CS8005 VI Semester - Elective Course

CLOUD COMPUTING AND SERVICES

S.Thamarai Selvi
Professor
Department of Computer Technology
Madras Institute of Technology
Anna University Chennai
Chennai 600 044.

E Mail: stselvi @ annauniv.edu

thamaraiselvis@gmail.com
 Acknowledgment
Resources from Internet
Books on cloud computing
Journal Papers
Conference proceedings

2
 Unit I INTRODUCTION
Cloud-definition, benefits, usage
scenarios, History of Cloud Computing -
Cloud Architecture - Types of Clouds -
Business models around Clouds Major
Players in Cloud Computing - issues in
Clouds - Eucalyptus - Nimbus - Open
Nebula, Cloud Sim

3
 UNIT II CLOUD
SERVICES
Types of Cloud services: Software as a
Service - Platform as a Service
Infrastructure as a Service - Database as
a Service - Monitoring as a Service
Communication as services. Service
providers- Google, Amazon, Microsoft
Azure, IBM, Sales force.

4
 UNIT III COLLABORATING
USING CLOUD SERVICES

Email Communication over the Cloud -

CRM Management - Project Management-
Event Management - Task Management
Calendar - Schedules - Word Processing
Presentation Spreadsheet - Databases
Desktop - Social Networks and
Groupware.

5
UNIT IV VIRTUALIZATION FOR
CLOUD

Need for Virtualization Pros and cons of

Virtualization Types of Virtualization
System Vm, Process VM, Virtual Machine
monitor Virtual machine properties -
Interpretation and binary translation, HLL
VM - Hypervisors Xen, KVM , VMWare,
Virtual Box, Hyper- V.

6
UNIT V SECURITY, STANDARDS
AND APPLICATIONS

Security in Clouds: Cloud security

challenges Software as a Service
Security, Common Standards: The Open
Cloud Consortium The Distributed
management Task Force Standards for
application Developers Standards for
Messaging Standards for Security, End
user access to cloud computing, Mobile
Internet devices and the cloud. 7
10
A Golden Era in Computing
Powerful
multi-core
processors
General
Explosion of
purpose
domain
graphic
applications
processors

Superior
Proliferation
software
of devices
methodologies

Virtualization
Wider bandwidth
leveraging
for
the powerful
communication
hardware
11
 Evolution of Sharing on the Internet
Cloud Computing
Services Sharing Everything as a service over the Web:
SaaS, utility computing, IT services,
Ubiquitous, always available, scalable,

The Grid
Resource Sharing Grid Computing
Standards and software for sharing of
remote resources and collaboration
Mainly used for highly scalable HPC jobs

Information Sharing The World Wide Web

HTML page format, HTTP protocol, and
Mosaic browser for document exchange
Initially in universities; worldwide adoption

Network Sharing Inter-Networking and the Internet

Inter-Networking of regional networks with TCP/IP
Began to replace regional alternatives
Worldwide adoption file transfer

Networking Networks
Multiple regional networks linking computers
Initially at universities and national labs
12
 2010: Microsoft
1970: DARPAs TCP/IP 1999: Grid Computing Azure

1984: IEEE 802.3 1997: IEEE 2008: Google

Ethernet & LAN 802.11 (Wi-Fi) AppEngine
1966: Flynns Taxonomy
SISD, SIMD, MISD, MIMD 1989: TCP/IP
2007: Manjrasoft Aneka
IETF RFC 1122
1969: ARPANET
1984: DECs 2005: Amazon
1951: UNIVAC I, VMScluster AWS (EC2, S3)
First Mainframe
1975: Xerox
PARC 2004: Web 2.0
Clouds Invented 1990: Lee-Calliau
Ethernet WWW, HTTP, HTML
1960: Crays
Grids First
Supercomputer
Clusters

Mainframes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Components of distributed systems

Frameworks for Applications

distributed
programming

IPC primitives Middleware

for control and
data.

