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CITATION
Fenty, I., J.K. Willis, A. Khazendar, S. Dinardo, R. Forsberg, I. Fukumori, D. Holland,
M. Jakobsson, D. Moller, J. Morison, A. Mnchow, E. Rignot, M. Schodlok,
A.F. Thompson, K. Tinto, M. Rutherford, and N. Trenholm. 2016. Oceans
Melting Greenland: Early results from NASAs ocean-ice mission in Greenland.
Oceanography 29(4):7283, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.100.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.100
COPYRIGHT
This article has been published in Oceanography, Volume 29, Number 4, a quarterly
journal of The Oceanography Society. Copyright 2016 by The Oceanography Society.
All rights reserved.
USAGE
Permission is granted to copy this article for use in teaching and research.
Republication, systematic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any portion of
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The Oceanography Society, PO Box 1931, Rockville, MD 20849-1931, USA.
By Ian Fenty, Josh K. Willis, Ala Khazendar, Steven Dinardo, Ren Forsberg,
Ichiro Fukumori, David Holland, Martin Jakobsson, Delwyn Moller, James Morison,
Andreas Mnchow, Eric Rignot, Michael Schodlok, Andrew F. Thompson,
Kirsteen Tinto, Matthew Rutherford, and Nicole Trenholm
aa T(C)
T(C) bb
FIGURE 1. (a) Ocean tem-
FSFS perature at 250 m from a
25
25
0
250 250
boundary of Greenlands
Greenl
Gre
1000
70N
70N
Strait (FS), Davis Strait (DS),
y
250
250
250 250
44
EG
25
0 0
100 100
10
10
00
00
250 250
West Greenland Current
22 IC IC
(WGC), Irminger Current (IC),
60NLabrador
60N Labrador Irminger
Irminger Baffin Island Current (BIC),
Sea
Sea Sea
Sea
W
WGC
00 LC LC
1000
1000
3000 3000
1010
cmcm
s1s1
Subpolar
Subpolar
55N
55N
30
30
Gyre
Gyre 2020
cmcm
s1s1
00
00
11
50W
50W 40W
40W 30W
30W 50W
50W 40W
40W 30W
30W
a b
76N
68N
74N
66N
72N
64N
c
80N
70N 62N
Depth(m)
0
500
1,000
78N
1,500
2,000 60N
2,500
3,000 24W 20W 16W
60W 58W 56W 54W 62W 50W 48W 46W 46W 44W 42W 40W 38W 36W 34W 32W
FIGURE3. The sampling strategy for the multibeam sonar ship survey, shown as yellow lines, and airborne gravimetry (AIRGRAV) campaigns, indicated
by green polygons. The multibeam survey in the (a) northwest (7,800 km) occurred in August 2015 while the (b) southeast survey (5,510 km) occurred in
September 2016. Green polygons show AIRGRAV survey regions. Line spacing within the AIRGRAV polygons are generally 4 km offshore, reducing to
2 km closer to the coast. In the (c) northeast sector, no ship survey is possible and the AIRGRAV survey line spacing is 2 km.
76N a b
68N
75N
66N
a' AIRGRAV
trough
74N
64N b'
AIRGRAV
troughs
MBES AIRGRAV
73N trough trough
62N
Depth (m) Free air anom
0 65 (mGal)
500 45
1,000 15
1,500 0
2,000 15
2,500 45
3,000 65
72N
60W 58W 56W 54W 44W 42W 40W 38W 36W 34W 32W
FIGURE4. Free air gravitational anomalies measured by AIRGRAV and bathymetry from multibeam sonar in the (a) northwest and (b) southeast sec-
tors. AIRGRAV anomalies clearly indicate the continuation of a deep trough partially mapped by M/V Cape Race in the northwest (a) and several
deep troughs emanating offshore from fjords in the southeast (b). Location of insets (a) and (b) are marked as dashed boxes in (a) and (b), respec-
tively. Large gradients in gravitational anomalies in the alongshelf direction are mainly due to geological variations of shelf density, which will be
removed during processing.
To Upernavik To Ryders
CTD N1 Isfjord Fjord CTD N12
0
a 100
Ryders Cornell
Fjord Glacier 300
Depth (m)
400
500
600 b
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Atlantic
Water Alongshore Distance North (km)
Cornell Glacier
Upernavik N Glacier
Isfjord Upernavik N
Glacier
100 100
200 200
Depth (m)
0
1,000 CTD N1 300 300
Depth (m)
2,000
0 10 20 30 40 50
3,000 km 400 400
500 500
Temperature (C)
An alternate explanation for the
absence of Atlantic Water modification
in Ryders Fjord is that the volume of sub-
glacial meltwater discharge at Cornell
may be much less than that at Upernavik