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Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set

- Page 10

Q.45. A population increases from its initial level of 7.3 million at the continuous rate of 2.2% per
year. Find a formula for the population P(t) as a function of the year t. When does the population
reach 10 million?
A. P(t) = 7.3e0.022t, 14.3 years

Q.46. For what values of x in the domain of definition is each of the following functions
continuous.
x
(a) f ( x ) = 2 A. all x except x=1
x 1
1
(b) f ( x ) = 4 A. all x>-10
10 + x
1

( x 3 )2
(c) f ( x ) = 10 A. all x 3
1 2
(x 3 ) , x 3
(d) f ( x ) = 10 A. all x
0, x =3
x x
,x < 0
(e) f ( x ) = x A. all x0
2, x = 0

Q.47.Determine whether or not the given limit exists. Evaluate those that exist:
(a) lim (2 x + 5) A.-1
x 3

(b) lim 6 A.6

x 2

(
(c) lim 2x 2 10 x
x 7
) A.28
(d) lim (2 x + 3) x 2 1
x 4
( ) A.-75
x2
(e) lim A.-2
x 0 x 2 + 1

x+4
(f) lim 2 A. does not exist
x 3 x 9

x4
(g) lim 2 A.1/7
x 4 x x 12

x2 + x
(h) lim 2 A.1/2
x 1 x 1

x3
(i) lim 2 A. does not exist
x 3x + 1

4x 5 3x + 2
(j) lim A.4/9
x 9 x 5 7 x 2

x3 7x + 4
(k) lim 4 A.0
x 9x + 6x 2 2

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 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 11

Q.48. Find the derivative of each function:

(a) f(x)= x4 A. 4x3
1
(b) f(x)= x A.
2 x
2
(c) f(x)=4x -3x+2 A.8x-3
12 4 4
(d) h(x)= 63 x 2 3 A. 3 + 4
x x
x3
(
(e) f ( x ) = x 3 x 2 x )
A. 5x 4 4 x 3
2
2x 4x
(f) f ( x ) = A.
x2 + 1 (x
+1 2
) 2

12 x + 1500 1500
(g) f ( x ) = A.
x x2
4x 3 9x 2
(h) f ( x ) = x 4 3x 3 4 A.
2 x 4 3x 3 4
3
1 6x
(i) f ( x ) = 2 A.
x +1 (x 2
+1 )
4

4
x 4x 3
(j) f ( x ) = A.
x +1 (x + 1)5
(k) f ( x ) = x ln x
2x
(l) f ( x ) = ln(x 2 + 1) A.
x2 +1
(m) f ( x ) = ln x 4 1( )
3 12 x 3
A. 4
x 1
+1
(n) f ( x ) = e x A. 4 x 3e x +1
4 4

(
(o) f ( x ) = ln 1 + e x ) A.
ex
1 + ex
(p) f ( x ) = 2x A. (ln 2 )2 x
(q) f ( x ) = 53 x +1
A. 6(ln 5)x53 x +1
2 2

1
(r) f ( x ) = log 5 x A.
(ln 5)x
(s) f ( x ) = log 2 x 3 + 1 ( ) A.
3x 2
(ln 2) x 3 + 1 ( )
Q.49.Find the indicated derivative:
df
(a) or f (5) for f(x)=2 A.0
dx x = 5
2
(b) g(8) for g(w)=12 w 3 A.4
1
(c) h(1) for h(t) = t 4 + 2 t A.-1
t
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Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 12

Q.50.Use implicit differentiation to determine y if y is defined implicitly by the following

equations:
y+5
(a) y 2 5x = xy A. y =
2y x
(b) 4 y3 y 5x 2 = 3x
(c) ln (2x + y ) = x 3
12 x 2 + 4 y
(d) y3 = 4x 3 + 4 xy A. y =
3y 2 4 x
ey 6 xy
(e) = 3y A. y =
x2 e 3x 2
y

Q.51.For each function, find all the critical values:

(a) f ( x ) = x 3 48x A.4,-4
(b) f ( x ) = x + 4 x 8x + 1
4 3 2
A.0,-4,1
(c) f ( x ) = (2 x 6 )
4
A.3
(
(d) g( x ) = x 2 + 2x 3 ) 2
A.-3,-1,1

