00. minh fir dag Mint ow singe on Hecate te) Cart 0. meh mc secre Plato tein SERS Etim) ‘a4 mi for Pie cine Rehinyats og le nd evel it sage a me a ait scste ew ped a “os moni To Tae ow Ted Wh oom te aa Baader ar tenet roan tea mparad pala 8, 7 te fy he Mi dae ri amr ecolata rect undo og Sea ORR Sem iid Rigi ei eet “Tl #2, mp ndantd fir dow Viele soar rng ‘Sipeannten mn lrg ppt rin coat open ee is he Pt "Bind valor pts (no)ee ee ee ad ed ed et § 1. Einleitung Salt der Binfohrang de ,Binuinon indo Statik dor ssbtemige "Tragwerkn worden die von Yorindrichen Blatungon oder Lastgroppen (Verkahralaten) vrurachton Schaltkrie mit Voeiabo mit Hilfe diset {afuBlinion” crit, da wo nicht nur méheloe dio Schaitteatte Snter ener Yorbtimmten LastkonBigeraton Dalim, eondom abuns rihalow aie Tasttallangen aberhnopt erkennen set. st dabee i jodam, dor Heratsidarg von Havstatikor gowidmeton Vorbsen sin brite Reuse der Theorie und der Bemithong fon Bn: Tinie von stabformigen ‘Tragwarken genidmet. Dartber Minas ind ‘ine Useahl von Tabellswerken erechionen, do far beatae, light {ypisierbaro Stabtragweeko ~ insbsondare fu alle Arten von grale ‘Trigom sat Konrtantem ler auch verindelchem Teighaltamorsent Aimeralorlose Grundwertoenthalten, dio mit von den Abmearangon des ‘Stabtregwontes auingigen Kowfionten vervalfacht, dio Binfusinon fu" eine probe Zahl von ,Aulpuriten” Uafr, Dieso,Tabaloverke ‘ermparen dom rake tatgen Banwtatikar vel Mu sd een seh {dahor doe gridten Haictbat, ‘Der onvich nabelogonde Godanks, den Mogi’ dor , Binion” ‘0 don sindimennonalen Stab suf das, HinSuBfld” fur do evesimen: onalen Platten oa erwoitern, wurde emt ait dor weitguhenden Ve ‘wendang von Platten ls Konstruslonulament mit bevabterAusnOt2ong ‘orensweidianalccalen Verhaltons ~ inebaondero im Stauton = tual. ‘Dementaprochnd ist do thereiche Behandlung diewe Problems, im Vorgaih aur Ubrgen Entwicklung, det Thooro der Patan, ve Daltaismadig spat anfgeommen worn. ‘Dee Gedanke, thor dee Elafulind fur die Durchbiogung ~ sae dom Maxwmzachen Sate de Bipetche infelge ciner Puntinst — mit Hilfe von Tntegratioean Avsdrioke fer dio Bigedcho von vorgeevbenen Balaaungen vs ehalon, sty ohne don Beg dee Hinubfldee for dio Darehbigung nondich 2u urvthuen, bei Haxcex!, miglicherweine ‘sch schon frher, 22 inden, Diow Morbodo warbo Ss. dar Folge vor tchvoron Autoren yorwendet, one jedoch dom Hegel dee Binfabeie fells Aufzerkantbolt a achenken, So ist oalist in dem von NADA ‘eraten, cingeherdon Wark her die Thoro catiachor Platten, noch Tine Andouting des Bogen ino nu finden. § 1. Introduction Siac the ntraltion of “aftence Line” Into the satiot of plane structares with Inet rwmnbors, be intemal fort of thse seactaree, 0 to variable longs or load groups (lve loud), are bing determined rairentally by thse “Indomoo Lincs” which produce easly not only ‘he Internal free for © ont load combination but lao wake recog nlsble, in pativtlat, the moet snfavorabe loud postions "Thoofors, in any plan for tho tralning of structoal engines, serge pace ls reserved for the theory and the determination ofthe infoence liner of plane sractree with liar mombors. Furthormore, «lage ‘umber of table works hare ben puhlabed which contin dasnsioa bral vals for cortain srtares of Unaar mombory rich can be easly ‘pled — in pail forall nda of seuight bourne wis sonstant or ‘arable moment of inci. The basi values produce the nfoeacelinse {bra large number of "Reference Posts” when multiplied Py cotionte ‘which depend on the dimension: of the stractre. ‘Those table works cv the gruetarel engine nach ee, and therefore, are gly appr ted ‘The logloa! dea to onend the term “Taflumnco Line of the one Aiseraional member to the ten "Lnluenoo Saraen” for tho two Aimorsional plates became popelar only ator an increasing application fof plies at 4 contrction element and with the intentional we of their ‘trodimenaional bovior ~ parila Ia Flnforoed oonreto contraction. Accordingly, the theoretical trectment of hla problem bas been stated mlatvely latin comparia with the other developments ofthe theory of platen "Te ldne to obtain expreons for Yoo auction aurtice for givon| loading by the deletion nfence fee ~ whichir acoordng\o Maxell’ "Theorem, the dfoton asrface due to aconcontravd load — andy inte {tions cat be found in Hen", and psably oven cuir but without ‘entioning expltly the term saluence surface ofthe defection, This Inothod wat applied herafer by several authors but without giving ‘emation #0 the term influence sufac. Bren in she comprehensive work on the theuy ef late platen, wet by NADA, no mention of the tn "Tnlsonce Surface’ gan bo found.7444 . 1 [Nan snd dio Binluioder fer dip Durchbiogung von Patten fr den avatatizr instar wenig intent, ala e fr de Bamening nicht lo Durcibiogung, sondar die Schnitivife konnen mul. st daheraweckantig, do inf Bole fae de Scnithrta set = dle Biogangamomente und Querkzie — 0 mchen. [Dis emton Annies in dower Bishtong dOrften von NeMéNYs" nd ‘Wesrmcaan stamens, bala haben jooch tre wertrollen Ergobnise nicht wolter verflg obwoh slo Ur dle Weare dot Theore ‘von Bedeutung ware, ‘Di auf din Theorie der Hinluboder dor Schulte aangrshtoten ‘Untermchungen ind) vermtch etinalig vorn. Voter angestallt storden, woruer Disewinoxn ei Mitelang machte In dr auch schon (Se MomentansinfaBfld {Ur cine Reshtockplate dargstll wat. Eine ‘eato Dartallung der Thcre, ie schon das Wenerlishe enthit, nich ‘eschlomene analytiche Auedricke for do ee" {Gaer, rerofntihte bald daraaf dor Vorfuwort Ofensiclich nab hingig von diser Abe enshionon Ablandlungen Yon. Oxo" nd Brrsen alo vorchen,cnig Sonderfale dex Vroom dorch Hathen- ‘gait allan ‘se ven; dase yeragen jedoch in doe Umgebung dou ‘Aufpunktes wogm schlecler Konvergear and vermigen den Kern dew Problems, defi Jodo Art von Sehnttkrtften typlache Singular, nicht at Mises, Immorhin waren besnverr io vow TITroR ange ‘bitten Tabolon bert fur dio Praxis verwendla ‘Die weitere Batwiklung der Theorie, nunlich die analytnche Form- lerung dar Slablaritaton fr ale Avton von Eiaesidern, sowie dor Dethoden sur Berochiang det Binufelie slat, warden durceeine ee ‘von APbniten yom ertasoe 1, yon W. Kone, W. Danae, FR Sxipanto™, bekanntgenacht, Noben dieses Atuiten xnd nosh Ver ‘ffentlchungen ir dase Thema, swt bekannt, von Ouse, TXt72- onan’, I, Pras” und Br-Hasuay"™ onchien, Tn dea iettvergangonen Jahren iti chebllcho Anza von Arb ‘tan verfntaht word dio sich sowohl mit der Woiterentwiklang ‘Ser Thi ale sch mit der Anwendung der bier bokannten Methods ‘sf toch nicht heerbetete Platenformen bla. In dr eres Gruppe int Sortonondre P. Srzms" und §. Kaco™ za neuen, dla die Theorie sf aiotrope Platten erwoitert abou, aowio A. Motions, der ‘le Lieong dos Tawecigrotiames nach dor von W. Konrexe lmngowendeten Methods weitrantwinkelt ind Sraheendare durch Ein- fhrang komplerer Recidoen dle vahlenmidigo Linang dy Randwor problemen gefirert at $i However, the influmee surface of tho delection of lates ats of| leer interest tothe diner bncause fe needs t0 know the infernal orec forthe design but not the dalecion. "Therefore, it ie appropiate to find the induenoo sorices for the ‘intemal fre themaolvor~ efor the Mexsral momenta ad seat fre "The nt attmpts in this detion may have boon wade by SOMCENY!? sod Waerencaanb'; howevor both did not fallow wp their isportant tonite in pit of Ue Importance tothe develmpmant of the theory Investigations aimed at Ye shanty on inluneo surfaces of the Internal fres were prommably rode int by the anthor sot! which Dusontvons? gure an information wherein » moment influance wetter {ora rectangular plate was aleady shown. A fit preentation of the ‘theoty which already contains tho esse, Le, derived snalteal expr ‘ora of tho singularity ofthe Influence rarfae, waa baked by the ‘othor shortly thereafter, Pobers by. Ontao? and’ Bares appeared, ‘bviouly without relation te this publication. They tried to wolve some [articular eas ofthe problem Ly sci dovelopment which, however Fain in tha wieinty of the soiree point eraate of poor convorgones ‘nd cannot explain the ore of the problem which the singularity {ype for any Kind of internal fore, However, in parcian tha tables leveled by Tarren were eleady aveful for parte! applestion, ‘Tue further development of the theory, Le, the analytical forme: luton of tho singers forall kindof nonnen faces, and Uo method ‘of compitation oft ionace rawr ie, were Made Keown by ‘avin of publications by the asthor »!