Report Template on Supersonic Flow 2

1 SIMULATION SETUP

1.1 GEOMETRY AND MESH

Describe your geometry (360/slices) and your mesh.
The geometry for the following assignment has been provided. The task of the assignment is to run
simulations on the engine intake and the interaction with air. For the simplification of the simulation, a
slice of the engine intake has been taken. The slice is a sector of the whole engine at 1 angle.

Figure 1: Engine Intake geometry.

As it can be seen from the figure above, the aircraft and the air has been represented as two separate
domains. This will provide a realistic view about the interaction between the engine and air. The aircraft
is enclosed within the domain of air.
A coarse mesh has been selected to reduce the computational time and for faster convergence. This will
produce inaccurate results near the interface between the two domains. Also, since the mesh is coarse,
we need not take into consideration the contribution of the boundary layer.
Inflation was provided at the junction between the two domains. This will help to provide realistic
mapping of the boundary layer interactions.
 Figure 2: Mesh.

1.2 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

Describe your boundary conditions in sufficient detail so that someone else could setup the simulation.
The information provided for the task are as given below:
a) Mach number at inlet = 2.3.
b) Air Temperature = 280 K.
Considering that air is mostly a diatomic gas, we can assume the value of the adiabatic constant as 1.4.
Also, we have the specific gas constant for air as 287 J/kg K. Form these values, we can calculate the
inlet velocity of air as shown below.

Speed of sound = m/s = 1.4 287 280 = 335.42 m/s.

Inlet velocity = M x a m/s = 2.3 x 335.42 = 771.46 m/s.

This inlet velocity will be used as one of the inlet boundary conditions.
For this assignment, we have to create two domains air and engine. The larger of the two geometries
created will be assigned to the domain air and the other one will the engine.
i. Domain Air
a. Location B54
b. Domain Type Fluid Domain
c. Fluid 1 Material Continuous Fluid
d. Domain Models Reference Pressure 1 atm
e. Fluid Models Heat Transfer Total Energy
f. Turbulence k-Epsilon
g. Keep the rest of the settings as it is.
ii. Domain Engine
a. Location B18
b. Domain Type Solid Domain
c. Solid1 Material Steel
 d. Solid Models Heat Transfer Thermal Energy
e. Keep the rest of the setting as it is.

Figure 3: The domain setup.

Now, we have created the domains that we required. These domains will carry different boundaries
where we will apply the boundary conditions.
i. Boundary conditions in domain air
a. Inlet
i. Boundary Type Inlet
ii. Location F58.54
iii. Boundary Details:
1. Flow Regime Supersonic
2. Mass and Momentum Cart. Vel. & Pressure
a. Rel. Static Pres. = 0 Pa
b. U = 771.4 m/s
c. V = 0 m/s
d. W = 0 m/s
3. Turbulence Medium
4. Heat Transfer Static Temperature = 280 K
b. Outlet Inside
i. Boundary Type Outlet
ii. Location F63.54
iii. Boundary Details:
1. Flow Regime subsonic
2. Mass and Momentum Average Static Pressure
a. Relative Pressure = 0 Pa
b. Pres. Profile Blend = 0.05
c. Pressure Averaging Average over whole outlet
c. Outlet outside
i. Boundary Type Outlet
ii. Location F59.54
iii. Boundary Details:
1. Flow Regime Subsonic
2. Mass and Momentum Average Static Pressure
a. Relative Pressure 0 Pa
 b. Pres. Profile Blend 0.05
c. Pressure Averaging Average Over Whole Outlet
d. Symmetry1
i. Boundary Type Symmetry
ii. Location F55.54
e. Symmetry2
i. Boundary Type Symmetry
ii. Location F57.54
f. Top
i. Boundary Type Wall
ii. Location F56.54
iii. Boundary Details:
1. Mass and Momentum Free Slip Wall
2. Heat Transfer Adiabatic

ii. Boundary Conditions in domain engine

a. Aircraft
i. Boundary Type Wall
ii. Location F22.18
iii. Boundary Details Heat Transfer Adiabatic
b. Symmetry3
i. Boundary Type Symmetry
ii. Location F19.18, F21.18

iii. Now that we have set the boundary conditions, we have to initialize the values for the analysis.
a. Global Initialization
i. Velocity Type Cartesian
ii. Cartesian Velocity Components
1. Option - Automatic with Value
2. U = 771.4 m/s
3. V = 0 m/s
4. W = 0 m/s
iii. Static Pressure Automatic
iv. Temperature Automatic with Value = 280 K
v. Turbulence Medium
iv. Now, we can setup the solver and the solver control
a. Solver Controls
i. Advection Scheme High Resolution
ii. Turbulence Numerics High Resolution
iii. Convergence Control
1. Min. Iterations = 1
2. Max. Iterations= 2000
iv. Timescale Factor = 1
v. Convergence Criteria
1. Residual Type RMS
2. Residual Target = 1e-05
Figure 4: The final Numerical Setup. The inlet, outlet and the interface between the two domains can be
clearly seen.
2 RESULTS

2.1 SIMULATION RESULTS

Figure 6: Contour plot of pressure in the domains.

Figure 7: Contour plot of Temperature in the domains.

Figure 9: Contour plot of total pressure in the two domains.

Figure 10: Total Pressure vs. Distance along the engine.

 Figure 8: Contour plot of Mach Number in the domains.

2.2 TOTAL PRESSURE LOSS

From the chart obtained from the simulation plots, the maximum and minimum pressure can be
obtained.
Maximum total pressure = 1.16416e+006 Pa
Minimum total pressure = 777236 Pa
Total pressure loss across the engine inlet = 386924 Pa

2.3 ENGINE HULL SHIELDING

Assume that the engine hull is made out of cylindrical composite segments with poor thermal contact.
We will approximate this by assigning a material with 800 J/kgK and an isotropic 1 W/mK.
Furthermore, we assume no heat flow to the back of the engine (adiabatic boundary).
Simulate the highest temperature at the engine structure with perfect contact between the air and the
engine (default interface). 463.292 K
Simulate the highest temperature of the composite if an insulation layer of 3mm of a low conductivity
material (0.1 W/mK) is being added. 422.864 K
For the second part of the assignment engine hull shielding simulation, we have to add an insulation
material poor conducting properties. We need to create a material with the specified properties.
Material Pure Substance
- Thermodynamic State Solid
- Thermodynamic Properties
o Equation of State
Molar Mass = 1.6 kg kmol^-1
Density = 1600 kg/m^3 ( as taken from literature )
Specific Heat Capacity = 800 J/kgK
Transport Properties Thermal Conductivity= 0.1 W/mK
 Figure 5: Material specifications for the insulating material created.

2.4 CONCLUSIONS
Describe what you can learn from the comparison of the two above cases.