Q.52. Find the critical points of the functions and determine whether maximum or minimum exists
at those critical points:
(a) f ( x ) = x 4 + 4 x 3 8x 2 + 64 A.-4(min),0(max),1(min)
(b) f ( x ) = x + 4x 4 x + 1
4 3 2
A.0(max),1(min),2(max)
(c) f ( x ) = 3x 8x + 6 x
4 3 2
A.0(min),1(neither min/max)
(d) f ( x ) = (x 1)
6
A.1(min)
(e) f ( x ) = (x + 1)
3
A.-1 (neither min/max)
(
(f) f ( x ) = x 2 4 ) 2
A. 2(min),0(max),2(min)
(g) f ( x ) = (x )2
+ 2x 3
2
A.-3(min),-1(max),1(min)
(h) f ( x ) = x 2 (x 3) A. 0(min),2(max)
(i) f ( x ) = x 2 (x 4 )
2
A.0(min),2(max),4(min)
(j) f ( x ) = x (x 5)
2 3
A.0(max),2(min),5(neither min/max)

Q.53.For each function, determine the first and second derivatives and find the extreme points (EP)
(and determine whether maximum or minimum exists at those critical points) and inflection points
(IP) (along with concavity change pattern):
(a) f ( x ) = x 3 + 3x 2 9x + 5 A. EP:-3(max),1(min),IP:-1(con dnup)
(b) f ( x ) = x 3 6 x 2 + 9 x + 24 A.EP: 1(max),3(min), IP:2(con dnup)
(c) f ( x ) = x 3 3x 2 + 3x + 4 A.EP: 1(neither max/min), IP:1(con dnup)
(d) f ( x ) = x 4 8x 3 + 18x 2 + 2 A.EP: 0(min), 3(neither max/min), IP:1 (con updn),3(con dnup)
(e) f ( x ) = x 4 + 4 x 3 + 15 A.EP: -3(min),0(neither max/min), IP:-2(con updn), 0(con dnup)
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Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
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(f) f ( x ) = 5x 4 x 5 A.EP: 0(min),4(max), IP:3(con updn)

(g) f ( x ) = (x 1) + 1
3
A.EP: 1(neither max/min), IP:1(con dnup)
(h) f ( x ) = (2 x + 4 )
5
A.EP: -2(neither max/min), IP:-2(con dnup)
(i) f ( x ) = (2 x 4 ) + 2 A.EP: 2(min), no IP
6

(j) f ( x ) = x ( x 3) 2 A.EP: 1(max),3(min), IP:2(con dnup)

(k) f ( x ) = x 2 ( x 3) A.EP: 0(max),2(min), IP:1(con dnup)
3
(l) f ( x ) = x 5
A.EP: 0(neither max/min), IP:0(con updn)
(m) f ( x ) = x + 2 A.EP: 0(min),no IP
5 4

(n) f ( x ) = 5 x 1 A.EP: 0(neither max/min), IP:0(con updn)

(o) f ( x ) = x 4 3
A.no EP,no IP
(p) f ( x ) = x 5 A.no EP,no IP
(q) f ( x ) = 3 (x 1)
2
A.EP: 1(min), no IP
(r) f ( x ) = x + 1 + 1 A.EP: -1(neither max/min), IP:-1(con updn)
3

(s) f ( x ) = 3 (x 1)
4
A.EP: 1(min),no IP
(t) f ( x ) = (x 3)3 + 4 A.no EP,IP

Q.54. Suppose that the cost of publishing a small book is Rs.10,000 to set up the (annual) press run
plus Rs.8 for each book printed. The publisher sold 7000 copies last year at Rs.13 each, but sales
dropped to 5000 copies this year when the price was raised to Rs 15 per copy. Assume that up to
10,000 copies can be printed in a single press run. How many copies should be printed, and what
should be the selling price for each copy, to maximize the years profit on this book?
A.6000 copies, Rs.14.

Q.55. A circular oil slick of uniform thickness is caused by a spill of 1 m3 of oil. The thickness of
the oil slick is decreasing at the rate of 0.1 cm/hr. At what rate is the radius of the slick increasing
when the radius is 8m?
A.0.80425 m/hr.

Q.56. The width of a rectangle is half its length. At what rate is its area increasing if its width is 10
cm and increasing at 0.5 cm/s?
A.20 cm2/sec

Q.57. A gas balloon is being filled at the rate of 100 cm3 of gas per second. At what rate is the
radius of the balloon increasing when the radius is 10 cm?
A. 0.25 cm/s.

