1

Li ni u

Financial Accounting (K ton ti chnh F3) c mnh danh l mn hc nhp mn
c rt nhiu sinh vin cng nh ngi i lm la chn theo hc trn con ng theo
ui ACCA. c bit, kin thc trong mn F3 lun chim mt phn kh ln trong thi
tuyn vo cc cng ty BIG4 hay bt k cng ty k ton, kim ton no khc trong cc t
tuyn dng.
Mn hc ny gip hc vin am hiu v nm vng cc nguyn l, cc khi nim cn bn
lin quan n k ton ti chnh, cc khon mc quan trng trn Bo co Ti chnh (BCTC).
Ngoi ra, hc vin c th s dng thnh tho k nng ghi chp k ton bng h thng
bt ton kp, cng nh lp bo co ti chnh n gin.
Cun Case Study F3 ACCA 14 Dng Bi Tp Thng Gp s cung cp nhng case study
c bn nhng quan trng nht trong mn hc ny. Ni dung sch bao gm cc case
study thc t trong cng vic ( c SAPP gim thiu ni dung ph hp vi i
tng hc) cung cp cc khon mc, quan trng trn BCTC: hng tn kho, ti sn hu
hnh, ti sn v hnh, cc khon d phng, chi ph tr trc, chi ph trch trc, ghi nhn
doanh thu, s kin sau ngy bo co...
Cun sch c bit hu ch cho nhng bn ang trong qu trnh hc F3, cc bn hc
xong mn hc ny vn c th s dng nh mt ngun ti liu hu ch r sot li kin
thc hc.

SAPP Academy chc cc bn thnh cng!

Mc lc

Contents
Discount ........................................................................................................................ 9
Inventory ..................................................................................................................... 11
Tangible non current asset ...................................................................................... 15
Question 1: Tangible non current asset (Initial recognition) .............................. 15
Question 2: Tangible non current asset (Revaluation surplus) ........................... 17
Question 3: Depreciation (Change in useful life) ................................................... 19
Intangible non current asset ................................................................................... 21
Accrual and Prepayment ............................................................................................ 25
Question 1: Accrual and Prepayment ..................................................................... 25
Question 2: Accrual and Prepayment ..................................................................... 26
Allowance for receivable ............................................................................................ 28
Question 1: Allowance for receivables ................................................................... 28
Question 2: Allowance for receivables ................................................................... 30
Contingency and Provision ......................................................................................... 34
Bonus and Right issue ................................................................................................. 36
Events after reporting period ..................................................................................... 40
Question 1: Events after reporting period .............................................................. 40
Question 2: Events after reporting period .............................................................. 42
Sale recognition .......................................................................................................... 44
Cash Flow .................................................................................................................... 46
Question 1: Cash flow (The effect of AR, AP, Inventory) ....................................... 46
Question 2: Cash flow (Investing activities) ........................................................... 48
Unrelized Profit ........................................................................................................... 52
Goodwill ...................................................................................................................... 54
Financial ratios ............................................................................................................ 56

Page | 8

Discount
Question 1: Discount
Eve, a clothing manufacturing enterprise, had a balance at the bank of $2,700 at the
start of the month. During the following month, it paid for materials invoiced at $2,000
less trade discount 10% and cash discount of 5%. It received a cheque from a customer
in respect of an invoice for $200, subject to cash discount of 5%.
What was the balance at the bank at the end of the month?

Answer:
Firstly, we must be aware that, cash discount will be calculated based on price after
deducting the trade discount.
The payment of the company during the month:
$
Payment 2,000
Less trade discount (=2000 * 10%) (200)
Less cash discount (=1800 * 5%) (90)
1,710

The receipt of the company during the month:
$
Receipt 200
Less cash discount (=200 * 5%) (10)
190

So, the closing bank balance is:
$
Opening bank balance 2,700
Payment (1,710)
Receipt 190
Closing bank balance 1,180

Page | 9
Bi tp 1: Chit khu
Eve, mt cng ty sn xut may mc, c s d u k ti ngn hng l 2.700$. Trong
thng, cng ty tr ha n nguyn vt liu l 2.000$, trong chit khu thng mi
c hng l 10% v chit khu thanh ton c hng l 5%. Cng ty cng nhn
c mt phiu sc t khch hng cho ha n 200$, c hng chit khu thanh
ton l 5%.
Hi s d cui k ti ngn hng ca cng ty l bao nhiu?

p n:
u tin, chit khu thanh ton s c tnh ton da vo gi sau khi tr i chit
khu thng mi.
Khon thanh ton ca cng ty trong thng:
$
Thanh ton 2.000
Tr chit khu thng mi (=2000 * 10%) (200)
Tr chit khu thanh ton (=1800 * 5%) (90)
1.710

Khon nhn c ca cng ty trong thng:
$
Nhn c 200
Tr chit khu thanh ton (=200 * 5%) (10)
190

Do , s d cui k s l:
$
S d u k 2.700
Thanh ton (1.710)
Nhn c 190
S d cui k 1.180

Page | 10

Inventory
Question 1: Inventory
The closing inventory at cost of Vinaskirt at 31/01/20X3 amounted to $300,700.
The following items were included at cost in the total:
1. 400 hats, which had cost $50 each and normally sold for $80 each. Owing to a
defect in manufacture, they were all sold after the reporting date at 50% of
their normal price. Selling expenses amounted to 5% of the proceeds.
2. 800 skirts, which had cost $20 each. These too were found to be defective.
Remedial work in February 20X3 cost $5 per skirt, and selling expenses for the
batch totaled $800. They were sold for $30 each.
What should the inventory value be according to IAS 2 Inventories after considering
the above items?

Answer:
IAS 2 states that inventory should be valued at the lower of cost and Net realisable
value
1. The cost of inventories will consist of all the following costs:
a) Purchase;
b) Costs of conversion;
c) Other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and
condition.
In there:
The standard lists the following as comprising the costs of purchase of inventories:
- Purchase price;
- Import duties and other taxes;
- Transport, handling and any other cost directly attributable to the acquisition
of finished goods, services and materials;
- Less any trade discounts, rebates and other similar amounts.

Costs of conversion of inventories consist of two main parts:
- Costs directly related to the units of production, eg direct materials, direct
labour;
- Fixed and variable production overheads that are incurred in converting
materials into finished goods, allocated on a systematic basis.

Page | 11
2. Net realisable value (NRV)
NRV is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the
estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
$
1. Original value 300,700
2. Hats a, Cost 400 * $50 (20,000)
b, NRV ($40 * 95%) * 400 15,200
3. Inventory value (1) - (2a) + (2b) 295,900

At 31/01/20X3 the skirts were correctly valued at costs incurred to date of $20 per
skirt which was lower than the NRV of $24 each. Therefore, no adjustment required.

Page | 12

Bi tp 1: Bi tp v hng tn kho
Gi tr hng tn kho cui k ca doanh nghip Vinaskirt vo ngy 31/1/20X3 l
300.700$ v bao gm nhng mt hng sau:
1. 400 m, gi gc 50$/chic v c bn 80$/chic. Do b li trong sn xut nn
sau ngy bo co chng c bn vi gi bng 50% gi bn thng thng. Chi
ph bn hng chim 5% tng doanh thu.
2. 800 vy, gi gc 20$/chic v cng c pht hin l c li. Cng vic khc
phc li vo thng 2 nm 20X3 c chi ph l 5$/chic, chi ph bn hng cho
ton b s lng sn phm li l 800$. Sau Chng c bn vi gi l
30$/chic.
Theo Chun mc K ton Quc t s 02 (IAS 02) v Hng tn kho, sau khi xem xt
nhng trng hp trn th hng tn kho nn c ghi nhn vi gi tr l bao nhiu?

p n:
Chun mc IAS 02 quy nh rng, hng tn kho c nh gi ti gi tr thp hn
gia gi gc v gi tr thun c th thc hin c.
1. Gi gc hng tn kho s bao gm cc chi ph sau:
a) Chi ph mua hng;
b) Chi ph chuyn i;
c) Cc chi ph pht sinh trong vic a hng tn kho n v tr v iu kin hin
ti.
Trong :
Chi ph mua hng s bao gm:
- Gi mua;
- Thu nhp khu v cc loi thu khc;
- Chi ph vn chuyn, bc d v cc chi ph khc lin quan trc tip n vic
mua; sn phm, dch v, nguyn vt liu;
- Tr i cc khon gim tr, gim gi hoc cc khon tng t.