Operating
System

Networking and
Parallel
Hardware
Hardware
 Applications
User interface for presentation

Middleware
Distributed System

Support for heterogeneous resource sharing, communication,

and programming environments for application development
Stack

Operative System
Execution platform including network connectivity services

Hardware
Computer and network hardware
MPI Programming,
JMS, MSMQ, MQS

Message
Based
Communicatio
n

Paradigms /
Architectural
Models
 History of Cloud systems
2010: Microsoft
1970: DARPAs TCP/IP 1999: Grid Computing Azure

1984: IEEE 802.3 1997: IEEE 2008: Google

Ethernet & LAN 802.11 (Wi-Fi) AppEngine
1966: Flynns Taxonomy
SISD, SIMD, MISD, MIMD 1989: TCP/IP
2007: Manjrasoft Aneka
IETF RFC 1122
1969: ARPANET
1984: DECs 2005: Amazon
1951: UNIVAC I, VMScluster AWS (EC2, S3)
First Mainframe
1975: Xerox
PARC 2004: Web 2.0
Clouds Invented 1990: Lee-Calliau
Ethernet WWW, HTTP, HTML
1960: Crays
Grids First
Supercomputer
Clusters

Mainframes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

 Models of IPC
Message Based Communication
Message passing
RPC
Distributed Objects
Distributed Agents and Active Objects
Web Services
Models for message based
communication
Point to point
Publish-Subscribe
Reply Request 18
 Technologies for DC
RPC
Distributed Object Framework

19
 RPC
Node A Node B

Main Procedure Procedure

Registry

Procedure Procedure C:Node

A B Procedure C

Procedure RPC Service

B RPC Library
Program A (RPC Program C (RPC
Client) Server)
Parameters
Parameters Marshaling Return Value Return Value
Unmarshaling and
and Procedure Name Unmarshaling Marshaling
Procedure Name

Network
 DOF interaction
Node A Node B
Application B

21
10 16
Instance Remote
15
Instance
5: Object
1: Ask for Object Proxy Object Skeleton Activation
Reference
9 11 20 17 14 6 4

Remote Reference Module Remote Reference Module

Application A
8 12 7
13
2 19 18 3

Network
Service Oriented Architectures
(SOA)

Service
Registry

find Publish

Service Service
Requestor provider
Bind

22
Service Oriented Architecture model implemented by XML Web Services
 XML Web Services Foundation
Simple, Open, Broad Industry Support

Publish, Find, Use Services: UDDI

Service Descriptions : WSDL

Service Interactions: SOAP

Universal Data Format: XML

Internet
Ubiquitous Communications:
(HTTP)
 Container Container

Servlet/EJB Client Code Service Provider Code

Invocation Receipt Response Operation Invoke

WSEngine WSEngine

Marshal Unmarshal Marshal Unmarshal

Transport Transport

HTTP
Response
SOAP Response SOAP Response

SOAP Request SOAP Request

HTTP Request

Client Side Service Provider

Web Service Request via SOAP/HTTP

 WS Components
1. A standard way for communication (SOAP)

2. A uniform data representation and exchange

mechanism (XML)

3. A standard meta language to describe the

services offered (WSDL)

4. A mechanism to register and locate WS

based applications (UDDI)
 What is SOAP?
Lightweight protocol used for exchange of
messages in a decentralized, distributed
environment
Platform-independent
Used for Remote Procedure Calls
W3C note defines the use of SOAP with XML as
payload and HTTP as transport
 SOAP Elements
Envelope (mandatory)
Top element of the XML document representing the message

Header (optional)
Determines how a recipient of a SOAP message should process the
message
Adds features to the SOAP message such as authentication,
transaction management, payment, message routes, etc

Body (mandatory)
Exchanges information intended for the recipient of the message
Typical use is for RPC calls and error reporting
 SOAP Elements
SOAP Encoding
Envelope package
Header/Body pattern
Similar to how HTTP works

Header

Body
 Simple Example
<Envelope>
<Header>
<transId>345</transId>
</Header>
<Body>
c = Add(n1, n2)
<Add>
<n1>3</n1>
<n2>4</n2>
</Add>
</Body>