%I, by W. Konrens™, by W. Dwomtan't and ty R. Ssivanio! Aside Som thew papers, other batons on thin rabjet appeared, aa far as Known, by OLSEN. Rraneranenne, Le Pin! Be Hass Tn rocene_yoarm, © conadorble nibar of papees oxo publish which del with the devlopmont ofthe theory at well as with the apol- ‘ition of the geod known mo far, to plato shape whieh ad not boc ‘Swidord. I partcla, P. Sram and 8. Kava! aro to be named in tho fees grosp, who extended the Uhory to auaotropi platen and Turthermores A. Motes" who developed the slation of the bow Ary protien by tho method ax applied by Koxroxe™ and who, in ecticla,inproved the merical soltin of the boundky peoblem Dy She tntenivtion of complex rssee ine Retho hier nicht eewuhnter elwchligigor Abhandlingen sind Im Literatarverseicnin achgowen, ‘Am Tendo sl noch erwabnt, daB mitterwele aveh Rinfadflder {or dio Schnittke cinach und doppalt gekrimmter Schalen von KW. Bacm®, I Hoax! und H Nise entwiskelt warden. Demnach lat dio Theorie achon recht uafangreich gevorden. Fino suafthlche theortacho Dartllng wirda den Rahman en rein ‘uf dio Boitefaine det aagewendton Haueat abgstnmten eros pres, ie for do Praxis wetvllen Kegebuine, nmlich dis Kinfafollor fr de Sehaitikrie, Kinin eich shine lngebeudere Kenntineo dot ‘Theorie verwendet werden, gonas v0, wie x B. die Anwendung der ogaritumon auch ohne der gennuon Keontnis von deven ‘Theorie und erechnang moglch it. Die for den Bousater notin Mothoden dor Aueworting far dio yerchindenwten Lastfille sin] In den folgenden Kapitan daopetl..Sio ind nusrshord, um bol Hllaom Rach infer gooauosea Ergebai 2 fern, § 2. Kurze Darstellung der Theorie der FinfluSfelder Die Thor dor KinBudflder geht vos den glechon Vorassstzungen| ‘us, wie di allgmein Platentbeoro, nica dad dio onstante Disks Ger Platte ein sei gogentbor den anderon Abswenge, da det Beartaf’homogen nd introp re nnd dom Hooxiachon Cewcte flee ‘nd da dle Durehbiogongon ini sion gogonbor der Dicks ‘Diew Voruunetsungonglten for unre Werkatof,insbosonder for don Stahibeton, nar Bodingt. Langidhrige Eearangen haben jedoch (pig, dad wir Bauwerko von aawtichonderSichrit aul i Stale fetonban ertalen, wenn wir die Sehnittrife mit dion Annalen ‘ermittsn ond nach einvandion Varfahren bemoan. Der Konnen ‘ie Einfadfelder sich bei dor Berochaung vou Stabotonpltten vending. den, a ‘Di beeogmen Dlogunganomente det Platten sind voo dor Quee- dchungazalmabbangig: dow lat cine WerkstoMhonsante und dahor ‘erindlich, Um Ergebnis rs erhalten, le fret vos dleoe Gre snd, 15 bt don Binfalleldorn fr de Biogongrmomente y= 0 geett. Dem ‘uch snd, gonan genommen, die Binlubfw for dio Biegungsmomento ‘dreh do for die-Ketnunng erast. Dieu Anwalimo kann fOr Pltion {Gas Stahibeton ale gute. Naberang gotten, da bet dism Werktal ‘tlolich Kline it la bei Stal Man hau joo, wie spit gest A nombor of rfernce papers Whioh are not inaioned here, are lst under Index of Referooen, Furthermore, it may be mention ths infuenco warfasee for the internal freee of simply snd doubly curved seis wore developed. hp KW. Biromn™, 1 Hotavo! and il. Nautx™ in the mecntine ‘Thus, tho theory hus bocomo quite exten, A detailed toric) _reentatin would he beyond the soope ofthis ook which was wrtioy Duraly for the nacde of applied station of strtare ‘Te reals, ic, the infocno surfaces of th itera) fines, which ‘co valuble for practic! applcatio, ean be applied withot «thorough Knowledge ‘of the theory, fut ax, for tuttance, the application of logasichms i postbie without n thorough Knowledg oftheir thor and computation. The methods of eralation for the diferent loud s,s requir forthe designe, ao presented inthe following chapters, Thy ‘mw slficient to supply most acourte rrltn with anal computations! ort. § 2. A brief presentation of the theory of the influence surfaces ‘Tho theory ofthe illanon suri in bag on the wae aasonptions us th general thory of pte, bo, te tino the plate onsen ‘hd small compared to tho othardimensons, the material ie homer ‘genous and ictopie aud flows Hook's Law, and the deftones fall a6 compared (ote plate thine, “Those wsuptons ao vali oly with tition fr our consruston materi, in perlclar, for reinforood conte, However, many years ‘of expacinaae have shown tht wo obtain strotans of wiient safety ‘in teinforeed.conerete onstraction when we determine the internal {oreo with tho easnrions and desig by recognized method Thor fore, the inaenesurfutes can ba appli ls inte analysis of enforced sonerto plats, "Tho reduod exural moments of the platen aro depondent on Poss: sow's ratio thin a mterial courant and Urfoo triable. In order ‘to obtain routs fee ofthis quantity, it was oe p = 0 forthe inne surfaces of th flexural moments, Ths, to stato corrects, the inflvnes ‘surfaces of tho flocural momte aro replaced by thow of the ee retare ‘Thin amtmption ean be eonadored e good approximation for plates of Teinfored cowtrete, beens a coteerably tvallr forts stra, than for mec. Mowover, ove can coilor any alr 40 aha Iwerden wid, jade GeS8o von 4 Derishschtigen; Nevon aumgenommen tind Platten, deren Randbedingungen von der Querdehnsgsitor ab- ‘angie ind ‘Ds der Maxwxtiecho Sate von dor Gapeastghit der Verwhisbungen nd dae Superponitonageets fur alle slastiachen Kerper, dle dem Hloomsechen Goeetx folgn, git, it such bet dan elaatichen Patan ‘ie Biegatcho unter ner Ponktint die Binduliscbe odor dex Bin feb far dio Darehbigung Im kt dino Laat. ‘Sel A (2) de Angriepankt der Last Q— 1 und P(e, 9) i blcbigor eldpunke (Abb, 1), 0 so di Glelchang der Bigeltche uymbolech mit Kame) Fay dur ERA iad ia i shown later, excopt for plates whose boundry conditions depo om Pomwor's rato "Because Maxwnia’s Law on tho reciprocity ofthe displacements snd ‘the law of ropeporition is valid forall lata bodies whieh follow loous's Law, forslstle plates, th deoctioneuface, det concen ‘tated load, i equal slo to the inflvene eld r the influence surface for the dlioction at the Toad point. IFA (uo) ith load pol ofthe loud Q-= 1 and P (2 y)« gnera point of the plate (Bg. Y, then the equation of the deletion surface fan bo denated symbolically by Kw 0h ‘0,1 fait A and Papa Pt Konda (en 9) 1g ates pont 2a peel ‘enschnst Somit gobon din Koornaten (a, «) don Aafpunkt des Eis ‘aBfldon an. Daa Elfed it von don ver Vesiablen (u, #2 =, 9) sbbinglg, de ja auch der Avfponkt bal dar Cosamtbat alle Einod- {older hor don gunaon Berih dor Patt wander kann; di Koondinetn (49) dee Aufpukte sind jodoch fr jen sinaaine Finfofld als Para ‘meter honstant. "Fur die Durchbiogung w (w ») i Aufpunt inflge einer blabigon Lantgroppe P; (2 y) ud enue balsbigen, atti vertalton Last P (7) Ps wa S eK twvizea + (jr k inser Aude orb ssh sun dem Superpotonagents und on sprioht fm Princip dem Avowortungsgets’ der iatulinien (v;2) ‘Fon Siben fH alo Durchbiogangy () 00) =D Penis) “Fm te sorte fr 0d Pa ‘Thus, the coordinates (4, ») denote the reference point of the inuenée srfac, The inlvneeauface depends on tho four variable (#3, 9), Tatts the eeerence pint alo en bo any point within the boundaries Gf the plate for the entirety of all the Indurnen worse. However, the coordinator, ) ofthe regen point ar conta wn parameter, for sac jndvdual Innes natn. ‘The daflection w (oy) at the Toren Pot, dus to & gnoral los group Pb a) ends goer, ualfrmly dateboted, lad pe ) ana dy. en ‘This expromion rule ffom the superposition ln, and orernponds, {in principio, to th ovluation ru of tho uence Kine (0) of Knot ‘members for the dfletion y (e) FP Ee) mouse esae | 7 7 aie | 52 Rae Dapeng Gr Tee ie a “Hs snd lich aor doo sndimanlonaan Boxishungen in (2, 14) x (2, 9) ={\rteom nner neds, fora tine load») for pont loads (concentrated loads) P, (9) mleio)= ZPiteond wt rity) Fuhet man an ftolle der tstachiichen Abmossungen # und y dio Aimoninsicen Konoliaten ean sn 16 one roplacs the actual dimensions and y by the dimensionless voeinaton jit be @ = it “ » ond Bon ex ot ‘nit cine mundehat belbigen Linge 1 in, s0 wink woen, ith forthe time ein, afbirary frat then i bomen, oonusn of den tab, dy addy; da = lds: mona P (rien x0. mow) arte) xeiade, (eis) = DP teen x eto ise elgeisnan Auewertangeformaln zeigen, da8 dio Bintafldor ‘vou don aboluten Maden der Plata unsbbingig tnd und dad 0» mor of die Gestalt der Platte ankommt satan, ‘Those general ovalstion orslan show that thy tance wufacn ao independent of the absolute pate dimansion, and that only the ape of the plate portant1 der Rogel snd die Flshen- ed Linkvanen nlc verte, sonveen konstant, jedoch vefach nur auf eles Telbersch ® bev. © ‘Vorhteden. Tn dios Fallo kann p= cone. vor dag atogral gett! ‘nd lo Integration auf dan Telborich 3 bew. 2 emteckt werden ‘Demnach git bei p = cont In general, tho distributed and tho Tine Ioade re not variable but ‘constant, end exist very often only over a range pat 8 or 2 rspotvay in this cae, p= constant an bo placed font ofthe itagral sig, snd the integration eto he extend ove the rang part or 8, expe. tively. "Thus, efor y= contant m= WOO tmdedn, wt) (6,0) = pV ners o) do (a9) (4,20) ed (4, 30) las ich auch grometrsoh deuten. Das Tntogral (4, 20) let das Volamon don aber dem bulastaton Tlborich beta Tien Bindatader; dan Tntoga! In (4 3) tlle don Flicheninalt dor Aber dar bareten Linis # yeshandenen IinaBwerte de. ‘Diese geoméricho Deutang ist glichactg der Sehlsel tur Au wertung. Heit oie slomontare Avfyabe, das Volumen bee bw Ale Fsche gher © mondich oder goometrach 28 ernittla, wen det HEentininplan cee Elsfublldoevortingt. Ba kann hiefr Jodo De rochmmgaieho nv Frithng von Kasper: wd Fichownhalten v= el erden "Er sci noch erwuhnt, da) do AmontasintuBwerte dimensionson sind. Dabo and ach dio Tateglo (4,24) be.) 3a)dimensionane ‘Were. Dn in (4,24) belpiloene in tint, tin Setar gogsbon it, shalt (se) de Dimension einer Kelty xB. 1. Dua wt ret, do ‘% ( ) on anf dio Langmeinhelt berogener Moment ist, dah i Diapnsion tm = hat ‘Obwol in (4 1) for jderbobbige Wort gosta worden kan, 4 sveckmAbig, ete bol Plttnateon (Taal 1 bis 23) de Stewie, ‘bel Rechoupitton (Tafel 20 bie 0) din lange Sito wd ts Kr platten (Tafel $7 his 99) den Durehmewer ansehen 1D) Die Fiabtoldr fr aio Quer- und Stitkrtle is im Holenisonpin dargostlten Einfuwort teen wieder it Ieicnet. Deo Wert tnd wider dneasonson ie atllon aber dae iho der tatachchen BinfloGwerte dar. Bet don Querkrfin ad {elder a jock isin Uelibiger Wert, sander sno Grade lag fr. Tn den dargutlten EiiiGfeer nim est joven vermert, wa fe a sinzncten i (4, 20 ad (420) on targeted svete ao The tes in (20) thn voltno of th bllvone tare over the lon range [ist tho Integra (3) ropremte the ee intgrl of fh ones ‘ane over the fond iw 2 “his gone moaning e tho Key fr tha elton. tf pla woblon fo dsternine nunortaly 0 geormttealy sh vale over 8 Eth eae ovr retire, tho contour fan ene nrao= i geen Any computational hol for the dterminaton Wx vale scouts oe aren uy Be tat Hr 1 shall bo ate that the spot ntsc vas ate dinsintes ‘therefore, te integrals in (4,28) oF (4,34), reepeetvely, xe dimension lowe valuen lon. For xamplo, as pn (4 24) given in Jin? and TS meters, («obtain tho dimension af foe, fr iatance eo) That correct, cate on (1) a moment per anit Fgh, ehom, he ication tim of ‘Although in (, 1) fr Jay arbitrary valve ay bo wae, iis witablo toring the pan length for pate stip (Chart 1 #0 25), the longer side for redangolar plato (Chart 26 to 80) snd the diameter for even tes (Char 87 t0 83), 1») The inaonessuraces for the abeae and support forees ‘The infin values, sown jn the entourtine plan, shall bo denoted sgsin by x. Tho raluoe are mensions, but are «times the actual intone valu, For the tea fro ilsence surface, «i not «gente! ‘alne ut a magnitde ir fixed, What val has tobe watituted for «rs denote fa the text of tho ptesentd Inlaence surface.a4 Dio Auawertung wird auch Ker mit dimeusionlosen Koordinaten Fa sles n= ye dorcigef ub eit aweckoig, als Beruglige gich « sinmafubren amit gilt du Ie ale Multipikator aller Rinfusilder aft: 200.9 ~ aren n0 = Spt ath eiedde 106.9 ~ 2S Pond x Sind die Fuchen- baw, Livionaten = const, wird witderum a ane) = alee odds. Dieeo Bevchungen agen, da ach din Annvortong der Querkea sinfufldr suf Inbalts- nd Fushonbereehnungen aurokant hen it ld onan so vor sich got wie bei don MornentenianBflern; etn Tedigich andere Bfltpikatoren anzewondon ‘Dain (4,6 bis §) die Noltipikitore Jowell on einen Grad nederor sind ale ln (4, 2 bis), oar aio Atumortang dio Bomgene Querkraft mit der ietigen Dimension fm. ) Dio Verfahren sar Volama- und’ Fiuehenberchnang {ave Borecnsng dos Inhale don aber dom belaseton Bereich bn lichen Tels des Einufeldes kann jada bekannte Verfahren dee Volums- ‘orechiing verwendet werden, Man wird in det Regl durch dan Kerper robrore Parallacitte hen, deren Flschninhalts bation und fant dan Quercnittlchon den Ramin borechnen, Man kann borat suf reraciedene Wels vorgshen Lotrerie Parelldchnie-Diew Sehattfthrung iat bol linen Last tuseicon,inibeondore wenn sedan Anfpanktenthalten, xu empl, Dio Inhalte der Sehnttacen sind In dine Pall mit dr Trepearegs ‘ole der Soersonachon Rogel aus den Ondinaton 20 ermittl. Waagrechte Shwite verwondet- man bel groben Tautherchon, ine Imsondero bet Vallelatung der Plata, Die. Fishenasamttang der wangreehton Site evflge am Instn mat eam. Planer pal) (oe: ded, “ 1 is mutable to introduce a at referonce length ecBemnt He ofr lie in a a tn nc ef, mdeen, eam all of tho dnebuted oF of th ins land, epetively, tp = con ‘stant, it becomes again afd ) wm ‘Tico relations show that the evaluation ofthe shear feo inves urfacs it reduced to volume and ares computations also and proses in exnely the same way as forthe moment influence wurface, excen, that diferot millon ao to be apni. ‘Because ech of tho mation in (4, 6108) a (4.2 to 0, theo correct dimension fn. ©) The methads of volume and aren computation ‘Any known method of volume compatation may be was for the ompatation ofthe volume of the part of the infenon srface located hove the loaded range. Ae rla, ona will lay soveral parallel nections through the body, determine thir area and sompute the volume from the erousoctonal areas. One can apply aifrent made herein Vertical paral sions This method of ettng i to bo recommended for small lon rang, in particelar, sf they incl the reforenee poi. In thin ea, th aren ofthe secon rurfaces Ato be determined by ‘the Teaperoidl or by Sinersow's Bul fom the ordinate, Horiontal tions a bing applied for Iago load ange, in pat colar, for taal pate lading. The bast method forth aren determiaton ofthe horaotal selon by planter,ee ei dor Aurwerting mil gchtson Mitelowion sucht man fr ene ‘eaten Telbertch den Mittlwert no bestinmen und erhlt den er dom Tollberish beGadichen Inhalt 7 dow HinfaBlden aus dom Produkt von Grandficho AF dea Teilbrichoe und dem Mittlwer In tho evaluation by ctimated moon als, on ti to determine the ‘moan value for a loaded range part and obtnins the volume. dof the Influence rorface above thn reage part from the product of baie aren AF of tho rango part and the ean valve 5 AV = aR, wo — { ay 8 Vleet over Sh range = dja sense wih en Wie ADD. 5 acigt, it din Kiachtteung dos AUtietneten von dee Gribe dee Teilberichon und’ der Govtalt dee Binueldw in der reich abhkngig, Ist das HindBfld mn Bereich wenig germ’ — ort sich alo der Hhene —, 20 lst die Hinahitaing doe Mitl- ‘veins nihtr ala bei tarker KrOzamung. Ebon rt det Mitlwere bak sinerem Talheesh naturgemtlechtr 0 boatinssen la bel groder, ‘Trilborie ‘Diets Verfahren win aber sofort unauvertmig, wenn der Aufponkt do Bindubflice inneealb det Teilberoiches eg, dann dio dot aut ‘retonden Singularititenenchweron die Einchitewng eins srelenden ‘Mitlwerton nb "Ba allen Hino Bfldem simmt die Fidcbnkrimaung mit dor Ent- ‘nang vom Anfpurkt ab, Man kann dabee in einigee Bntforng vom ‘Anfponkt de Lason untae Umutindon ala Panktltton elafthren, daa Ii, man versichtet zB, bai Raddrdchen auf dio Vertalungabeta und wertat nach (4, 4) Dew, 4,8) abs. Dio Zelimighat daa Vorahrens It sich leicht boris. Wards im Devish dar Flic 4 Pin der Umgebung ‘dr Ortee (Gyn) dle Gmamtat P, ertragen, 40 wird nach (4, 28), tofomn wir glichmaigo Lastvertlang innerhalb 4, anehines, wegen p= PiaP, mon mimes todtedy a ‘Ax Bg 5 shows, tho eatin ofthe nian value depos on the size the sange part and the abape of tho lnlueno warface in thia range. the ialoere surfs i alghty curved, Le, approaches Hane earface, the timate ofthe mean vlan i oasor than for a large curvatare, Like: owover,thia mathod booomas immediatly unable if the reference point of the nflsoneemurace ie Lcatd within the rango part, becetnc the singularity, occurring there, makes the catimate of & core mash ‘aloe very dict "The waco carvatury dotesn in all tho influence surfacos with the stance from the reference plat. Derfore, coe ty conser Toads in tome distance from the relorence point an caucantented fonds, ke one tliminates, for tstance, the ditebution width for wheel loede and ‘rauntes with (4 4) oF (8), eapectvely. Tho realty of the method an be proved ety. Ifthe aren part in tho vieaty of point (Ey nd farsag the total load Py and if we asnume ualorm loxd distibation, then wo obtain, in acordance with (4, 24) and beeen af =2 ie a De wegen do Mittabretetzee i \eWesmdedna zy aey nd : ind 50 degonrirt (4, 10) bei Teilbrichonauberhalb dan Aufpanktes in m= Pm tnd bei echton Punktiato baw. bol sor Manan Tellborlchon ebenfalls Berhad dos Aufponktey, In| mea he woloher Auadruck in Dbervnatimmung sit (4,4) tet, Es int einlouehtend, dab (4,11) nur fr Kine Tuberiche ange wendet worden kann, da nur dann dio Bisehitzung dos Mittlwerts 5 GGnigermaton sateen wird “Man kann mit Hilo von (4, 11) auch einen graeren Balatange- ‘rich uswerten,indam man ihn in Kainere Tlleriche 4, zeragt und iit den Tellaten 1 P, aurertt: ‘Bessuse ofthe mean val re (4, 10) dagnteaten for sang parts, nc including the referee point nto «m ‘for tho truly contented lads for very eal ang pst, ep ‘ta fom the rrnse Pins ata 7 = Hse: bond 1 exronon hich nanan wth tI obvious that (11) can be appliod for sal rango pars only, oonine only thon, tho tatinate of the average value becomes nel age iy By (1), one ean evalunto also larger loud range, i. by wal viding iit salar ‘Py and evaluating thers with th ng to all rng part 4, ed erating sho with he mina DAP Dine Vorgag it jedoch ungenaur ale dio Berechnung nach senk- rechten oder waagrochtn Schniton und bringt atch in dor Rachnunge Alurehfthrung Keine nennerawerten Vora. ‘Bei Keneren Talbereichen in grQerer Entfemung vom Afpuakt tan man jdenfalla veriafachond dio Last le Punks bteschten