Q.58. A company that makes games for teenage children forecasts that the teenage population in a
region x years from now will be P( x ) = 12,000,000 12,000 x + 600 x 2 + 100 x 3 . Find the rate of
change of teenage population 10 years from now.
A. increasing by about 30,000 a year
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 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 14

Q.59. It has been found that the number of people who will see a newspaper advertisement obeys a
T
law of the form N( x ) = T 2 , for x 1 , where T is the total readership of the newspaper and x is
x
the number of days that the ad runs. If the newspaper has a readership of 400,000, find how fast the
pool of potential customers is growing when the ad has run for 5 days.
A. increasing by 8000 people per additional day

Q.60. A language school has found that its students can memorize p( t ) = 24 t phrases in t hours of
class (for 1t10). Find the instantaneous rate of change of this quantity after 4 hours of class. A.
increasing by about 6 phrases per hour

Q.61. Find dy / dx for the following:

3x 2
(a) x 3 + y5 y = 8 A. y =
5y 4 1
x 3 + xy2
(b) y 4 + x 4 2x 2 y 2 = 32 A. y =
y3 x 2 y
1 1 y2
(c) + =2 A. y =
x y x2
3x 2
(d) x 3 = (y 2 ) + 1 A. y =
2

2(y 2 )

Q.62. An electronics companys profit from making x tape decks and y compact disk players per
day is given by the profit function,
P( x , y) = 2x 2 3xy + 3y 2 + 150 x + 75 y + 200
(a) Find the marginal profit function for tape decks and its value at x=200,y=300. A.4x-
3y+150, profit of 50 per additional tape deck
(b) Find the marginal profit function for compact disk players and its value at x=200,y=100. A.
3x+6y+75, profit of 75 per additional compact disk player

Q.63. In a psychology experiment a person could memorize x words in f(x)=2x2-x seconds. What is
the instantaneous rate of change of this memorization time? At x=5, what is the rate of change of
the memorization time?
A. (4x-1),19 seconds per word

Q.64. An automobile dealership finds that the number of cars that it sells on day x of an advertising
campaign is S(x)=-x2+10x (for x7). What is the instantaneous rate of change of sales? What is the
instantaneous rate of change on day x=3 and on day x=6?
A. 2x+10, 4, -2

Q.65. A spherical balloon is being inflated. The radius r of the balloon is increasing at the rate of
0.2 cm/s when r=5 cm. At what rate is the volume of the balloon increasing at that instant?
A. 62.83 cm3/s

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 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 15

Q.66. A destroyer is traveling due north on a straight course at a constant velocity of 15 kilometers
per hour. At 2 p.m., the destroyer is 50 kilometers due south of a tanker that is moving west at 5
kilometers per hour. At what time are the ships closest?
A.5 pm.

Q.67. We wish to build a rectangular holding pen for animals. To save material, we will use an
existing wall as one of its four sides. The fence for other three sides cost Rs 5/ft and we must spend
Rs 1/ft to paint the portion of the wall that forms the fourth side of the pen. If we have a total of Rs
180 to spend, what dimensions will maximize the area of the pen we can build?
A. 15 feet(wall) x 9 feet

Q.68. If ( x, y) = x 3 y + e xy , find (a) x (b) y (c) xx (d) yy (e) xy (f) yx

2

(a) 3x 2 y + y 2 e xy (b) x 3 + 2xye xy (c) 6xy + y 4e xy (d) 4x 2 y 2e xy + 2xe xy

2 2 2 2 2

(e) 3x 2 + 2xy3e xy + 2 ye xy (f) 3x 2 + 2xy3e xy + 2 ye xy

2 2 2 2

Q.69. Solve each integral:

1
x dx A. x 4 + C
3
(a)
4
2 3
(b) x dx A. x 2 + C
3
1 1
(c) x dx 2
A. + C
x
(d) 6e dx 3 x
A. 2e 3x + C

Q.70. Solve the integrals by substitution method:

(
(a) x 2 + 1 2xdx
3
) 1 4
A. x 2 + 1 + C
4
( )
(
(b) x 2 + 1 xdx
3
) 1 4
A. x 2 + 1 + c
8
( )
1 3
(c) e x x 2dx A. e x + C
3

Q.71. Solve the integrals using integration by parts.