Chi ph chuyn i hng tn kho bao gm hai phn chnh:
- Chi ph lin quan trc tip n cc n v sn xut, v d nh nguyn vt liu,
nhn cng trc tip;
- Chi ph sn xut gin tip, bao gm chi ph c nh v bin i, pht sinh trong
qu trnh chuyn i nguyn vt liu thnh thnh phm, trn mt c s c h
thng.

Page | 13
2. Gi tr thun c th thc hin c (NRV)
NRV l gi bn c tnh trong qu trnh kinh doanh thng thng tr i chi ph hon
thnh c tnh v chi ph bn hng c tnh.

$
1. Gi tr gc 300.700
2. M a, Gi gc 400 * $50 (20.000)
b, NRV ($40 * 95%) * 400 15.200
3. Gi tr hng tn kho (1) - (2a) + (2b) 295.900

Vo ngy 31/1/20X3, nhng chic vy c ghi nhn ng, v so vi nhng chi ph
pht sinh th gi gc 20$/chic vn thp hn NRV l 24$/chic. Do , trng hp
ny khng cn iu chnh.

Page | 14

Tangible non current asset
Question 1: Tangible non current asset (Initial recognition)
Long, a steel manufacturing company, is installing a new plant at its production facility.
It has incurred these costs (in USD):
1. Cost of plant 2,000,000
2. Initial delivery and handing costs 160,000

3. Cost of site preparation 100,000

4. Staff training cost 120,000
5. Estimated dismantling costs to be incurred after 5 years 20,000
6. Professional fees 40,000
Please advice Long Co on the costs that can be capitalized in accordance with IAS 16.

Answer:
Following the IAS 16, the initial measurement of PPE (plant, property, equipment)
1. Purchase price, including any import duties paid, but excluding any trade
discount and sales tax paid
2. Cost of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is
located
3. Directly attributable costs:
- The cost of site preparation;
- Initial delivery and assembly costs;
- Professional fees (Lawyers, architects, engineers );
- Cost of testing the machine;
- Other.
And the components that can not be a part of the cost of PPE:
- Administration and other general overhead costs;
- Staff training cost;
- Maintenance contracts purchased with the asset;
- Other.
So the cost that can be capitalized is (1) + (2) + (3) + (5) + (6) = $2,320,000

Page | 15
Bi tp 1: Ti sn c nh hu hnh (Ghi nhn ban u)
Long, mt cng ty chuyn sn xut thp ang tin hnh xy dng mt nh my. Cng
ty c nhng chi ph pht sinh sau: (n v: USD)
1. Gi gc nh my 2.000.000
2. Chi ph vn chuyn v bc d 160.000
3. Chi ph chun b mt bng 100.000
4. Chi ph o to nhn vin 120.000
5. Chi ph gii phng mt bng c tnh sau 5 nm 20.000
6. Chi ph chuyn gia 40.000

Hy t vn cho cng ty nhng chi ph no s c vn ha theo chun mc IAS s 16.

p n:
Theo chun mc IAS s 16, nhng ghi nhn ban u ca PPE (nh my, ti sn, thit
b)
1. Gi mua, bao gm thu nhp khu, nhng khng bao gm chit khu thng
mi v thu mua hng
2. Chi ph gii phng mt bng, di chuyn nhng vt dng khc, thit lp li v tr
m n c xy dng
3. Chi ph trc tip c th tnh vo:
- Chi ph chun b mt bng;
- Chi ph lp rp v vn chuyn;
- Ph chuyn gia (Lut s, kin trc s, k s );
- Chi ph kim tra my mc;
- Khc.
V nhng thnh phn khng c tnh vo gi gc ca PPE:
- Chi ph qun l v nhng chi ph gin tip chung khc;
- Chi ph o to nhn vin;
- Hp ng bo dng c mua cng vi ti sn;
- Khc.
Do nhng chi ph c th vn ha l (1) + (2) + (3) + (5) + (6) = 2.320.000$

Page | 16

Question 2: Tangible non current asset (Revaluation surplus)
Nam Son, a construction joint stock company, purchased a building on 30/06/20X8 for
$1,500,000. At acquisition, the useful life of the building was 50 years. Depreciation is
calculated on the straight line basis. 15 years later, on 30/06/20Z3 when the carrying
amount of the building was $1,050,000, the building was revalued to $1,575,000. Pooh
Co has a policy of transferring the excess depreciation on revaluation from the
revaluation surplus to retained earnings.
Assuming no further revaluations take place, what is the balance on the revaluation at
30/06/20Z4?

Answer:
The building situation at that date of 30/06/20Z3:
$
The revaluation 1,575,000
The carrying amount (1,050,000)
The revaluation surplus 525,000

Because the company use the straight-line method to calculate the depreciation, so
the depreciation each year as follow:
$
The new depreciation (=$1,575,000/35 years) 45,000
The old depreciation (=$1,500,000/50 years) (30,000)
The excess depreciation 15,000

According the companys policy, the balance of account Revaluation surplus in
30/06/20Z4 will be: $525,000 - $15,000 = $510,000.

Page | 17
Bi tp 2: Ti sn di hn
Cng ty c phn xy dng Nam Sn mua mt to nh vo ngy 30/06/20X8 vi gi
1.500.000$. Thi gian s dng hu ch ca ta nh l 50 nm v hu hao c tnh
theo phng php ng thng. Sau 15 nm, vo ngy 30/06/20Z3 khi gi tr cn li
ca to nh l 1.050.000$, ta nh c nh gi li l 1.575.000$. Cng ty c chnh
sch chuyn phn khu khao vt qu ti khon chnh lch do nh gi li ti sn
sang ti khon li nhun gi li.
Gi s rng khng c s nh gi li no na, s d ca ti khon Qu chnh lch do
nh gi li ti sn vo ngy 30/06/20Z4 l bao nhiu?

p n:
Tnh hnh ta nh vo ngy 30/06/20Z3:
$
nh gi li 1.575.000
Gi tr cn li (1.050.000)
Khon chnh lch do nh gi li 525.000

Cng ty s dng phng php tnh khu hao theo ng thng nn khu hao mi nm
s c tnh ton nh sau:
$
Khu hao mi (=1.575.000$/35 nm) 45.000
Khu hao c (=1.500.000$/50 nm) (30.000)
Khu hao vt qu 15.000

Theo chnh sch ca cng ty, s d ti khon Qu chnh lch do nh gi li ti sn
vo ngy 30/06/20X7 s l: 525.000$ - 15.000$ = 510.000$.

Page | 18

Question 3: Depreciation (Change in useful life)
Bitex, a construction company, purchased a truck for $1,000,000 on 01/01/X1. It had
an estimated useful life of 04 years and it was depreciated using the straight-line
method. On 01/01/X3, Bitex revised the remaining estimated useful life to 08 years.
What is the carrying amount of the truck at 31/12/X3?

