Mr PRAMOD KUMAR SHRIVASTAVA

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO-1 BHOPAL

MAGNETISM & MATTER

REMEMBER ME :
Coulombs law in magnetism :-
1 2
F= , 0 = absolute permeability of free space
m1 m2 = strength of magnetic poles.
= 10-7 wb A-1 m-1
Magnetic dipole :- An arrangement of two unlike poles of equal strength
separated by a finite distances called a magnetic dipole.

Magnetic dipole moment :- The product of the strength of anyone pole

and magnetic length.

= L ; S .I. unit ampere meter2 (Am2)

Magnetic dipole moment of the current loop :-

M=NIA, N= Number of turns, I= Current, A=Cross section area.

Magnetic moment product due to motion of electron :-

M = IA = or M= or M= , using (v=wr)
-
M= , using (L=mevr), Also (angular momentum of e ) =

M=n(

Magnetic field :- The space around a bar magnet, in which the magnetic force
can be experienced.
SI unit tesla (T) = NA-1 m-1
Another unit gauss (G) = 10-4 tesla

Magnetic field due to a bar magnet:-

 2Mr
i. On axial line B=
(r l 2 ) 2
2

B= , when r>>l.
M
ii. On equatorial line B=
(r l 2 ) 3 / 2
2

B= , when r>> l.
iii. At any Point (1+3Cos2 )1/2

On axial Line = 00 on equitorial line = 900

Torque on a bar magnet in a magnetic field

Torque .

Potential energy of a bar magnet placed in a magnetic field

U = MB (cos 1 cos 2)
0
If 1= 90 (magnet is perpendicular to the direction of MF) &

2= : -

Magnetic Intensity (H)

; B0= Magnetic filed in vacuum.

= Absolute permeability of vacuum.
Unit of H :- Am-1 = Nm-2 T-1=Nwb-1=Jm-3T-1=Jm-1 wb-1

Intensity of magnetization ( ) The magnetic moment induced per unit volume

of the substance is intensity of magnetization.

; Unit = Am-1
[Using
; A = area of cross section of magnet.
m = pole strength.

Magnetic flux ( ) Number of magnetic field lines passing normally through

the surface.

SI unit = weber (Wb)
Magnetic susceptibility ( m ) it is the ratio of intensity of magnetization to the
magnetic intensity m unit unit less quantity.

Magnetic Permeability ( ) ratio of magnetic induction to the magnetic

intensity
 SI unit Tm A-1
Relative magnetic permeability -
Some important relations amongst

i.
ii. ( m)
iii. ( m)
iv. ( m )

Magnetic Hysteresis loop, B-H or I-H

curve.
i. B always lags behind H, this
property is called magnetic
hysteresis.
ii. The Curve drawn between B and
H or I and H is called B-H or B-I
curve. It is always a closed curve
for one complete cycle of
magnetization and
demagnetization.
iii. Area bound by the hysteresis
loop = hysteresis loss/cycle per volume.
iv. Retentivity The value of I, when magnetizing field is reduced to zero.
v. Corecivity the value of reverse magnetizing field, so as to reduce the
residual magnetism to zero.
vi. Hysteresis is shown by only ferromagnetic substances.

Types of magnetic materials

i. Diamagnetic material
ii. Paramagnetic material
iii. ferromagnetic material

Curies law and curie temperature

i. Curie temperature The temperature at or above which the
ferromagnetic material behaves like a paramagnetic material.
ii. Curies law Magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic substance
varies inversely with its absolute temperature.
M M
Terrestrial magnetism It deals with the magnetic field of the earth. It is
described in terms of three quantities, which are called magnetic elements of
earth. These quantities are :-
i. Magnetic
declination ( ) Angle between the geographic meridian and the
magnetic meridian.
ii. Magnetic inclination or dip ( ) Angle made by the direction of the
earths total magnetic field with the horizontal direction.
iii. Horizontal component (BH) It is the component of earths total
magnetic field along the horizontal direction.

Ans:- Examples of Diamagnetic materials are:- Bismuth, Copper,
Diamond, and Gold.