Science F3 Chapter 8 Generation of Electricity 4.

4. (a) One watt is the power of using one joule of energy per second Apparatus Name Function
(b) Watt = ampere x volt X Mai fuse Controls the amount of current that
Paper 2 Answers (c) 4.17 A flows into the house. It will break the
(d) The power (wattage) of the appliance and the length of time it is circuit if the current exceeds a safe
Fajar Bakti used value
1. (a) It Is used to change the volrage of an alternating current Y (ELCB) Earth Prevents electric shocks and fire from a
(b) The laminated soft iron core reduces the loss of electrical energy in Section B Leakage short circuit. It will cut off the electrical
the core 5. (a) i. Constant variable: 2V a.c input Circuit supply if a short circuit occurs.
(c) A step-up transformer Manipulated variable: the number of turns in the primary coil Breaker
(d) the alternating current produces a changing magnetic field which and the secondary coil
will induce current in the secondary coil of the transformer Responding variable: output voltage (b) Current, I = 480/240 = 2A
ii.  The output voltage is higher than the input voltage when the
2. (a) A parallel circuit secondary coil has more turns of wire than the primary coil
(b) X – green with yellow stripes  The output voltage is less than that input voltage when the PEP Topical Test 7
Y – blue secondary coil has fewer turns of wire than the primary coil Section A
Z – brown (b) soft iron 1. (a)
(c) Wire Z is the live wire. The fuse is connected to the live wire for (c) The output of voltage is increased by four times Decrease the output voltage of Increase the output voltage of
safety reasons. Output voltage = 2 X 4 = 8V an alternating current an alternating current
(d) The current that flows through socket P is: 1500/240 = 6.25A (d) X: step-up transformer Output voltage is lower than Output voltage is higher than
The current that flows through socket Q is: 1000/240 = 4.17A Y: step-down transformer input voltage input voltage
The current that flows through socket R is: 600/240 = 2.5A (e) A transformer can be used to step up or step down the voltage of More turns at primary coil More turns at secondary coil
The total current that flows through the fuse is 12.92A an alternating current. (b) (i) Step-down transformer
Therefore the 15A fuse will not melt. (ii) Output voltage = 20V

3. (a) Current, I = P / V = 140/240 = 0.58A Ilmu Bakti 2. (a) The National Grid Network
(b) 2 A 1. (a) Left: Primary coil Right: Secondary coil (b ) T: Step-up transformer
(c) Energy used = 180/1000 X 3 X 30 kWh (b) (i) Step-up transformer W: Step-down transformer
Cost = 180/1000 X 3 X 30 X 20 cent = RM3.24 (ii) The secondary coil has more turns than the primary coil
(c) A high voltage flowing through the cables reduces the amount of
(c) Graph: output voltage is directly proportional to input voltage energy lost in the form of heat during transmission of electricity
Sasbadi (d) Output voltage = 16V
Section A Section B
1. (a) Falling water 2. (a) (i) Fuse 3. (a) (i) 1. Coal 2. Natural Gas
(b) Potential energy  kinetic energy  electrical energy (ii) To break the circuit when excess current flows through it
(ii)
(c) A hydroelectric station does not cause air pollution (b) (i) Brown
(d) For controlling floods (ii) Blue
K, L, M, N
Renewable source Type of energy Non-renewable
2. (a) Step-up transformer 3. (a) (i) Thermal generator, hydroelectric generator
of energy source source of energy
(b) 4800 turns of wire (ii) Hydroelectric generator: Potential Energy  Kinetic Energy 
L, N Generators K, M
(c) To reduce the loss of energy in the form of heat Electrical Energy
(d) Q: Switch zone (b) By using high voltages, low current can be used for transmission.
This will reduce energy loss through heat during the transmission (b) 1. Loss of habitat of flora and fauna
R: Main substation 2. High cost
(e) It connects all the main power station so that if one power station (c)
(c) 1. Thermal power station
stops work, its place can be taken over by another station Component Name of component Function
2. Hydroelectric power station
P Step-up transformer To raise the volrage for
3. (a) X: Earth wire transmission
Y: Neutral wire Q National Grid Network To connect power stations
Z: Live wire at different places
(b) To carry leakage current from an appliance to the earth together
(c) i. Live wire
ii. It protects the appliance from being damaged by excess current 4. (a)

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