Answer:
$
Cost 1,000,000
Depreciation from 01/01/X2 to 01/01/X3 (=1,000,000 * 2/4) (500,000)
The carrying amount at 01/01/X3 500,000

New depreciation charge = Carrying amount/Revised useful life
= $500,000/8 years
= $62,500

Carrying amount at 31/12/X3 = $500,000 - $62,500
= $437,500

Page | 19
Bi tp 3: Khu hao (Thay i thi gian s dng hu ch)
Bitex, mt cng ty v xy dng, mua mt chic xe ti gi 1.000.000$ vo ngy
01/01/X1. Cng ty xc nh thi gian s dng hu ch l 4 nm v s dng phng
php tnh khu hao theo ng thng. Vo ngy 01/01/X3, cng ty xem xt li thi
gian s dng hu ch l 8 nm.
Gi tr cn li ca chic xe vo ngy 31/12/X3 l bao nhiu?

p n:
$
Nguyn gi 1.000.000
Khu hao t ngy 01/01/X1 n ngy 01/01/X3 (=1.000.000 * 2/4) (500.000)
Gi tr cn li vo ngy 01/01/X3 500.000

Khu hao mi = Gi tr cn li/S nm s dng hu ch
= 500.000$/8 nm
= 62.500$

Gi tr cn li vo ngy 31/12/X3 = 500.000$ - 62.500$

= 437.500$

Page | 20

Intangible non current asset
Question 1: Intangible non current asset
The following balances existed in the accounting records of SAPP Academy, at
31/12/20X7.
$000
Development costs capitalized, 01/01/20X7 190
Research and development expenditure for the year 160

In preparing the companys statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive
income and statement of financial position at 31/12/20X7 the further information is
relevant.
a) The $190,000 total for development costs as at 01/01/20X7 relates to two
projects:
$000
Project A: completed project 82
(balance being amortized over the period expected to benefit it
Amount to be amortized in 20X7: $20,000)
Project B: in progress 108
190
b) The research and development expenditure for the year is made up of:
$000
Research and expenditure 95
Development costs on project which continues to satisfy 65
the requirement in IAS 38 for capitalization
160

According to IAS 38 Intangible assets, what amount should be disclosed as an
intangible asset in the statement of financial position for the year end 31/12/20X7?

Page | 21
Answer:
According to IAS 38:
Research is original and planned investigation undertaken with the prospect of gaining
new scientific or technical knowledge and understanding. Research costs should be
recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred. They
should not be recognised as an asset in a later period.
Development is the application of research findings or other knowledge to a plan or
design for the production of new or substantially improved materials, devices,
products, processes, systems or services prior to the commencement of commercial
production or use. Development expenditure must be recognised as an intangible
asset (sometimes called 'deferred development expenditure') if, and only if, the
business can demonstrate that all of the criteria in IAS 38 have been met.
In the above question, with the account Tangible non current asset, the opening
balance is $190,000, with the amortization is $20,000. During the period, the bonus
development expenditure is $65,000 from project B (eligible for capitalization); the
research expenditure is $95,000, will not be recorded as Intangible non current asset.

Development costs
$ $
B/f 190,000 20,000 Amortization
Addition on project B 65,000 235,000 C/f
255,000 255,000

Page | 22

Bi tp 1: Ti sn v hnh
Trong bn ghi chp k ton ca SAPP Academy ngy 31/12/20X7 c nhng s d sau
y:
$000
Chi ph pht trin c vn ha ngy 01/01/20X7 190
Chi ph nghin cu v pht trin trong nm 160

Khi chun b bo co kt qu kinh doanh v bng cn i k ton vo ngy 31/12/20X7,
nhng thng tin thm sau c lin quan.
a) Tng chi ph pht trin 190.000$ vo ngy 01/01/20X7 lin quan n 2 d n:
$000
D n A: hon thnh 82
(Hao mn nm 20X7: 20.000$)
D n B: d dang 108
190

b) Chi ph nghin cu v pht trin trong nm pht sinh t
$000
Chi ph nghin cu 95
Chi ph pht trin ca d n B tha mn 65
iu kin vn ha theo chun mc IAS 38
160

Theo chun mc IAS s 38 v Ti sn v hnh, s liu no s c ghi nhn l ti sn
v hnh trong bng cn i k ton kt thc nm vo ngy 31/12/20X7?

Page | 23

p n:
Theo chun mc IAS s 38:
Hot ng nghin cu l hot ng iu tra ban u v c ln k hoch nhm
t c nhng hiu bit v khoa hc, k thut. Chi ph nghin cu c ghi nhn
nh mt khon chi ph pht sinh trong k v khng c ghi nhn l Ti sn trong k
sau.
Hot ng pht trin l p dng cc kt qu ca qu trnh nghin cu hoc cc kin
thc khc sn xut vt liu, thit b, sn phm, quy trnh, h thng, dch v, trc
khi bt u sn xut thng mi hoc s dng mang li gi tr kinh t trong tng
lai cho doanh nghip. Chi ph pht trin phi c ghi nhn nh mt ti sn v hnh
(i khi gi l chi ph pht trin d dang), khi v ch khi doanh nghip chng minh
c rng tt c iu kin vn ha theo IAS s 38 c tha mn.
Trong cu hi trn, s d u k ca ti khon Ti sn v hnh l 190.000$, vi hao
mn 20.000$. Trong k, phn chi ph pht trin thm t d n B l 65.000$; chi ph
pht trin l 95.000$ s khng c ghi nhn l Ti sn v hnh.


Ti sn v hnh
$ $
u k 190.000 20.000 Hao mn
Phn thm t d n B 65.000 235.000 Cui k
255.000 255.000

Page | 24

Accrual and Prepayment
Question 1: Accrual and Prepayment
During 20X6, Bingo, a limited liability company about education services, paid a total
of $90,000 for rent, covering the period from 01/10/20X5 to 31/03/20X7.
What figure should appear in the companys financial statements for the year ended
31/12/20X6?

Answer:
$90,000 for rent, covering the period of 18 months, including 03 months of 20X5, full
year of 20X6 and 03 months of 20X7.
So in the statement of profit or loss in 20X6, the expense for rent is:
$90,000 * 12/18 = $60,000
In the statement of financial position, the prepayment covering 03 months of 20X7 will
be classified as Asset, valuing:
$90,000 * 3/18 = $15,000

Bi tp 1: Chi ph trch trc v chi ph tr trc
Trong nm 20X6, Bingo, mt cng ty trch nhim hu hn chuyn cung cp cc dch
v gio dc, thanh ton tng cng 90.000$ cho vic thu nh, cho thi gian bt u
t ngy 01/10/20X5 n ngy 31/03/20X7.
S liu no s xut hin trn bo co ti chnh ca cng ty cho nm kt thc vo ngy
31/12/20X6?

p n:
90.000$ tin thu cho thi hn 18 thng bao gm 03 thng ca nm 20X5, 12 thng
ca nm 20X6 v 03 thng ca nm 20X7.
Do , trn bo co kt qu kinh doanh nm 20X6, khon chi ph thu nh s l:
90.000$ * 12/18 = 60.000$
Trn bng cn i k ton, khon chi ph tr trc cho 3 thng nm 20X7 s c phn
loi bn danh mc Ti sn, vi gi tr l:
90.000$ * 3/18 = 15.000

Page | 25
Question 2: Accrual and Prepayment
House4rent, a limited liability company, receives rent for subletting part of its office
premises to a number of tenants.
In the year end in 31/12/20X1, House4rent Co received cash of $400,000 from its
tenants.
Detail of rent in advance and in arrears at the beginning and end of 20X1 are as follows:
31/12
20X1 20X0
Rent received in advance $18,400 $14,600
Rent owing by tenants $8,300 $6,900

All rent owing was subsequently received
What figure for rental income should be included in the statement of profit or loss of
House4rent for 20X1?

Answer:
Rent received in advance, for example in 31/12/20X1, means that House4rent only
receives in advance, this money is not an expense incurred in 20X1 (It will be paid for
the rent of 20X2)
Rent owing to tenants is inverse, for example in 31/12/20X1, this money is charged for
the rent expenses incurred in 20X1, but the customer still does not pay.