und ‘ch (44) auawortan, Hiorvon wird, B. bel der Berechnung von Pabr- ‘babmplatten tateeilch Gebrauch gemacht (§ 6, Bail 3). ‘et den MomontensinuSflder, daren Ordnaten im Aufpunkt wn- cniich gro werden, m8 naturgemS die Dantelling der Sebichten- Iinen'ingende abgsbrochen werden. Es wi vermerkt, da wohl die ‘Eallubwertow Shor jade Grenze wachsen, dad’ aber der Inbal dione immer dinner wordeedon Scblauchee endlich tet und berechoat ‘worden aan, Bai allen Einfafelder snd vo vile Schisheninien dargstlt, dal dar Inhalt doe nicht mehr dargstaltn Tell oo Kein wird, dal et ‘ernachiaigt werden kann, Der Nechwels herr word vom Veramor sete Hovee, thin mia tI acta than tho computation vera rho sto, cad dos het alr ey sabe sea Now in th comptatoad psn Por mnie ratg pact ine dnc tm thereon pot, tore he bad ay any cae sere ad a valued by (64) an tid actly spl fo ane a the computation af gyda sl 8, sap) 1a ie moment nfo ane whoe ruts brome lft lege a th rots puto te coterie ef os {246 tren offset sal bond ht te inc ae 2 inns aor yl he yl of tn sonrrgng tek as tite be compete in a fe nin en my et, ‘enw own ta te sin ft ut ows, ae fr that small tht tan be negated, The proof of this waa givan by the thor,ap Ta a a ae 5 Aste ‘Bei der Avewertung bediont san sich, don Gllchungen (4, 2 bis 4) vod (6 bie A) entsprechond, dimensonloser Lngen. Ea iat xwock: Indi, Tor dio Lingeneinoit inch (4,1) die geobare Setensoge der Rochteckplati baw ie Seitewolte den Pattrteoifonn oder Platan- Ialbteieaesuasnehmen, De ale Kinfubfedee wo dangestel ind, dal ip Unguo Brite dea Rechtecraatics 20 em, dio Statemeite der Pate ‘trifon 10 om West, ln an alle af dow LAngoneinhaitterogeen, Aznensionslowsn Mabe ait cw Madstab 1:5 bev. 1:10 anftngen ter abmevsen, "AI Hand einige Hip wit de pratache Durer der Ave verting geal § 5. Anwendungsbeispicle aint 1. Aveveting wit Vertalcian fr ene orb nig Raine Lathes Te it das Mogengmon*tt m, in Yelle ine quadratic ‘atom wer cingepenton ladon de Bla pone sf im Bere - in Fedex bern Man vet dae Bed Taf 74 easel don bltton ‘orchid e Verte a Tm vorageden Yule eng ce wegen dor Synetsi, nt Setitt faren Ab, 2 ‘io Goal der snalne Stitt sidnet man var Atowertng der cisasnen Pichon hers (ADU. 7) De Tishonerenang win nt Tile ee Soares Tog nd dor Format or ae Fishonintae on Recheck, Does wid Teper vorgncon dy wf 1200.7 geet low gtchmebon da Quesaitehngoctrchen, Wego ‘eye dee Quartier hr nur de aon Qrraie Ahn in in Ete oe nd Py arte Dio Lange cir tenchataiachen snd in eto Malta smc in den de Sislinge de Bibs dis Langs at De le Sninge 20 em tig, wd it nm Nato 1 hl fermen, be Vv soe Metab 1:00 dr wo imme rae tn win, dr andi etrag, Dio Ornate der Hine snd ‘Deu dinero, oda ch Ue Michal sb dims, {radon epson Die Lachnung de Fchoniae at i Abb 750 wierggsen, wie don Bodurfin dr paktachen Arwen. Dat Ypinh PyO3eH, Fp 0306, Py ONT, Foy =O, Pinu. 1a the ovation. one appli dimension jag in the equations {hm 0 ta omni wit ‘ih fens to), he ego ae nth tho scene fists ot tho span gh tho pate ip er minty, napec lively All of tho infloenee muro are fronted so that the Tonge sido af th rectangle platen 20 em tad the span length of the plate spn {Ocm; thus, oe ean pot of tou all oe dimensionless ae refered tothe wn length in the senle 1 or 11 weponely ‘The practical execution of Uhe eralation & dstiated by some ‘cxample. § 5. Examples of application Beanie J. Branton by vertealweions sn fF s Toi range rently nal "Tho flexural moment m, athe pte coiter of 8 square plato with four Hiily restrained edgs 0 be eompute for & fond. p= ect cover a range of Lat ho plat centr ‘ve we the nen auease Chart 74 sl plots into the fond range atthe vertical nection. In tis gene 88 soto ae mien {ig 6) beet of the mymmetey. For tho elton of individual ars, one plots the shape of the dirt setoon spurts Pg 2) een competion bin ‘tno by Sisos® Rae and by th fra forthe are computation fof rctangl, parole tgment and tapaioil, and i wsored right bowie the efos-metlon, ax shown in Pig. 7. Hecate of the yams) ef the erose ston, ony one hit af the eration ean Fe Pn Fran Fie, td Pr were competed re ‘Th ith fn the erosion aes ar to be sensed in ene {in whieh the side ng of tho lance sco ithe wit Aw tide length i 30cm, ove measures comely With sale 15; of Iter ‘Seramount by two of sacle 190 which Is mont relly availble: The twdinton the igenen aun ar dino nls terfr, fhe frst are oblainad an dieronlow guantitin ‘The computation of the arose Inland, fn Fig. 7, wie & way ‘as i would matinfy the roquiremeats for sprucio spplcation. The eal Pp = 0.89, Fry = 0300, Foy = 872, Foy = 0315, Fy 0.07Ans den lichen wid widorum mit fe dr Srrvoxechon Rog The dimensiones volome ‘aa dimensionslose Volumen =o 7-6 Ameen ot tng Ft emme eth rnin 8 tr eroshnct, Dor Atlan der saslen Schnite it dimensional cinet- i compat fom tho areas by Sinwons Ral again. Tho epcing of setaen; et benigt } « J Jy: 00313, Wogen dor zwoiachen Sym- tho nivel action tobe ftrodaeeddimensonle, that, = = town don Molina 8 win 1 Ha Bond F-00019 (ANH 4 ,906-49 - 091244 - 0816+ 0800ieee eae an besogone Blgunganomentm, in Fokimite wind nach 4, 28)somit: apn ot apt ‘Thos, tho mdvond feral moment m, at the pate center’ ecorae vy (4 = ph 8 = ones p= o0708 9 ART Ra TB Dae Pet foinn to Fo eumle Wegener Symmetrie von Rinfudfld und Belastong git ior ‘mg = mie Dor borehole Wort asst y= 0 voraus, Ia p+ 0,2. Bt, 0 wird, entaprecend der Avefahrang am Endo von § 26. 6), damy= Mm, “Bal ciniger Ubong in dar Avewertang dor Einfuaider kann auf doe Awfséshnen dor Sshntto Tle Y verichte werden, da io in die Bor rchnung eagstenden Made (Abb. 7) aan dom EinfaSfeld wnmitelbar ‘brulown led, Di heranngeaschnaten Schnttfachonorechter Toia- Tah in Ober io aon nleht wnbedingt matsbich sulgeschnat or Deigpit 2. Auaverting mit Horzontaluchntten £8 einen verhitnis- rig grote Later fst das Biogungsmomect m, in Feldmitto cine allele fel en liegnden Rechteckplate tit dec Sltenvertltae 1, — 0.8 infalgo ‘Vollbelatang za ermal ‘Man Beit den Enfield Tafel 26, Dor Lastharich estrvckt sl, ber die guage Platt. Be it her eweckmg, dle Fitcheninhalte dor arch do Sehehtenlinin bogrenzton Horzontalbite = 0,1, 2,.07,8 ‘2 Destimmen, Man bat 2 beachten, dal ls Elshlt dos dimension lexan Langsnmatabes do linger Suite f, ~ $0em ling in Taal 20 — suumiehen Int. Ha let sodenn dor én Guadratzqntimeten cuitile Bacau of symmetry of inuenee surface a load, is ere my—m, 1s wun tind that p= Oia the compared lon IE + 0, sy Toe Instance, ton it bowome, according 0 the explanation atthe ead of $2 (0. 8) and Neca, — ty, +1) 00708 # = 0.00825 pF With somo experenos ia the ovation of innse surfaces, one can diapeno with th plating ofthe saetions I to, boonsn the dizi ‘ons, tnod in the compotion (Pig. 7), can be road divcty fom the Fnflaoneowurfac, The potted setona improve only the clears; they ‘do not have to by Ararn eeu to sale, -Ezample 2, Bralution by hovieontal satoea fora relatively lange load range. "Tha Rexural moment m atthe pata contr sto Ye determined fr s swctasgla plato of iy 08 aera, egily supported ot ll oes ‘od do to uniformly disteibted Toad over the entre pate, ‘Ono wos the inlenoewurface Chart 26, The lad rage axtenta over ‘he entre plate. Hero, i is mitale to dotrmin the areas of the bsi- zontal sctons which are bounded bythe contourlies #=0, 1,27, ‘Ono should to nota that a unt of the dimensiones wn Teng the Jonge side J, has tobe aod — 20 em long in Chat 20 Thus the are, determined in eqore contimetors, has to be divided by 400 in oeBf 8 ee Uchiha daseh 40 20 vie, Yan aig mensional Inia” 2 eration, Ze Plchenaianitelng henstee san ontwede, Millsetorpapie aur’ AemeANing von Quran alee sn, Planner is mit Hi ine Panieterhutiaaton Plshon awe die Bere ng do aivvaionalnen Volumen 8 mit Wile der Stersosachnn Teg Gu do fae ‘Taal east ‘tan the corott “dimensonons vile”. Bor the ares davrmination, ‘on ne ator Yaper with nulimeter squares oe & Mavinetn, The avous determined by « planinstr and the computation of the inowsionea volomo 8x by Shtao%"s Tels, aro recorded in the folowing table, Mit i Sagan ai de gore Sit so ES = eieht yan a, — win gowohnt a J m0 mt wenn J, 1. Binet? Ieiaid 3. ened. des Biegungmsonenten i Fale one ililtunfaaaplatt (octet 7,1, = 420. cbt das Riggurgntoniont n,n Feldmite dr Fairbainplate ci ‘suaonbrteke dor Kise (20) nash DIN 1073 20 bweehne. Dio Pinte fei Mange der Rinder Tp 800% fot singspannt, Ings dor Randor {= 0,0. fel auflogsd.glager Sun vorenba e Enea Tall 8, Dodgson astataling rach DIN 1072 — ein 004 Schyeriaaragen und de gchatdig ver tale Last yon 0,80 tm be, 0,900 tnt at Abb. & Garg Dio Taatetltangn maar fen ihtigon Mata ~ 1 engetrage vwordan Be beta Der Ratan 904 aw 8 = 0.108%, Ae Spurweito 2600 Baw, 340 = 208 ‘Thos, ei wi refrac ta the tango wd “bonis pit et ph ome rf 1, ~ ae uaa, then Mt oeonts, oenuse of = 1.80 oupie 3. Computation of the loxura moment at th plato conor ‘4 rare eonerte rig deck slab (Root pte [ye 120), “Due faxal momont m, ofthe dack slab of «road bridge, Clan (0), st the plate