</Envelope>
 SOAP Request
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope
xmlns:SOAP-ENV=http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/
SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/>
<SOAP-ENV:Header>
<t:transId xmlns:t=http://a.com/trans>345</t:transId>
</SOAP-ENV:Header>
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<m:Add xmlns:m=http://a.com/Calculator>
<n1>3</n1>
<n2>4</n2>
</m:Add>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
 SOAP Request
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope
xmlns:SOAP-ENV=http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/
SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/>
<SOAP-ENV:Header>
Scopes the message to the SOAP
<t:transId xmlns:t=http://a.com/trans>345</t:transId>
namespace describing the SOAP
</SOAP-ENV:Header>
envelope
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<m:Add xmlns:m=http://a.com/Calculator>
Establishes the type of encoding
<n1>3</n1> that is used within the message
<n2>4</n2> (different data types supported)
</m:Add>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
 SOAP Request
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope
xmlns:SOAP-ENV=http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/
SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/>
<SOAP-ENV:Header> Qualifies transaction Id
<t:transId xmlns:t=http://a.com/trans>345</t:transId>
</SOAP-ENV:Header>
<SOAP-ENV:Body> Defines the method
<m:Add xmlns:m=http://a.com/Calculator>
<n1>3</n1>
<n2>4</n2>
</m:Add>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
 SOAP Response
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope
xmlns:SOAP-ENV=http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/
SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding
<SOAP-ENV:Header>
<t:transId xmlns:t=http://a.com/trans>345</t:transId>
</SOAP-ENV:Header>
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<m:AddResponse xmlns:m=http://a.com/Calculator>
<result>7</result>
</m:AddResponse>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
Response typically uses method
name with Response appended
 XML-RPC vs SOAP
XML-RPC: lower common denominator form
of communication
Simple, easy to understand (only 7 pages
specification)

SOAP: can transfer more sophisticated

information (could define virtually any data
structure)
Flexible, but complex
Supported by industry
 WSDL
Web Services Description Language is an XML
document

Describes WS functionality

How WS communicate & where it is accessible

(What, Where & How)
 UDDI
Universal Description Definition Interface

A standard discovery mechanism for WS

Users can query a UDDI registry (company

name, service type, Industry category or
other criteria)

Provides pointers to WSDL document

UDDI is also based on XML

 WS technology Stack

WSFL Web Service Flow

Quality of Service
Static UDDI Service Discovery

Management
Direct UDDI Service Publication

Security
WSDL Service Description

SOAP
XML-based
Messaging
HTTP, FTP,e-mail, MQ, IIOP, . Network
 Web Service Interaction reference
Scenario

WSDL(s
Web Web Service
)
Server

WS Client UDDI Registry

Web WSDL
Server

Application

Web Service

WSDL
WS Client
Application

Application
 Architectural styles for
Distributed Computing
Components and connectors
Software Architectural Styles
Data Oriented architecture
Data Flow architecture
Call and return architecture
Architectural styles based on Independent
components

40
 History of Distributed
Computing
System Architectural Styles
Client/Server Computing
Peer-to-peer Computing
Grid Computing
Collaborative Computing
Cloud Computing

41
 Trends in computing
Cluster Computing

Grid
Peer to peer Computing
Computing
Computing

Collaborative
Computing

Cloud Computing 42
42
 Client/Server Computing
Centralized Apps & Storage

43
 Client-server
request

Two Tier
(Classic Model)
clien respons serve
t e r

Three Tier

clien serve
t Server/client r

N Tier
serve
r

clien Server/clie Server/clien

t nt t serve
r
Peer-to-Peer Computing
Sharing Resources

45
 P2P

peer

peer

peer
peer

peer

peer
peer
 Grid Computing
Providing More Computing Power

47
 Grid Computing
Distributed parallel processing across a network
Key concept: the ability to negotiate resource-
sharing arrangements
Characteristics of grid computing
Coordinates independent resources
Uses open standards and interfaces
Quality of service
Allows for heterogeneity of computers
Distribution across large geographical boundaries
Loose coupling of computers

48

48
 Grid Context
Users
Job submission

Portal / CLI

Resource Broker Maps to Physical resources

Grid Enabled Resources

C1 C2 C3 C4
Physical Resources

PBS cluster LSFcluster SGE cluster Torque cluster

Research Activities @ 49
CARE
Collaborative Computing
Working as a Group

50
Cloud Computing

51
 Social Networks,
Scientific Computing,
Enterprise
Applications

Applications
(SaaS)

Frameworks for
Cloud Application
Development
Middleware (PaaS)

Virtual hardware,
networking, OS Hardware and OS
images, and storage. (IaaS)
 Enabling Technologies

Cloud applications: data-intensive,

compute-intensive, storage-intensive

Bandwidth
WS
Services interface

Web-services, SOA, WS standards

VM0 VM1 VMn

Storage Virtualization: bare metal, hypervisor.