Rental income account
$ $
Opening rent owing 6,900 14,600 Opening rent in advance
Rent income (balance figure) 397,600 400,000 Cash received
Closing rent in advance 18,400 8,300 Closing rent owing
422,900 422,900

Page | 26

Bi tp 2: Chi ph trch trc v chi ph tr trc
Cng ty trch nhim hu hn House4rent, c thu nhp t vic cho thu mt phn vn
phng ca mnh t nhng ngi i thu.
Trong nm kt thc vo ngy 31/12/20X1, House4rent nhn c 400.000$ t khch
hng ca mnh.
Chi tit ca nhng khon tin thu tr trc v tr sau vo u v cui nm 20X1 nh
sau:

31/12
20X1 20X0
Tin thu nhn trc 18.400$ 14.600$
Tin khch hng n 8.300$ 6.900$

Tt c nhng khon tin khch hng n, cng ty s c nhn li sau.
Thu nhp t vic cho thu nh s c gi tr bao nhiu trn bo co kt qu kinh doanh
ca House4 rent nm 20X1?

p n:
Tin thu nh nhn trc, v d nh trong ngy 31/12/20X1, c ngha House4rent ch
nhn trc, khng phi l chi ph pht sinh trong nm 20X1 (N c th c tr
cho chi ph nm 20X2)
Tin khch hng n th ngc li, v d nh trong ngy 31/12/20X1, khon tin tnh
cho chi ph thu nh nm 20X1, nhng khch hng vn cha thanh ton.

Thu nhp t vic thu vn phng
$ $
Tin khch hng n u k 6.900 14.600 Tin thu tr trc u k
Thu nhp t vic cho thu 397.600 400.000 Tin nhn
Tin thu tr trc cui k 18.400 8.300 Tin khch hng n cui
k
422.900 422.900

Page | 27
Allowance for receivable
Question 1: Allowance for receivables
VinaCom Investment and Trading JSC operates in trading high-end flats in Green City.
VinaCom had the following balances in its trial balance at 30 June 20X1.
Items $
Trade receivables 70.000
Irrecoverable debts expenses 500
Allowance for receivables at 01/07/20X0 5.000
VinaCom wishes to carry forward at 30/06/20X1 an allowance equal to 10% of trade
receivables.
What is the irrecoverable debts figure in the statement of profit and loss for the
12-month reporting period ended 30/06/20X1?

Answer:
$
1. Allowance for the year ended 30/06/20X1 (10% * 70.000) 7.000
2. Allowance for the year ended 30/06/20X0 (5.000)
3. Additional expenses recognized (1)-(2) 2.000
4. Bad debt expenses 500
5. Total expenses recorded (3)+(4) 2.500

Page | 28

Bi tp 1: Bi tp v d phng phi thu kh i
Cng ty C phn u t Thng mi VinaCom hot ng trong lnh vc mua bn cc
cn h chung c cao cp trn a bn thnh ph Green City. Ti ngy 30 thng 6 nm
20X1, VinaCom c cc s d sau trn bng cn i th (Trial Balance):
Khon mc $
Phi thu thng mi t hot ng bn nh 70.000
Chi ph n xu 500
D phng cho n phi thu kh i 01/07/20X0 5.000

Da vo cc thng tin hin ti, VinaCom cho rng s d ca d phng cho n phi thu
kh i nn l 10% tnh trn s d khon phi thu thng mi ti 30/06/20X1.
Tnh chi ph n xu c ghi nhn trn bo co thu nhp ca VinaCom cho nm ti
chnh k thc ti ngy 30/06/20X1.

p n:
$
1. Chi ph d phng n phi thu kh i nm ti chnh kt thc 7.000
30/06/20X1 (10% * 70.000)
2. Chi ph d phng n phi thu kh i ti nm ti chnh kt thc (5.000)
30/06/20X0
3. Chi ph ghi nhn thm nm nay (1)-(2) 2.000
4. Chi ph n xu 500
5. Tng chi ph ghi nhn thm (3)+(4) 2.500

Page | 29
Question 2: Allowance for receivables
At 31/12/20X7, SAPPs trade receivables totaled $900,000. SAPP knew that Ms. Hoa
who is involved in a litigation and potentially bankrupt, and SAPP decided to make the
allowance 70% for her debts, it originally valued $10,000. According to SAPPs policy,
it will adjust the allowance for receivables to the equivalent of 5% of the receivables.
At that date, Ms. Hien, whose debt were previously written off last year, paid $15,000.
What figures will be appeared in the statement of financial position (SOFP) for trade
receivables (after deducting the allowance) and in the financial statement of profit or
loss (SOPL) for receivables expense?

Answer:
The allowance of bad debts is divided to Specific Allowance and General Allowance.
Ms. Hoas debts is an example of specific allowance, when it is applied for only Ms.
Hoa.
And the 5% of the receivables above is made as the General allowance for the rest of
Receivables after deducting the Specific Allowance.
$
Total receivables 900,000
Specific allowance (=10,000 * 70%) (7,000)
893,000
General allowance (=893,000 * 5%) (44,650)
Net receivable in the SOFP 848,350

Both the Specific and General Allowance will be recorded as:
DR Irrecoverable debts expense (SOPL)
CR Receivables account (SOFP)
And when a customer whose debts were previously written off and subsequently paid
in this period, the company will be recorded:

DR Cash account
CR Irrecoverable debts expense (SOPL)

Page | 30

So, the figure in the SOPL will be:


Irrecoverable debts expense
$ $
Specific allowance 7,000 15,000 Subsequently paid
General allowance 44,650 36,650 C/f
51,650 51,650

Note: The difference between IFRS and VAS when recording the debts which were
previously written off and subsequently paid in this period (paid in full or in part).
IFRS:
DR Cash account
CR Irrecoverable debts expense (SOPL)

VAS:
DR Cash account
CR Other income (SOPL)

Page | 31
Bi tp 2: D phng khon phi thu kh i
Vo ngy 31/12/20X7, tng s khon phi thu ca SAPP l 900.000$. SAPP bit rng
b Hoa ang dnh dng vo mt v kin tng v c kh nng ph sn trong tng lai
nn quyt nh lp d phng 70% cho khon phi thu ny, gi tr ca khon thu l
10.000$. Theo chnh sch lp d phong, mc d phng chung c t ra l 5% trn
tng s khon phi thu. Vo ngy lp BCTC, b Hin tr li 15.000$, s n ca b
ny c cng ty xa s vo nm trc.
S liu khon phi thu trn Bng cn i k ton (BCKT) v chi ph khon d phng
trn Bo co kt qu kinh doanh (BCKQKD) ca cng ty l bao nhiu?

p n:
Khon d phng n phi thu c chia thnh 2 loi: d phng chi tit v d phng
chung. Khon n ca b Hoa l mt v d ca d phng chi tit, khi n ch c p
dng cho b Hoa.
V khon d phng 5% s c lp nh mt khon d phng chung cho phn cn li
ca khon phi thu, sau khi tr i khon D phng chi tit.
$
Tng khon phi thu 900.000
D phng chi tit (=10.000 * 70%) (7.000)
893.000
D phng chung (=893.000 * 5%) (44.650)
Khon phi thu trn BCKT 848.350

C khon d phng chung v d phng chi tit s c ghi nhn:
N TK Chi ph n xu (BCKQKD)
C TK Ti khon phi thu (BCKT)

Khi khch hng tr li tin m cng ty xa s khon phi thu ca khch hng , ghi
nhn:
N TK Tin
C TK Chi ph n xu (BCKQKD)

Page | 32

Do , trn BCKQKD, ti khon Chi ph n xu s l:

Chi ph n xu
$ $
D phng chi tit 7000 15.000 Khon c tr t B Hin
D phng chung 44.650 36.650 Chi ph n xu
51.650 51.650

Ch : S khc bit gia IFRS v VAS trong vic ghi nhn khon phi thu c xa
s, nhng k ny khch hng tr tin (tr ht hoc mt phn).
IFRS:
N TK Tin
C TK Chi ph n xu (BCKQKD)

VAS:
N TK Tin
C TK Doanh thu khc (BCKQKD)

Page | 33
Contingency and Provision
Question 1: Provision and Contingencies
The following items have to be considered in finalizing the financial statements of A2Z,
an electronics retailer:
1. The company gives warranties on its products. The companys statistics show
that about 5% of sales give rise to a warranty claim.
2. The company has guaranteed the overdraft of another company. The likelihood
of a liability arising under the guarantee is assessed as possible.
According to IAS 37 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets, what is the
correct action to be taken in the financial statements for these items? (Create
provision, disclose by note or no action)

Answer:
In the case 1, a provision is required for the warranties sold and it should be calculated
using the expected value approach.
In the case 2, it is a contingent liability because it is possible that the company will
have to pay out.
If it was significant, then a disclosure would be required.
If it was remote, no disclosure would be needed.