center to be compatod in acordance with DIN 1072, ‘The plo shall be rigidly evra along Poe eee = S00 m an rigily mipportad slong the edges 1, = 0.60 m. ‘Ono applies the infveneo struct Chart 64. Tho governing poriion ofthe tal ~ a GO-ton Honvy Duty ‘Trak and uniformly ditibuted a 0.500 emt and 0.300 nt, repeetivaly ~ acerding to DIN 1072, ahown in Fe. 8 "Th loo yoni have to be pete to th coret eal y= 1 Rie "Tho gale pacing 1mm oF 182 9,56", hn orci 200m o 28 = saan3 fm ew le oe le ie a a 38s Konnen alle Radek ala Winzallastn auagewertot werden, 53. All of the wheal load say bo evaluat ax eoncentrat loss exc sgenomien dio Gher dem Aufponkt befindiche avast, bei der dio tho whee led ova the reerone pnt where lant daasbution ft be {trertaiang 2n berelaihtigen sonido Als Vortelingallich dar Raddrtcke haan die Austenitic dox exes, in der Richtong vergraoet wm den doyelton Abstaed abr bahnoberants + Patwesnitte, angenoninion ween. Dose Annahine cutee nent Veeangrvinkel™ von 88° au Plattonmite, Sh {io Busko der Pairbabnecks 16cm wal die Sirko der Stahlbtonpat 25 em (geachite), so werden de Braiten der Lasticho tr der Ra Just her dem AUfponke: fm dor Fahtrehtung quer tor Fabrtechting find fin Mata 1, = oj 2064 1% oo 28 Ly” As dststion are fo the whoo! lands the contact are the whet saay be nase extended in each dlytion » dnt twice the Jet of top of Ook la to the mide of he pts. Thin supine sores tee stibaton alo” of 432, Pte pavement em a Ue ‘oyu ofthe einfret cones slab 23 em (tiated), thon the dimes ons af tho hn ion tule the wheel Toad er the reference poist bono: 4 the drotion of trate by 2042004129). stem respenicuar tothe dieetionoftaficd, = 60» 2(16 +123) sd toned Fy = "1"Roget ‘Dis auf dip Ftcheacinhet eaogene Bolastang dione Lastbrsiches {nt inahieleh dow Sehwiaghobwerton = 1.39 oan 1 Abb. 8a er Later tar dom tad wa dr Vorte sett 1, 1 ud 171 fer de Aunvortng engstrage, io Atavering elt it vier Abuchbton: Der Antal nage dee Radian her dem ups, dor Asal dee brig Tals ls Hinal- Inston in Rechnung gel, der Anil dr lichinadigvertaton Bagel eet anf der Hasptspor snd a hrigo loka wero Repel ‘Dae Votan dev Radiraskes hers dem Avfpankt ‘we em Boia antic geo mle Verlshittan agent Het " 3, Fn nn wogan don Atanas dat lazaien Schnitio AE = fy = 0.0905: SaB,= 2+ ‘Mitin betrgt der Antal der Raalas er dom Anfpunkt am Gasant (10005 (0,344 4 4 0.418 0,400) "Tho Jad in thie loud rang pur ares unit including th impact actor 35, ‘Tho lod range slat the contr whoel and the three verti! ste tions 1, JT and ITT for tho evaluation are shown in Bg "The evaluation ie done in fur stop: The eortibution of she wheal load over the raferonso point, th coutibtion of the remaining wheel Tod oaniered aa concentrated toula i the somputation, the cont ution fom the uniemly datribvted standard losd on he rain trafic lage andthe contebution ffom tho remaining unlfertly dinebuted standard load ‘The volume from the wheel feed over th teerence point Ie being casted iy vote sion, ga demonstrated in detail in Example 1 ii 0416, Fir 0308 ‘and, with the spacing ofthe inividual actions of 48 = fut opis, ‘Than, the contibstion of the wheel Ion over the reference pont to he total momant i mje Bplay + 4048 7890-9908 = 288ml. ‘Dee Baiteg der Sbrgon Rasston it ur Punktston ach (44) ss bereshnen Aus dan in Abb engotrageno Teddrcken von jo 10% ‘ine mam mit dest Sehringheivert@ = 1,35 ‘The cotsbation ofthe romsining wheel loud i tbe computed for ‘ononntat ous by (44). From the wheal lds of 10 tons each, shown in ig. 6 ond oblana with tho lmpect ctor p = 135: [am = Se Pencbey -100-1A804- 1041-200) = 320tmpm, ‘Der Anteil dor glichmbig vrtiton Regellst eof dar Hauptapar at- 0800 = Qe7S tlm? wind wieder mit Aife dew Volumens 8 er ratte Fr deen Bereehnung Rann man innerhalb des. qebotonet ‘Genasigeit dan Schutt TV (Abb. 8) aber de ganze Bret als Konstact faoahen; dar wird mit ¥ nd der Beste der Hapa von 0.3121, 1.0300, ‘The contribution by the uniformly distributed standard Ioed 1.35 0.00 = 0076)? on the main tefo lane shall bo determined sarin by the volun i. Depending on the required aowurscy, one ean ‘Soume fr Ite computation atthe woaion JY (Rig ) eon over ‘he entee with; ths, one obtain with = 0015 ‘and wih the width ofthe main tale lan of 0312 1,a Bm a a 2 Schleich ist dt Atl! der geichmaig vertalon Regalasten von 0200 tm? beideeite dar Hauptepur chan Shwingelwer) ra bere ‘Die Avewertng dsr Lastbersiche mit Verxalahniten lect 2k 00088-0675 5 igen of pnt 828, =0312- 00126 = 0,080 snd the third moment part 0% 0,010 = 0,02 em. ‘inally the contebution by the uniformly dtributd loud 03008) {o both ide of the masin trac Ino (eithoat impact io to computed. "The evaluation of thowo lod ranges by verlal estione produsoe ex Bs 02512 ‘nd damit don viertan Momentensatll and horaby the foun soment pat Aime ple + 02812 0800 0,608 038 min, Das Gesumntmowet ifolgy dar Verkshralastn betrgt somit ‘Thos, the total momat dus tothe lve lod be: y= 2408 + 922-4 0902 4 0,28 = 620 tm, Beep 4, Berochnang don Bigunganoment im Viertlpunks eave ‘Stabibetonfahebainplata (grpannt wiachan Tangtigern che Qier: ‘wager, Plattenstefe) "Es it das Biogungemoment on, im Vieeelponkt dee Falybalpatte tlaeeStralenbrdcke der Klang T'nach ONOHM 3 4002 wx berechn, Di Platt baw. der Pattenstesfen ails der Rider 1, fst ings: ‘penal, di Stel sl J, = 70 Man verwendet das KinfaGfld Taf 14. Dn malgchoude Lassen rach ONORM 4002 — in 6O4-Raspenfahreng im Nivigang mit Iiderstigan Abweichungen Yon 00 m von dee Fahruahnnitte — ist Im AbD. 9 dargetal. ‘i Taststallung wind fm Mast J, = 1° oingstagen. Be botrgt ‘tia Sparweite 2,50 m bew. F54 = 0,867" glosig, So boteigts. B, bei Tol 79 AY = 0009001, Der Iabalt Aioce Eindutiedes for halnaige Vollast iat Y = 0.00521; dasmnach {at bei Vernachlisigung von a dor Fohoe 3.4%, Bei Kleiner eet- Dorichen wird dimer Foor alleringe gree ‘Die Gonauigkeit doe Aumerting dor Querrafsintabider ann tieh dat vom Verlawor ontwckston Aus "Be stahen dennach die mien Hintiddge unter diveter Kontrol ‘Wo dias niht migch wer, et eber an deren Conasighets wc nicht 2 ‘pref, da alle Kiafubfider nach den glishon bewahrten Mothodon ‘rita ond mchrfach nachgopr in “Jedonfalis form dio Hinder Tur Tebslastungon sch gunavo “Bxgobnime mit einem Abeltoufvand, der nur einen Iivachtall desoon ‘etragt, den ede andere Methode dor Theorie elartachor Platten iefur sfonde. § 7. Die erveiterte Anwendung der Einfiulfelder Dis voringnden Einfudluder — 2 Stdck — Linen natargomsd cht allo in dor Prasin vorkommenden Pltton enhiplnd rfason. ‘Aber sie snd fm grofen und ganzon doch aoswchend, um ach dana. ‘urefende Wert Infra, wenn die vorgogobona Flaten nicht gens 8 sno Einfullld pase. i Abmechunge dor a3 berechnendon Patan con den ru Verfgung seheaden Einfubfedern kinnon dele Ursache haben: 1 Dan Sovenverhlnis der 2uberechnenden Plata weleht von den ‘Bingubfldern ab. ie Sttrungabedingungen der xu burechnendon Platte weichon som dau verlogeten Fielder ab, TT Ti ida pian fe nis ena hs about ih tne sat of tanh prt. The, the eror mount ely 119 fa vent ore han ch tray cnr ul toda sng heavy, ee become very mosh fowler For inane, P= von 10D was ‘Sri tn finns ro SY = Ls 10-1 whsh tran at th ene stanly the ng ‘ert, he pat of he owt Indes sane swn Sontarpan canbe nagciad entree csr gaol ‘Ti conditions are not quite at favourable forth soa fre nlaonoo surfaces. For instante, iin AY = 0.00900 for Chart 79, The slum of this influence auraee for distributed la over one hal of tho plate is ¥ = 0.0882; thos, th ero for the noglot of AY ' 2.4%, However, this error gota bigger for smaller load range, "Tho accuracy of the ovalusion of shar force inuenessurfacce can ‘vo Inreued if one eppiosexpromion fr heat foro lntencsrofacet developed by the author® wove preenttion, however, would wirpant ‘he hein aan spe, ‘Thus, mont ofthe infloance surfaces aro checked diet, Thai ae: carey cannot be doubted, however, wher his at not owls, cate ‘St of the Infucnoe suracon were deterainad by the sate approved Imothods and tackod rover tines. "Thus, the infonen waraues rude for partal lodings very sccurate rela, and with an amount of work wichita faction of what sey othor method inthe theory of elatieplatz rule, § 7. The extended application of the influence surfaces (f coarse, the pronented infasinon surfs — 09 charts — can Hot cover exhnustivlyall plates oocaring In peutce, Howover, toy are in neal, effsiont to produ corrct.Yalutealehough the given platen fo not tina exactly with the inuance surface, ‘Tuo deviations of tho plata, t0 be computed, ftom the a inaones surface, can bave theo Stee The ade ratio of the plate, tobe computed, deviates from that of the preted lnence surface. 