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Modal Analysis
ANSYS Mechanical
Dynamics
mode 2
{f}2
f2 = 202 Hz
mode 3
{f}3
f3 = 249 Hz
There is no damping.
Damped eigensolvers (MODOPT,DAMP or MODOPT,QRDAMP) may be
accessed using Commands Objects, but will not be covered here.
M u C u K u F
Assume free vibrations, and ignore damping:
0 0
M u C u K u F
M u K u 0
Assume harmonic motion:
u f i sin i t i
u i f i cosi t i
u i2 f i sin i t i
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2-7 July 2009
2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory #002666
Theory
Development Training Manual
M u K u 0
i2 M f i sin i t i K f i sin i t i 0
i2 M K fi 0
det K i2 M 0
This is an eigenvalue problem which may be solved for up to n
eigenvalues, i2, and n eigenvectors, fi, where n is the number of
DOF.
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2-8 July 2009
2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory #002666
Theory
Extraction & Normalization Training Manual
det K M 0
i
2
f M fi 1
T
i
The equation
i
2
det K M 0
can be solved using one of two solvers available in Workbench
Mechanical:
Direct (Block Lanczos)
To find many modes (about 40+) of large models.
Performs well when the model consists of shells or a combination of shells
and solids.
Uses the Lanczos algorithm where the Lanczos recursion is performed with a
block of vectors. Uses the sparse matrix solver.
i f Ti M D
where {D} is an assumed unit displacement spectrum in each of the global
Cartesian directions and rotation about each of these axes.
This measures the amount of mass moving in each direction for each mode.
The Ratio is simply another list of participation factors, normalized to the largest.
The concept of participation factors will be important in later chapters.
A high value in a direction indicates that the mode will be excited by forces in
that direction.
mode 1 mode 3 mode 5
i2
M eff ,i , if f M f i 1
2 T
f M f i
T
i
i i
Ideally, the sum of the effective masses in each direction should equal total
mass of structure, but will depend on the number of modes extracted.
The ratio of effective mass to total mass can be useful for determining
whether or not a sufficient number of modes have been extracted.
K u F s
Based on the stress state [s] from the static analysis, a stress stiffness
matrix [S] is calculated (see Theory Reference for details):
s S
The free vibration with pre-stress analysis is then solved, including the [S]
term:
K S M f 0
i
2
i
Note that the prestress only affects the stiffness of the system.
i.e. the static prestress will not be added to the modal stress
rigid-body
or
zero modes
The full model below results in the frequencies listed in the tabular view.
A quarter-symmetry model will require three sets of symmetry boundary
conditions to find all modes (see next slide)...
Symm-Asym BC
Full Model
Symmetry BC
etc
Anti-Symmetry BC
Modal
Create new geometry, or link to Edit the Model cell to bring up the
existing geometry. Mechanical application.
If stress/strain were requested, these results may also be access from the
Solution Toolbar.
Prestressed Modal
In the Static Structural system, insert the loads and supports that will cause
the prestressed-state to occur.
Workbench will automatically setup To verify the data transfer, one can
the data transfer between the ensure that
systems. Future Analysis is set to
Prestressed analysis in the Static
Structural system
Pre-Stress Environment is set to
Static Structural in the Modal
system
Note that the prestressed state increased the frequencies of this structure.
e.g. the first mode in this example increased from 108.3 Hz to 274.6 Hz