Page | 34

Bi tp 1: D phng v Tim tng
Nhng khon mc sau c cn nhc khi tin hnh lp bo co ti chnh ca A2Z, mt
nh bn l in t:
1. Cng ty bo hnh cho sn phm ca n. Nhng thng k ca cng ty ch ra rng
5% doanh thu ca cng ty s pht sinh yu cu v bo hnh.
2. Cng ty m bo vic thu chi cho mt cng ty khc. Kh nng pht sinh n phi
phi tr theo iu kin bo hnh c nh gi l c th xy ra.
Theo chun mc IAS s 37 v lp d phng, n tim tng v ti sn tim tng, u s
l cch gii quyt ng cho nhng khon mc trn? (Lp d phng, thuyt minh hoc
gi nguyn)

p n:
Trong trng hp th 1, mt khon d phng s c lp cho khon bo hnh v n
c th c tnh da vo vic s dng cch tip cn gi tr mong i.
Trong trng hp th 2, l mt khon n tim tng bi v n c kh nng rng
cng ty s phi thanh ton.
Nu nh hng trng yu, thuyt minh cn c a ra nhm cung cp thm thng
tin cho ngi c BCTC.
Nu kh nng xy ra rt thp, khng cn phi thuyt minh trn BCTC.

Page | 35
Bonus and Right issue
Question 1: Bonus issue and Right issue
At 30/04/20X6 the capital and reserves of Mail Service, a limited liability company,
were:
$
Share capital
Ordinary share of $1 each 150
Share premium account 100

During the year ended 30/04/20X7, the following transactions took place:
01/12/20X6 A bonus issue of one ordinary share for every three held, using the
share premium account
01/02/20X7 A fully subscribed rights issue of two ordinary share for every five held
at that date, at $1.7 per share

What would the balance of each accounts be at 30/04/20X7?

Answer:
At 30/04/20X6, the number of share held by Mail Service is 150 ($150: $1 each)
So the number of bonus issue at 01/12/20X6 is 150: 3 = 50 (shares)
DR Premium account: $50
CR Ordinary share: $50

At 01/02/2017, the number of share held by Mail Service is 150 + 50 = 200 (shares)
So the number of right issue at 01/02/20X7 is 200 *2/5 = 80 (shares)

DR Cash (80 * $1,7) $136
CR Ordinary share (80 * $1) $80
CR Premium account (80 * 0.7) $56

Page | 36

So, the balance at 30/04/20X7:

Ordinary share
$ $
150 B/f
50 01/12/20X6
Balance c/f 280 80 01/02/20X7
280 280

Premium account
$ $
01/12/20X6
100 B/f
50
Balance c/f 106 56 01/02/20X7
156 156

Page | 37
Bi tp 1: Pht hnh c phiu, c phiu thng
Vo ngy 30/04/20X6, phn vn ca Mail Service, mt cng ty trch nhim hu hn,
bao gm:
$
C phiu
C phiu thng mnh gi $1/c phiu 150
Thng d do pht hnh c phiu cao hn mnh gi (Thng d vn c 100
phn)

Trong thi gian n 30/04/20X7 pht sinh nhng giao dch sau:
01/12/20X6 Pht hnh c phiu thng vi t l 1/3 so vi s c phiu ang nm
gi, s dng tin li c phiu
01/02/20X7 Pht hnh quyn mua c phiu vi t l 2/5 so vi s c phiu ang
nm gi, vi gi 1,7$/c phiu

Hi s d ca c phiu thng v tin li c phiu vo ngy 30/04/20X7 l bao nhiu?

p n:
Vo ngy 30/04/20X6, s c phiu m Mail Service ang nm gi l 150
Do s c phiu thng vo ngy 01/12/20X6 l 150: 3 = 50 (c phiu)
N TK Thng d vn c phn 50$
C TK C phiu thng 50$

Vo 01/02/20X7, s c phiu m Mail Service ang nm gi l 150 + 50 = 200 (c phiu)
Do quyn pht hnh c phiu vo ngy 01/02/20X7 l 200 * 2/5 = 80 (c phiu)

N TK Tin (80 * 1,7$) 136$
C TK C phiu thng (80 * 1$) 80$
C TK Tin li c phiu (80 * 0.7$) 56$

Page | 38

Do s d vn vo ngy 30/04/20X7 l:


C phiu thng
$ $
150 u k
50 01/12/20X6
Cui k 280 80 01/02/20X7
280 280

Thng d vn c phn
$ $
01/12/20X6 50 100 u k
Cui k 106 56 01/02/20X7
156 156

Page | 39
Events after reporting period
Question 1: Events after reporting period
The draft financial statement of SS, a big smart phone manufacturer in the industry,
are under consideration. The accounting treatment of the material events after the
reporting period needs to be determined:
1. The bankruptcy of a customer Annie, with the substantial debt outstanding
at the end of reporting period
2. Discovery of fraud or error affecting significantly the financial statement
3. Sale of inventory held at the end of reporting period for less than cost
4. A share issue for finance expansion

According to IAS 10 Events after reporting period, which of the above events require
an adjustment to the figures on the draft financial statement.

Answer:
According to IAS 10 Events after reporting period, adjusting event is an event after the
reporting period that provides further evidence of conditions that existed at the
reporting period.
In the event 1, customer Annie goes bankruptcy after the reporting period. Therefore,
the trade account receivable balance of customer A is not correctly reflected, it had
must be recorded uncollectable and deducted from the Receivable Account.
DR Expense
CR Receivable

In the event 2, if there is fraud or error, the accounting principles may be wrongly
applied. For example, if company bought a car with the payment $100,000, but the
accountant recorded the value of $10,000. Therefore, it will significantly affect the
financial statements.
Inventory should be valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value (NRV). But in
the event 3, Inventory was recorded with the higher of Cost and NRV, so the account
Inventory was not correctly reflected the real value at the reporting date.
In the event 4, the company will record the share issue at the date the share is issued,
and it will not affect the accounts in the financial statement at the reporting date.
From these cases, the company needs to make adjustment in event 1, 2 and 3.

Page | 40

Bi tp 1: Cc s kin sau ngy lp bo co ti chnh (BCTC)
SS, mt nh sn xut in thoi thng minh ln trong ngnh, ang xem xt li nhng
bn nhp BCTC. Cn phi xc nh cch x l ng n i vi nhng s kin trng yu
pht sinh sau ngy lp BCTC di y.
1. Khch hng Annie ph sn, vi s n tng i ln vo ngy lp BCTC
2. Pht hin gian ln v sai st khi lp BCTC
3. Gi bn hng tn kho ca ngy lp BCTC thp hn gi tr gc c ghi nhn
4. Pht hnh c phiu huy ng vn

Theo chun mc IAS 10 Cc s kin sau ngy lp BCTC, nhng s kin no cn c
iu chnh?

p n:
Theo chun mc IAS 10, cc s kin cn iu chnh khi n cung cp thm nhng bng
chng v trng thi ca mt s kin tn ti vo ngy lp BCTC.
Vi s kin th 1, khch hng Annie ph sn. Do , ti khon Phi thu i vi khch
hng A khng phn nh chnh xc, n phi c ghi nhn l N xu v c gim
tr vo ti khon Phi thu.
N TK Chi ph
C TK Phi thu

Vi s kin th 2, khi c gian ln hoc sai st, nhng nguyn tc k ton c th c
p dng sai. V d, khi cng ty mua 1 chic xe vi gi 100.000$, nhng k ton ch ghi
nhn gi tr 10.000$. Do , n s nh hng ng k n BCTC.
Hng tn kho c ghi nhn vi gi tr thp hn gia Gi gc v Gi tr thun c th
thc hin c (NRV). Nhng vi s kin th 3, hng tn kho c ghi nhn gi tr
cao hn gia Gi gc v NRV. Do ti khon Hng tn kho khng phn nh gi tr
tht vo ngy lp BCTC.
Vi s kin th 4, cng ty s ghi nhn c phiu vo ngy m c phiu c pht hnh.
Vic ny s khng nh hng n cc ti khon vo ngy lp BCTC.
Do vy, cng ty cn iu chnh s kin 1, 2 v 3.