21 The aupport condition of the plato, to bo computed, deviate from ‘those of the presented infnce srfhos, blea 48, Hs soll dio Schaitthrat an sinom Punkt ormittlt worden, dor anit der Lago des Avfpunktes der vorapenden Binder niet bor ‘inal, Dan Kans bol sinigem Vertandni in allen dei Filon ssh mit io dor vorhardonen infufeler sowelt bebafen, dal man brauchbare [Nahecungswerto orittln ann. "Ad 1, Die vorlagenden infuBetder fOr Rechtackplation rit var nterttton Raden bibon di Seitevrhilnin B= 0,8 und 1,00; ‘wo wogon der Einapennungevrhitna sine Vereacharkat dee been Ashoerlchtungon sieht mig iat at auch noch dae Seltanverileaie ‘je 120 berachachtigt Sllen Platten mit mvachon dicen, Werton Tiagenden Ssitensorhaaisenborwehnet worden, so worden mistls Inte pletion der Avswertangenguta Brgebaine ohalten Tnterpolation dor Atrvertongeergstnine vou a = 0 Bai Seitenverhiltainen ba 0,80 brw. bla > 120 konnen, ohne te. outende Fehler x1 machen, dio Einfubfoioe fur die Plaltenstefon ‘und Platanalbstreon (Tefal 1 bis 25) veewundst werden, da solche Meshteckplaton unter Teiblartangen ~ die madgotenden Lastatllngen fr dio Bamessang — gegenee dom Pattontrtfon weaig Untorchiode ‘igon, Auberdem log dio Abweichang aif dev sehen Sete “For Rechtecplation mit swel gopentberligenden, freien Réndern sin dis Binfldor fr ia Stenveraltain Biz 0,8 und bla 0.867 ‘ngogsbon. Bei a < 0, nfbert seh de Vertaang dar Langsbiogungs ‘momento lnmer mehr det un Ballon, do Quarbiepingsmomenve werden liner. Bel Bectchiehtigang diewer Unstinde kas man sich immer sutrfonde Nuberungrerte verchafe, wenn man om alcht vorsict, {in diem spesion Fale io Talon von Ouses ond Hencesiasx"* Inranzunahen. Wird b> 0,07, go nabert sich der Kebtovrlf dam loa Habstfne(Pafl 22 und 2) bow. doe Patonatriens Taf bis 10) ‘Dia Elnfelee fr Platten mit vel feien Randern dian nur Bre nang von Plattenbrtken, bel denon sieso das Seitenvohilnis sm ‘unter bje = 05 inken "wird ‘Der Verpoich der verohindenon Rinubflderaegt, da be Site vethiltien aubechalb dos Bereich 0,8. Bla. 1,20 dis Unter ‘ehiodo gagnter den Elaosieder von Pisttnazifen und’ Patten taltsfon sar Rein werden. So wurde dia m, Setemorventendin dal fed far dio Mite de Karzren Shite siner Resteckplatte mit vor en _gopanntan Randeen (a = 08), das Yor oder nach Tafel 73 ingot trerden mito, gar nlebtsufgenommen, da eo gogontbor Tail 25 kane Untorchiade aufeeit un res diow vallhomman eretet wid Fea api he tn ao 8 Theo Intoraal free ia to bo dtormined i & pit which does not ‘orrepond with the location of tho rforonco point of the proentd Fnfloence esrace. With some undertanding, one can help himself with the prsentod Inaence wuracs, inal ease to approximate Yaluer which sry vble, ‘To 1. Tho preted inlonee marftoe for rectangular plates with four supported cages havo tho sido rtios bie = 080 and 1.00. Where ‘sn oxchango of tho two axle divetions le not pomibio bane of the rostesint conditions, the side eatio a= 1.20 was considered. alo. If ‘ates are to bo computed with we ration in baewoon three vals, good ‘omits are obtained by Interpolstion of th ovations (or iat, for Via =0., the evaluation rnulls of a= 08 and Sa 1.0), Forside ratio bla < 80 of bla > 120, respectively, tho inwnoe trfaee of ‘te eripe and sem-pato-tips (Charts Ito 25) can be applied without fsusng giant erom, Beosun roc rectangular plates unde partial Jonding — which are tho governing lod potions fr tho design ~ show litle diforance from the lata sep. Hsien, te deviation ix onthe aale ide or rectanguler plats with two opposite fon edge, iniloenes surface of sido ratioe ja = 05 and ba = 0.067 ate prosated. The dtebation (of the longitudinal Sexural moments fr Ua 0.5 approaches that of 1 beam, the teanavom foriral momenta are geting smaller. By con ‘ideation of thin fst, one can alwayn obtain spplosia approximate value, enfem one prefers to apply tho tables by Ousmr and) Rersrs ‘Repeal in this particular eno, I ja > 0.867, tho frees appro thooe (of the semiateip (Chart 22 and 2) othe plato stip (Charen 1 to 10), rompestivly: Tho iflenso asrfaces fr platen with two fro ogee {nthe desig of dab bidgs for which tho sda ratio wi harly fl below Dia = 05 anyhow, "Tho compasion of tho diforent infuenc surface shows that fr wide sation outide the range 08 Uja 5 1.2, the diflorences from the in: {sone murfacn of plate sxpn and vemipltetrpa beoome vory rll "Thorforo, the infloeno surface ofthe meupport moment atthe enter of tho shortor side of «rectangular plate with four rigidly ratraned ‘igor (la ~ 0.8), which would have to be shown ahead orator Chart 73, ‘rat nt inhaled baonie it not dione from Chart 25, ad can Bo roplaced by It entinyee FED line hnwrwg e T Ad 2, Die Statabedingungen der berechnonden Paton stimmen reson nicht exakt mit denon der EinflalderSherin, Die Uaver Schickel doe unterttaion andes vind wohl talnn. gewdhe leit sein, dio Binepennungevectiie der Patenandes sind jooch in dr Rage bwechend vw don Ideafalon des anverdehbren br ‘ia nbeindert verctbaren Randie Da ane nafigenden Grinds na abide Tale barlehigt ‘worn Konnen, ht man boi praktishen Gebrauch der Bnfeder Samchitenn, ob in vorlegoidem Fall die Siutrng dee Pht, dom ‘ison oder dem anderen Tata nberkott und dementaprechnd ds ‘aiende Bindfald sunzvabln. ‘Fr dese Auswahl kann man folgonde Richton annehmen, Be Platten, dio hor ahr Folder dutclaufin, kann fr de ineron Rinder die eaniac eingepaat snd, vlle Eiogrannong angonommen ora! Die ron Rader der Plton slo ssf drber ange omen werden. 1 int swockmAig, io Fel, dic solo AnSherangen an die tat ‘ebllohenVerhtnbs sur Polge haben, Klar 18 Soett tet mat ‘Soon shtich eingespanten Rant durch sine fii dehberen, wo weeds Ain Fldmomanto dar Plato grr, der Fble lng sao bel den Fela ‘momenten auf der icheren Sate, Be int jock au teuecken, dado “inspannungaverhataine dio maxinaln Schatckrife inflge von in det Flatout Konsentiron Lanta ong balan, ie Toler daber ‘io roBe Bodeutang haben. Bt mun einen castich eigenen ‘Rand dorh len vllingerpannten, 9 werden io Feldmomente Mein, dio Sttemament doch rider, Dor Pele bel den Feldnometen ist jetoct in inom Fal eich Kine als bel do Stotzmomenton, man ‘ann als ach he bl esgom Vortndia etre Werte eto. Schiebich kann man fr dl Feld- und Stotemomento mit Hie dr ‘volgeaenElgde immer obre und unter Grower fr dere Randbndingungen ert So lg bipeereie dus Fedor einer late mit inom slutich sngogmnaten Rand erie dem der lato tal fel eulogetdom Rand und dom ela slchon mit fot inept Rand; hlcbor git auch fur di Sttemomeate ‘Scio net noc baht, da man edon Fl er elatacen Ver robert und der shtischen Nacht orth fame kana, int dw vrinpden Rab iw i Ditaihng ‘dw ~ 0 belellgends, oglare Bigeich hinaateg, desc aus den sen Ronlcogongen sas wr Se Bosch Ti Tie tee epplaion WU limes pals —— 3h %o 2 the suport conditions ofthe pts tobe do at ‘oid morte, with how ofthe noe ce, The so {tat the sopperad ge in tomdipacchio mow gen, be a ‘stint onions of th pate ee men dort ote ed Sythe gly rane en fw vole gn Becauso only tho tw ideal cass canbe consider, for obvious reasons, ne has to deci, in the practical epliention ofthe inuence surfaces, ‘the support conditions of tho pat, im the cane coraderd, come rows {to one or the otha ideal cut, and one has eect the sultabl nfsenee srfaceaoeordingy. ‘Ono can adopt the tolling guide lines for thin action, For plates which are continuous ovee several pans, one muy asmume forte interior ‘sas, which ar olatclly reatrann ghd reatait, Th exterior edges (of tho plates shal be anstna fly rohatabe. 1 nef oreeogiee ley the aro essed by wich approximation ‘ss compared tothe actual comitions, If one teplatee an easily te. strained edge by a fely rotatable edge, the spats moment of the flats Incrome;thts, the ero ison tho safe aide for th span momenta. shall be noted, however, thatthe support conditions afbct th maximum Internal foro due to loads concentatod at tho Pate contr very Ile: ‘thos, the error are of lite importnee. Tf one replaces an oliclly restrained edge by «sidgllyrestralaed ego, than the ypen moments ‘ovomlng amar, the support moments, however large, ‘The error for the span moments ia considerably walle thin ca than for Ue epport ‘moments; thus, with somo comprohonsin, one ea obtain applicable ‘ales hee al, Finally, one can always dotormino uppet and lower limite for span snd suppert momenta end for diferent sport conditions by the pe tented infuenoeafacen, For iste, the ean moment af « Pato ith tn lantcally rortrined edo isn betwen the ove a plate with gly apport edge and that of «plate wilh ily retrained ede, ikowse for the euppor: moment Concluding, shall be mentioned that any one of slstc restraint snd late nupprt can be rested theoretically by adding to the prevented {ndvanessrtuo a reglar deflection maroc, bocntae ofthe altered edge ‘condition, whch stiefes the aifrntial equation 41s ~ 0, Howovse, ‘ne wil apply thin eoeetion to tho fnoono surface in rach ean onlad 3 be wien eons de Rae ‘Rifuafelden jotoch nar in slchon Falen vornsbman, in dsnen desch io Bodostang der Autgabe diner Arbitnafmand gorechtfrtit it 'Aa', In der Rage lagen von jodor Patenform Momenteninte- it dom Aofpunkt im Patteanite und, roforn elagerpennta odor ue die quadratische Pate mit vir fi aflogmnden Riser ynd ie mit vier slngeepannten Rundor, dan Plattastrelon sonie fur dio XKrsioplate sad auch do