4/21/2017 Whyisshearcalculatedatadistancedandd/2inthecaseoffooting?

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Why is shear calculated at a distance d and d/2 in the RelatedQuestions

case of footing? Whyisthetwowayshearinconcretefoundations

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5Answers Whydowedesignfootingslabsonthebasisofdepth
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Rakshita Nagayach, Civil Engineer at Municipal Corporation Indore, HowdoIcalculateshearforce?

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WrittenDec2,2014 HowdoIcalculatepunchingshearinflatslab?

Case I : One way Shear

HowdoIcalculatethebendingmoment,shearforce
andaxialforceonashearwallofabuildingdueto
In this case, the dispersion angle of load is 45 as shown. According to IS 456:2000, deadload+liveload,andearthquake...

'the critical section for this condition shall be assumed as a vertical section located Forthesteelbeamshowncalculatethefollowing
from the face of the column,pedestal or wall at a distance equal to the eective depth ForceactingonpointAandcalculatedistance"d"?
(d) of footing for footings on piles.'
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zeroshearinanoverhangingandsimplysupported
beamrespectively?

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X-X is the Critical Section.

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Case II: Two way Shear

If footing depth is less, the column may punch through the footing. For this tendency,
IS 456:2000 recommends that critical section is at a distance d/2 from the column
face.

Hope this helps! Sorry for the low quality pictures.

Thanks for the A2A Devendra Sahu.

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Saket Kumar, Master/Bachelor in Structures

UpdatedDec10,2014

I agree with other answers for one way shear critical section. It depends upon the
shear ow angle in concrete. To take the dispersion angle to be 45 degree is a coarse
assumption and to be precise it depends upon the strength of concrete and bearing
pressure below footing. You can refer to Cl 34.1.3 pg 64 IS456:2000 which mentions
this angle as . Usually the value of varies in range of 45 to 55 degrees for footings.

Also it mentions that this shear ow angle is true for plain concrete; so why should we Vijay,discovermoreuniqueinsightson
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apply it to reinforced footings? This is because footings are not meant to be resisting Quora.
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footing in such a way that shear can be resisted solely by concrete.
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4/21/2017 Whyisshearcalculatedatadistancedandd/2inthecaseoffooting?Quora
For one way shear: for footings resting on soil, critical section is at d from face of the 1
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column/pedestal and for footings resting on piles this distance is d/2.

For two way shear: the critical perimeter can be understood better by considering the
whole footing as an inverted at slab with pressure load being same as bearing
pressure. Refer Cl 31.6 IS456:2000. Moreover, in two way action it is not like that
theoretically a critical section exist at precise location of distance d/2 from face of
column. It is just that it has been veried experimentally and has been found to be
yielding safe results of footing design. If you look at the British code this value is not
d/2 but is d instead, but again the specied allowable value of shear stress is lesser.

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Lax Supr, beginner civil structures

UpdatedMar1,2016

I feel i can add a little more regarding two-way shear to Saket Kumar's answer.
Assuming it to behave like a at slab where punching shear occurs at a load well
below the exural capacity of the slab, which is due to the concentration of shear
forces and the unbalanced bending and twisting moments. The behaviour of column-
slab connection and shear transfer mechanism are complex and this problem has
been studied by a number of researchers over the world because of many major
failures.Tests have shown that the column punches through the slab along a
truncated cone caused by diagonal cracking at an angle 25-50 deg

The critical section section is taken at dierent distances according to dierent

codes(0.5d for IS,ACI codes , 1.5d for BS,Euro etc) but the corresponding punching
shear strength also varies.For example in euro codes the strength is proportional to
cube root of concrete strength(f) and in IS and ACI its squareroot(f). Of course this
strength also depends on other factors like reinforcement,slab depth etc. IS codes
follow ACI in this regard and there is no provision for reinforcement and size eect
parameters resulting in a more conservative approach, comparing with test results.

For more info you can refer 'Two-Way Shear Strength of Slab-Column Connections:
Reexamination of ACI 318 Provisions By Widianto,Bayrak, Oguzhan,Jirsa' ACI
Structural journal 2009
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Harsh Joshi, Structural Designer

WrittenDec1,2014

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What I think the logic behind "d" distance for one way shear in footing is that the
shear failure will occur at 45 degree angle with the horizontal as well as vertical face
of the footing. So if we assume that the crack starts from the C.G. of the reinforcement
bars reaching the topmost bre of the footing under compression, the distance on the
vertical face (d) = the distance on the horizontal face. (Because adjacent angles are
equivalent).
Similarly you can gure out the concept of "d/2" in case of Two Way Shear.

Hope so it was helpful to you. Good Luck.

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