Page | 41
Question 2: Events after reporting period
There are some events occur after the reporting date of IP, a limited liability company
about agricultural products. The accounting treatment of the material events after the
reporting period needs to be determined.
1. The insolvency of a customer with a balance outstanding at the year end
2. Major purchase of a non current asset
3. Evidence of permanent diminution in property value prior to the year end
4. Destruction of production plant by fire

According to IAS 10 Events after reporting period, which of the events are classified as
non adjusting?

Answer:
According to IAS 10 Events after reporting period, non - adjusting event is an event
after the reporting period that is indicative of a condition that arose after the end of
the reporting period.
In the event 2, it will represent the purchase of a non current asset at the current
period, not the condition that existed at the previous reporting period, so it is not
appropriate to adjust in the financial statement.
Similarly, with the event 4.
The event 1 and 3 will be classified as Adjusting events. Because these events stem
from the accounts which were existed in the financial statement at the reporting
period.
From these cases, the company needs to make non - adjustment in event 2 and 4.
Below are some cases that can be classified non adjusting event:
- Acquisition, or disposal, subsidiary after the reporting date;
- Announcement of a plan to discontinue the operation;
- Share transactions;
- Litigation commenced after the reporting date.

Page | 42

Bi tp 2: Cc s kin sau ngy lp bo co ti chnh (BCTC)
Di y l nhng s kin pht sinh sau ngy lp BCTC ca IP, mt cng ty trch nhim
hu hn chuyn v cc sn phm nng nghip.
Phi xc nh cch x l ng n i vi nhng s kin trng yu pht sinh sau ngy
lp BCTC di y:
1. Mt khch hng mua hng tn dng nhng mt kh nng thanh ton
2. Mua mi ti sn c nh
3. Bng chng v s gim gi tr ca ti sn trc ngy lp BCTC
4. Xy ra ha hon
Theo chun mc IAS 10 Cc s kin sau ngy lp BCTC, nhng s kin no khng cn
iu chnh?

p n:
Theo chun mc IAS 10, cc s kin khng cn iu chnh khi n du hiu l nhng s
kin pht sinh sau ngy lp BCTC v khng lin quan g n cc s kin ti ngy lp
BCTC.
Trong s kin th 2, cng ty s phn nh vic mua ti sn di hn vo chu k k ton
hin ti, khng phi l s kin tn ti vo ngy lp BCTC trc , do vy s l
khng ng khi iu chnh s kin ny.
Tng t vi s kin th 4.
S kin 1 v 3 s l nhng s kin cn iu chnh. V nhng s kin ny bt ngun t
nhng s kin tn ti vo ngy lp BCTC.
Do vy, cng ty khng cn iu chnh s kin 2 v 4.
Di y l mt s trng hp c phn loi vo s kin khng cn iu chnh:
- Mua bn, hoc thanh l, tr cp sau ngy lp BCTC;
- Thng bo k hoch ngng hot ng;
- Cc giao dch c phiu;
- Cc v tranh chp sau ngy lp BCTC.

Page | 43
Sale recognition
Question 1: Sales recognition
IAS 18 Revenue is concerned with the recognition of revenues arising from fairly
common transactions.
- The sale of goods;
- The rendering of services;
- The use by others of assets of the entity yielding interest, royalties and
dividends.
Under the circumstances, revenue might be recognized at the following stages of sale:
a) Goods are acquired by the business which it confidently expects to resell very
quickly
b) A customer places a firm order for the goods
c) The goods are delivered to the customer

Answer:
Revenue is generally recognized as earned at the point of sale, because at that point
four criteria will generally have been met.
a) The product or service has been provided for the buyer;
b) The buyer has recognized their liability to pay for the goods or services
provided. The converse of this is that the seller has recognized that ownership
of goods has passed from themselves to the buyer;
c) The buyer has indicated their willingness to hand over cash or other assets in
settlement of their liability.
In the case 1, a sale must never be recognized before the goods have even been
ordered by a customer. There is no certainty about the value of the sale, nor when it
will take place, even if it is virtually certain that goods will be sold.
In the case 2, a sale must never be recognized when the customer places an order.
Even though the order will be for a specific quantity of goods at a specific price, it is
not yet certain that the sale transaction will go through. The customer may cancel the
order, the supplier may be unable to deliver the goods as ordered or it may be decided
that the customer is not a good credit risk.
In the case 3, a sale will be recognized when delivery of the goods is made only when:
- The sale is for cash, and so the cash is received at the same time.
- The sale is on credit and the customer accepts delivery.

Page | 44

Bi tp 1: Ghi nhn doanh thu
Theo chun mc IAS 18, Doanh thu ca doanh nghip pht sinh t nhng giao dch
sau:
- Doanh thu bn hng;
- Doanh thu cung cp dch v;
- Doanh thu t li sut, tin bn quyn v c tc.
Trong nhng trng hp sau, doanh thu s c ghi nhn nh th no:
a) Doanh nghip mua hng ha v tin rng chng s c bn ngay sau
b) Mt khch hng t n hng cho sn phm
c) Hng ha c chuyn n cho khch hng
p n:
Doanh thu thng c ghi nhn ti thi im bn hng, v khi tha mn bn
tiu chun sau:
a) Sn phm hoc dch v c cung cp cho khch hng;
b) Ngi mua xc nh ngha v n cho vic nhn hng ha v dch v. Vic ny
cng nhn rng quyn s hu hng ha c chuyn t ngi bn sang
ngi mua;
c) Ngi mua cho rng h sn sng giao tin mt hoc cc ti sn khc thanh
ton khon n ca mnh.
Trong trng hp th 1, doanh thu khng c ghi nhn trc khi hng ha c t
bi khch hng. Khng c g chc chn v gi tr ca vic bn hng cng nh khi no
n din ra, ngay c khi chc chn rng hng ha s c bn.
Trong trng hp th 2, doanh thu khng c ghi nhn khi khch hng t hng.
Mc d n t hng cp n s lng c th ca hng ha cng nh mc gi
c th, nhng cha c g chc chn rng giao dch s din ra. Khch hng c th hy
n t hng, cng nh nh cung cp c th khng giao hng ng hn, hoc c th
khch hng ang khng c kh nng thanh ton tt.
Trong trng hp th 3, doanh thu ch c ghi nhn khi:
- Doanh thu bng tin v tin c thanh ton ti thi im bn hng
- Doanh thu bn chu v khch hng chp nhn giao hng.

Page | 45
Cash Flow
Question 1: Cash flow (The effect of AR, AP, Inventory)
In the course of preparing the statement of cash flows of VinCe, a cement
manufacturing company, the following figures are to be included in the calculation of
net cash from operating activities:
$
Increase in inventory 120,000
Decrease in receivables 60,000
Increase in payables 100,000

What will the net effect of these items be in the statement of cash flows?

Answer:
Operating activities is perhaps the key part of the statement of cash flows because it
shows whether, and to what extent, companies can generate cash from their
operations. It is these operating cash flows which must, in the end, pay for all cash
outflows relating to other activities, ie paying loan, interest, dividends.
Most of the components of cash flows from operating activities will be those items
which determine the net profit or loss of the enterprise, ie they relate to the main
revenue-producing activities of the enterprise. The standard gives the following as
examples of cash flows from operating activities.
a) Cash receipts from the sale of goods and the rendering of services;
b) Cash receipts from royalties, fees, commissions and other revenue;
c) Cash payments to suppliers for goods and services;
d) Cash payments to and on behalf of employees.