Models: S3,
BigTable,
BlobStore,
... Multi-core architectures

64-bit
processor
54
 Status of Grid

Mostly used by scientific community

No viable commercial grid computing
providers emerged
Not successful in commercial aspect
Grid adoption in Enterprises is not much
available.
Commercial Grids - Not successful & Cloud Computing - Evolved
60
 Evolution of communication
Telephone
Radio
TV
Mobile
Web

61
 Evolutionary Development of
the Web
Web 1.0 Read Mainly - Graphical UI

Web 2.0 Read/Write/Participatory -

Social UI
Web 3.0 3D/Video (iTV, AR,) -
Metaverse UI ( AR-Augmented Reality)
Web 4.0 Semantic - Conversational UI
Web 5.0 Intelligent - Cognitive UI
62
 Phase Transitions: Web,
Semantic Web, Social Software,
Metaweb

63
 Defining Clouds: There are many
views for what is cloud computing?
Over 20 definitions:
http://cloudcomputing.sys-con.com/read/612375_p.htm
Renting remote storage backup
Renting remote server hosting Web server
Renting remote more servers to manage large workload
Buyyas Scientific definition of Cloud Computing
Cloud is a market-oriented distributed computing system
consisting of a collection of inter-connected and virtualised
computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as
one or more unified computing resources based on service-level
agreements (SLA) established through negotiation between the
service provider and consumers.
SLA = {negotiated and agreed QoS parameters + rewards +
penalties for violation of agreement....}

64
 Definition
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient,
on-demand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources (e.g., networks,
servers, storage, applications, and services) that can
be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider interaction.
(NIST Definition)
This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of
five essential characteristics, three service models, and four
deployment models.

65
November 18, 2009 65
66
 What is a Cloud?

SLAs
Web Services

Virtualization

67
Traditional Computing vs. Cloud
Computing
Traditional Computing Cloud Computing
PC-centric Document-centric
Own copies of software Rented copies of
on own hardware software on rented
No access outside the hardware
network Accessible anywhere
(Got to have internet
If PC crashes, you loose connectivity though!)
everything If PC crashes, you dont
loose anything

68
 What Cloud Computing Isnt
Isnt network computing
Network Computing
Applications/documents are
hosted on a single companys
server and accessed
over the companys network.
Access is over the companys
network only.
Cloud Computing
Encompasses multiple
companies, multiple servers,
and multiple networks.
Cloud services and storage
are accessible from
anywhere in the world over
an internet connection.
69
 What Cloud Computing Isnt
Isnt traditional outsourcing
Outsourcing Cloud Computing
A company farms out its Access data or applications
computing service to an anywhere via internet.
outside firm, which hosts the
companys data or
applications that can be
accessed only by the
employees via companys
network.
70
 What is cloud computing?
It is document centric, but not PC centric
It is a large group of inter-conncted
The cloud of computers extends beyond a
single company or enterprise
Accessed via internet
Cross enterprise and cross paltform
Technology and infrastructure are invisible

71
What is NOT cloud computing?
NOT network computing
NOT outsourcing
Both the above cases, data or applications
are accessible only to the companys
employees via companys network, not the
entire world via internet

72
 Properties of Cloud Computing
Googles Perspective

User centric
Task centric
Powerful
Accessible
Intelligent
programmable

73
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
Scalability
Elasticity
Self service provisioning
On demand resource provisioning
APIs
Billing and metering services
Supporting business agility
Reducing capital expenditure
74
 Pros and cons
Lower cost computers
Improved Performance
Lower IT infrastructure cost
Free Maintenance Issues
Lower software cost
Instant Software updates
Increased computing power
Unlimited storage capacity
75
 Pros and cons
Increased data safety
Improved compatibility between OS
Improved document compatibility
Easier group collaboration
Universal Access to documents
Latest version Availability
Not reliant a single computer

76
 But there are issues
Constant internet facility
Low bandwidth
Economic impact (e.g. employment)
Competition
Standards
Discrepancies in legal regimes
Environmental impact

77
 But there are issues
Can be slow
Features may be limited
Stored data might not be seen
Failure or Loss of data

78
 Challenges
Alignment with the needs of the business / user
/ non-computer specialists / community and
society
Need to address the scalability issue: large
scale data, high performance computing,
automation, response time, rapid prototyping,
and rapid time to production
Need to effectively address (i) ever shortening
cycle of obsolescence, (ii) heterogeneity and
(iii) rapid changes in requirements
Transform data from diverse sources into
intelligence and deliver intelligence to right
people/user/systems
What about providing all this in a cost-
effective manner?
Security Services

