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Biomass to Fuel the Future
Today we see many compelling environmental
and economic reasons to use biomass as a power
generation fuel.
Combusting biomass feedstock to create electricity does
not contribute to global warming and helps avoid the
release of other harmful emissions. Also, viable fuels are
produced in many industries with no additional process-
ing costs involved, further strengthening the financial
feasibility of new plants on favorable sites. Additionally,
many countries have established subsidies to make bio-
mass based power generation economically viable. The
possibility of firing a biomass plant on diverse feedstocks
is an additional support for project economics and ensures
security of fuel supply. As we are striving to move to a
low-carbon economy, biomass energy for both industry
and electricity generators will become an increasingly
important and sustainable source of baseload power. Feedstock characteristics are also used to determine which
type of boiler is the most appropriate for a biomass plant.
Although most biomass generation uses well-known tech-
While stokers and fluidized bed boilers can be used for
nology, many breakthroughs in both the energy transfer
similar applications across industries, recovery boilers are
and delivery of feedstock are on the horizon. Coupled
used to both generate steam and to recycle chemical fac-
with new climate regulations and increasing fossil fuel
tory inputs, especially in forest products industries, the
prices, industry and electricity generators are increasingly
pulp and paper industry uses special recovery boilers to
seeking the benefits of building new biomass capacity.
combust the organic residues resulting from the process
Engaging experienced equipment manufacturers is an
of wood pulping, and to both generate process steam and
important step toward commissioning a new biomass
electricity.
plant. Over the long term, having a partner with an
installed biomass base of over 3.5GW can only improve Whichever combustion technology is used in your
the success of your biomass development strategy. biomass plant, a Siemens steam turbine will ensure
high plant performance. These flexible machines can
Biomass Combustion Technology even optimize electric output in plants which have
steam parameters affected by inconsistent feedstock
The two most common technologies used to combust
moisture content. This is possible by integrating
biomass are stoker boilers and fluidized bed combustion
industry-leading steam cycle technology.
boilers. Depending on how the biomass is pre-treated
before combustion, one or another type of boiler may
be more appropriate to ensure consistent steam parame-
ters, the most efficient use of factory inputs, and environ-
mental compliance.
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Steam Turbines for Biomass Plants
The Siemens steam turbine portfolio is characterized by
efficiency and durability. Turbine generator sets have been
deployed in almost 100 biomass-fueled plants in the past
decade with an outstanding record of applicability and
reliability.
Siemens can also supply your steam turbine with auxiliary
equipment such as generator, a condenser system, moni-
toring and control systems and power transmission
equipment.
Stevens Croft
Lockerbie, Scotland
As one of the UKs largest biomass-fueled power
stations, Stevens Croft powers 70,000 homes while
displacing 140,000 tons of C02 per year. It also sustains
up to 300 jobs in the regional economy. Stevens Croft
is considered a milestone in biomass power plant devel-
opment and has acted as an example of system
efficiency.
Steam turbine: SST-800
Power output: 50.3 MW
Inlet pressure: 137 bar/1,987 psi
Inlet temperature: 535 C/995 F
Fuel: Green & waste wood
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Reheat Improves Efficiency
Integrating a steam reheat system into a biomass plant
is one of the best ways to increase overall plant perfor-
mance. With the Siemens reheat turbine package, live
steam is run through a high pressure (HP) turbine, sent
back to the steam generator to increase steam tempera-
ture, then run through a low pressure (LP) turbine. Raising
the temperature of steam that is going from a high to a
low pressure turbine allows for greater output using the
same amount of fuel. Geared single-casing reheat solu-
tions up to 60 MW are also available in the Siemens
portfolio.