Eileider for die Biagungemorente Im Viertepankt dart, ‘Da dia Toionamomente, Querkrifle und Seitakekte for dio Be- smearang de Platten meatera ich malgebend snd snd far dag Schnit ra nur inige Hina Bflderangepeben, i nabor dam Demonstrations ‘rw och for dio Abahataueg der Gréoordnnng ow Sites ‘Ben annen Bei dor Boresaung dor Patton hat man zu botchten, da in iflae stark konatetrierter, aber wanderader Laston entatebendar, Maxinal Tiomexte sch im ganzon Plattenborich niet sab Sader, ine achele ‘Randsone der Pate ningenontmon. Eat daher dio Aurwertng fr de Plationmitis immer ein guter Hinweis Sue de aderon Puakto dea Bes reichn, Man ann ich davon quantativ Ghersagen, wean man do ‘Tefen 38, 20,90 odor 74,79, 78 for die glichon Laston fn der jowsla nginatigiton Stllng asawertet. Demsach int dae far dio Foldmitto ‘tendo ElnGfold eatatelich sive bauchbare Grundiage fr die Be IBesng ism parson Barvich, Beondere Avfierbaamit staan Plt, ‘ronn Fabranige it gabundense Spur auftatn, woes. B. dle Raspen asuge auf Strlenbrisken sat. Wenn kino der Raspen boi der agebundenan Spar in Foldmitte steht, o it, sofort an nicht do Talla 5, 4,710, 14, 15 benbie, trotedam eine Raupe for dio Aurwertang 4 der Foldmitte aber dem Aufpunkt anronshmon, da man andeteh Falls wobl dan rohtige Moment far do Patent eel, jedoch de ‘sine Fldmoment, dati iow Fall niet im Fldmite, sondern Unter don Reupon onttht, bei der Bomeonung unberichietit Maiben weds, 51 cat ape et ins whee Tm, To 8. Ae & ror sch frm of pee, moment infonse wrfaee serpent with crn i to pase and rand Cr ie ege onan, rch were potted wiht rooms pot fhe ‘igs cantar sn, Tw inner tars sn grr ef fe Sie dterminton ofthe govern intra "For tie rere pit wih ear ily rooted wg, with fou ‘grr dg fh peta ips rm cele Fat, ‘hoch mem 6 the eros omens a the Gusts woe ‘pount of work ix jastied by the importanee of the pro- fare, im goer, not governing in the doign of the ston, only a fet Inlluenoy rorfacs were prosnted for thew internal foree whith may sere in an eatimate of the magetude of thee intemal fers bide: ‘oie atetire prpone. Tn tho dos. 2 Bate, ono has to coir that the maxim mo> ‘monte dv to highly concentra bt morabl land do not change Yr) much forthe tire plat range exept fr «smal nda none of eho plat ‘Thos, tho evaluation forthe plate conor gives always «good spresion tion forthe other points of the range. One ean convince hima ofthis rumeceally, hy evluating the Chats 28, 2,30 or 74, 72,26 forthe loadin the teat unferouable. rapetive postion Therefore, the Iniluenensertc fo the span ceteris etialy'a wash approsimation {or the design of th ene sane. Patou attention i rogue, if ‘vohils In fixed Ino occur, for itance, ch tack veison on rsd ‘beigon fn eas of the Sed ane, none of the track eee a the canter of tha rpan In tho evaluation, one of tho tracks hat be sannad ‘tthe pan eater over the reference pointe ovo applica the Charts 3, 4, 710, 14 18; boca, othonrnn, cow obtains the correct moment ‘of tho plat contr but the maximum pan soment, which in thi cue ‘sears under tho tad snd not atthe span enter, i not conadered i the deign,re ee ee ee ee ee se Asya wee SE Ee eae ea ae cm ran ae "Beet etna) Sa ETO ON aoen ram cgan, = Chace eee Renee ee = Rima Tieden: Mandubtete dee Memento sshifvinklger Pat. ee a rete elrane Bio Anwondang dor ingsnctemmettode, ne Darehnune thos ** 1 Hawaeng-W, Rertas: Krgulaton mit verindeichat Dice, Baton. vod sence septs cwhineih gn” Mba” "gbaenon ag, i a eel ‘om 1 Bonet tings rps ter Fane, Sean stn i i) famtd ede ed ee ‘Momenten-EinfluBfelder Moment influence surfaces Auswertang fr Volbelastung P= const Fraluation Tor anor abit lad p = conta SSE REEEEREEGE: anzegesuasanzeeRa‘ale 1. my nfl for ie Sldevinne Platoon mid suv fre asftioenden Rnlern (8 :feeh) GnareI.mtmer surface forthe vente atrip wi in eeppored ges (8-¢tiney)‘Tae 2. my Hinfapfld fr die Potmite sien Pauetreifone mil eek fret suigenden. Randerm (8f0ch) (Char 2. my fnfaonce safe Jor the err of © paler wih ben suppor wes (Batis)‘Tall 3. meRinfild far dem Vicelunbt ines Platentrone mit sep fe auindon Raita (8 xfck) ‘Chart 3. myaflener surface forthe quaror pint of ple strip wih to mapped es (8 ias)Tafel A my infill far den Virudyants vines Platine mi si fri efigendon ander (8 feck) (Char my lafernce raft forthe quar pint af © platerip with xo mipered edges (Sloman)‘Teel 4, me inflld far dir oldie vines Platewériens mi nam singerpanntn sd vino or aylioenden Rand (4 Jock) “Guart &. mylflonee vars forthe crler of paler with @ reranad nd rapped he (83-imtn)“Tall, my hinfld fer die Fetimite ines Pltosrifone mit tnem sngerpanaten snd tnem frei anogenden Rand (8 fick) “cuare 6 my afoner vera Jor the ener of aesarip ihm rarained and © neyo edge (3Simer)“Tate 1 Kini Jor den Wilt nab de fanfic. Ram cney Prins mit inom ringenin sd sine fe ae ‘eigen Jus) oa e Cars 1 mene fat fre quarter int mart np tei With & rein and apport el (8 sins)“led my Binh for don Viriegumkt mabe som fei ayfloenden Rand cine Pltesriens mit einem on sent nen fo iad a i uognin oe cin ingrpannien be nant 5 ontfrnce sce forth qerlr- pal 00s the sported dye 2f t-te wth a retained and @ eypportad ng (8 time) te 1Pe 9 BinfefrdenViae nbdm ingrapain amd ines trim igpnnen din read (fo hart mc itence sures fo the qr pei nar the rsa igen «pater wih a rsrinnd ano nappa edge (8 timer) teTal ina frre Venta ace ingen in Ptr mine nur ed inertia hart 10, mda surface for the repaint war the crane geo pae-niy wth a retain and «supported edge (8 mtimer)‘Tall Ue ana or dr irr nk iy Maar mi ine fata ok im npn fa cnn Suppentomoment inflarner safe [or te rained olge of paar with # mapped earained ope (8 timex)"atl mein oe Flint dis rani mt dogma Rin (8 fc) Chart 12, me lnurner race fo the cone of plnrstip with restrained ns (8“Tale 12, Hinpubfl for dic Beldmite vines Pleaoifnn wit vert singuennlen Bendern (Ff) (Chae 13, my taarnce nece for th enter of plain with ton rear gee (8 mer)"Tale 1, my Binal far den Viera eines Plaensriens mit vest ingeapannen Rindern (8xfach) (Chart 14, my-infuence surface for the quarter pint of © plaeip veh bao rearained gen (8 simes) aTAG 15, my Kinfoll fur em Vira snes Mateariens mil seri vingespannon aden (8 Jack) (Chars (8, mytaenen face Jor the atria! of glleariy with tn feral eer (timer)Tole 6. my Slatonomen-infaslad Jor den Rand ines Pltculriens minis tngepannten Binder (8 xfock) ‘are nm Suppo monet ifumes tus forsee of 2 Heap wih hee Maren! alps 78 tase}ismeapannu Hand tins aupkragenden Ptontrefons (Sach 9-< 9 < 26, 7 : ip (rane Dc y = 281, Btn sinful far demLt dis Bridie vines asshragevion Platonian (Bench — 18 1< y= = 1b B-xfoch) race wre forthe enter of canilrer plaesrip range ~ 11 y 2+ 131, ¥en) te“Tall Ina, yin far die Pemitevines ‘chart | Plltesrfone (Beech 0-< y-< 261, Sfach) as me laartee sue Jorn ener of oem arp (range D< 9 = 261, dts) Sa . en | ATale 19, Hind far die Peldmite sinew mskragrndes Plaenarefow (Berich — 131 y.< + 13, $xfach) ‘Chace Th me inuence sarfcr forthe coer of @ amitner plattip (range 131 y+ 131, Actin)“Tal 10a, my Binfusfld for die Palimite cies aunrapenden Plaenarifns (Bench 0-< y < 285, Sach) (Chart 19h mytnfeence merce forthe orler of «canner patti (ronge D< 9 = 251, 8times)Pal 20 nH dr rio Rnd dic uanden Pari (Berk — 13-9 < 1, Sud) ep lnfuenet warace fr the free igh of a eater pater (range = JIT y= + 131, 8atimes)at oe, Bil fon ri, ed dis erg Pie (Beh <3, Oh) ‘maka rt fre fs we of ol aay. (reae 2, Sent Bini i Mie de inn ur ir Patra iin mi ef fg Lagrnrn Chars 21 yt ine ree oh cele of te ree ramet esr altri Wit apart pain ges L (actin)“Tale 22. mingled for din Mite de fron Qurranden ster Plaenalarifina mit zuth feb eigenen Lageandérn (8 J0ch) hare 22. mylntesce race forthe err af the fon itmneraevige of & wemi-pae-sip wih ino support lngteinal wipes (8 emer)‘Tael 2. gy Queniral-Binupfelt Jr den Repent ao fren Querrand sins Platebabareiens mitt fei auftegenden Lngironder (nafach, nesiunwcte des Plantes) (Chast 28. gyShrar fore inuencesurace for IR crue poi the fre raneese et 2f 8 semipte-tripwih two meporedloniedinal edges (pasties, pan esth ofthe pitestip)1 4m Stamens es sinpenin Quran cits Patents it nen fl eftgnen ed dom arte aa as fe rome infec ufc fr te yf he aang of 6 en ashi wih uprded retgned a et fr et iad ge (Btane) PS mete —— ohfar Mite dos eingerpanen Querrondes eines Plaenbalbriens mit sei cinprpannn Langertnders Sia) Chas 25, mSupporé-monent inven suse forthe contr of the rananrs alge of vm paesirip with to renrained iompitnat tiga (Bret) ‘Tale 25, Statement inf. Ssinar) ‘Taal 2. minfubleld for din Padme einer Rechuckplae mit ver fret anftagendon Banden (afb = 08, 8foch) (Chart 27. ye lnfuence surfs forthe ene of @ rectangular plate th four qd eget fab‘Tafel 28. my Binfasfeld fur die ner Rackctpiate mit Wier fret auopnden onder (ab =10, Sxfoch) (Chart 28, m-Fnfienc ura for te center of © retengular pate {Sh fou supper ges fib = 10, 8 wsimas)te th Jour supported elgs (ja 10, Beines) Hi iTafel 90, my Bingfeld for den Viera ineTat OL minfupfld far die [Mahe der Bets ener Recctpaie ‘miter rei aufiegndon Randers (a= 10, Sjach) ely (ola =10, S2etimes)riner Rachckpae it einem sigerpannien Rand (a= 08 {Char 32 taftrn rrr fr the eenir of @ rcanpaer yale wih one reamed edge (8 08, Blinn) a afl 2. nino fr ir Pedi oe NLATafel 3. my Hinged far dit Peli vinar Hecctplate mit ei eingrpannion Ral (8a — 0,8, Sfoch) Chart 35. my-Infence jac forthe cenir af @ rectal pte with oe reamed ge (a-~ 08, Stim)afk 30, Sina) ‘Taek 1, mySitlzmoment infused fr din Seiewmite ner Recuckplate mil sinem singapannion Rand (62 (char 34. sy Suppartomament influence arfce forthe wigs ene of = rtonguar late with one osraved wa (Nisaien Band i, Bjack) ‘6 ‘nam Talal 95, me intusyld far die Felimite ener Bohackpat mit (Chast 35. my fnfueneeurface for the cen of rectangular plate ‘Oh ome retain eg (jam 10, Savtiner)Binds far aie Felimite einer Rachie mit ‘nem ingerannion and (iam 1.0, Bfach) Tall 26. my Chast 38. my Ener surface Jor fhe enter ef a ectngular ae ‘wth one rutin edge 10, #tinee)Hi. Hei line ig SA SX \ aptoaimibe ve Heche mit einem eingeapannen Rand (ba = 12. 