1. Authentication
2. Authorization
3. Availability
4. Confidentiality
5. Integrity
6. Accountability
7. Privacy

80
 Who benefits from Cloud
Computing?
Collaborators
Road warriors
Cost-conscious users
Cost-conscious IT departments
Users with increasing needs

81
 Who shouldnt be using Cloud
Computing?
Internet-impaired
Offline workers
Security conscious
Anyone married to existing applications

82
 3 Cloud Service Models
Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS)
Use providers applications over a network
Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Deploy customer-created applications to a cloud
Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Rent processing, storage, network capacity, and other
fundamental computing resources

To be considered cloud they must be deployed

on top of cloud infrastructure that has the key
characteristics
83

83
84
85
Cloud Architecture
Application

Platform

Unified Resource

Fabric

Cloud computing is defined as a large-scale distributed computing

paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of
abstracted, virtualized, dynamically scalable, managed computing
power, storage, platforms and services are delivered on demand to
external customers over the internet.
Source:Ian Foster et al.,Cloud Computing and Grid Computing 360-Degree Compared 86
 Architecture

interactions
across
collections of
resources,
directory services
collectionresources
of specialized
that
tools, middleware
have been and
services on
abstracted/encap
top of the
discovery, negotiation,
unified resources
sulated to
monitoring, accounting and
provide a
communication payment of
development and/or
and sharing operations on
deployment platform
authentication individual resources
protocols
87
 88

Cloud Reference Model

89
90
 Cloud Architecture
SaaS

Cloud Applications
SaaS
Pure

User Social Computing, Enterprise ISV, Scientific Computing,

Applications
CDNs
Cloud Programming Environment and
PaaS

Tools
PaaS
Pure

Adaptive Management
User-level Web 2.0, Mashups, Concurrent and Distributed
Middleware
Programming, Workflows , Libraries, Scripting

Autonomic Cloud
Economy
IaaS

Cloud Hosting Platforms

QoS Negotiation, Admission Control, Pricing, SLA
IaaS (M)

Management, Monitoring, Execution Management,

Metering, Accounting
Core
Middleware
Virtual Machine (VM), VM Management and Deployment

Cloud Resources
System
Infrastructure
 IaaS Architecture
Web based Management
Interface
Web Services, Portals, REST API

Infrastructure Management Software

Pricing / QoS SLA

Scheduling
Billing Management
Provisioning

VM Pool
Monitoring Reservation VM Image Repository
Management

Physical Infrastructure

Desktop /
Datacenter Cluster Heterogeneous Third Party IaaS
Resources
Cloud
PaaS Architecture

Web based Interface

Web Services, Portals, REST API Programming API / Libraries

PaaS Core Middleware

User
Elasticity &
Management
Scaling
Application
Runtime
Management

QoS / SLA Management &

Resources Management Billing

Physical Infrastructure IaaS Providers

 4 Cloud Deployment Models
Private cloud
enterprise owned or leased
Community cloud
shared infrastructure for specific community
Public cloud
Sold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure
Hybrid cloud
composition of two or more clouds
94

94
Public, Private and Hybrid clouds

95
 Private cloud Stack

Platform as a Service Solutions

PaaS

DataSynapse, Zimory Pools,

Elastra CloudServer, Aneka, .
IaaS

Infrastructure Management Software

Eucalyptus, OpenNebula, VMWare
IaaS (M)

vCloud, OpenPEX, InterGrid,

Virtual Machine Technology

KVM, Xen, VMWare,

Datacenters, Clusters, Desktop Grids

Physical Infrastructure
 Hybrid / Heterogeneous
Cloud

Private Cloud Public Cloud

Paas Dynamic
Provisionin
IaaS (M) g

Public Cloud
Datacenter Cluster Desktop Grids /
NOWs
 Community Cloud

Application
Services
3rd Party
Cloud Public Cloud
Developmen
Private Cloud
t
Platforms

Public Cloud
Private Cloud
Federal and
Government
Bodies
Private
Users
Industries
Enterprises
Public Services
Private VS Public Cloud

99
 5 Essential Cloud Characteristics
On-demand self-service
Broad network access
Resource pooling
Location independence
Rapid elasticity
Measured service

100

10
The NIST Cloud Definition Framework

Hybrid Clouds
Deployment
Models Private Community
Public Cloud
Cloud Cloud

Service Software as a Platform as a Infrastructure as a

Models Service (SaaS) Service (PaaS) Service (IaaS)

On Demand Self-Service
Essential
Broad Network Access Rapid Elasticity
Characteristics
Resource Pooling Measured Service

Massive Scale Resilient Computing

Common Homogeneity Geographic Distribution

Characteristics Virtualization Service Orientation
101
Low Cost Software Advanced Security
10
102
 Access a Cloud Service?