Super-
heater
Reheat steam
Reheater
Water or
air cooled
condenser
Evaporator
Deaerator Pump
Low pressure
preheater
Pump
Feedwater
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Environmental Benefits
Combined Heat and Power CO2 and Emissions Reduction
Combined heat and power generation, also known Biomass generation is known to be a carbon-neutral
as cogeneration, is used for many different purposes. power source and is being adopted as an important
Harnessing heat created by power generation increases alternative to fossil fuel baseload generation. Using a
plant outputs, reduces fuel consumption, and creates highly efficient Siemens turbine can create additional
another valuable commodity which can improve plant long-term environmental advantages for industries and
economics. Whatever the application of a cogeneration electricity generators seeking to further decrease their
system might be, efficientconversion of waste heat carbon and emissions footprints. Less fuel consumption
into acommercial resource is a critical necessity. All over a plants lifetime due to industry-leading efficiency
Siemens turbines can employ extractions, bleeds, and results in significant cost savings and fewer system
other features to meet the customer specifications. pollutants, compared to less efficient machines. This
is especially true if the biomass system incorporates
a Siemens reheat steam turbine or is deployed in a
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) application.
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Biomass plants at Industrial Facilities
Biomass is a common on-site energy source for industries Siemens has a comprehensive range of experience
which produce a usable feedstock as waste during factory increating solutions for biomass industrial power
operations. Installing a biomass power plant to burn this applications. Siemens steam turbines can be found
waste is the best solution for closing the factory input in facilities on every continent and across industrial
cycle while cutting energy costs and maintaining high sectors. Our engineering and sales teams are expert
power availability. Waste biomass is an efficient fuel and at optimizing turbine packages for highly specific
isusually characterized by naturally low emissions. Using andcomplex processes.
a highly efficient turbine may also result in increased
operational savings as punitive environmental and green-
house gas policies become more prevalent at both the
national and international levels.
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Dedicated Biomass Power Stations
The location of a biomass plant used for electricity produc- Because of decades of experience supplying, building,
tion is usually dependent on the regional availability of and servicing equipment in biomass plants, Siemens
feedstock. The size of dedicated biomass power stations is steam turbines and turbosets are exceptionally well-
also often driven by local biomass availability. Transport suited for pure power generation. With high efficien-
costs of the usually bulky fuel play a major role in the cies and minimal outages, Siemens machines maxi-
plants economics. Rail and especially water shipping has mize electric MWh generated. With a leading efficiency
reduced transport costs significantly, which has led to the profile, a Siemens turbine further reduces a plants life-
development of a global biomass market. As the market time emissions footprint while delivering superior effi-
for commoditized biomass fuels expands, so will the expan- ciency gains. These advantages and more positively
sion of centralized biomass electricity production fleets. impact plant financeability.
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District Heating and Cooling
District heating and cooling using a cogeneration system Whether a cogeneration application is for a district
is one of the most efficient applications of a biomass energy system, a heating or cooling system, or any
plant. Usually a plant generates thermal energy at a other application, Siemens expertise ensures that your
centralized location and distributes steam to a larger project will maintain optimal performance in markets
number of buildings for space and water heating. District with demand fluctuation. Any Siemens steam turbine
heating plants can provide higher efficiencies and better can also feature extraction customization as required.
pollution control than stand-alone solutions. The process The Siemens engineering staff is expert at designing
is normally governed by the total heat load and electrical turbines which can maximize output and plant value
energy is supplied as an additional benefit. for seasonal load and demand variations.
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Gas Turbines for Biomass Plants
Digester Systems Siemens flexible gas and steam turbines can be used to
add value to both landfill gas and digestable feedstock
Digester systems are used mostly at facilities which have assets. A Siemens gas turbine can use biomass-derived
access to large amounts of feedstock that emits methane fuels to create power at maximum efficiencies. All gas tur-
as part of its decomposition. One unique feature of this bines can come equipped with a dry-low emission com-
type of gaseous biomass is that it can be used both for bustion system which operates in a wide variety of load
steam-generation and as a fuel for gas turbines. This flexi- ranges and fuels.
bility makes building digester systems very attractive for
many food and beverage, agricultural, and municipal solid Experience in landfill gas and digestion-based power
waste process facilities. generation using both gas and steam turbines, individ-
ually or as a combined cycle, makes Siemens an ideal
Landfill Gas-Fueled Gas Turbines partner for this unique technology. For more informa-
tion on Siemens gas turbines, please visit our website
Landfill gas-fueled gas turbines are usually located at www.siemens.com/energy/gasturbines.
existing landfills or in close proximity to facilities which
process waste. At existing landfills, naturally occuring
methane is collected through a piping system, cleaned,
and then routed to a combustion turbine to generate
power. Because society will always generate waste,
landfill gas is considered a renewable energy source and
is often e
ligible for government incentive programs.
