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1. Scope
1.1 This test method establishes procedures for measuring
S exposure with sample
D
Attenuation ~percent! 5 1 exposure without sample 3 100
(1)
the attenuation of X-rays by protective materials at accelerating
potentials from 60 to 130 kVp. 3.1.2 lead equivalency, nFor radiological protective ma-
1.2 This test method provides attenuation values of primary terial, the thickness in millimetres of lead (commonly desig-
beam X-radiation. nated mmPb) of greater than 99.9 percent purity that provides
1.3 This test method applies to both leaded and non-leaded the same attenuation as a given protective material.
radiation protective clothing materials. 3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis test method provides the attenua-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the tion of the material and not the lead equivalency. Determining
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the lead equivalency would require testing lead of known thickness
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- and purity, and comparing the attenuation of the protective
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- material with the attenuation of the lead. Although lead
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. equivalency has been the standard for reporting protective
material capability, the drafters of this test method believe it is
2. Referenced Documents not feasible to obtain adequate standard lead samples for
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 reporting lead equivalency values.
F 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing 3.1.3 secondary radiation, nradiation outside the primary
X-ray beam.
3. Terminology 3.1.4 scatter radiation, na form of secondary radiation
3.1 Definitions: resulting from the interaction of the primary X-ray beam and
3.1.1 attenuation, nFor radiological protective material, the target (for example, protective material being tested or a
the reduction in the intensity of the X-ray beam resulting from patient undergoing a medical procedure).
the interactions between the X-ray beam and the protective 3.1.5 half-value layer (HVL), nthe thickness of alumi-
material that occur when the X-ray beam passes through the num, in millimetres (commonly designated mmAl), that re-
protective material. duces the intensity of the X-ray beam by one half.
3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this test method, the attenuation is 3.1.5.1 DiscussionThe HVL is dependent on the energy
calculated as 1 minus the ratio of the measured exposure with of the X-ray beam and, therefore, is different for X-rays
a protective material in the beam to the measured exposure produced at different accelerating potentials.
without the protective material in the beam at a specific 3.1.6 kilovolts, peak (kVp), nthe maximum electrical
accelerating potential. Multiplying the resulting value by 100 potential across an X-ray tube during an exposure, expressed in
gives percent attenuation. kilovolts.
3.1.7 exposure, nfor radiological purposes, the amount of
ionization in air at standard conditions caused by interaction
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on with X-rays, expressed in units of Roentgen (R) or milliroent-
Protective Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.70 on
Radiological Hazards.
gen (mR).
Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. 3.1.8 wave form ripple, nfor radiological purposes, the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or peak-to-peak variation in the output voltage of the X-ray
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM generator.
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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