SaaS Application

UI Internet PaaS Platform

IaaS Infrastructure

Cloud Providers

103
 Infrastructure Trends
Four quickly emerging infrastructure
12.3
trends:
Service-oriented architecture
Virtualization
Grid Computing
Cloud computing
BYOD
Bring your own device is gaining
popularity
Infusions of new technology
Employee buy-in to new infrastructure
Often more affordable for business
Convergence everywhere

105
 Convergence in EVERYWHER
Convergence of
technology
Convergence of
business and
ecosystem
Convergence of
people, application,
things, data, devices,
etc.

Source: IDC
Convergence of IoT, big data and
cloud
For IoT, number of billions of connected devices is
an indicator of IoT. The connectivity is just an
enabler but the real value of IoT is on data
(business insight/data-driven economy)
For Big Data, data collection is one of the main
concern, and IoT can play an important roles for
data collection and data sharing
For Big Data, data is nothing without real business
value insight
Cloud offers Everything as a Service business
model for IOT and big data.
IoT is a King, Big data is a Queen and Cloud is
a Palace
Cloud-based IoT Big Data
applications
Massive
monitoring
Prescriptive and
descriptive Real-time
actionable insight

Proactive and
predictive Observation

Performance and
optimization
Key requirements of IoT-Big data
platform
Security and
privacy

Intelligent and
Scalable dynamic

Distributed and
Real-time decentralized
 iKaaS-EU-Japan IoT big data platform
intelligent Knowledge as as a Service
App. App.

Query

Storage KaaS
Global Cloud
Data
Data
Knowledge Knowledge
Security Security
GW GW

Query Query

Local Cloud Local Cloud

Storage Storage
Data Data

Sensors Sensors
/IoT Devices /IoT Devices

The goal of this project is to combine ubiquitous and heterogeneous sensing,

smart objects, semantic, big data and cloud computing technologies in a
platform enabling the Internet of Things process consisting of continuous iterations
on data ingestion, data storage, analytics, knowledge generation and knowledge
 Smart city opportunities and
challenges
Smart City is a concentration of
people and devices
Currently 72% of the EU population
lives in urban areas, using 70% of our
energy.
Most of the data is generated by
people/citizen and
process/machine
IoT/ big data can offer value to energy
systems, mobility, climate change,
and water and air quality, crime,
autonomic car.
 Madrid City-Environmental Health

Environmental health use case focusing on pollutants, pollen, airborne

contaminants, precise detection to offer improve accuracy of information to
citizen
Install number of environment city sensors on-board public transportation,
to correlated with historical environment health data
 Sendai Smart Village in Japan

Tago-Nishi is build as a smart city, including town management and health

services
Offering personalize and context aware services, considering the data
from energy-consumption of each of the house, weather, wearable, etc.
 OPEN INNOVATION
PLATFORM FOR IOT-
BIG DATA IN SUB-
SAHARA AFRICA
Smart Applica ons Users management
(Monitoring, control, predic ve (Users authen ca on, privacy,
of systems, no fica on of users) log-in, persona;ize users )

Openness and applica on development of third par es

Interoperable Service and Dynamic Workflow
(Service deployment, APIs, dynamic composi on)

Processing and Analy c Engine

(Stream and batch processing and Big data analy c capabili es)
Lower entry level for SMEs and IoT Broker and Management
application developers (connec vity, device registra on and management, data
management

Improve living and working

condition of African rural Connec vity

community Network communica on (long-range/short range

single hop, MAC)
Technology
Long-distance remote monitoring, Device
control and users notification Embedded So ware (Signal processing)
Prediction, forecasting, optimization
and big data analytic applications Hardware (embedded sensors, connec vity)
 WAZIUP application domains

Irrigation Livestock farming Fish farming

Storage and logistic Mobile health Fresh water

 Sense of connection!
Nothing ever exists entirely alone; everything is in
relation to everything else- Buddha