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Process Control in Biomass Plants
The economic viability of biomass plants depends on the The use of TIA and TIP provides the full range of control
degree of process efficiency in biofuels production as and diagnostic options from the field level to the produc-
well as biomass for biochemical products and heat and tion control level up to the management level because
power generation. For economic, safe and sustainable all field devices, automation and drive components are
operation in biomass plants we offer the right products, monitored. Mechanical components such as motors,
solutions and services for the integration of automation pumps, valves, or heat exchangers are also supervised.
and electrical infrastructure. Plant monitoring can be performed locally, decentralized,
or via remote services - various options for increasing
With Totally Integrated Automation (TIA) and Totally
productivity and reducing TCO considerably.
Integrated Power (TIP) Siemens is the only provider
of a comprehensive range of products and systems for Modular DCS, SCADA, and MES solutions are part of our
the automation and the energy management of offer with different graphical configuration tools either
biomass plants. integrated directly in SIMATIC PCS 7 or using WinCC flexible.
This enables the efficient parameterisation of field devices
Numerous aspects have to be considered for the planning
and set-up of electrical components. The benefits of an
and implementation of automation, control, drive, instru-
automation and visualization system are to handle the
mentation and electrical system components for biomass
measurements and clearly visualize these process values.
plants. The requirements depend on the plant type and
That includes messages, alarms, trend analyses and
size, the used feedstock, the production process itself and
reports for preventive or condition-based maintenance
the further processing, e.g. raw biogas mostly used for
as well as the integration of third party equipment and
combustion in combined heat and power plants. Also local
package units such as compressors, gasifiers, safety and
requirements in terms of layout and design as well as
energy management concepts.
compliance with governmental regulations are important.
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Siemens offers a broad portfolio of medium- and low- In combination with the integrated plant asset manage-
voltage components including power monitoring. ment functionalities and energy management it helps
Connecting them to the process control system, the to improve plant availability and to reduce energy
worlds largest installed fieldbus PROFIBUS, provides consumption.
universal integration in the electrical infrastructure
The best way to ensure highest plant availability and
and in communications.
efficiency is to keep track of all relevant processes
Central engineering, operation and monitoring of field at all times and to manage the plant as a whole. To
technology, of smart motor-control centers, drives and ensure just this, we provide so-called MAV concepts
switchgears with one system facilitates power measuring over the entire lifecycle as well as efficient and user-
and provides transparancy for production and electrical friendly systems for plant operation and monitoring.
processes thanks to an integrated view.
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Siemens Components for Biomass Power Plants
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Siemens industrial steam turbines
The complete product portfolio
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
SGT-100 5
SGT-200 7
SGT-300 8
50 Hz SGT-400 13/15
or SGT-500 19
60 Hz
SGT-600 25
SGT-700 31
SGT-750 36
SGT-800 47/50
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Published by and copyright 2014:
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Energy Sector
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91058 Erlangen, Germany
Siemens AG
Energy Sector
Oil & Gas Division
Wolfgang-Reuter-Platz
47053 Duisburg, Germany
Siemens AG
Lutherstrasse 51
02826 Goerlitz, Germany
Siemens Turbomachinery Equipment GmbH
Heheimer Strae 2
67227 Frankenthal (Pfalz), Germany
Siemens Energy Inc.
10730 Telge Road
Houston, Texas 77095, USA
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Subject to change without prior notice. The information in this
document contains general descriptions of the technical options
available, which may not apply in all cases. The required technical
options should therefore be specified in the contact.