We simply think that, when inventories increase, which means that we have to spend
money to buy more inventories. Therefore, it will make the money flow out.
When the Receivables decrease, which means that some customers paid their debts
by cash from previous credit purchases. Therefore, it will make the money flow in
Similarly, when the Payables increase, which means that cash is being retained and
not used to settle account payables. Therefore, there is more of it.
$

Less: increase in inventory (120,000)
Add: decrease in receivables 60,000
Add: increase in payables 100,000
Addition to operating profit 40,000

Page | 46

Bi tp 1: Dng tin (nh hng ca khon phi thu, phi tr v hng tn kho)
Khi chun b bo co lu chuyn tin t ca Vince, mt cng ty sn xut xi mng, nhng
s liu sau c thm vo trong vic tnh ton dng tin thun t hot ng sn
xut kinh doanh:
$
Hng tn kho tng 120.000
Khon phi thu gim 60.000
Khon phi tr tng 100.000
u s l nh hng t nhng khon mc trn trn bo co lu chuyn tin t?

p n:
Hot ng kinh doanh c l l phn chnh trn bo co lu chuyn tin t, v n cho
bit rng doanh nghip c th kim c bao nhiu tin t hot ng kinh doanh. y
l nhng lung tin c tr cho cc khon chi tin mt, v d nh tr li vay, li sut,
li tc.
Hu ht cc thnh phn ca dng tin t hot ng kinh doanh s l cc khon mc
xc nh c li nhun rng hoc l ca doanh nghip, tc l cc khon ny lin quan
n hot ng sn xut chnh ca doanh nghip. Chun mc a ra nhng v d dng
tin pht sinh t hot ng kinh doanh nh sau:
a) Tin thu c t vic bn hng ha v dch v;
b) Tin thu c t bn quyn, ph, hoa hng v cc khon thu khc;
c) Cc khon thanh ton tin mt cho cc nh cung cp hng ha v dch v;
d) Tin tr cho nhn vin.
Khi hng tn kho tng, c ngha l doanh nghip s phi dng tin mua nhiu hng
tn kho hn. Do s lm cho dng tin gim i.
Khi khon phi thu gim, hm l mt s khch hng tr n bng tin t nhng
giao dch mua chu trc . Do s lm cho dng tin tng ln.
Tng t, khi khon phi tr tng ln, c ngha tin c gi li v khng c s
dng cho vic thanh ton khon phi tr. Do s c nhiu tin hn.
$
Tr: hng tn kho tng (120.000)
Cng: khon phi thu gim 60.000
Cng: khon phi tr tng 100.000
Phn thm vo li nhun hot ng 40.000

Page | 47
 Question 2: Cash flow (Investing activities)
Lock Co, a motor manufacture, has the following information about the plant, property
and equipment (PPE), for the year to 31 December 20X7.
$
The carrying amount of assets at the beginning of the year 562,000
The carrying amount of assets at the end of the year 733,000
Increase of revaluation surplus during the year 150,000
Disposal during the year, at cost 210,000
Accumulated depreciation on the asset disposed of 165,000
Depreciation charge for the year 138,000

What will be included in cash flows from investing activities for the year, in the
statement of cash flows that complies with IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flow?

Answer:
Investing activities are the acquisition and disposal of non-current assets and other
investments not included in cash equivalents.
The following examples of cash flows arising from investing activities:
- Cash payments to acquire property, plant and equipment, intangibles and other
non-current assets, including those relating to capitalized development costs
and self-constructed property, plant and equipment;
- Cash receipts from sales of property, plant and equipment, intangibles and
other non-current assets;
- Cash payments to acquire shares or debentures of other enterprises;
- Cash receipts from sales of shares or debentures of other enterprises;
- Cash advances and loans made to other parties.

With the question above, assume that the Purchases of PPE during the year is X.
The net book value (NBV) of the assets disposed is equal to the historical cost minus
the accumulated depreciation, its value is $210,000 - $165,000 = $45,000.

Page | 48

 Plant, property and equipment
$ $
Opening balance 562,000 45,000 NBV of assets disposed
Increase in revaluation 150,000 138,000 Depreciation charge during
the year
Purchase PPE X=204,000 733,000 Closing balance
(balance) 916,000 916,000

So X, the figure will be included in cash flows from investing activities for the year is
$204,000.

Page | 49
Bi tp 2: Lu chuyn tin t (Hot ng u t)
Lock Co, mt doanh nghip sn xut xe my, c tnh hnh v PPE trong nm kt thc
vo ngy 31/12/20X7 nh sau:
$
Gi tr cn li ca ti sn u nm 562.000
Gi tr cn li ca ti sn cui nm 733.000
Khon tng ti khon Chnh lch do nh gi li ti sn 150.000
Thanh l trong nm, gi gc 210.000
Khu hao ly k ca ti sn thanh l 165.000
Khu hao trong nm 138.000
Theo chun mc IAS 07 v Bo co lu chuyn tin t, u l gi tr dng tin thun
ca hot ng u t trong nm 20X7?

p n:
Hot ng u t l vic mua v thanh l cc ti sn di hn v cc khon u t khc
khng nm trong cc khon tng ng tin.
Nhng v d sau v dng tin pht sinh t hot ng u t:

- Tin chi tr mua PPE, ti sn v hnh v ti sn di hn khc, bao gm c
nhng ti sn lin quan n chi ph pht trin c vn ha; v PPE t xy
dng;
- Tin thu c t vic bn PPE, ti sn v hnh v ti sn di hn khc;
- Tin chi tr mua c phiu hoc tri phiu ca doanh nghip khc;
- Tin thu c t bn c phiu v tri phiu ca doanh nghip khc;
- Tin ng trc v cc khon n cho cc bn lin quan.
Gi s gi tr ca vic Mua mi PPE trong nm l X.
Gi tr cn li ca ti sn em thanh l bng gi tr gc tr i khu hao ly k, bng
210.000$ - 165.000$ = 45.000$

Page | 50



PPE
$ $
S d u k 562.000 45.000 Gi tr cn li ti sn thanh l
Tng do nh gi li ti sn 150.000 138.000 Khu hao trong nm
Mua mi PPE X=204.000 733.000 S d cui k
916.000 916.000

Do khon mc v hot ng u t trn Bo co lu chuyn tin t s c gi tr l
204.000$.

Page | 51
Unrelized profit
Question 1: Unrealized profit
Mercedes Co operate in automobile manufacturing has owned 100% of Benz Co since
incorporation. At 31/12/2016 extracts from their individual statements of financial
position were as follows:
Mercedes Co Benz Co Benz Co
$ $
Share capital 300,000 50,000
Retained earnings 200,000 100,000
500,000 150,000

During the year ended 31/12/2016, Benz Co had sold goods to Mercedes Co for
$100,000. Mercedes Co still had these goods in inventory at the year end. Benz Co uses
a 25% mark up on all goods. What were the consolidated retained earnings of
Mercedes Group at 31/12/2016?