One more from Advaita Philosophy; its also called

non-duality
It says
"the sense that all things are interconnected and
not separate, while at the same time all things
retain their individuality".
 Convergence everywhere
Convergence is everywhere, it is just
starting
Think on the how your business will
convergence and scale-up
Need for more large-scale IoT and big data
testing and experimentation
In developed counties majority people are
living in City whereas in developing countries
still living rural area
IoT, Big data and Cloud are the future of the
world
CLOUD APPLICATIONS

118
1. Smart Farming

119
 Cloud for agriculture
Cloud based monitoring and maintenance
WSN and cloud will enable so many
applications for cultivation
Vertical / horizontal farming may be used

120
 2. Smart Dresses
Dresses will be embedded with chips to
monitor the health conditions
Protection from pollution
Providing comfortable environment
Provided with communication and other
facilities

121
3. Smart Home

122
 CLOUD for smart home
Child Monitoring
Auto lighting/ switch on/off a device
Supporting aged parents
Alerts for unauthorized entries

123
4 Smart Learning

124
U Learning and Smart Classroom

125
 Cloud for U Learning
Cloud services enable personalized
learning
Access to context based resources
Allows experts to be contacted
Collaborative learning becomes easier
Interactive learning is feasible
Active learning may be effectively
implemented
Evaluation may be done in a standard way
126
 5. Smart Health Care Systems
Smart monitoring of healthcare
Tele-operations
Collaborative Surgery operations
Intelligent Diagnosis
Bio-pharmacy
Natural Treatment

127
6. Space tourism will be common, and
40,000 humans will be working in orbit.

128
 Cloud computing for Space
tourism
Communication across planets
Protocol to be developed
Once internet is reached, cloud takes care
of the communication within the planet
Information sharing across planets -
Research

129
7. Automated flying drones will
transport humans.

130
 8. Smart Car :
Driverless cars will be in common place

131
 Cloud with Smart Car
Possible to extend GPS services using
cloud for easier guidance and monitoring
Surveillance cameras to be connected to
cloud for smart routing during heavy traffic
Cloud services may be extended for the
benefit of drivers as well as passengers

132
 How Does It Affect You?
9 Mobile Mobile is becoming a major design
point for more applications
Tablet use will explode
Mobile apps are a critical enabler
of B2C interactions
Context Aware Computing enters
your planning through location
based services
Learning a second Application delivery, management
language will no and support complexity increases
longer be The rise of the App Store 133
necessary.
 Cloud and Mobile
Mobile services are easily integrated with
cloud services
Language translators for the people
Smart phones with cloud services enable
many domestic applications to users
Complex applications are possible with the
help of back end computing using cloud

134
10 Humanoids

A large number
of people will
have robot
lovers.
135
 Robot and CLOUD
Cloud enables disaster management using
Robot
Controlling robots using cloud for defense
applications
Domestic applications for cleaning,
cooking and any other repetitive works

136
 Major Players in Cloud
Amazon
IBM
HP
Google
Microsoft
Workday
Oracle
Cisco Webex
Salesforce.com etc., 137
 Elastic Utility Computing Architecture Linking Your Programs
To Useful Systems
Web services based implementation of elastic/utility/cloud
computing infrastructure
Linux image hosting ala Amazon
Interface compatible with EC2
Works with command-line tools from Amazon w/o modification
Enables leverage of emerging EC2 value-added service venues
(e.g. Rightscale)
Functions as a software overlay
Existing installation should not be violated (too much)
One-button install using Rocks
System Administrators are people too.

138
 Eucalyptus Architecture: WS-Cloud
Amazon EC2 Interface

Client-side API
Translator

Cloud Controller

Cluster Controller
Node Controller

139
 Components of Eucalyptus
Node Controller

Cluster Controller

Walrus

Storage Controller

Cloud Controller

140
 Components of EUCALYPTUS

141
 Node Controller (NC)
Node Controller runs on each node and controls
the life cycle of instances running on the node.
It interacts with the OS and the hypervisor running
on the node and the Cluster Controller (CC).

Functions
Collection of data related to the resource availability
and utilization on the node and reporting the data to
CC
Instance life cycle management.