1 1
(a) x 2 ln xdx A. x 3 ln x x 3 + C
3 9
(b) (x 2 )(x + 4 ) dx A. (x 2 )(x + 4 ) (x + 4 ) + C
8 1 9 1 10

9 90
1 1
(c) x 3 ln xdx A. (ln x ) x 4 x 4 + C
4 16
(d) (x + 1)(x 1) dx A. (x + 1)(x 1) (x 1) + C
3 1 4 1 5

4 20
1 1
(e) x 3e x dx A. x 2e x e x + C (choose u=x2)
2 2 2

2 2
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 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
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Q.72. Find the area of the curve y=12-3x2 from x=-1 to x=1?
A. 22

Q.73. After t hours of work a bank clerk can process cheques at the rate of
r ( t ) = t 2 + 90t + 5 cheques per hour. How many cheques will the clerk process during the first
three hours (t=0 to 3)?
A. 411

Q.74.The capital value of an asset (such as an oil well) that produces a continuous stream of income
is the sum of the present value of all future earnings from the asset. Therefore the capital value of
T

r ( t )e
it
an asset that produces income at the rate of r(t) per year at continuous interest rate i is dt ,
0
where T is the expected life (in years) of the asset. If i=0.06,T=10 and r(t)=240,000 for an oil well
find the capital value.
A. 1804754

Q.75. Find the average value of f ( x ) = x from x=0 to x=9.

A. 2

Q.76. Find the area between y=3x2+4 and y=2x-1 from x=-1 to x=2.
A. 21

Q.77. The present automobile fatality rate is 50e0.01t thousand per year. The predicted rate of
fatalities with increased seat belt use is 35e0.01t , where t is the number of years since 1995. Find
how many lives could be saved by seat belts during the decade 1995 to 2005.
A. 158,000

Q.78. The Arab oil embargo of 1973-74 quadrupled the price of crude oil, and as a result, the rate
of oil consumption dropped from a rate r ( t ) = 16e0.08 t (million barrels per year) to
r ( t ) = 15e0.01t (million barrels per year), where t is in years and t=0 corresponds to 1973. Find the
total amount of oil saved from 1975 to 1980.
A. 37 million barrels of oil

Q.79. Find the value of each improper integral that is convergent

1
(a) 2 dx A.1
1 x

1
(b)
1 x
dx A.divergent

x 1
(c) (x
2
2
+1 )
2
dx A.
10
3

4e A.2e6
2x
(d) dx

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 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 17

ex
(e) (1 + e )

x 2
dx A.1

Q.80. The proportion of light bulbs that last longer than t hours is predicted to be

0.001e
0.001s
ds .Use this formula to find the proportion of light bulbs that will last longer than 1200
t
hours.
A.0.3

Q.81. Suppose that an animal population P(t) initially numbers P(0)=100 and that its rate of growth
after t months is given by P( t ) = 10 + t + (0.06) t 2 . What is the population after 10 months?
A.270

Q.82. The mean daily temperature in degrees Fahrenheit for a place, t months after July 15 is
t
closely approximated by T = 61 + 18 cos = f ( t ) . Find the average temperature between
6
September 15 (t=2) and December 15(t=5).
A. 57 degrees

Q.83.Find the area bounded by the curves y = x 3 3x 2 and y = 3x 2 8x .

A.8

Q.84. After you become rich and famous, you decide to commission a statue of yourself for your
hometown. The town, will however accept your generous gift only if you pay for the perpetual
upkeep of the statue by establishing an endowment fund that will generate Rs 2000 annually for
every year in the future till perpetuity. What is the endowment fund required for a continuous
compound rate of 10%.
A.Rs 20,000.

Q.85. Suppose that you wish to arrange for your daughter, at the time of her birth, to have
Rs.80,000 available for her college expenses when she is 18. You plan to do so by making frequent,
small-essentially continuous- deposits in a mutual fund at the rate of Rs.Q per year. This fund will
accumulate 9% annual interest compounded continuously. What should Q be so that you achieve
your goal?
A. Rs 1776.

6x
Q.86. Solve the differential equation y = with the boundary condition y(1)=2.
y2
A. y = 3 9x 2 1

dy 6x 2
Q.87. Solve the differential equation = with the boundary condition y(0)=2.
dx y 4
A. 5 10x 3 + 32

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 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 18

dy
Q.88. Solve the differential equation = xy with the boundary condition y(0)=5.
dx
x2
A. y = 5e 2

Q.89. Find the general solution to the differential equation yy x = 0 .