8 nfach) “forthe center of recap pate mth one retrained edge {Ba ~ 12, 8stimer)12, &xtimes) okie sine Bechtel mit einem singuspannen Rand (bia — 12, 8h) forthe tein of rcangelar at wt Ome veraned ae (2“Tall 60, np alamement-Kiolpfld i dir Sven ioe Mbeya mit sat singerpaten Rand (a ~ 12, Sfck) Chart sop Sappurtmamenl infarc fr the ge contr of 8 rama pale ith one rearaine dpe (ba-— 12, Batimes) js"Tae 41. ma Hinpfld far die Poti vier Recelpate mit seri ther Rob sngeyanaten Rinder (afb ~ 0.8, 8zxfoch) (Chars AL. me epee surfs forthe crater af 1 rrangalar pte eh hao ges ak one corte Peranad (ab = 08, 8 tomes) te - =i =F =eRerhickplae mit sek alor Bk singepnnien Rindren fob 8.8, fark) ‘te with te renal ome corner rea (hid ~= 08, times) Frienpulr =aaf $2 mSltemonenMinuld firdic Seiemmit tner Recketplate it seek er Bch cinerponntn Réndern (alb = 08, & feck) (Chae. mSippertmomen!ifaene sre forthe edge comer of etapa plas wl oad akon over rerana (a/b — 0.8, 8 times) t. zr oo feTait 64. mSllemoment Ringold fur die Svitmite einer Keke lite mil sect wher Bek engertnien Rindern (06 = 0.8, 8 xfock) (Ch 6 upon sume irene forthe gr ner of annul ple wie ge atone orn restrained [ha == DB, 8 mmr) teChart $5. m,Souence susfac Jor ‘retogslar pate so hao alge a ne corner ‘rained (ja = 10, Sines) +s. foe EEL 7‘Tafel 48. Sttenoment Bing $d for ie Sette ier Behe ‘echplate mit swt ther Bek eige. ‘panies Rindern (lu 10, 8 foch) Chat 0, my Support moment in uence wurace forthe wpe cnt fa retanglar plate with fo edges et one corer restrained (Bia = 1.0, Btimes)Ted 42. minal far die Pete incr Rechchlic mid eri groribeagenin,singerpanaten Randira (a.~ 0.8, 8 fac) (Charter. mylene surfer forthe seer of © tenga pate th to Oppone ten wearaned (ofa= 0.8, Betines) ty ooh‘afe s9.mySitemoment infil fr die Selenite incr Rachectplte mit rue gagentbrigenden, cingenpanntn Rader (Ht = 08. 8 fech) Char 4. my Support-momen! influence suo forthe edge coer of = reangular Pe with eo Oppose wigs retain (ala 8, iim)(ie ‘Tae 51, me Binfupfld far aie aime cine set gegenabelonnden, eigen Vzpnnsen Binder 8, Sxfack) a | =i ism so. mmenpasyld Jar ae fm incr Rechte it Chart Bt, my ffionen face for the contr of 8 retangular13, 8xfacd) sve ss moampnsyat Jur ave Feuimide ener Kechleckplate mit zwei gpentheregenden, eingespannien Rindera (Bla ‘Chars mylene urace forthe ener of @ resonular plas wih tao oppose wg rained (ola = 12, 8 ates)nga as my sttzmomea Hino fr de Soli incr Rese las mi ei ggenbrtogenden,singepannten Rander (fa = 12,8 faeh) Chart 8 eSupport ment ifr writer forthe weenie of = rcangatar Hale with heo oppate wigs erated (82 ~ 12, ¥otimes)Tat 56m if Jr ie iit ir Racy mi ne stim, dnpapanin Rnd (= I, Pfc) “a my nencemurfae forthe cele of resanpulr pale ih fap opponte ses rasrined (Bix = t4, Batines)Tafa 27, sy Rinasfld fr die Polite vine Reheat mil saci grgetborogenden, eingeapanten Randern (BJa = Id, nach) (Chast, mlnfuenr marae fr the ener of tran plate who opposite niger rarained (812 = 1.4, Bxiinen)‘Fal toment inf fr die Seni ner Reheat mit ei gegesBereyenden ingeaponnen Randern (8a = 1.5, 8 fach) (Chars 26 woSipportmamont iftarnce snore fr the we comer of © tala plate wh to eppoate ees retrained (Bla — 14, toe)"Tale 50, ane infeld fr die Pole siner HerAetplate mit dri ringrpamnion Randern (bia = 08, 8xfoeh) (Rare St, my nue arf forth cir of & rca plat th thre es vernal (ola = AA. 8 wtesee}“Tat, my Mined far die Pouimiteviner Rechtcplaue mit dee singepannten Binder (Wa = 08, 8 nfach) Chart -infemon sera for The center ef @ tretanular ple withthe ve retained (bla = 0-4, 8 xcs) TT) 7) 7 aTafel I. mp Site Rinaldi die Siew viner Rachie mit drei tinerpannten Randern (8a-~ 0.8, 8 fac nant . m, Sapper mien infoner afar fr Ihe olge toto of mong pate wth te vgs Taeina [bje = 08, 8 ned) fa“Tle 2 my akmoment Rina fr die Srinmmiterner Rachel mit srt engepannlen Rindern (bia = 08, 8 fuck) chart 62m, Spprt amr infunce saree for th rg rnin of a rctanpulr plate wh teers reitich fbja = 8. Actin)af, ih i ill ne He agi ays a ii — te‘Tall 04. my Binfield for Polite tncr‘Talal €5.m_-Sttemoment ings {$i fr die Satomi nr Bek ‘elplate mit det engeepanten ‘Rindern (fa = 10, Be fack) F Chars 68. meSuppor-moment ine ‘uence surface for he ade senter Of © resample plate with thre ges retrained (fa 10, Sines)‘Bandire (ba = 10, Sfach) Tab s6.my Stone Fin afi Saeon ca Bee ‘ekplate mit drt cingeopannen edges retain (Char 60. m,Supportmomon in [uete surfs for the age coer of © reconpulr plate with tes (a= 10, Sxtimes)7 v7 sna paaiie mit ares eangespannien Randern (bla = 1,2, 8 x-fack) (mat Ot, alte sac fo The tote of rectangular pte with thee edges mtrained (sa 1, Srvtonct) 4 teaver sce Jor Uh erie of reampular plate with Ue tgs retrained (ba = 12, 8 met) leh OS. my infebfld fur ie Prbdmite viner Reclckpate mit dre eingenanten Radi (bla = 12, 8fack) Charsnwamncne mssnasjen sur ate Seenmle einer Recletylaie mil drei cingtspannion Randers (Sa = 12, $ xfoch) hart 3h, Supporcmament influence sufi Jor the tlge cater of © retngula plate wild tvee aby mana (ba — 12, betines)‘Tall 1, minded far die eddie vine Rechte mit ser cinguaynnten Randern (bia = 08, 8 mfech) Chas, THe ance mafic for the center of @relanguler plate with four tdgearerined (8a'~ 08, 8 Kiss) 5 | a \ L LVL AR A Nn / A elt TTR ~ “PT | } fees es eatelat 12, mp Rn fr die Pte ier Recuchlae mite nprpmnen Ridin (= 08, 8 fch) (ne tan ur for he le of 8 ean abt wih four grrr (ha 08, tne)‘Talal 13. my SttemomentHinffild fur die Mite der Uingoren Seite einer sit ir singrponnton Riders (ba = 08, 8 ech) Ghar nelieppotmrd eee cf forte en ha lm of arsenal plas Yor ee rari (bs 08 Been)Tail 14 ma Bini for die ! Felimie ener Recheck mit ier eigenen Rien | (bia™ 10, 8 xfach) (Chart 14, my Infence nerfs for he cer of 2 relangular pate (Sh four des retrained (ia 1.0, Bxctimes) [ ~ ee L‘Tall 15. my inusfld for den Viera incr Rechitplate ‘mil vier eingeranaten. Bander (1a ='10, Saxfech) r (hie $10, Stine)‘Tall 16. Bing Jar den Viren vin Rechecbplate nit er singer (a=), Borfoch) hart 1 yes ufc for Se quart in of reat path for gs rained (roi, Sein)Tal m Smomen Bite (Chars 7. my Supportmoment ine [ce rare Jor ee contr OF ream pate hoe ‘etraind (olan 1D, Stine)Tale 78. my, Drilungemoment. Eine ore Femite ine eka miter cage ten Randere (ia=10, Slack) Chart 78. mepTersional moment inuenee arc for the center of ‘rectanpalar plate with Jour eet retrained (ia~1.0, Stine)‘Tale 19. gy Quen Binfield [ir die Felmite vir Bechtck. plate mit oer eingurpanntn Binder (bia = 10, afock, (a= Seiten) { art 18, Sr fore ingunce | sfc fc fo i “pular plate toth four eiges ‘ reprained (fa = 1,2 nations, j = edge length)Tae 0. Suto Bintasls [edie Scan cor occ item ar snap Kite (e~ th copeh, 2 Stig)nei foi aniogenden Raniera (ba = 0.67, 8=fack) ed tas supped edger (la = 87, $time)Tals Mo, mp infgfld foe Ge Feimite cner Rechuekplate mit sue frien wad seek fret floenden Binders (6a Chart Ime tence sf or the center of © restmgular ple with to fer oad top eupporteh cps [3a 087. 82 times pope] 7 = = —L > SdTal ntl re i trie, ae in Bec i ee dren Bade 0 = 086, ch) Chart 8. ay auence aoe forthe center ofthe free ee of rectangle plate wih uo fre and te? ‘edges (Wa = 0087, Botner) | i een | pa | \ i I,Binfield far dom Mitalpnt einer ringers fr sfgendon Krol (8fich) Chast 8. me Tefunce mrfce for (he canter int of = supported tired plate (8 ines) : iington fo ufligenden Kreioplate (8m fh) 4 & 2 i 2 i Chat 88. my fener enue for (he quarter point of mopped fired plate (8 =imes)Talal 90. my Binfield for den Viel ener ring fret fliegenden Kreiplate (Ss fach) Eirtar pate (Satine)i il ut ul h ti in ulerent sinr riage singe spannion Kreteplate (3 3 aoh) ‘Taal 01. my (Chart 1. my Tunes osfae for ‘he uarier pind of 0 reste rela plate (8 sie)(Brjach) infil for dew relent einer rngewn cing ‘annem Keioplate : A vi‘Telel02.m,-Sttnoment-Binfes- Jal Jer nen Rand cnr