142
 Cluster Controller (CC)
CC manages one or more Node Controllers and
deploys/manages instances on them
CC also manages the networking for the instances
running on the Nodes under certain types of
networking modes of Eucalyptus
Functions
To receive requests from Cloud controller to deploy
instances
To decide which NCs to use for deploying the instances on
To control the virtual network available to the instances
To collect information about the NCs registered with it and
report it to the Cloud controller

143
 Walrus
Walrus provides a persistent simple
storage service using REST and SOAP
APIs compatible with S3 APIs.

Functions
Storing the machine images
Storing snapshots
Storing and serving files using S3 API

144
 Storage Controller (SC)
SC provides persistent block storage for use
by the instances.
SC is similar to the Elastic Block Storage
(EBS) service from AWS.

Functions
Creation of persistent EBS devices
Providing the block storage over AoE or iSCSI
protocol to the instances
Allowing creation of snapshots of volumes
145
 Cloud Controller (CLC)
Cloud Controller (CLC) is the front end to the entire cloud
infrastructure.
CLC provides an EC2/S3 compliant web services interface to
the client tools.
CLC interacts with all the components of the Eucalyptus in
managing the cloud infrastructure.

Functions
Monitor the availability of resources on various components of
the cloud infrastructure, including hypervisor nodes that are used
to actually provision the instances and the cluster controllers that
manage the hypervisor nodes
Deciding which clusters will be used for provisioning the
instances
Monitoring the running instances.

146
OpenNebula
Open Nebula

148
Services rendered

149
Architecture

150
Open nebula Standrds

151
 OpenNebula
OpenNebula is the open-source industry
standard for data center virtualization,
offering the most feature-rich, flexible
solution for the comprehensive
management of virtualized data centers to
enable on-premise Infrastructure as a
Service Clouds.

152
 Key Features
Interfaces for Cloud Consumers
Service Management and Catalog
Interfaces for Administrators and Advanced users
Appliance Marketplace
Chargeback
Capacity and Performance Management
High Availability and Business Continuity
Virtual Infrastructure management and Orchestration
External Cloud Connector
Platform
Security
Integration with Third-party Tools
Licensing
Upgrade Process
Quality Assurance
Product Support

153
 Interfaces Provided
Cloud Consumers: Cloud interfaces like the OCCI
and EC2 Query and EBS interfaces, and a simple
Sunstone cloud user view that can be used as a
self-service portal.
Cloud Advanced Users and Operators:
Administration interfaces like a Unix-like command
line interface and the powerful Sunstone GUI.
Cloud Integrators: Extensible low-level APIs in
Ruby, JAVA and XMLRPC API
Appliance Builders: A Marketplace with a catalog
of virtual appliances ready to run in OpenNebula
environments

154
Interfaces Provided

155
Open Nebula Interfaces

156
Nimbus

157
 OpenStack
Apache 2.0 licensed
Open Source No enterprise version

Open design summit

Open Design Anyone is able to define core architecture

Open GitHub
Launchpad
Development
Open OpenStack foundation in 2012
Now 190+ companies, 3000+ developers, 11000+
Community members

158
 Block Storage CERN Network
Provider Database

Cinder
Network
Account mgmt
Compute
system
Scheduler
Keystone Nova
Microsoft Active
Directory

Horizon Glance
CERN DB
on Demand

159
Cloud Storage

160
Cloud Storage Providers

161
References

162
163
Cloud Computing: Implementation, Management,
and Security by John W.Rittinghouse and James
F.Ransome : CRC Press 2010

164
Cloud Computing: Web-Based Applications That Change
the Way You Work and Collaborate Online by Michael
Miller : Que Publishing 2009

165
Cloud Computing Best Practices for Managing and
Measuring Processes for On-demand Computing,
Applications and Data Centers in the Cloud with
SLAs by Haley Beard: Emereo Pty Limited, July
2008.

166
 Cloud Application Architectures: Building
Applications and Infrastructure in the Cloud:
Transactional Systems for EC2 and Beyond
(Theory in Practice (O'Reilly))
by George Reese: O'Reilly

167
Cloud Computing, A Practical Approach by Toby
Velte, Anthony Velte, Robert Elsenpeter: TMH,
2009

168
Kai Hwang, Geoffrey
C. Fox, Jack J.
Dongarra,
Distributed and cloud
computing, MK
Publishers
RESTful Web Services Web services for the real world
by Leonard Richardson, Sam Ruby : O'REILLY

170
 Professional Web 2.0 Programming
(Wrox Professional Guides)
by Eric Van der list, Danny Ayers, Erik Bruchez, Joe
Fawcett, Alessandro Vernet : Wrox

171