A. y = x 2 + c , y = x 2 + c

Q.90. An annuity is a fund into which one makes equal payments at regular intervals. If the fund
earns interest at rate r compounded continuously and deposits are made continuously at the rate of d
rupees per year, then the value y(t) of the fund after t years satisfies the differential equation
y = d + ry . Solve this differential equation for the continuous annuity y(t) with deposit rate d=Rs
1000 and continuous interest rate r=0.05, subject to the boundary condition y(0)=0.
A. y = 20000e0.05 t 20000

Q.91. Suppose that you meet 30 new people each year, but each year you forget 20% of all the
people that you know. If y(t) is the total number of people who you remember after t years, then y
satisfies the differential equation y = 30 0.2 y . Solve this differential equation subject to the
condition y(0)=0 (you knew no one at birth).
A.y=150-150e-0.2t

Q.92. Solve each of the following difference equations:

(a) yx+1 =7yx+6, y0=1
(b) 8yx+1+4yx-3=0, y0=1/2
(c) 3yx+1-yx=6/5, y0=2/5
(d) yx+1=3yx-1, y0=1/2

Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 19

Text Books
Berresford, Geoffrey C., Calculus with Applications to the Management, Social, Behavioral and
Biomedical Sciences, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Edwards, C.H. and Penney, David E., Calculus with Analytic Geometry, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Harris, D.J., Mathematics for Business, Management and Economics, Ellis Horwood Limited, West
Sussex, England.
Mizrahi, Abe and Sullivan, Michael, Mathematics for Business and Social Sciences, John Wiley
and Sons,Toronto.
Moore, Hal G. and Yaqub, Adil, A First Course in Linear Algebra with Applications, Academic
Press, San Diego.
Rees, Paul K. and Rees, Charles Sparks, Principles of Mathematics, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
Ruud, Warren L. and Shell, Terry L., Prelude to Calculus, Wadsworth Publishing Company,
Belmont, California.
Spence, Laurence E., Enden, Charles Vanden, Gallin, Daniel, Applied Mathematics for the
Management, Life and Social Sciences, Scott, Foresman/Little, Brown Higher Education,
Illinois.

Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 20

De Morgans laws: A U B = A I B A I B = A U B.
A U A = A A U B = B U A (A U B) U C = A U (B U C)
AU = A AIU =A AUU=U AI= AUA =U A=A
A IB = BIA AI A = A AU A = U AIA = U= =U
A I (B I C) = (A I B) I C
A U (B I C ) = (A U B) I (A U C ) A I (B U C ) = (A I B) U (A I C )

Differentiation
If f(x)=k, where k is any real number, then f ( x ) =0 for all x.
If f ( x ) = x r , where r is any real number, then f ( x ) = rx r 1
If f=g+h, then f = g + h ; If f=g-h, then f = g h
If f=kg, where k is any real number, then f = kg

Derivative of a Product:
d
[f ( x)g(x )] = f ( x)g( x) + g( x )f (x )
dx
d f ( x ) g( x )f ( x ) f ( x )g( x )
Derivative of a Quotient: = , where g(x)0
dx g( x ) [g(x )]2
d 1 f ( x )
=
dx f ( x ) [f (x )]2
Power Rule: If f(x) is a differentiable function and r is any real number, then
d
[g(x )]r = r[g( x )]r 1 g( x) .
dx
Chain Rule: Suppose y is a differentiable function of u and u is a differentiable function
dy dy du
of x i.e. y=f(u) and u=g(x). Then = .
dx du dx
d 1 d x d x
ln x = ; e = ex ; a = a x ln a
dx x dx dx
f ( x )
e = ef ( x )f ( x ) ; a f ( x ) = (ln a )a f ( x )f ( x )
d d f (x) d
ln f ( x ) = ;
dx f (x) dx dx
d 1 d f ( x )
log a x = ; log a f ( x ) =
dx (ln a )x dx (ln a )f (x )
Integration
k +1
x dx 1
x dx = k + 1 + C , if k -1 = ln x + C e dx = eax + C e dx = e +C
k ax x x

x a
ax
a dx = ln a + C udv = uv vdu
x

Prof.Bodhibrata Nag