Answer:
Because, the goods that Benz sold to its parent- Mercedes Co are still in inventory at
year end, the profit from these goods must be deducted from Consolidated retained
earnings at 31/12/2016.
$
Mercedes Co retained earnings 500,000
Benz Co retained earnings 150,000
Unrealized profit in closing inventory (20,000)
(100,000*25/125)
Consolidated retained earnings at 31/12/2016 630,000

Page | 52

Bi tp 1: Li nhun cha thc hin
Cng ty Mercedes hot ng trong lnh vc sn xut t s hu 100% vn ca cng
ty Benz k t khi st nhp.
Ti ngy 31/12/2016, trch t cc bo co ring ca h v tnh hnh ti chnh nh sau:

Mercedes Co Benz Co
$ $
Vn c phn 300.000 50.000
Li nhun gi li 200.000 100.000
500.000 150.000
Trong nm kt thc vo 31/12/2016, Benz Co bn hng cho Mercedes Co vi gi
100.000 USD. Mercedes vn cn hng tn kho vo cui nm. Benz Co s dng t l li
nhun trn gi vn 25% trn tt c cc mt hng. Li nhun gi li hp nht ca Tp
on Mercedes vo ngy 31/12/2016 l bao nhiu?

p n:
V hng ho m Benz bn cho cng ty m - Mercedes Co vn cn trong kho vo cui
nm, nn li nhun t nhng hng ho ny phi c khu tr khi Li nhun gi li
hp nht vo ngy 31/12/2016.
$
Li nhun gi li ca Mercedes Co 500.000
Lij nhun gi li ca Benz Co 150.000
Li nhun cha ghi nhn (100.000*25/125) (20.000)
Li nhun gi li hp nht vo ngy 31/12/2016 630.000

Page | 53
Goodwill
Question 1: Goodwill
On 01/01/20X7, Mile Station acquired 95% of the $1,000,000 ordinary share capital of
Mail Station, for $3,000,000. At that date of acquisition, the fair value of plants held
by Mail Station was $120,000 higher that its carrying amount, and the retailed earnings
of Mail Station were $156,000. The fair value of the non controlling interest at that
date of acquisition was $175,000.
What is the goodwill arising on the acquisition of Mail Station?

Answer:
Goodwill is the excess of consideration paid plus fair value of non-controlling interest
over fair value of net assets acquired. It should be included in the consolidated
statement of financial position as an intangible asset.
The goodwill (excluding the impairment of goodwill) is calculated as follow:
Fair value of consideration X
Fair value of non controlling interest X
Less fair value of net assets at the acquisition (X)
Goodwill at acquisition X

So, the answer is:
$ $
Fair value of consideration 3,000,000
Fair value of non controlling interest 175,000
Less fair value of net assets
Share capital 1,000,000
Retailed earnings 156,000
Excess of non current asset 120,000
(1,276,000)
Goodwill 1,899,000

Page | 54

Bi tp 1: Li th thng mi
Vo ngy 01/01/20X7, Mile Station mua li 95% s c phiu thng tr gi 1.000.000$
ca Mail Station vi gi 3.000.000. Vo lc , gi tr hp l cc nh my ca Mail
Station cao hn gi tr cn li ca chng 120.000$, li nhun gi li ca Mail Station l
156.000$. Gi tr hp l ca ti sn do c ng khng kim sot nm gi l 175.000$.
Gi tr thng mi pht sinh trong vic mua bn ca Mail Station l bao nhiu?

p n:
Li th thng mi l phn chnh lch gia gi tr hp l m cng ty b ra cng vi gi
tr hp l ca phn ti sn do c ng khng kim sot nm gi, trn gi tr hp l ca
ti sn thun mua c. Trn bng cn i k ton ca doanh nghip, li th thng
mi c ghi nhn Ti sn v hnh.
Li th thng mi c tnh ton nh sau:
Gi tr hp l b ra X
Gi tr hp l ca ti sn do c ng khng kim sot nm gi X
Tr i gi tr hp l ca ti sn thun (X)
Li th thng mi vo ngy mua bn X

Do vy p n s l:
$ $
Gi tr hp l b ra 3.000.000
Gi tr hp l ca ti sn do c ng khng kim sot nm gi 175.000
Tr i gi tr hp l ca ti sn thun
C phiu 1.000.000
Li nhun gi li 156.000
Chnh lch ti sn c nh 120.000
(1.276.000)
Li th thng mi 1.899.000

Page | 55
Financial ratios
Question 1: Interpretation of financial statements
Window Co is preparing their financial statement for this year. An extract from their
draft statement of financial position at 31/03/20X7 is set out below.
$ $
Non current asset: 550
Current assets: Inventory 165
Receivables 210
Prepayments 130
505
Current liabilities: Payables 130
Bank overdraft 150
280
225
775
Non current liabilities: Loan (175)
600
Ordinary share capital 500
Retained earnings 100
600

What is the quick ratio and current ratio of the company?

Answer:
1. Current ratio
The ratio lets us know that the company should have enough current assets that give
a promise of 'cash to come' to meet its future commitments to pay off its current
liabilities. A current ratio in excess of 1 should be expected.
Formula:
!"##$%& ())$&)
Current ratio =
!"##$%& *+(,+*+&+$)


Current assets = Inventory + Receivables + Prepayments
= $165 + $210 + $130
= $505

Page | 56



Current liabilities = Payables + Bank overdraft
= $130 + $150
= $280

So, the current ratio will be $505/$280 = 1.8

2. Quick ratio
Companies are not able to convert all their current assets into cash very quickly. In
particular, some manufacturing companies might hold large quantities of raw material
stocks, which must be used in production to create finished goods inventory. These
might be warehoused for a long time, or sold on lengthy credit. In such businesses,
where inventory turnover is slow, most inventories are not very 'liquid' assets, because
the cash cycle is so long. For these reasons, we use an additional liquidity ratio, known
as the quick ratio or acid test ratio.
The quick ratio should ideally be at least 1 for companies with a slow inventory
turnover. For companies with a fast inventory turnover, a quick ratio can be
comfortably less than 1 without suggesting that the company should be in cash flow
trouble.
Formula:
!"##$%& ())$&)-.%/$%&0#1
Quick ratio =
!"##$%& *+(,+*+&+$)
So, the quick ratio will be ($505 - $165)/ $280 = 1.2

Page | 57
Bi tp 1: Cc ch s ti chnh
Cng ty Window ang chun b bo co ti chnh cho nm nay. Di y l mt phn
bo co ti chnh vo ngy 31/03/20X7.
$ $
Ti sn di hn 550
Ti sn ngn hn: Hng tn kho 165
Khon phi thu 210
Chi ph tr trc 130
505
N ngn hn: Khon phi tr 130
Cc khon thu chi 150
280
225
775
N di hn: N (175)
600
Vn c phiu thng 500
Li nhun gi li 100
600

Ch s kh nng thanh ton ngn hn v kh nng thanh ton tc thi ca cng ty l
bao nhiu?

p n:
1. Ch s thanh ton ngn hn
Ch s ny cho bit cng ty c th dng bao nhiu ng ti sn ngn hn b p li
mt ng n ngn hn pht sinh trong tng lai. Ch s ny cng ln hn 1 cng tt
cho tnh thanh khon ca cng ty.


Cng thc:
2+ )% %5% 7%
Ch s thanh ton ngn hn =
9 %5% 7%

Page | 58


Ti sn ngn hn = Hng tn kho + Khon phi thu + Chi ph tr trc
= 165$ + 210$ + 130$
= 505$

N ngn hn = Khon phi tr + Cc khon thu chi
= 130$ + 150$
= 280$

Do , ch s kh nng thanh ton ngn hn 505$/280$ = 1,8.

2. Ch s kh nng thanh ton tc thi
Cc cng ty khng th chuyn i tt c ti sn ca h thnh tin mt mt cch nhanh
chng. V d, cc doanh nghip sn xut mun nm gi s lng ln v nguyn vt
liu to ra thnh phm trong k. Chng c th c lu kho trong thi gian di,
hoc c bn vi tn dng di hn. Trong cc hot ng kinh doanh nh vy, khi vng
quay hng tn kho thp v kh nng thanh ton qu lu, chng c coi l khng c
tnh thanh khon. V nhng l do ny, mt ch s v kh nng thanh ton c b
sung, l Ch s kh nng thanh ton nhanh.
T s ny nn thp nht l 1 vi nhng doanh nghip c vng quay hng tn kho thp.
Vi nhng cng ty c vng quay hng tn kho ln, ch s ny c th thp hn 1 mt
cht, nu doanh nghip khng gp rc ri v dng tin.
2+ )% %5% 7%-;%5 &% =70
Ch s kh nng thanh ton tc thi =
9 %5% 7%
Do , ch s kh nng thanh ton nhanh (505$ - 165$)/ 280$ = 1,2.

Page | 59


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