THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

HEAT TRANSFER
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
The thermal conductivity of a material describes
how well the material conducts heat
 TRANSFER OF HEAT.
CONDUCTION.
The rate of heat transfer (Q/t) via
conduction depends on

The temperature difference DT

The cross section area A

Q TH - TC
The length of the conductor l H= =kA
t L
The properties of the material
Thermal Conductivity
 Large values of k (200 - 400
J/(s m C) occur for good heat
conductors.

Poor conductors have small

values of k (0.01 - 1 J/(s m C).

Q TH - TC
H= =kA
t L
 A cabin has a 0.159-m thick wooden floor [k = 0.141
W/(m C)] with an area of 13.4 m2. A roaring fire
keeps the interior of the cabin at a comfortable 18.0
C while the air temperature in the crawl space
below the cabin is 20.6 C. What is the rate of heat
conduction through the wooden floor?
(A) 31 W
(B) 214 W

(C) 459 W

(D) 138 W

(E) 245 W
 In an experiment to determine the thermal
Conductivity of a bar of a new alloy, one end of the bar
is maintained at 0.0 C and the other end at 100.0 C.
The bar has a cross-sectional area of 1.0 cm2 and a
length of 15 cm. If the rate of heat conduction through
the bar is 24 W, what is the thermal conductivity of
the bar?
(A) 24 W/(m C)
(B) 160 W/(m C)

(C) 0.029 W/(m C)

(D) 360 W/(m C)

(E) 3.6 W/(m C)

LINEAR EXPANSION
HEAT TRANSFER
LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION

NORMAL SOLIDS
LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION

DL Lo
COLD WATER
Most substances expand uniformly with temperature.

Water does not follow the pattern.

Below 4 C water expands as it cools
Very cold water stays on top
Ice is even less dense
LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION
LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION OF A SOLID

The length of an object changes when its temperature changes:

DL Lo DT

coefficient of
linear expansion

Common Unit for the Coefficient of Linear Expansion:

1
C
C
1
THERMAL EXPANSION (A[/C0])
Aluminium, = 2.4x10-5 1/C0
Steel, = 1.2x10-5 1/C0

Glass, 5 x10-6 1/C0

DL
Invar, 9 x10-7 1/C0

Quartz, 4 x10-7 1/C0

DL Lo DT
LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION
HEAT
EXPANSION & CONTRACTION

What changes in
dimensions occur when
heat is extracted or
added to a system ?

15
EXPANSION IN SOLIDS
This means that we sometimes have to take into
account expansion
EXPANSION IN SOLIDS
This means that we sometimes have to take into
account expansion
18
 DL LDT
The coefficient is the coefficient of linear expansion.
L is the original length of the solid
T is the change in temperature
L is the change in length
A Brass strip is 3 cm long at 0 C. How long will it be at
100 C if the coefficient of linear expansion for Brass is
19 x 10 -6(1/ C)

L = ()(L)(t) = (19 x 10 -6)(0.03 m)(100 C)=

0.000057 m

Lf = L + L = 0.000057 m + 0.03 m =
3.0057 cm
SEASONAL CHANGES
The steel bed of a Use linear expansion.
suspension bridge is 200 m Solve for DL = L0 DT.
long at 20 C.
what contraction and
expansion is possible?

If the temperature goes to First in winter,

-30 C during winter (12 x 10-6 C-1)(200 m)(-50 C)
DL = -0.12 m

If the temperature goes to

Then in summer,
+40 C during summer
(12 x 10-6 C-1)(200 m)(20 C)
DL = 0.048 m